String concatenation: Difference between revisions
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[[Wikipedia::https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_%28string_functions%29#Concatenation]] |
[[Wikipedia::https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_%28string_functions%29#Concatenation]] |
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=={{header|Zoea}}== |
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<lang Zoea> |
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program: string_concat |
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input: ['hello', 'literal'] |
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output: 'hello literal' |
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</lang> |
Revision as of 11:09, 1 May 2020
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Basic Data Operation
This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type.
You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or:
Integer Operations
Arithmetic |
Comparison
Boolean Operations
Bitwise |
Logical
String Operations
Concatenation |
Interpolation |
Comparison |
Matching
Memory Operations
Pointers & references |
Addresses
Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal.
To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables.
- Tasks featuring Strings
- Metrics
- Counting
- Word frequency
- Letter frequency
- Jewels and stones
- I before E except after C
- Bioinformatics/base count
- Count occurrences of a substring
- Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
- Remove/replace
- XXXX redacted
- Conjugate a Latin verb
- Remove vowels from a string
- String interpolation (included)
- Strip block comments
- Strip comments from a string
- Strip a set of characters from a string
- Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
- Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
- Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
- Word wheel
- ABC problem
- Sattolo cycle
- Knuth shuffle
- Ordered words
- Superpermutation minimisation
- Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
- Anagrams
- Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
- Permutations/Derangements
- Find/Search/Determine
- ABC words
- Odd words
- Word ladder
- Semordnilap
- Word search
- Wordiff (game)
- String matching
- Tea cup rim text
- Alternade words
- Changeable words
- State name puzzle
- String comparison
- Unique characters
- Unique characters in each string
- Extract file extension
- Levenshtein distance
- Palindrome detection
- Common list elements
- Longest common suffix
- Longest common prefix
- Compare a list of strings
- Longest common substring
- Find common directory path
- Words from neighbour ones
- Change e letters to i in words
- Non-continuous subsequences
- Longest common subsequence
- Longest palindromic substrings
- Longest increasing subsequence
- Words containing "the" substring
- Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
- Determine if a string is numeric
- Determine if a string is collapsible
- Determine if a string is squeezable
- Determine if a string has all unique characters
- Determine if a string has all the same characters
- Longest substrings without repeating characters
- Find words which contains all the vowels
- Find words which contains most consonants
- Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
- Find words which first and last three letters are equals
- Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
- Formatting
- Substring
- Rep-string
- Word wrap
- String case
- Align columns
- Literals/String
- Repeat a string
- Brace expansion
- Brace expansion using ranges
- Reverse a string
- Phrase reversals
- Comma quibbling
- Special characters
- String concatenation
- Substring/Top and tail
- Commatizing numbers
- Reverse words in a string
- Suffixation of decimal numbers
- Long literals, with continuations
- Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
- Abbreviations, easy
- Abbreviations, simple
- Abbreviations, automatic
- Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
- Mad Libs
- Magic 8-ball
- 99 Bottles of Beer
- The Name Game (a song)
- The Old lady swallowed a fly
- The Twelve Days of Christmas
- Tokenize
- Text between
- Tokenize a string
- Word break problem
- Tokenize a string with escaping
- Split a character string based on change of character
- Sequences
AArch64 Assembly
<lang AArch64 Assembly> /* ARM assembly AARCH64 Raspberry PI 3B */ /* program concatStr64.s */
/*******************************************/ /* Constantes file */ /*******************************************/ /* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly*/ .include "../includeConstantesARM64.inc" /*******************************************/ /* Initialized data */ /*******************************************/ .data szMessFinal: .asciz "The final string is \n"
szString: .asciz "Hello " szString1: .asciz " the world. \n" /*******************************************/ /* UnInitialized data */ /*******************************************/ .bss szFinalString: .skip 255 /*******************************************/ /* code section */ /*******************************************/ .text .global main main:
// load string ldr x1,qAdrszString ldr x2,qAdrszFinalString mov x4,0
1:
ldrb w0,[x1,x4] // load byte of string strb w0,[x2,x4] cmp x0,0 // compar with zero ? add x3,x4,1 csel x4,x3,x4,ne // if x0 <> 0 x4 = x4 +1 sinon x4 bne 1b ldr x1,qAdrszString1 mov x3,0
2:
ldrb w0,[x1,x3] // load byte of string 1 strb w0,[x2,x4] cmp x0,0 // compar with zero ? add x5,x4,1 csel x4,x5,x4,ne add x5,x3,1 csel x3,x5,x3,ne bne 2b mov x0,x2 // display final string bl affichageMess
100: // standard end of the program */
mov x0,0 // return code mov x8,EXIT // request to exit program svc 0 // perform the system call
qAdrszString: .quad szString qAdrszString1: .quad szString1 qAdrszFinalString: .quad szFinalString qAdrszMessFinal: .quad szMessFinal /********************************************************/ /* File Include fonctions */ /********************************************************/ /* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly */ .include "../includeARM64.inc" </lang>
- Output:
Hello the world.
ABAP
<lang ABAP>DATA: s1 TYPE string,
s2 TYPE string.
s1 = 'Hello'. CONCATENATE s1 ' literal' INTO s2 RESPECTING BLANKS. WRITE: / s1. WRITE: / s2. </lang>
- Output:
Hello Hello literal
Another way
<lang ABAP>REPORT string_concatenation.
DATA(var1) = 'Hello'. DATA(var2) = 'Literal'.
cl_demo_output=>new(
)->begin_section( 'String concatenation using |{ }|' )->write( 'Statement: |{ var1 } { var2 }|' )->write( |{ var1 } { var2 }| )->begin_section( 'String concatenation with new string' )->write( 'Statement: |{ var1 } world!|' )->write( |{ var1 } world!| )->display( ).
</lang>
- Output:
Hello literal Hello world!
ActionScript
<lang actionscript>package {
public class Str { public static function main():void { var s:String = "hello"; trace(s + " literal"); var s2:String = s + " literal"; trace(s2); } }
}</lang>
Ada
<lang ada>with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure String_Concatenation is
S1 : constant String := "Hello"; S2 : constant String := S1 & " literal";
begin
Put_Line (S1); Put_Line (S2);
end String_Concatenation;</lang>
- Sample output:
Hello Hello literal
Aime
<lang aime>text s, v;
s = "Hello"; o_(s, "\n"); v = s + ", World!"; o_(v, "\n");</lang>
- Output:
Hello Hello, World!
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68>STRING s := "hello"; print ((s + " literal", new line)); STRING s1 := s + " literal"; print ((s1, new line))</lang>
- Output:
hello literal hello literal
Apex
<lang apex> String s1 = 'Hello '; String s2 = 'Salesforce Developer!';
String s3 = s1+s2;
// Print output System.debug(s3);</lang>
- Output:
Hello Salesforce Developer!
AppleScript
<lang applescript>try
set endMsg to "world!" set totMsg to "Hello, " & endMsg display dialog totMsg
end try</lang>
ARM Assembly
<lang ARM Assembly> /* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */ /* program strConcat.s */
/* Constantes */ .equ STDOUT, 1 @ Linux output console .equ EXIT, 1 @ Linux syscall .equ WRITE, 4 @ Linux syscall /* Initialized data */ .data szMessFinal: .asciz "The final string is \n"
szString: .asciz "Hello " szString1: .asciz " the world. \n"
/* UnInitialized data */ .bss szFinalString: .skip 255
/* code section */ .text .global main main:
@ load string ldr r1,iAdrszString
ldr r2,iAdrszFinalString
mov r4,#0
1:
ldrb r0,[r1,r4] @ load byte of string strb r0,[r2,r4] cmp r0,#0 @ compar with zero ? addne r4,#1 bne 1b ldr r1,iAdrszString1 mov r3,#0
2:
ldrb r0,[r1,r3] @ load byte of string 1 strb r0,[r2,r4] cmp r0,#0 @ compar with zero ? addne r4,#1 addne r3,#1 bne 2b mov r0,r2 @ display final string bl affichageMess
100: @ standard end of the program */
mov r0, #0 @ return code mov r7, #EXIT @ request to exit program svc 0 @ perform the system call
iAdrszString: .int szString iAdrszString1: .int szString1 iAdrszFinalString: .int szFinalString iAdrszMessFinal: .int szMessFinal
/******************************************************************/ /* display text with size calculation */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains the address of the message */ affichageMess:
push {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ save registers mov r2,#0 @ counter length */
1: @ loop length calculation
ldrb r1,[r0,r2] @ read octet start position + index cmp r1,#0 @ if 0 its over addne r2,r2,#1 @ else add 1 in the length bne 1b @ and loop @ so here r2 contains the length of the message mov r1,r0 @ address message in r1 mov r0,#STDOUT @ code to write to the standard output Linux mov r7, #WRITE @ code call system "write" svc #0 @ call systeme pop {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ restaur des 2 registres bx lr @ return
</lang>
Arturo
<lang arturo>str1: "Hello " str2: "World"
print str1 + str2 + "!"</lang>
- Output:
Hello World!
AutoHotkey
<lang AutoHotkey>s := "hello" Msgbox, %s% s1 := s . " literal" ;the . is optional Msgbox, %s1%</lang>
AWK
The AWK concatenation operator is nothing. <lang awk>BEGIN {
s = "hello" print s " literal" s1 = s " literal" print s1
}</lang>
Axe
<lang axe>Lbl CONCAT Copy(r₁,L₁,length(r₁)) Copy(r₂,L₁+length(r₁),length(r₂)+1) L₁ Return</lang>
BASIC
<lang qbasic>s$ = "hello" print s$;" literal" 'or s$ + " literal" s2$ = s$ + " literal" print s2$</lang>
- Output:
hello literal hello literal
Applesoft BASIC
<lang ApplesoftBasic>S$ = "HELLO" PRINT S$;" LITERAL" :REM OR S$ + " LITERAL" S2$ = S$ + " LITERAL" PRINT S2$</lang>
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> stringvar1$ = "Hello,"
stringvar2$ = stringvar1$ + " world!" PRINT "Variable 1 is """ stringvar1$ """" PRINT "Variable 2 is """ stringvar2$ """"</lang>
- Output:
Variable 1 is "Hello," Variable 2 is "Hello, world!"
IS-BASIC
<lang IS-BASIC>100 LET S$="Hello" 110 LET S$=S$&" world!" 120 PRINT S$</lang>
ZX Spectrum Basic
<lang zxbasic>10 LET s$="Hello" 20 LET s$=s$+" World!" 30 PRINT s$</lang>
Batch File
<lang dos>set string=Hello echo %string% World set string2=%string% World echo %string2%</lang>
Bracmat
<lang bracmat>"Hello ":?var1 & "World":?var2 & str$(!var1 !var2):?var12 & put$("var1=" !var1 ", var2=" !var2 ", var12=" !var12 "\n")</lang>
- Output:
var1= Hello , var2= World , var12= Hello World
Burlesque
<lang burlesque>blsq ) "Hello, ""world!"?+ "Hello, world!"</lang>
C
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <string.h>
char *sconcat(const char *s1, const char *s2) {
char *s0 = malloc(strlen(s1)+strlen(s2)+1); strcpy(s0, s1); strcat(s0, s2); return s0;
}
int main() {
const char *s = "hello"; char *s2; printf("%s literal\n", s); /* or */ printf("%s%s\n", s, " literal"); s2 = sconcat(s, " literal"); puts(s2); free(s2);
}</lang>
C#
<lang csharp>using System;
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) { var s = "hello"; Console.Write(s); Console.WriteLine(" literal"); var s2 = s + " literal"; Console.WriteLine(s2); }
}</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>#include <string>
- include <iostream>
int main() {
std::string s = "hello"; std::cout << s << " literal" << std::endl; std::string s2 = s + " literal"; std::cout << s2 << std::endl; return 0;
}</lang>
- Output:
hello literal hello literal
ChucK
<lang> "Hello" => string A; A + " World!" => string B; <<< B >>>; </lang>
- Output:
"Hello World!"
Clojure
<lang lisp>(def a-str "abcd") (println (str a-str "efgh"))
(def a-new-str (str a-str "efgh")) (println a-new-str)</lang>
COBOL
With the STRING
verb:
<lang cobol> IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. Concat.
DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 Str PIC X(7) VALUE "Hello, ". 01 Str2 PIC X(15).
PROCEDURE DIVISION. DISPLAY "Str : " Str STRING Str " World!" DELIMITED BY SIZE INTO Str2 DISPLAY "Str2 : " Str2
GOBACK .</lang>
Alternate method using the CONCATENATE
intrinsic function:
<lang cobol> ...
PROCEDURE DIVISION. DISPLAY "Str : " Str MOVE FUNCTION CONCATENATE(Str, " World!") TO Str2 DISPLAY "Str2 : " Str2
GOBACK .</lang>
String literals can also be concatenated in the follwing ways: <lang cobol>* *> Using a '&'.
01 Long-Str-Val PIC X(200) VALUE "Lorem ipsum dolor sit " & "amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy " & "nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam " & "erat volutpat.".
- *> Using a '-' in column 7. Note the first two literals have no
- *> closing quotes.
01 Another-Long-Str PIC X(200) VALUE " Ut wisi enim ad minim - "veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit - "lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat".</lang>
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(let ((s "hello"))
(format t "~a there!~%" s) (let* ((s2 " there!") (s (concatenate 'string s s2))) (format t "~a~%" s)))</lang>
<lang lisp>(defparameter *s* "hello") (print (concatenate 'string *s* " literal")) (defparameter *s1* (concatenate 'string *s* " literal")) (print *s1*)</lang>
Component Pascal
BlackBox Component Builder <lang oberon2> MODULE StringConcatenation; IMPORT StdLog;
PROCEDURE Do*; VAR str1,str2: ARRAY 128 OF CHAR; BEGIN str1 := "Hello"; str2 := str1 + " world"; StdLog.String(":> " + str2);StdLog.Ln END Do;
END StringConcatenation.
</lang>
Execute: ^Q StringConcatenation.Do
- Output:
:> Hello world
D
<lang d>import std.stdio;
void main() {
string s = "hello"; writeln(s ~ " world"); auto s2 = s ~ " world"; writeln(s2);
}</lang>
DCL
<lang DCL>$ string1 = "hello" $ string2 = string1 + " world" $ show symbol string*</lang>
- Output:
STRING1 = "hello" STRING2 = "hello world"
Delphi
<lang delphi>program Concat;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
var
s1, s2: string;
begin
s1 := 'Hello'; s2 := s1 + ' literal'; WriteLn(s1); WriteLn(s2);
end.</lang>
DWScript
<lang delphi>var s1 := 'Hello'; var s2 := s1 + ' World';
PrintLn(s1); PrintLn(s2);</lang>
Dyalect
<lang Dyalect>var s = "hello" print(s + " literal") var s1 = s + " literal" print(s1)</lang>
Dylan.NET
<lang Dylan.NET> //to be compiled using dylan.NET v. 11.5.1.2 or later.
- refstdasm mscorlib.dll
import System
assembly concatex exe ver 1.3.0.0
class public Program
method public static void main() var s as string = "hello" Console::Write(s) Console::WriteLine(" literal") var s2 as string = s + " literal" Console::WriteLine(s2) end method
end class</lang>
Déjà Vu
<lang dejavu>local :s1 "hello" local :s2 concat( s1 ", world" ) !print s2</lang>
- Output:
hello, world
EasyLang
<lang>a$ = "hello" b$ = a$ & " world" print b$</lang>
Ela
Strings in Ela support a polymorphic concatenation operator (++): <lang ela>hello = "Hello" hello'world = hello ++ ", " ++ "world" (hello, hello'world)</lang>
- Output:
("Hello", "Hello, world!")
However, as long as strings in Ela are indexed arrays, this operator is not very effective for a large number of concatenations. Therefore one can use an alternate technique (a pure StringBuilder type defined in standard prelude). The resulting code would look like so: <lang ela>toString $ "Hello" +> ", " +> "world"</lang> The (+>) token is a type constructor. Therefore the result of its application is an instance of type StringBuilder. In order to produce a string one should call a polymorphic toString function at the end as shown above.
Elena
ELENA 4.x: <lang elena>public program() {
var s := "Hello"; var s2 := s + " literal"; console.writeLine:s; console.writeLine:s2; console.readChar()
}</lang>
- Output:
Hello Hello literal
Elixir
<lang elixir> s = "hello" t = s <> " literal"
IO.puts s IO.puts t </lang>
- Output:
hello hello literal
Emacs Lisp
version 1
<lang Emacs Lisp> (defun glue (str1 str2)
(concat str1 str2) )
</lang>
version 2
<lang Emacs Lisp> (defun glue (str1 str2)
(format "%s%s" str1 str2) )
</lang> Eval: <lang Emacs Lisp> (setq str1 "Hello, ") (setq str2 "World!") (insert (glue str1 str2) ) </lang> Output:
Hello, World!
Erlang
<lang Erlang>S = "hello", S1 = S ++ " literal", io:format ("~s literal~n",[S]), io:format ("~s~n",[S1])</lang>
- Sample output:
hello literal hello literal
ERRE
<lang ERRE>
.......... S$="HELLO" PRINT(S$;" LITERAL") ! or S$+" LITERAL" S2$=S$+" LITERAL" PRINT(S2$) ..........
</lang>
Euphoria
<lang Euphoria>sequence s, s1 s = "hello" puts(1, s & " literal") puts(1,'\n') s1 = s & " literal" print (1, s1)) puts(1,'\n')</lang>
- Output:
hello literal hello literal
Excel
Take three cells, say A1,B1 and C1. In C1, type in :
<lang excel>
=CONCATENATE(A1;" ";B1)
</lang>
As the text in A1 and/or B1 is changed, C1 will be updated.
<lang> Hello World Hello World </lang>
F#
<lang fsharp>open System
[<EntryPoint>] let main args =
let s = "hello" Console.Write(s) Console.WriteLine(" literal") let s2 = s + " literal" Console.WriteLine(s2) 0</lang>
Factor
<lang factor>"wake up" [ " sheeple" append print ] [ ", you sheep" append ] bi print</lang>
Falcon
'VBA/Python programmer's approach. I'm just a junior Falconeer but this code seems falconic <lang falcon> /* created by Aykayayciti Earl Lamont Montgomery April 9th, 2018 */
s = "critical" > s + " literal" s2 = s + " literal" > s2 </lang>
- Output:
critical literal critical literal [Finished in 0.2s]
Fantom
Illustrating in fansh: <lang fantom>fansh> a := "abc" abc fansh> b := a + "def" abcdef fansh> a abc fansh> b abcdef</lang>
Forth
<lang forth>s" hello" pad place pad count type s" there!" pad +place \ +place is called "append" on some Forths pad count type</lang>
Fortran
<lang fortran>program StringConcatenation
integer, parameter :: maxstringlength = 64 character (maxstringlength) :: s1, s = "hello"
print *,s // " literal" s1 = trim(s) // " literal" print *,s1
end program</lang>
FreeBASIC
<lang freebasic>' FB 1.05.0 Win64
Var s1 = "String" Var s2 = s1 + " concatenation" Print s1 Print s2 Sleep</lang>
- Output:
String String concatenation
Frink
<lang frink> a = "Frink" b = a + " rules!" println[b] </lang>
Gambas
In gambas, the ampersand symbol is used as a concatenation operator:
Click this link to run this code <lang gambas>Public sub main() DIM bestclub AS String DIM myconcat AS String
bestclub = "Liverpool" myconcat = bestclub & " Football Club"
Print myconcat
End</lang>
GlovePIE
<lang glovepie>var.text1="Hello, " debug=var.text1+"world!"</lang>
Go
<lang go>package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// text assigned to a string variable s := "hello"
// output string variable fmt.Println(s)
// this output requested by original task descrption, although // not really required by current wording of task description. fmt.Println(s + " literal")
// concatenate variable and literal, assign result to another string variable s2 := s + " literal"
// output second string variable fmt.Println(s2)
}</lang>
- Output:
hello hello literal hello literal
Golfscript
<lang golfscript>"Greetings ":s; s"Earthlings"+puts s"Earthlings"+:s1; s1 puts</lang>
Groovy
<lang groovy>def s = "Greetings " println s + "Earthlings"
def s1 = s + "Earthlings" println s1</lang>
- Output:
Greetings Earthlings Greetings Earthlings
Halon
The dot (concatenation) operator may cast datatypes to strings. <lang halon>echo "Hello" . "World " . 123;</lang>
Haskell
<lang haskell>import System.IO s = "hello" s1 = s ++ " literal" main = do putStrLn (s ++ " literal")
putStrLn s1</lang>
HicEst
<lang HicEst>CHARACTER s = "hello", sl*100
WRITE() s // " literal" sl = s // " literal" WRITE() sl</lang>
Icon and Unicon
<lang Icon>procedure main() s1 := "hello" write(s2 := s1 || " there.") # capture the reuslt for write(s2) # ... the 2nd write end</lang>
IDL
<lang idl>s1='Hello' print, s1 + ' literal' s2=s1 + ' literal' print, s2</lang>
J
<lang J> s1 =. 'Some '
]s1, 'text '
Some text
]s2 =. s1 , 'more text!'
Some more text!</lang> For more info see:
- http://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/d320.htm on
,
- http://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/d500.htm on
]
Java
<lang java5>public class Str{
public static void main(String[] args){ String s = "hello"; System.out.println(s + " literal"); String s2 = s + " literal"; System.out.println(s2); }
}</lang>
- Output:
hello literal hello literal
JavaScript
<lang javascript>var s = "hello" print(s + " there!")</lang>
jq
<lang jq>"hello" as $s | $s + " there!"</lang>
- Output:
# Use the -r command-line option if you wish # to suppress the string quotation marks hello there!
Julia
<lang julia>s = "hello" println(s * " there!")</lang>
K
Translation of J code: <lang K> s1: "Some " s1, "text " s2: s1 , "more text!" </lang>
- Output:
"Some " "Some text" "Some more text!"
Kotlin
<lang scala>fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val s1 = "James" val s2 = "Bond" println(s1) println(s2) val s3 = s1 + " " + s2 println(s3)
}</lang>
- Output:
James Bond James Bond
LabVIEW
The two input on the left are String Controls, the output on the right is a String Indicator. All of them can be placed on the Front Panel. The Concatenate Strings function can be placed on the Block Diagram. You can switch between the Front Panel and the Block Diagram by pressing Ctrl+E.
Lambdatalk
In Lambdatalk writing {def name a sequence of words} replaces the sequence of words by the given name in the code string. The name is a word and is not evaluated. Bracketing a name between two curly braces returns its related value. And concatenating named strings is simply done by writing names between curly braces and separated by spaces. <lang Scheme> {def christian_name Albert} -> christian_name {def name de Jeumont-Schneidre} -> name
{christian_name} {name} -> Albert de Jeumont-Schneidre </lang>
Lang5
<lang lang5>: concat 2 compress "" join ; 'hello " literal" concat</lang>
Lasso
<lang Lasso>local(x = 'Hello') local(y = #x + ', World!')
- x // Hello
- y // Hello, World!</lang>
Liberty BASIC
See BASIC.
Lingo
<lang lingo>a = "Hello" b = a & " world!" put b -- "Hello world!"</lang>
Lisaac
<lang Lisaac>Section Header
+ name := STRING_CONCATENATION;
Section Public
- main <- (
+ sc : STRING_CONSTANT; + sv : STRING;
sc := "Hello"; (sc + " literal").println;
sv := sc + " literal"; sv.println;
);</lang>
LiveCode
<lang LiveCode>local str="live" put str & "code" into str2 put str && str2</lang>
Output
live livecode
Logo
<lang logo>make "s "hello print word :s "| there!|</lang>
Lua
<lang lua>a = "hello " print(a .. "world") c = a .. "world" print(c)</lang>
M2000 Interpreter
M2000 Environment is an application written in Visual Basic 6, so can use strings UTF16LE (max 2GByte), and Ansi strings. So here is an example which add two Ansi strings. To print them to console we have to convert to UTF16LE. We can use ansi strings for files and for buffers (memory blocks). Conversion use Locale (so Locale 1032 can be used for Greek Ansi codepage)
A memory word is two bytes.
<lang M2000 Interpreter> Module CheckString {
s$ = "hello" PRINT s$;" literal" 'or s$ + " literal" s2$ = s$ + " literal" PRINT s2$ Print Len(s2$)=13 \\ get an ansi string k$=Str$("Hello") Print Len(k$)=2.5 ' 2.5 words or 5 bytes Print Chr$(k$) k2$=k$+Str$(" literal") Print Len(k2$)=6.5 ' 13 bytes Print Chr$(k2$) Print Len(Chr$(k2$))=13 ' words
} CheckString </lang>
M4
M4 has macros rather than variables, but a macro expanded can work like a variable. <lang m4>define(`concat',`$1$2')dnl define(`A',`any text value')dnl concat(`A',` concatenated with string literal') define(`B',`concat(`A',` and string literal')')dnl B</lang>
Maple
<lang Maple>str := "Hello": newstr := cat(str,", world!"): str; newstr;</lang>
- Output:
"Hello" "Hello, world!"
Mathematica
<lang Mathematica>str= "Hello "; str<>"Literal"</lang>
MATLAB / Octave
<lang MATLAB>>> string1 = '1 Fish'
string1 =
1 Fish
>> string2 = [string1 ', 2 Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish']
string2 =
1 Fish, 2 Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish</lang>
Maxima
<lang maxima>s: "the quick brown fox"; t: "jumps over the lazy dog"; sconcat(s, " ", t); /* "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" */</lang>
MAXScript
<lang maxscript>s = "hello" print (s + " literal") s1 = s + " literal" print s1</lang>
Mercury
<lang mercury>:- module string_concat.
- - interface.
- - import_module io.
- - pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.
- - implementation.
- - import_module string.
main(!IO) :-
S = "hello", S1 = S ++ " world", io.write_string(S, !IO), io.nl(!IO), io.write_string(S1, !IO), io.nl(!IO).</lang>
Metafont
<lang metafont>string a, b; a := "String"; message a & " literal"; b := a & " literal"; message b;</lang>
min
<lang min>"butter" :a (a "scotch")=> "" join :b a puts! b puts!</lang>
- Output:
butter butterscotch
MiniScript
<lang MiniScript>s = "hello" print s + " world!"</lang>
- Output:
hello world!
Modula-3
Strings in Modula-3 are called TEXT
s. Concatenation can use &
, just like Ada.
<lang modula3>MODULE Concat EXPORTS Main;
IMPORT IO;
VAR string: TEXT := "String";
string1: TEXT;
BEGIN
IO.Put(string & " literal.\n"); string1 := string & " literal.\n"; IO.Put(string1);
END Concat.</lang>
Modula-3 also provides modules for dealing with TEXT
s, such as Text
.
<lang modula3>string1 := Text.Concat(string, " literal.\n");</lang>
MUMPS
<lang MUMPS>STRCAT
SET S="STRING" WRITE !,S SET T=S_" LITERAL" WRITE !,T QUIT</lang>
- Output:
CACHE>D STRCAT^ROSETTA STRING STRING LITERAL
Nanoquery
<lang Nanoquery>s1 = "hello" println s1 + " world"
s2 = s1 + " world" println s2</lang>
- Output:
hello world hello world
Neko
<lang ActionScript>/**
String concatenation, in Neko Tectonics: nekoc string-concatenation.neko neko string-concatenation [addon]
- /
var arg = $loader.args[0] var addon if arg != null addon = $string(arg)
var s = "abc" $print("s: ", s, "\n")
var c = s + "def" $print("c: ", c, "\n")
if arg != null {
c += addon $print("addon: ", addon, "\n") $print("c: ", c, "\n")
}</lang>
- Output:
prompt$ nekoc string-concatenation.neko prompt$ neko string-concatenation.n xyz s: abc c: abcdef addon: xyz c: abcdefxyz
Nemerle
Can be done with Concat() method or + operator: <lang Nemerle>using System; using System.Console; using Nemerle.Utility.NString; // contains method Concat()
module Stringcat {
Main() : void { def text1 = "This string has"; def cat1 = Concat( " ", [text, "been concatenated"]); def cat2 = text1 + " also been concatenated"; Write($"$cat1\n$cat2\n"); }
}</lang>
NetRexx
<lang NetRexx>/* NetRexx */
options replace format comments java crossref savelog symbols
s1 = 'any text value' s2 = 'another string literal' s3 = s1 s2 -- concatenate variables with blank space (note that only one blank space is added) s4 = s1 || s2 -- concatenate variables with abuttal (here, no blank spaces are added) s5 = s1 'another string literal' -- concatenate a variable and a literal with blank space s6 = s1'another string literal' -- concatenate a variable and a literal using abuttal s7 = s1 || 'another string literal' -- ditto
say 's1:' s1 -- concatenation with blank space is employed here too say 's2:' s2 say 's3:' s3 say 's4:' s4 say 's5:' s5 say 's6:' s6 say 's7:' s7 </lang>
- Output:
s1: any text value s2: another string literal s3: any text value another string literal s4: any text valueanother string literal s5: any text value another string literal s6: any text valueanother string literal s7: any text valueanother string literal
NewLISP
<lang NewLISP>(let (str1 "foo")
(println str1) (let (str2 (string str1 "bar"))
(println str2)))</lang>
Nim
Strings can be concatenated with &
.
<lang nim>var str, str1 = "String"
echo(str & " literal.")
str1 = str1 & " literal."
echo(str1)
- -> String literal.</lang>
Strings can be concatenated as arrays and joined with a separating characters: <lang nim>var str1 = "String" echo(join([str1, " literal.", "HelloWorld!"], "~~"))
- -> String~~ literal.~~HelloWorld!</lang>
Strings can be combined using string formatting: <lang nim>var str1 = "String" echo "$# $# $#" % [str1, "literal.", "HelloWorld!"]
- -> String literal. HelloWorld!</lang>
NS-HUBASIC
<lang NS-HUBASIC>10 STRING$="HELLO" 20 STRING$=STRING$+" WORLD!" 30 PRINT STRING$</lang>
Objeck
<lang objeck>bundle Default {
class Repeat { function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { s := "hello"; s->PrintLine(); " literal"->PrintLine(); s->Append(" literal"); s->PrintLine(); } }
}</lang>
Objective-C
<lang objc>#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main() {
@autoreleasepool {
NSString *s = @"hello"; printf("%s%s\n", [s UTF8String], " literal"); NSString *s2 = [s stringByAppendingString:@" literal"]; // or, NSString *s2 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@", s, @" literal"]; puts([s2 UTF8String]); /* or */ NSMutableString *s3 = [NSMutableString stringWithString: s]; [s3 appendString: @" literal"]; puts([s3 UTF8String]); } return 0;
}</lang>
OCaml
<lang ocaml>let s = "hello" let s1 = s ^ " literal" let () =
print_endline (s ^ " literal"); print_endline s1</lang>
Oforth
.s show the stack : <lang Oforth>"Hello" dup " World!" + .s </lang>
- Output:
[1] (String) Hello World! [2] (String) Hello
Openscad
<lang openscad>a="straw"; b="berry"; c=str(a,b); /* Concatenate a and b */ echo (c);</lang>
Oz
Strings are lists and are concatenated with the "Append" function. However, often "virtual strings" are used instead. "Virtual string are designed as a convenient way to combine strings, byte strings, atoms, integers and floats to compound strings without explicit concatenation and conversion". <lang oz>declare S = "hello" {System.showInfo S#" literal"} %% virtual strings are constructed with "#" S1 = {Append S " literal"} {System.showInfo S1}</lang>
PARI/GP
<lang parigp>s = "Hello "; s = Str(s, "world"); \\ Alternately, this could have been: \\ s = concat(s, "world"); print(s);</lang>
Pascal
<lang pascal>Program StringConcat;
Var s, s1 : String;
Begin
s := 'hello'; writeln(s + ' literal'); s1 := concat(s, ' literal'); { s1 := s + ' literal'; works too, with FreePascal } writeln(s1);
End.</lang>
Perl
<lang perl>my $s = 'hello'; print $s . ' literal', "\n"; my $s1 = $s . ' literal'; print $s1, "\n";</lang> An example of destructive concatenation: <lang perl>$s .= ' literal'; print $s, "\n";</lang>
Phix
<lang Phix>string s1 = "at" ?s1 string s2 = "c"&s1 ?s2 string s3 = "s"&s1 ?s3 string s4 = "m"&s1 ?s4 string s5 = "The "&s2&" "&s3&" on the "&s4&"." ?s5</lang>
- Output:
"at" "cat" "sat" "mat" "The cat sat on the mat."
PHL
<lang>module stringcat;
extern printf;
@Integer main [
var a = "hello"; var b = a + " literal"; printf("%s\n", b);
return 0;
]</lang>
PHP
<lang php><?php $s = "hello"; echo $s . " literal" . "\n"; $s1 = $s . " literal"; echo $s1 . "\n"; ?></lang>
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(let Str1 "First text"
(prinl Str1 " literal") (let Str2 (pack Str1 " literal") (prinl Str2) ) )</lang>
Pike
<lang Pike> string hello = "hello "; write(hello + "world" + "\n"); string all_of_it = hello + "world"; write(all_of_it + "\n"); </lang>
- Output:
hello world hello world
PL/I
<lang PL/I>declare (s, t) character (30) varying;
s = 'hello from me'; display (s || ' to you.' ); t = s || ' to you all'; display (t);</lang>
PowerShell
<lang powershell>$s = "Hello" Write-Host $s World.
- alternative, using variable expansion in strings
Write-Host "$s World."
$s2 = $s + " World." Write-Host $s2</lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>If OpenConsole()
s$ = "hello" PrintN( s$ + " literal") s2$ = s$ + " literal" PrintN(s2$)
Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit") Input() CloseConsole()
EndIf</lang>
Python
<lang python>s1 = "hello" print s1 + " world"
s2 = s1 + " world" print s2</lang>
- Output:
hello world hello world
When concatenating many strings, it is more efficient to use the join method of a string object, which takes a list of strings to be joined. The string on which join is called is used as a separator. <lang python>s1 = "hello" print ", ".join([s1, "world", "mom"])
s2 = ", ".join([s1, "world", "mom"]) print s2</lang>
- Output:
hello, world, mom hello, world, mom
R
<lang R>hello <- "hello" paste(hello, "literal") # "hello literal" hl <- paste(hello, "literal") #saves concatenates string to a new variable paste("no", "spaces", "between", "words", sep="") # "nospacesbetweenwords"</lang>
Racket
<lang Racket>#lang racket (define hello "hello") (displayln hello)
(define world (string-append hello " " "world" "!")) (displayln world)
- outputs
- hello
- hello world!</lang>
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
<lang perl6>my $s = 'hello'; say $s ~ ' literal'; my $s1 = $s ~ ' literal'; say $s1;
- or, using mutating concatenation:
$s ~= ' literal'; say $s;</lang> Note also that most concatenation in Raku is done implicitly via interpolation.
Raven
<lang Raven># Cat strings "First string and " "second string" cat print
- Join
[ "First string" "second string" "third string" ] " and " join print
[ "First string" "second string" "third string" ] each print
- Formatted print
"\n" "Third string" "Second string" "First string" "%s %s %s %s" print
- Heredoc
" - NOT!!" as $x "This is the only way to do it%($x)s" print</lang>
- Output:
First string and second string First string and second string and third string First stringsecond stringthird string First string Second string Third string This is the only way to do it - NOT!!
REBOL
<lang REBOL>s: "hello" print s1: rejoin [s " literal"] print s1</lang>
Red
<lang Red>>>str1: "Hello" >>str2: append str1 " World" >> print str2 Hello World >> print str1 Hello World</lang>
Retro
<lang Retro> 'hello_ 'literal s:append s:put</lang>
REXX
<lang rexx>s = "hello" say s "literal" t = s "literal" /* Whitespace between the two strings causes a space in the output */ say t
/* The above method works without spaces too */
genus="straw" say genus"berry" /* This outputs strawberry */ say genus || "berry" /* Concatenation using a doublepipe does not cause spaces */</lang>
Ring
<lang ring> aString = "Welcome to the " bString = "Ring Programming Language"
see astring + bString + nl </lang>
Ruby
<lang ruby>s = "hello" p s + " literal" #=> "hello literal" s1 = s + " literal" p s1 #=> "hello literal" s1 << " another" # append to s1 p s1 #=> "hello literal another"
s = "hello" p s.concat(" literal") #=> "hello literal" p s #=> "hello literal"</lang>
Rust
<lang rust>fn main() {
let s = "hello".to_owned(); println!("{}", s); let s1 = s + " world"; println!("{}", s1);
}</lang>
SAS
<lang sas>data _null_;
a="Hello,"; b="World!"; c=a !! " " !! b; put c; *Alternative using the catx function; c=catx (" ", a, b); put c;
run;</lang>
Sather
<lang sather>class MAIN is
main is s ::= "hello"; #OUT + s + " literal\n"; s2 ::= s + " literal"; #OUT + s2 + "\n"; end;
end;</lang>
Scala
Evaluation in a Scala worksheet, to val f2 is an anonymous function assigned. <lang scala> val s = "hello" //> s : String = hello
val s2 = s + " world" //> s2 : String = hello world val f2 = () => " !" //> f2 : () => String = <function0>
println(s2 + f2()) //> hello world !</lang>
Scheme
<lang scheme>(define s "hello") (display (string-append s " literal")) (newline) (define s1 (string-append s " literal")) (display s1) (newline)</lang>
Scilab
<lang>s1="Hello" s1+" world!" s2=s1+" world" s2 </lang>
- Output:
--> s1="Hello" s1 = Hello -->s1+" world!" ans = Hello world! -->s2=s1+" world!" s2 = Hello world! -->s2 Hello world!
Seed7
<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
const proc: main is func
local var string: s is "hello"; var string: s2 is ""; begin writeln(s <& " world"); s2 := s & " world"; writeln(s2); end func;</lang>
- Output:
hello world hello world
Sidef
<lang ruby>var s = 'hello'; say s+' literal'; var s1 = s+' literal'; say s1;</lang> An example of destructive concatenation: <lang ruby>s += ' literal'; say s;</lang>
Simula
<lang Simula>TEXT PROCEDURE concatenate(head, tail);
TEXT head, tail;
BEGIN TEXT c;
c :- blanks(head.length + tail.length); c.sub(c.start, head.length) := head; ! putText(), anyone?; c.sub(c.start + head.length, tail.length) := tail; concatenate:- c;
END;
TEXT stringVariable, another; stringVariable :- "head "; another :- concatenate(stringVariable, "and tail"); OutText("stringVariable: """); OutText(stringVariable); OutText(""", another: "); OutText(another); Outimage;</lang>
Slate
<lang slate>define: #s -> 'hello'. inform: s ; ' literal'. define: #s1 -> (s ; ' literal'). inform: s1.</lang>
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>|s s1| s := 'hello'. (s,' literal') printNl. s1 := s,' literal'. s1 printNl.</lang>
SNOBOL4
<lang snobol> greet1 = "Hello, " output = greet1 greet2 = greet1 "World!" output = greet2 end</lang>
Sparkling
<lang sparkling>let s1 = "Hello"; let s2 = " world!"; print(s1 .. s2); // prints "Hello world!"</lang>
Standard ML
<lang sml>val s = "hello" val s1 = s ^ " literal\n" val () =
print (s ^ " literal\n"); print s1</lang>
Stata
Stata string scalars
<lang stata>sca a = "foo" sca b = "bar" sca c = a+b di c
foobar</lang>
Mata
<lang stata>a = "foo" b = "bar" c = a+b c
foobar</lang>
Swift
<lang swift>let s = "hello" println(s + " literal") let s1 = s + " literal" println(s1)</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>set s hello puts "$s there!" append s " there!" puts $s</lang> You can also just group the strings to concatenate together at the point where they are used, using Tcl's built-in syntactic concatenation: <lang tcl>set s "Hello " set t "World" set u "!" puts $s$t$u ;# There is nothing special here about using puts; just an example</lang>
TI-83 BASIC
<lang ti83b>"HELLO"→Str0 Str0+" WORLD!"→Str0</lang>
- Output:
HELLO WORLD!
TI-89 BASIC
<lang ti89b>"aard" → sv Disp sv & "vark" sv & "wolf" → sv2</lang>
TorqueScript
<lang Torque>%string = "Hello"; echo(%string); %other = " world!"; echo(%other); echo(%string @ %other);</lang>
TUSCRIPT
<lang tuscript>$$ MODE TUSCRIPT s = "Hello " print s, "literal"
s1 = CONCAT (s,"literal") print s1</lang>
- Output:
Hello literal Hello literal
UNIX Shell
<lang sh>s="hello" echo "$s literal" s1="$s literal" # This method only works with a space between the strings echo $s1
- To concatenate without the space we need squiggly brackets:
genus='straw' fruit=${genus}berry # This outputs the word strawberry echo $fruit</lang>
UnixPipes
<lang bash>echo "hello"
| xargs -n1 -i echo {} literal</lang>
Ursa
<lang ursa>decl string s1 s2
- make s1 contain "hello "
set s1 "hello "
- set s2 to contain s1 and "world"
set s2 (+ s1 "world")
- outputs "hello world"
out s2 endl console</lang>
Vala
<lang vala>void main() {
var s = "hello"; print(s); print(" literal\n"); var s2 = s + " literal\n"; print(s2);
}</lang>
VBA
<lang vb> Option Explicit
Sub String_Concatenation() Dim str1 As String, str2 As String
str1 = "Rosetta" Debug.Print str1 Debug.Print str1 & " code!" str2 = str1 & " code..." Debug.Print str2 & " based on concatenation of : " & str1 & " and code..."
End Sub </lang>
- Output:
Rosetta Rosetta code! Rosetta code... based on concatenation of : Rosetta and code...
Visual Basic
works the same as in VBA, see String_concatenation#VBA
Visual Basic .NET
Platform: .NET
<lang vbnet>s = "Hello" Console.WriteLine(s & " literal") s1 = s + " literal" Console.WriteLine(s1)</lang>
Wee Basic
<lang Wee Basic>let string1$="Hello " let string2$="world!" print 1 string1$+string2$ end</lang>
Wren
<lang javascript>var s = "Hello, " var t = s + "world!" System.print(s) System.print(t)</lang>
- Output:
Hello, Hello, world!
XPL0
<lang XPL0>func Concat(S1, S2, S3); \Concatenate strings: S3:= S1 + S2 char S1, S2, S3; int C, I, J; [I:= 0; repeat C:= S1(I);
S3(I):= C & $7F; \remove MSb terminator from first string I:= I+1;
until C >= $80; J:= 0; repeat C:= S2(J);
S3(I+J):= C; J:= J+1;
until C >= $80; return S3; ];
code Text=12; char A, B, C(80); [A:= "Hello";
B:= " World!";
Concat(A, B, C); Text(0, C); ]</lang>
Yorick
<lang yorick>var1 = "Hello"; var2 = var1 + ", world!"; write, var1; write, var2;</lang>
Zig
<lang zig>const std = @import("std");
const debug = std.debug; const heap = std.heap; const mem = std.mem;
test "string concatenation" {
const hello = "Hello,";
debug.warn("\n{}{}\n", .{ hello, " world!" });
// Method 1: Array concatenation // // This only works if the values are known at compile-time. const hello_world_at_comptime = hello ++ " world!";
debug.warn("{}\n", .{hello_world_at_comptime});
// Method 2: std.mem.concat var buf: [128]u8 = undefined; const allocator = &heap.FixedBufferAllocator.init(&buf).allocator;
const hello_world_concatenated = try mem.concat(allocator, u8, &[_][]const u8{ hello, " world!" });
debug.warn("{}\n", .{hello_world_concatenated});
// Method 3: std.mem.join const hello_world_joined = try mem.join(allocator, " ", &[_][]const u8{ hello, "world!" });
debug.warn("{}\n", .{hello_world_joined});
}</lang>
- Output:
Test [1/1] test "string concatenation"... Hello, world! Hello, world! Hello, world! Hello, world! All 1 tests passed.
zkl
<lang zkl>var s="Hello"; s2:=s+", world!"; s2.println(); //-->Hello, world! s3:=String(s," ",s2); s3.println(); //-->Hello Hello, world!</lang> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_%28string_functions%29#ConcatenationProperty "Wikipedia" (as page type) with input value "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_%28string_functions%29#Concatenation" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Zoea
<lang Zoea> program: string_concat
input: ['hello', 'literal'] output: 'hello literal'
</lang>
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