Jump to content

Towers of Hanoi

From Rosetta Code
Task
Towers of Hanoi
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Task

Solve the   Towers of Hanoi   problem with recursion.

11l

Translation of: Python
F hanoi(ndisks, startPeg = 1, endPeg = 3) -> Void
   I ndisks
      hanoi(ndisks - 1, startPeg, 6 - startPeg - endPeg)
      print(‘Move disk #. from peg #. to peg #.’.format(ndisks, startPeg, endPeg))
      hanoi(ndisks - 1, 6 - startPeg - endPeg, endPeg)

hanoi(ndisks' 3)
Output:
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 1 from peg 3 to peg 2
Move disk 3 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 1
Move disk 2 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 3

360 Assembly

Translation of: PL/I
*        Towers of Hanoi           08/09/2015
HANOITOW CSECT
         USING  HANOITOW,R12       r12 : base register
         LR     R12,R15            establish base register
         ST     R14,SAVE14         save r14
BEGIN    LH     R2,=H'4'           n <===
         L      R3,=C'123 '        stating position
         BAL    R14,MOVE           r1=move(m,n)
RETURN   L      R14,SAVE14         restore r14
         BR     R14                return to caller
SAVE14   DS     F                  static save r14
PG       DC     CL44'xxxxxxxxxxxx Move disc from pole X to pole Y' 
NN       DC     F'0'
POLEX    DS     F                  current poles
POLEN    DS     F                  new poles
*        ....   recursive          subroutine move(n, poles)  [r2,r3]
MOVE     LR     R10,R11            save stackptr (r11) in r10 temp
         LA     R1,STACKLEN        amount of storage required
         GETMAIN RU,LV=(R1)        allocate storage for stack
         USING  STACKDS,R11        make storage addressable
         LR     R11,R1             establish stack addressability
         ST     R14,SAVE14M        save previous r14
         ST     R10,SAVE11M        save previous r11
         LR     R1,R5              restore saved argument r5
BEGINM   STM    R2,R3,STACK        push arguments to stack
         ST     R3,POLEX
         CH     R2,=H'1'           if n<>1
         BNE    RECURSE            then goto recurse
         L      R1,NN
         LA     R1,1(R1)           nn=nn+1
         ST     R1,NN
         XDECO  R1,PG              nn
         MVC    PG+33(1),POLEX+0   from
         MVC    PG+43(1),POLEX+1   to
         XPRNT  PG,44              print "move disk from to"
         B      RETURNM
RECURSE  L      R2,N               n
         BCTR   R2,0               n=n-1
         MVC    POLEN+0(1),POLES+0 from
         MVC    POLEN+1(1),POLES+2 via
         MVC    POLEN+2(1),POLES+1 to
         L      R3,POLEN           new poles
         BAL    R14,MOVE           call move(n-1,from,via,to)
         LA     R2,1               n=1
         MVC    POLEN,POLES 
         L      R3,POLEN           new poles
         BAL    R14,MOVE           call move(1,from,to,via)
         L      R2,N               n
         BCTR   R2,0               n=n-1
         MVC    POLEN+0(1),POLES+2 via
         MVC    POLEN+1(1),POLES+1 to
         MVC    POLEN+2(1),POLES+0 from
         L      R3,POLEN           new poles
         BAL    R14,MOVE           call move(n-1,via,to,from)
RETURNM  LM     R2,R3,STACK        pull arguments from stack
         LR     R1,R11             current stack
         L      R14,SAVE14M        restore r14
         L      R11,SAVE11M        restore r11
         LA     R0,STACKLEN        amount of storage to free
         FREEMAIN A=(R1),LV=(R0)   free allocated storage
         BR     R14                return to caller
         LTORG
         DROP   R12                base no longer needed
STACKDS  DSECT                     dynamic area
SAVE14M  DS     F                  saved r14
SAVE11M  DS     F                  saved r11
STACK    DS     0F                 stack
N        DS     F                  r2 n
POLES    DS     F                  r3 poles
STACKLEN EQU    *-STACKDS
         YREGS  
         END    HANOITOW
Output:
           1 Move disc from pole 1 to pole 3
           2 Move disc from pole 1 to pole 2
           3 Move disc from pole 3 to pole 2
           4 Move disc from pole 1 to pole 3
           5 Move disc from pole 2 to pole 1
           6 Move disc from pole 2 to pole 3
           7 Move disc from pole 1 to pole 3
           8 Move disc from pole 1 to pole 2
           9 Move disc from pole 3 to pole 2
          10 Move disc from pole 3 to pole 1
          11 Move disc from pole 2 to pole 1
          12 Move disc from pole 3 to pole 2
          13 Move disc from pole 1 to pole 3
          14 Move disc from pole 1 to pole 2
          15 Move disc from pole 3 to pole 2

6502 Assembly

Works with: Commodore

This should work on any Commodore 8-bit computer; just set `temp` to an appropriate zero-page location.

temp   = $FB   ; this works on a VIC-20 or C-64; adjust for other machines. Need two bytes zero-page space unused by the OS.

; kernal print-char routine
chrout  = $FFD2

; Main Towers of Hanoi routine. To call, load the accumulator with the number of disks to move,
; the X register with the source peg (1-3), and the Y register with the target peg.

hanoi:   cmp #$00       ; do nothing if the number of disks to move is zero
         bne nonzero
         rts

nonzero: pha            ; save registers on stack
         txa
         pha
         tya
         pha
         pha            ; and make room for the spare peg number

         ; Parameters are now on the stack at these offsets:
         count  = $0104
         source = $0103
         target = $0102
         spare  = $0101

         ; compute spare rod number (6 - source - dest)
         tsx
         lda #6
         sec
         sbc source, x
         sec
         sbc target, x
         sta spare, x

         ; prepare for first recursive call
         tay                ; target is the spare peg

         tsx
         lda source, x      ; source is the same
         sta temp           ; we're using X to access the stack, so save its value here for now

         lda count, x       ; move count - 1 disks
         sec
         sbc #1
         ldx temp           ; now load X for call 

         ; and recurse
         jsr hanoi

         ; restore X and Y for print call
         tsx
         ldy target, x
         lda source, x
         tax

         ; print instructions to move the last disk
         jsr print_move

         ; prepare for final recursive call
         tsx
         lda spare, x    ; source is now spare
         sta temp
         lda target, x   ; going to the original target
         tay            
         lda count, x    ; and again moving count-1 disks
         sec         
         sbc #1
         ldx temp
         jsr hanoi

         ; pop our stack frame, restore registers, and return
         pla
         pla
         tay
         pla
         tax
         pla
         rts

; constants for printing
prelude:   .asciiz "MOVE DISK FROM "
interlude: .asciiz " TO "
postlude:  .byte 13,0

; print instructions: move disk from (X) to (Y)
print_move:
         pha
         txa
         pha
         tya
         pha

         ; Parameters are now on the stack at these offsets:
         from   = $0102
           to   = $0101

         lda #<prelude
         ldx #>prelude
         jsr print_string
         tsx
         lda from,x
         clc
         adc #$30
         jsr chrout
         lda #<interlude
         ldx #>interlude
         jsr print_string
         tsx
         lda to,x
         clc
         adc #$30
         jsr chrout
         lda #<postlude
         ldx #>postlude
         jsr print_string
         pla
         tay
         pla
         tax
         pla
         rts

; utility routine: print null-terminated string at address AX
print_string:
         sta temp
         stx temp+1
         ldy #0
loop:    lda (temp),y
         beq done_print
         jsr chrout
         iny
         bne loop
done_print:
         rts
Output:
MOVE DISK FROM 1 TO 2
MOVE DISK FROM 1 TO 3
MOVE DISK FROM 2 TO 3
MOVE DISK FROM 1 TO 2
MOVE DISK FROM 3 TO 1
MOVE DISK FROM 3 TO 2
MOVE DISK FROM 1 TO 2
MOVE DISK FROM 1 TO 3
MOVE DISK FROM 2 TO 3
MOVE DISK FROM 2 TO 1
MOVE DISK FROM 3 TO 1
MOVE DISK FROM 2 TO 3
MOVE DISK FROM 1 TO 2
MOVE DISK FROM 1 TO 3
MOVE DISK FROM 2 TO 3

8080 Assembly

	org	100h
	lhld	6	; Top of CP/M usable memory
	sphl		; Put the stack there
	lxi	b,0401h	; Set up first arguments to move()
	lxi	d,0203h
	call	move	; move(4, 1, 2, 3)
	rst	0	; quit program
	;;;	Move B disks from C via D to E. 
move:	dcr	b	; One fewer disk in next iteration
	jz	mvout	; If this was the last disk, print move and stop
	push	b	; Otherwise, save registers,
	push	d 
	mov	a,d	; First recursive call
	mov	d,e
	mov	e,a
	call	move	; move(B-1, C, E, D)
	pop	d	; Restore registers
	pop	b
	call	mvout	; Print current move
	mov	a,c	; Second recursive call
	mov	c,d
	mov	d,a
	jmp	move	; move(B-1, D, C, E) - tail call optimization
	;;;	Print move, saving registers.
mvout:	push	b	; Save registers on stack
	push	d
	mov	a,c	; Store 'from' as ASCII digit in 'from' space
	adi	'0'
	sta	out1
	mov	a,e	; Store 'to' as ASCII digit in 'to' space
	adi	'0'
	sta	out2
	lxi	d,outstr
	mvi	c,9	; CP/M call to print the string
	call	5
	pop	d	; Restore register contents
	pop	b
	ret
	;;;	Move output with placeholder for pole numbers
outstr:	db	'Move disk from pole '
out1:	db	'* to pole '
out2:	db	'*',13,10,'$'
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

8086 Assembly

	cpu	8086
	bits	16
	org	100h
section	.text
	mov	bx,0402h	; Set up first arguments to move()
	mov	cx,0103h	; Registers chosen s.t. CX contains output
	;;;	Move BH disks from CH via BL to CL
move:	dec	bh		; One fewer disk in next iteration
	jz	.out		; If this was last disk, just print move
	push	bx		; Save the registers for a recursive call
	push	cx
	xchg	bl,cl		; Swap the 'to' and 'via' registers
	call	move		; move(BH, CH, CL, BL)
	pop	cx		; Restore the registers from the stack
	pop	bx
	call	.out		; Print the move
	xchg	ch,bl		; Swap the 'from' and 'via' registers
	jmp	move		; move(BH, BL, CH, CL)
	;;;	Print the move
.out:	mov	ax,'00'		; Add ASCII 0 to both 'from' and 'to'
	add	ax,cx		; in one 16-bit operation
	mov	[out1],ah	; Store 'from' field in output
	mov	[out2],al	; Store 'to' field in output
	mov	dx,outstr	; MS-DOS system call to print string
	mov	ah,9
	int	21h
	ret
section	.data
outstr:	db	'Move disk from pole '
out1:	db	'* to pole '
out2:	db	'*',13,10,'$'
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

8th

5 var, disks
var sa
var sb
var sc

: save sc ! sb ! sa ! disks ! ;
: get sa @ sb @ sc @ ;
: get2 get swap ;
: hanoi
	save disks @ not if ;; then
	disks @ get
	disks @ n:1- get2 hanoi save
	cr 
	" move a ring from " .  sa @ . " to " . sb @ .
	disks @ n:1- get2 rot hanoi
;

" Tower of Hanoi, with " . disks @ . " rings: " . 
disks @ 1 2 3 hanoi cr bye

ABC

HOW TO MOVE n DISKS FROM src VIA via TO dest:
    IF n>0:
        MOVE n-1 DISKS FROM src VIA dest TO via
        WRITE "Move disk from pole", src, "to pole", dest/
        MOVE n-1 DISKS FROM via VIA dest TO src

MOVE 4 DISKS FROM 1 VIA 2 TO 3
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3

Action!

Translation of: Tiny BASIC

...via PL/M

;;; Iterative Towers of Hanoi; translated from Tiny BASIC via PL/M
;;;

DEFINE NUMBER_OF_DISCS = "4"

PROC Main()

  INT d, n, x

  n = 1
  FOR d = 1 TO NUMBER_OF_DISCS DO
    n = n + n
  OD
  FOR x = 1 TO n - 1 DO
    ; as with Algol W, PL/M, Action! has bit and MOD operators
    Print( "Move disc on peg " )
    Put( '1 + (   ( x AND ( x - 1 ) )       MOD 3 ) )
    Print( " to peg " )
    Put( '1 + ( ( ( x OR  ( x - 1 ) ) + 1 ) MOD 3 ) )
    PutE()
  OD
RETURN
Output:
Move disc on peg 1 to peg 3
Move disc on peg 1 to peg 2
Move disc on peg 3 to peg 2
Move disc on peg 1 to peg 3
Move disc on peg 2 to peg 1
Move disc on peg 2 to peg 3
Move disc on peg 1 to peg 3
Move disc on peg 1 to peg 2
Move disc on peg 3 to peg 2
Move disc on peg 3 to peg 1
Move disc on peg 2 to peg 1
Move disc on peg 3 to peg 2
Move disc on peg 1 to peg 3
Move disc on peg 1 to peg 2
Move disc on peg 3 to peg 2

ActionScript

public function move(n:int, from:int, to:int, via:int):void
{
    if (n > 0)
    {
        move(n - 1, from, via, to);
        trace("Move disk from pole " + from + " to pole " + to);
        move(n - 1, via, to, from);
    }
}

Ada

with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;

procedure Towers is
   type Pegs is (Left, Center, Right);
   procedure Hanoi (Ndisks : Natural; Start_Peg : Pegs := Left; End_Peg : Pegs := Right; Via_Peg : Pegs := Center) is
   begin
      if Ndisks > 0 then
         Hanoi(Ndisks - 1, Start_Peg, Via_Peg, End_Peg);
         Put_Line("Move disk" & Natural'Image(Ndisks) & " from " & Pegs'Image(Start_Peg) & " to " & Pegs'Image(End_Peg));
         Hanoi(Ndisks - 1, Via_Peg, End_Peg, Start_Peg);
      end if;
   end Hanoi;
begin
   Hanoi(4);
end Towers;

Agena

move := proc(n::number, src::number, dst::number, via::number) is
   if n > 0 then
      move(n - 1, src, via, dst)
      print(src & ' to ' & dst)
      move(n - 1, via, dst, src)
   fi
end

move(4, 1, 2, 3)

ALGOL 60

begin
  procedure movedisk(n, f, t);
  integer n, f, t;
  begin
    outstring (1, "Move disk from");
    outinteger(1, f);
    outstring (1, "to");
    outinteger(1, t);
    outstring (1, "\n");
  end;

  procedure dohanoi(n, f, t, u);
  integer n, f, t, u;
  begin
    if n < 2 then
      movedisk(1, f, t)
    else
      begin
        dohanoi(n - 1, f, u, t);
        movedisk(1, f, t);
        dohanoi(n - 1, u, t, f);
      end;
  end;

  dohanoi(4, 1, 2, 3);
  outstring(1,"Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!")
end
Output:
Move disk from 1 to 3 
Move disk from 1 to 2 
Move disk from 3 to 2 
Move disk from 1 to 3 
Move disk from 2 to 1 
Move disk from 2 to 3 
Move disk from 1 to 3 
Move disk from 1 to 2 
Move disk from 3 to 2 
Move disk from 3 to 1 
Move disk from 2 to 1 
Move disk from 3 to 2 
Move disk from 1 to 3 
Move disk from 1 to 2 
Move disk from 3 to 2 
Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!


ALGOL 68

PROC move = (INT n, from, to, via) VOID:
  IF n > 0 THEN
    move(n - 1, from, via, to);
    printf(($"Move disk from pole "g" to pole "gl$, from, to));
    move(n - 1, via, to, from)
  FI
;

main: (
  move(4, 1,2,3)
)


COMMENT Disk number is also printed in this code (works with a68g): COMMENT

PROC move = (INT n, from, to, via) VOID:
  IF n > 0 THEN
    move(n - 1, from, via, to);
    printf(($"Move disk "g"     from pole "g"     to pole "gl$, n,  from, to));
    move(n - 1, via, to, from)
  FI ;
main: (
  move(4, 1,2,3)
)

ALGOL-M

begin
procedure move(n, src, via, dest);
integer n;
string(1) src, via, dest;
begin
    if n > 0 then
    begin
        move(n-1, src, dest, via);
        write("Move disk from pole ");
        writeon(src);
        writeon(" to pole ");
        writeon(dest);
        move(n-1, via, src, dest);
    end;
end;

move(4, "1", "2", "3");
end
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

ALGOL W

Recursive

Following Agena, Algol 68, AmigaE...

begin
    procedure move ( integer value n, from, to, via ) ;
        if n > 0 then begin
            move( n - 1, from, via, to );
            write( i_w := 1, s_w := 0, "Move disk from peg: ", from, " to peg: ", to );
            move( n - 1, via, to, from )
        end move ;
 
    move( 4, 1, 2, 3 )
end.

Iterative

Translation of: Tiny BASIC
begin % iterative towers of hanoi - translated from Tiny Basic %
    integer d, n;
    while begin writeon( "How many disks? " );
                read( d );
                d < 1 or d > 10
          end
    do begin end;
    n := 1;
    while d not = 0 do begin
        d := d - 1;
        n := 2 * n
    end;
    for x := 1 until n - 1 do begin
        integer s, t;
        % Algol W has the necessary bit and modulo operators so these are used here %
        %         instead of implementing them via subroutines                      %
        s :=   number( bitstring( x ) and bitstring( x - 1 ) )       rem 3;
        t := ( number( bitstring( x ) or  bitstring( x - 1 ) ) + 1 ) rem 3;
        write( i_w := 1, s_w := 0, "Move disc on peg ", s + 1, " to peg ", t + 1 )
    end
end.

AmigaE

PROC move(n, from, to, via)
  IF n > 0
    move(n-1, from, via, to)
    WriteF('Move disk from pole \d to pole \d\n', from, to)
    move(n-1, via, to, from)
  ENDIF
ENDPROC

PROC main()
  move(4, 1,2,3)
ENDPROC

Amazing Hopper

#include <hopper.h>
#proto hanoi(_X_,_Y_,_Z_,_W_)
main:
   get arg number (2,discos)
   {discos}!neg? do{fail=0,mov(fail),{"I need a positive (or zero) number here, not: ",fail}println,exit(0)}
   pos? do{
      _hanoi( discos, "A", "B", "C" )
   }
exit(0)
.locals
hanoi(discos,inicio,aux,fin)
   iif( {discos}eqto(1), {inicio, "->", fin, "\n"};print,  _hanoi({discos}minus(1), inicio,fin,aux);\
                                                           {inicio, "->", fin, "\n"};print;\
                                                           _hanoi({discos}minus(1), aux, inicio, fin))
back
Output:
For 4 discs:
A->B
A->C
B->C
A->B
C->A
C->B
A->B
A->C
B->C
B->A
C->A
B->C
A->B
A->C
B->C

APL

Works with: Dyalog APL
hanoi{
    move{
        n from to via
        n0:
        l(n-1) from via to
        r(n-1) via to from
        l,(from to),r
    }
    '⊂Move disk from pole ⊃,I1,⊂ to pole ⊃,I1'⎕FMTmove 
}
Output:
      hanoi 4 1 2 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2

AppleScript

--------------------- TOWERS OF HANOI --------------------

-- hanoi :: Int -> (String, String, String) -> [(String, String)]
on hanoi(n, abc)
    script go
        on |λ|(n, {x, y, z})
            if n > 0 then
                set m to n - 1
                
                |λ|(m, {x, z, y}) & ¬
                    {{x, y}} & |λ|(m, {z, y, x})
            else
                {}
            end if
        end |λ|
    end script
    
    go's |λ|(n, abc)
end hanoi


--------------------------- TEST -------------------------
on run
    unlines(map(intercalate(" -> "), ¬
        hanoi(3, {"left", "right", "mid"})))
end run


-------------------- GENERIC FUNCTIONS -------------------

-- intercalate :: String -> [String] -> String
on intercalate(delim)
    script
        on |λ|(xs)
            set {dlm, my text item delimiters} to ¬
                {my text item delimiters, delim}
            set s to xs as text
            set my text item delimiters to dlm
            s
        end |λ|
    end script
end intercalate


-- Lift 2nd class handler function into 1st class script wrapper 
-- mReturn :: First-class m => (a -> b) -> m (a -> b)
on mReturn(f)
    if class of f is script then
        f
    else
        script
            property |λ| : f
        end script
    end if
end mReturn


-- map :: (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b]
on map(f, xs)
    tell mReturn(f)
        set lng to length of xs
        set lst to {}
        repeat with i from 1 to lng
            set end of lst to |λ|(item i of xs, i, xs)
        end repeat
        return lst
    end tell
end map


-- unlines :: [String] -> String
on unlines(xs)
    set {dlm, my text item delimiters} to ¬
        {my text item delimiters, linefeed}
    set str to xs as text
    set my text item delimiters to dlm
    str
end unlines
Output:
left -> right
left -> mid
right -> mid
left -> right
mid -> left
mid -> right
left -> right

More illustratively:

(I've now eliminated the recursive |move|() handler's tail calls. So it's now only called 2 ^ (n - 1) times as opposed to 2 ^ (n + 1) - 1 with full recursion. The maximum call depth of n is only reached once, whereas with full recursion, the maximum depth was n + 1 and this was reached 2 ^ n times.)

on hanoi(n, source, target)
    set t1 to tab & "tower 1: " & tab
    set t2 to tab & "tower 2: " & tab
    set t3 to tab & "tower 3: " & tab
    
    script o
        property m : 0
        property tower1 : {}
        property tower2 : {}
        property tower3 : {}
        property towerRefs : {a reference to tower1, a reference to tower2, a reference to tower3}
        property process : missing value
        
        on |move|(n, source, target)
            set aux to 6 - source - target
            repeat with n from n to 2 by -1 -- Tail call elimination repeat.
                |move|(n - 1, source, aux)
                set end of item target of my towerRefs to n
                tell item source of my towerRefs to set its contents to reverse of rest of its reverse
                set m to m + 1
                set end of my process to ¬
                    {(m as text) & ". move disc " & n & (" from tower " & source) & (" to tower " & target & ":"), ¬
                        t1 & tower1, ¬
                        t2 & tower2, ¬
                        t3 & tower3}
                tell source
                    set source to aux
                    set aux to it
                end tell
            end repeat
            -- Specific code for n = 1:
            set end of item target of my towerRefs to 1
            tell item source of my towerRefs to set its contents to reverse of rest of its reverse
            set m to m + 1
            set end of my process to ¬
                {(m as text) & ". move disc 1 from tower " & source & (" to tower " & target & ":"), ¬
                    t1 & tower1, ¬
                    t2 & tower2, ¬
                    t3 & tower3}
        end |move|
    end script
    
    repeat with i from n to 1 by -1
        set end of item source of o's towerRefs to i
    end repeat
    
    set astid to AppleScript's text item delimiters
    set AppleScript's text item delimiters to ", "
    set o's process to {"Starting with " & n & (" discs on tower " & (source & ":")), ¬
        t1 & o's tower1, t2 & o's tower2, t3 & o's tower3}
    if (n > 0) then tell o to |move|(n, source, target)
    set end of o's process to "That's it!"
    set AppleScript's text item delimiters to linefeed
    set process to o's process as text
    set AppleScript's text item delimiters to astid
    
    return process
end hanoi

-- Test:
set numberOfDiscs to 3
set sourceTower to 1
set destinationTower to 2
hanoi(numberOfDiscs, sourceTower, destinationTower)
Output:
"Starting with 3 discs on tower 1:
    tower 1:     3, 2, 1
    tower 2:     
    tower 3:     
1. move disc 1 from tower 1 to tower 2:
    tower 1:     3, 2
    tower 2:     1
    tower 3:     
2. move disc 2 from tower 1 to tower 3:
    tower 1:     3
    tower 2:     1
    tower 3:     2
3. move disc 1 from tower 2 to tower 3:
    tower 1:     3
    tower 2:     
    tower 3:     2, 1
4. move disc 3 from tower 1 to tower 2:
    tower 1:     
    tower 2:     3
    tower 3:     2, 1
5. move disc 1 from tower 3 to tower 1:
    tower 1:     1
    tower 2:     3
    tower 3:     2
6. move disc 2 from tower 3 to tower 2:
    tower 1:     1
    tower 2:     3, 2
    tower 3:     
7. move disc 1 from tower 1 to tower 2:
    tower 1:     
    tower 2:     3, 2, 1
    tower 3:     
That's it!"

ARM Assembly

.text
.global	_start
_start:	mov	r0,#4		@ 4 disks,
	mov	r1,#1		@ from pole 1,
	mov	r2,#2		@ via pole 2,
	mov	r3,#3		@ to pole 3.
	bl	move
	mov	r0,#0		@ Exit to Linux afterwards
	mov	r7,#1
	swi	#0
	@@@	Move r0 disks from r1 via r2 to r3
move:	subs	r0,r0,#1	@ One fewer disk in next iteration
	beq	show		@ If last disk, just print move
	push	{r0-r3,lr}	@ Save all the registers incl. link register
	eor	r2,r2,r3	@ Swap the 'to' and 'via' registers
	eor	r3,r2,r3
	eor	r2,r2,r3
	bl	move		@ Recursive call
	pop	{r0-r3}		@ Restore all the registers except LR
	bl	show		@ Show current move
	eor	r1,r1,r3	@ Swap the 'to' and 'via' registers
	eor	r3,r1,r3
	eor	r1,r1,r3
	pop	{lr}		@ Restore link register
	b	move		@ Tail call
	@@@	Show move
show:	push	{r0-r3,lr}	@ Save all the registers
	add	r1,r1,#'0	@ Write the source pole
	ldr	lr,=spole
	strb	r1,[lr] 
	add	r3,r3,#'0	@ Write the destination pole
	ldr	lr,=dpole
	strb	r3,[lr]
	mov	r0,#1		@ 1 = stdout
	ldr	r1,=moves	@ Pointer to string
	ldr	r2,=mlen	@ Length of string
	mov	r7,#4		@ 4 = Linux write syscall
	swi	#0 		@ Print the move
	pop	{r0-r3,pc}	@ Restore all the registers and return
.data
moves:	.ascii	"Move disk from pole "
spole:	.ascii	"* to pole "
dpole:	.ascii	"*\n"
mlen	=	. - moves
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1

Arturo

Translation of: D
hanoi: function [n f dir via][
	if n>0 [
		hanoi n-1 f via dir
		print ["Move disk" n "from" f "to" dir]
		hanoi n-1 via dir f
	]
]
 
hanoi 3 'L 'M 'R
Output:
Move disk 1 from L to M 
Move disk 2 from L to R 
Move disk 1 from M to R 
Move disk 3 from L to M 
Move disk 1 from R to L 
Move disk 2 from R to M 
Move disk 1 from L to M

Asymptote

void hanoi(int n, string origen, string auxiliar, string destino) {
  if (n == 1) {
    write("Move disk 1 from " + origen + " to " + destino);
  } else {
    hanoi(n - 1, origen, destino, auxiliar);
    write("Move disk " + string(n) + " from " + origen + " to " + destino);
    hanoi(n - 1, auxiliar, origen, destino);
  }
}

hanoi(3, "pole 1", "pole 2", "pole 3");
write("Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!");
Output:
Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 2 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk 1 from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk 3 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 1 from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk 2 from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 3
Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!

AutoHotkey

move(n, from, to, via)  ;n = # of disks, from = start pole, to = end pole, via = remaining pole 
{
  if (n = 1)
  {
    msgbox , Move disk from pole %from% to pole %to% 
  }
  else
  {
    move(n-1, from, via, to)
    move(1, from, to, via)
    move(n-1, via, to, from)
  }
}
move(64, 1, 3, 2)

AutoIt

Func move($n, $from, $to, $via)
	If ($n = 1) Then
		ConsoleWrite(StringFormat("Move disk from pole "&$from&" To pole "&$to&"\n"))
	Else
		move($n - 1, $from, $via, $to)
		move(1, $from, $to, $via)
		move($n - 1, $via, $to, $from)
	EndIf
EndFunc

move(4, 1,2,3)

AWK

Translation of: Logo
$ awk 'func hanoi(n,f,t,v){if(n>0){hanoi(n-1,f,v,t);print(f,"->",t);hanoi(n-1,v,t,f)}}
BEGIN{hanoi(4,"left","middle","right")}'
Output:
left -> right
left -> middle
right -> middle
left -> right
middle -> left
middle -> right
left -> right
left -> middle
right -> middle
right -> left
middle -> left
right -> middle
left -> right
left -> middle
right -> middle

BASIC

Using a Subroutine

Works with: FreeBASIC
Works with: RapidQ
SUB move (n AS Integer, fromPeg AS Integer, toPeg AS Integer, viaPeg AS Integer)
    IF n>0 THEN
        move n-1, fromPeg, viaPeg, toPeg
        PRINT "Move disk from "; fromPeg; " to "; toPeg
        move n-1, viaPeg, toPeg, fromPeg
    END IF
END SUB

move 4,1,2,3

Using GOSUBs

Here's an example of implementing recursion in an old BASIC that only has global variables:

Works with: Applesoft BASIC
Works with: Chipmunk Basic
Works with: Commodore BASIC
Works with: GW-BASIC
Works with: MSX_BASIC
10 DEPTH=4: REM SHOULD EQUAL NUMBER OF DISKS
20 DIM N(DEPTH), F(DEPTH), T(DEPTH), V(DEPTH): REM STACK PER PARAMETER
30 SP = 0:    REM STACK POINTER
40 N(SP) = 4: REM START WITH 4 DISCS
50 F(SP) = 1: REM ON PEG 1
60 T(SP) = 2: REM MOVE TO PEG 2
70 V(SP) = 3: REM VIA PEG 3
80 GOSUB 100
90 END
99 REM MOVE SUBROUTINE 
100 IF N(SP) = 0 THEN RETURN
110 OS = SP:           REM STORE STACK POINTER
120 SP = SP + 1:       REM INCREMENT STACK POINTER
130 N(SP) = N(OS) - 1: REM MOVE N-1 DISCS
140 F(SP) = F(OS)    : REM FROM START PEG
150 T(SP) = V(OS)    : REM TO VIA PEG
160 V(SP) = T(OS)    : REM VIA TO PEG
170 GOSUB 100
180 OS = SP - 1: REM OS WILL HAVE CHANGED
190 PRINT "MOVE DISC FROM"; F(OS); "TO"; T(OS)
200 N(SP) = N(OS) - 1: REM MOVE N-1 DISCS
210 F(SP) = V(OS)    : REM FROM VIA PEG
220 T(SP) = T(OS)    : REM TO DEST PEG
230 V(SP) = F(OS)    : REM VIA FROM PEG
240 GOSUB 100
250 SP = SP - 1      : REM RESTORE STACK POINTER FOR CALLER
260 RETURN

Using binary method

Works with: Chipmunk Basic
Works with: Commodore BASIC

Very fast version in BASIC V2 on Commodore C-64

Works with: MSX_BASIC
   10 DEF FNM3(X)=X-INT(X/3)*3:REM MODULO 3
   20 N=4:GOSUB 100
   30 END
   99 REM HANOI
  100 :FOR M=1 TO 2^N-1
  110 ::PRINT MID$(STR$(M),2);":",FNM3(M AND M-1)+1;"TO";FNM3((M OR M-1)+1)+1
  130 :NEXT M
  140 RETURN
Output:
1:     1 TO 3 
2:     1 TO 2 
3:     3 TO 2 
4:     1 TO 3 
5:     2 TO 1 
6:     2 TO 3 
7:     1 TO 3 
8:     1 TO 2 
9:     3 TO 2 
10:    3 TO 1 
11:    2 TO 1 
12:    3 TO 2 
13:    1 TO 3 
14:    1 TO 2 
15:    3 TO 2 

BASIC256

call move(4,1,2,3)
print "Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!"
end

subroutine move (n, fromPeg, toPeg, viaPeg)
    if n>0 then
        call move(n-1, fromPeg, viaPeg, toPeg)
        print "Move disk from "+fromPeg+" to "+toPeg
        call move(n-1, viaPeg, toPeg, fromPeg)
    end if
end subroutine
Output:
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!

IS-BASIC

100 PROGRAM "Hanoi.bas"
110 CALL HANOI(4,1,3,2)
120 DEF HANOI(DISK,FRO,TO,WITH)
130   IF DISK>0 THEN
140     CALL HANOI(DISK-1,FRO,WITH,TO)
150     PRINT "Move disk";DISK;"from";FRO;"to";TO
160     CALL HANOI(DISK-1,WITH,TO,FRO)
170   END IF
180 END DEF

Quite BASIC

Translation of: BASIC
100 CLS
120 LET D = 4   : REM SHOULD EQUAL NUMBER OF DISKS
130 ARRAY N: ARRAY F: ARRAY T: ARRAY V: REM STACK PER PARAMETER
140 LET S = 0   : REM STACK POINTER
150 LET N(S) = 4: REM START WITH 4 DISCS
160 LET F(S) = 1: REM ON PEG 1
170 LET T(S) = 2: REM MOVE TO PEG 2
180 LET V(S) = 3: REM VIA PEG 3
190 GOSUB 220
200 END
210 REM MOVE SUBROUTINE 
220 IF N(S) = 0 THEN RETURN
230 LET O = S          : REM STORE STACK POINTER
240 LET S = S + 1      : REM INCREMENT STACK POINTER
250 LET N(S) = N(O) - 1: REM MOVE N-1 DISCS
260 LET F(S) = F(O)    : REM FROM START PEG
270 LET T(S) = V(O)    : REM TO VIA PEG
280 LET V(S) = T(O)    : REM VIA TO PEG
290 GOSUB 220
300 LET O = S - 1      : REM O WILL HAVE CHANGED
310 PRINT "MOVE DISC FROM "; F(O); " TO "; T(O)
320 LET N(S) = N(O) - 1: REM MOVE N-1 DISCS
330 LET F(S) = V(O)    : REM FROM VIA PEG
340 LET T(S) = T(O)    : REM TO DEST PEG
350 LET V(S) = F(O)    : REM VIA FROM PEG
360 GOSUB 220
370 LET S = S - 1      : REM RESTORE STACK POINTER FOR CALLER
380 RETURN
390 END
Output:
MOVE DISC FROM 1 TO 3
MOVE DISC FROM 1 TO 2
MOVE DISC FROM 3 TO 2
MOVE DISC FROM 1 TO 3
MOVE DISC FROM 2 TO 1
MOVE DISC FROM 2 TO 3
MOVE DISC FROM 1 TO 3
MOVE DISC FROM 1 TO 2
MOVE DISC FROM 3 TO 2
MOVE DISC FROM 3 TO 1
MOVE DISC FROM 2 TO 1
MOVE DISC FROM 3 TO 2
MOVE DISC FROM 1 TO 3
MOVE DISC FROM 1 TO 2
MOVE DISC FROM 3 TO 2

Batch File

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion

	%==The main thing==%
	%==First param - Number of disks==%
	%==Second param - Start pole==%
	%==Third param - End pole==%
	%==Fourth param - Helper pole==%
call :move 4 START END HELPER
echo.
pause
exit /b 0

	%==The "function"==%
:move
	setlocal
	set n=%1
	set from=%2
	set to=%3
	set via=%4

	if %n% gtr 0 (
		set /a x=!n!-1
		call :move !x! %from% %via% %to%
		echo Move top disk from pole %from% to pole %to%.
		call :move !x! %via% %to% %from%
	) 
	exit /b 0
Output:
Move top disk from pole START to pole HELPER.
Move top disk from pole START to pole END.
Move top disk from pole HELPER to pole END.
Move top disk from pole START to pole HELPER.
Move top disk from pole END to pole START.
Move top disk from pole END to pole HELPER.
Move top disk from pole START to pole HELPER.
Move top disk from pole START to pole END.
Move top disk from pole HELPER to pole END.
Move top disk from pole HELPER to pole START.
Move top disk from pole END to pole START.
Move top disk from pole HELPER to pole END.
Move top disk from pole START to pole HELPER.
Move top disk from pole START to pole END.
Move top disk from pole HELPER to pole END.

Press any key to continue . . .

BBC BASIC

      DIM Disc$(13),Size%(3)
      FOR disc% = 1 TO 13
        Disc$(disc%) = STRING$(disc%," ")+STR$disc%+STRING$(disc%," ")
        IF disc%>=10 Disc$(disc%) = MID$(Disc$(disc%),2)
        Disc$(disc%) = CHR$17+CHR$(128+disc%-(disc%>7))+Disc$(disc%)+CHR$17+CHR$128
      NEXT disc%
      
      MODE 3
      OFF
      ndiscs% = 13
      FOR n% = ndiscs% TO 1 STEP -1
        PROCput(n%,1)
      NEXT
      INPUT TAB(0,0) "Press Enter to start" dummy$
      PRINT TAB(0,0) SPC(20);
      PROChanoi(ndiscs%,1,2,3)
      VDU 30
      END
      
      DEF PROChanoi(a%,b%,c%,d%)
      IF a%=0 ENDPROC
      PROChanoi(a%-1,b%,d%,c%)
      PROCtake(a%,b%)
      PROCput(a%,c%)
      PROChanoi(a%-1,d%,c%,b%)
      ENDPROC
      
      DEF PROCput(disc%,peg%)
      PRINTTAB(13+26*(peg%-1)-disc%,20-Size%(peg%))Disc$(disc%);
      Size%(peg%) = Size%(peg%)+1
      ENDPROC
      
      DEF PROCtake(disc%,peg%)
      Size%(peg%) = Size%(peg%)-1
      PRINTTAB(13+26*(peg%-1)-disc%,20-Size%(peg%))STRING$(2*disc%+1," ");
      ENDPROC

BCPL

get "libhdr"

let start() be move(4, 1, 2, 3)
and move(n, src, via, dest) be if n > 0 do 
$(  move(n-1, src, dest, via)
    writef("Move disk from pole %N to pole %N*N", src, dest);
    move(n-1, via, src, dest)
$)
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

Befunge

This is loosely based on the Python sample. The number of disks is specified by the first integer on the stack (the initial character 4 in the example below). If you want the program to prompt the user for that value, you can replace the 4 with a & (the read integer command).

48*2+1>#v_:!#@_0" ksid evoM">:#,_$:8/:.v
>8v8:<$#<+9-+*2%3\*3/3:,+55.+1%3:$_,#!>#:<
: >/!#^_:0\:8/1-8vv,_$8%:3/1+.>0" gep ot"^
^++3-%3\*2/3:%8\*<>:^:"from peg "0\*8-1<
Output:
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 3 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 1 from peg 3 to peg 1
Move disk 2 from peg 3 to peg 2
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 4 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 2 from peg 2 to peg 1
Move disk 1 from peg 3 to peg 1
Move disk 3 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3

BQN

Based on: APL

Move  {
    𝕩0 ? ⟨⟩;
    𝕊 nfromtovia:
    l  𝕊 n-1, from, via, to
    r  𝕊 n-1, via, to, from
    l(<fromto)r
}
{"Move disk from pole "(•Fmt 𝕨)" to pole "∾•Fmt 𝕩}´˘>Move 4123
┌─                                 
╵"Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3  
  Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2  
  Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2  
  Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3  
  Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1  
  Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3  
  Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3  
  Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2  
  Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2  
  Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1  
  Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1  
  Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2  
  Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3  
  Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2  
  Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2" 
                                  ┘

Bracmat

( ( move
  =   n from to via
    .   !arg:(?n,?from,?to,?via)
      & (   !n:>0
          & move$(!n+-1,!from,!via,!to)
          & out$("Move disk from pole " !from " to pole " !to)
          & move$(!n+-1,!via,!to,!from)
        | 
        )
  )
& move$(4,1,2,3)
);
Output:
Move disk from pole  1  to pole  3
Move disk from pole  1  to pole  2
Move disk from pole  3  to pole  2
Move disk from pole  1  to pole  3
Move disk from pole  2  to pole  1
Move disk from pole  2  to pole  3
Move disk from pole  1  to pole  3
Move disk from pole  1  to pole  2
Move disk from pole  3  to pole  2
Move disk from pole  3  to pole  1
Move disk from pole  2  to pole  1
Move disk from pole  3  to pole  2
Move disk from pole  1  to pole  3
Move disk from pole  1  to pole  2
Move disk from pole  3  to pole  2

Brainf***

[
This implementation is recursive and uses
a stack, consisting of frames that are 8
bytes long. The layout is as follows:

Byte   Description
   0   recursion flag
       (the program stops if the flag is
        zero)
   1   the step which is currently
       executed
       4 means a call to
               move(a, c, b, n - 1)
       3 means a call to
               move(a, b, c, 1)
       2 means a call to
               move(b, a, c, n - 1)
       1 prints the source and dest pile
   2   flag to check whether the current
       step has already been done or if
       it still must be executed
   3   the step which will be executed
       in the next loop
   4   the source pile
   5   the helper pile
   6   the destination pile
   7   the number of disks to move

The first stack frame (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0)
is used to abort the recursion.
]

>>>>>>>>

These are the parameters for the program
(1 4 1 0 'a 'b 'c 5)
+>++++>+>>
>>>>++++++++[<++++++++++++>-]<
[<<<+>+>+>-]<<<+>++>+++>+++++>
<<<<<<<<

[> while (recurse)
  [- if (step gt 0)
    >[-]+< todo = 1
    [- if (step gt 1)
      [- if (step gt 2)
        [- if (step gt 3)
          >>+++<< next = 3
          >-< todo = 0
          >>>>>>[>+>+<<-]>[<+>-]> n dup
          -
          [[-] if (sub(n 1) gt 0)
            <+>>>++++> push (1 0 0 4)

            copy and push a
            <<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>+>+
            <<<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>
            >[<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>-]< >

            copy and push c
            <<<<<<<[>>>>>>>+>+
            <<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>
            >[<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>-]< >

            copy and push b
            <<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>>+>+
            <<<<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>>
            >[<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>-]< >

            copy n and push sub(n 1)
            <<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>+>+
            <<<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>
            >[<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>-]< -
            >>
          ]
          <<<<<<<<
        ]
        >[-< if ((step gt 2) and todo)
          >>++<< next = 2
          >>>>>>>
          +>>>+> push 1 0 0 1 a b c 1
          <<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>+>+
          <<<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>
          >[<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>-]< > a
          <<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>+>+
          <<<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>
          >[<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>-]< > b
          <<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>+>+
          <<<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>
          >[<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>-]< > c
          + >>
        >]<
      ]
      >[-< if ((step gt 1) and todo)
        >>>>>>[>+>+<<-]>[<+>-]> n dup
        -
        [[-] if (n sub 1 gt 0)
          <+>>>++++> push (1 0 0 4)

          copy and push b
          <<<<<<<[>>>>>>>+
          <<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>
          >[<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>-]< >

          copy and push a
          <<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>>+
          <<<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>>
          >[<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>-]< >

          copy and push c
          <<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>+
          <<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>
          >[<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>-]< >

          copy n and push sub(n 1)
          <<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>+>+
          <<<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>>
          >[<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>-]< -
          >>
        ]
        <<<<<<<<
      >]<
    ]
    >[-< if ((step gt 0) and todo)
      >>>>>>>
      >++++[<++++++++>-]<
      >>++++++++[<+++++++++>-]<++++
      >>++++++++[<++++++++++++>-]<+++++
      >>+++++++++[<++++++++++++>-]<+++
      <<<
      >.+++++++>.++.--.<<.
      >>-.+++++.----.<<.
      >>>.<---.+++.>+++.+.+.<.<<.
      >.>--.+++++.---.++++.
        -------.+++.<<.
      >>>++.-------.-.<<<.
      >+.>>+++++++.---.-----.<<<.
      <<<<.>>>>.
      >>----.>++++++++.<+++++.<<.
      >.>>.---.-----.<<<.
      <<.>>++++++++++++++.
      >>>[-]<[-]<[-]<[-]
      +++++++++++++.---.[-]
      <<<<<<<
    >]<
    >>[<<+>>-]<< step = next
  ]
  return with clear stack frame
  <[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<
  <<<<<<<<
  >>[<<+>>-]<< step = next
  <
]

Bruijn

Translation of: Python
:import std/Combinator .
:import std/Number .
:import std/String .

hanoi y [[[[=?2 empty go]]]]
	go [(4 --3 2 0) ++ str ++ (4 --3 0 1)] ((+6) - 1 - 0)
		str "Move " ++ disk ++ " from " ++ source ++ " to " ++ destination ++ "\n"
			disk number→string 3
			source number→string 2
			destination number→string 1

C

#include <stdio.h>

void move(int n, int from, int via, int to)
{
  if (n > 1) {
    move(n - 1, from, to, via);
    printf("Move disk from pole %d to pole %d\n", from, to);
    move(n - 1, via, from, to);
  } else {
    printf("Move disk from pole %d to pole %d\n", from, to);
  }
}
int main()
{
  move(4, 1,2,3);
  return 0;
}

Animate it for fun:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

typedef struct { int *x, n; } tower;
tower *new_tower(int cap)
{
	tower *t = calloc(1, sizeof(tower) + sizeof(int) * cap);
	t->x = (int*)(t + 1);
	return t;
}

tower *t[3];
int height;

void text(int y, int i, int d, const char *s)
{
	printf("\033[%d;%dH", height - y + 1, (height + 1) * (2 * i + 1) - d);
	while (d--) printf("%s", s);
}

void add_disk(int i, int d)
{
	t[i]->x[t[i]->n++] = d;
	text(t[i]->n, i, d, "==");

	usleep(100000);
	fflush(stdout);
}

int remove_disk(int i)
{
	int d = t[i]->x[--t[i]->n];
	text(t[i]->n + 1, i, d, "  ");
	return d;
}

void move(int n, int from, int to, int via)
{
	if (!n) return;

	move(n - 1, from, via, to);
	add_disk(to, remove_disk(from));
	move(n - 1, via, to, from);
}

int main(int c, char *v[])
{
	puts("\033[H\033[J");

	if (c <= 1 || (height = atoi(v[1])) <= 0)
		height = 8;
	for (c = 0; c < 3; c++)	 t[c] = new_tower(height);
	for (c = height; c; c--) add_disk(0, c);

	move(height, 0, 2, 1);

	text(1, 0, 1, "\n");
	return 0;
}

C#

public  void move(int n, int from, int to, int via) {
   if (n == 1) {
     System.Console.WriteLine("Move disk from pole " + from + " to pole " + to);
   } else {
     move(n - 1, from, via, to);
     move(1, from, to, via);
     move(n - 1, via, to, from);
   }
 }

C++

Works with: g++
void move(int n, int from, int to, int via) {
  if (n == 1) {
    std::cout << "Move disk from pole " << from << " to pole " << to << std::endl;
  } else {
    move(n - 1, from, via, to);
    move(1, from, to, via);
    move(n - 1, via, to, from);
  }
}

Chipmunk Basic

Works with: Chipmunk Basic version 3.6.4
Translation of: FreeBASIC
100 cls
110 print "Three disks" : print
120 hanoi(3,1,2,3)
130 print chr$(10)"Four disks" chr$(10)
140 hanoi(4,1,2,3)
150 print : print "Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!"
160 end
170 sub hanoi(n,desde,hasta,via)
180   if n > 0 then
190     hanoi(n-1,desde,via,hasta)
200     print "Move disk " n "from pole " desde "to pole " hasta
210     hanoi(n-1,via,hasta,desde)
220   endif
230 end sub

Clojure

Side-Effecting Solution

(defn towers-of-hanoi [n from to via]
  (when (pos? n)
    (towers-of-hanoi (dec n) from via to)
    (printf "Move from %s to %s\n" from to)
    (recur (dec n) via to from)))

Lazy Solution

(defn towers-of-hanoi [n from to via]
  (when (pos? n)
    (lazy-cat (towers-of-hanoi (dec n) from via to)
              (cons [from '-> to]
                    (towers-of-hanoi (dec n) via to from)))))

CLU

move = proc (n, from, via, to: int)
    po: stream := stream$primary_output()
    if n > 0 then
        move(n-1, from, to, via)
        stream$putl(po, "Move disk from pole "
                     || int$unparse(from)
                     || " to pole "
                     || int$unparse(to))
        move(n-1, via, from, to)
    end
end move

start_up = proc ()
    move(4, 1, 2, 3)
end start_up
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

COBOL

Translation of: C
Works with: OpenCOBOL version 2.0
       >>SOURCE FREE
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. towers-of-hanoi.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
    CALL "move-disk" USING 4, 1, 2, 3
    .
END PROGRAM towers-of-hanoi.

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. move-disk RECURSIVE.

DATA DIVISION.
LINKAGE SECTION.
01  n                         PIC 9 USAGE COMP.
01  from-pole                 PIC 9 USAGE COMP.
01  to-pole                   PIC 9 USAGE COMP.
01  via-pole                  PIC 9 USAGE COMP.

PROCEDURE DIVISION USING n, from-pole, to-pole, via-pole.
    IF n > 0
       SUBTRACT 1 FROM n
       CALL "move-disk" USING CONTENT n, from-pole, via-pole, to-pole
       DISPLAY "Move disk from pole " from-pole " to pole " to-pole
       CALL "move-disk" USING CONTENT n, via-pole, to-pole, from-pole
    END-IF
    .
END PROGRAM move-disk.

Template:Number of disks also

 
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. towers-of-hanoi.
 
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
    CALL "move-disk" USING 4, 1, 2, 3
    .
END PROGRAM towers-of-hanoi.
 
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. move-disk RECURSIVE.
 
DATA DIVISION.
LINKAGE SECTION.
01  n                         PIC 9 USAGE COMP.
01  from-pole                 PIC 9 USAGE COMP.
01  to-pole                   PIC 9 USAGE COMP.
01  via-pole                  PIC 9 USAGE COMP.
 
PROCEDURE DIVISION USING n, from-pole, to-pole, via-pole.
    IF n > 0
       SUBTRACT 1 FROM n
       CALL "move-disk" USING CONTENT n, from-pole, via-pole, to-pole
       ADD 1 TO n
       DISPLAY "Move disk number "n " from pole " from-pole " to pole " to-pole
       SUBTRACT 1 FROM n
       CALL "move-disk" USING CONTENT n, via-pole, to-pole, from-pole
    END-IF
    .
END PROGRAM move-disk.

ANSI-74 solution

Early versions of COBOL did not have recursion. There are no locally-scoped variables and the call of a procedure does not have to use a stack to save return state. Recursion would cause undefined results. It is therefore necessary to use an iterative algorithm. This solution is an adaptation of Kolar's Hanoi Tower algorithm no. 1.

Works with: CIS COBOL version 4.2
Works with: GnuCOBOL version 3.0-rc1.0
       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. ITERATIVE-TOWERS-OF-HANOI.
       AUTHOR. SOREN ROUG.
       DATE-WRITTEN. 2019-06-28.
       ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
       CONFIGURATION SECTION.
       SOURCE-COMPUTER. LINUX.
       OBJECT-COMPUTER. KAYPRO4.
       INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
       FILE-CONTROL.
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       77  NUM-DISKS                   PIC 9 VALUE 4.
       77  N1                          PIC 9 COMP.
       77  N2                          PIC 9 COMP.
       77  FROM-POLE                   PIC 9 COMP.
       77  TO-POLE                     PIC 9 COMP.
       77  VIA-POLE                    PIC 9 COMP.
       77  FP-TMP                      PIC 9 COMP.
       77  TO-TMP                      PIC 9 COMP.
       77  P-TMP                       PIC 9 COMP.
       77  TMP-P                       PIC 9 COMP.
       77  I                           PIC 9 COMP.
       77  DIV                         PIC 9 COMP.
       01  STACKNUMS.
           05  NUMSET OCCURS 3 TIMES.
               10  DNUM                PIC 9 COMP.
       01  GAMESET.
           05  POLES OCCURS 3 TIMES.
               10  STACK OCCURS 10 TIMES.
                   15  POLE            PIC 9 USAGE COMP.

       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
       HANOI.
           DISPLAY "TOWERS OF HANOI PUZZLE WITH ", NUM-DISKS, " DISKS.".
           ADD NUM-DISKS, 1 GIVING N1.
           ADD NUM-DISKS, 2 GIVING N2.
           MOVE 1 TO DNUM (1).
           MOVE N1 TO DNUM (2), DNUM (3).
           MOVE N1 TO POLE (1, N1), POLE (2, N1), POLE (3, N1).
           MOVE 1 TO POLE (1, N2).
           MOVE 2 TO POLE (2, N2).
           MOVE 3 TO POLE (3, N2).
           MOVE 1 TO I.
           PERFORM INIT-PUZZLE UNTIL I = N1.
           MOVE 1 TO FROM-POLE.
           DIVIDE 2 INTO NUM-DISKS GIVING DIV.
           MULTIPLY 2 BY DIV.
           IF DIV NOT = NUM-DISKS PERFORM INITODD ELSE PERFORM INITEVEN.
           PERFORM MOVE-DISK UNTIL DNUM (3) NOT > 1.
           DISPLAY "TOWERS OF HANOI PUZZLE COMPLETED!".
           STOP RUN.
       INIT-PUZZLE.
           MOVE I TO POLE (1, I).
           MOVE 0 TO POLE (2, I), POLE (3, I).
           ADD 1 TO I.
       INITEVEN.
           MOVE 2 TO TO-POLE.
           MOVE 3 TO VIA-POLE.
       INITODD.
           MOVE 3 TO TO-POLE.
           MOVE 2 TO VIA-POLE.
       MOVE-DISK.
           MOVE DNUM (FROM-POLE) TO FP-TMP.
           MOVE POLE (FROM-POLE, FP-TMP) TO I.
           DISPLAY "MOVE DISK FROM ", POLE (FROM-POLE, N2),
               " TO ", POLE (TO-POLE, N2).
           ADD 1 TO DNUM (FROM-POLE).
           MOVE VIA-POLE TO TMP-P.
           SUBTRACT 1 FROM DNUM (TO-POLE).
           MOVE DNUM (TO-POLE) TO TO-TMP.
           MOVE I TO POLE (TO-POLE, TO-TMP).
           DIVIDE 2 INTO I GIVING DIV.
           MULTIPLY 2 BY DIV.
           IF I NOT = DIV PERFORM MOVE-TO-VIA ELSE
               PERFORM MOVE-FROM-VIA.
       MOVE-TO-VIA.
           MOVE TO-POLE TO VIA-POLE.
           MOVE DNUM (FROM-POLE) TO FP-TMP.
           MOVE DNUM (TMP-P) TO P-TMP.
           IF POLE (FROM-POLE, FP-TMP) > POLE (TMP-P, P-TMP)
               PERFORM MOVE-FROM-TO
           ELSE MOVE TMP-P TO TO-POLE.
       MOVE-FROM-TO.
           MOVE FROM-POLE TO TO-POLE.
           MOVE TMP-P TO FROM-POLE.
           MOVE DNUM (FROM-POLE) TO FP-TMP.
           MOVE DNUM (TMP-P) TO P-TMP.
       MOVE-FROM-VIA.
           MOVE FROM-POLE TO VIA-POLE.
           MOVE TMP-P TO FROM-POLE.

CoffeeScript

hanoi = (ndisks, start_peg=1, end_peg=3) ->
  if ndisks
    staging_peg = 1 + 2 + 3 - start_peg - end_peg
    hanoi(ndisks-1, start_peg, staging_peg)
    console.log "Move disk #{ndisks} from peg #{start_peg} to #{end_peg}"
    hanoi(ndisks-1, staging_peg, end_peg)
 
hanoi(4)

Common Lisp

(defun move (n from to via)
  (cond ((= n 1)
         (format t "Move from ~A to ~A.~%" from to))
        (t
         (move (- n 1) from via to)
         (format t "Move from ~A to ~A.~%" from to)
         (move (- n 1) via to from))))

D

Recursive Version

import std.stdio;

void hanoi(in int n, in char from, in char to, in char via) {
    if (n > 0) {
        hanoi(n - 1, from, via, to);
        writefln("Move disk %d from %s to %s", n, from, to);
        hanoi(n - 1, via, to, from);
    }
}

void main() {
    hanoi(3, 'L', 'M', 'R');
}
Output:
Move disk 1 from L to M
Move disk 2 from L to R
Move disk 1 from M to R
Move disk 3 from L to M
Move disk 1 from R to L
Move disk 2 from R to M
Move disk 1 from L to M

Fast Iterative Version

See: The shortest and "mysterious" TH algorithm

// Code found and then improved by Glenn C. Rhoads,
// then some more by M. Kolar (2000).
void main(in string[] args) {
    import core.stdc.stdio, std.conv, std.typetuple;

    immutable size_t n = (args.length > 1) ? args[1].to!size_t : 3;
    size_t[3] p = [(1 << n) - 1, 0, 0];

    // Show the start configuration of the pegs.
    '|'.putchar;
    foreach_reverse (immutable i; 1 .. n + 1)
        printf(" %d", i);
    "\n|\n|".puts;

    foreach (immutable size_t x; 1 .. (1 << n)) {
        {
            immutable size_t i1 = x & (x - 1);
            immutable size_t fr = (i1 + i1 / 3) & 3;
            immutable size_t i2 = (x | (x - 1)) + 1;
            immutable size_t to = (i2 + i2 / 3) & 3;

            size_t j = 1;
            for (size_t w = x; !(w & 1); w >>= 1, j <<= 1) {}

            // Now j is not the number of the disk to move,
            // it contains the single bit to be moved:
            p[fr] &= ~j;
            p[to] |= j;
        }

        // Show the current configuration of pegs.
        foreach (immutable size_t k; TypeTuple!(0, 1, 2)) {
            "\n|".printf;
            size_t j = 1 << n;
            foreach_reverse (immutable size_t w; 1 .. n + 1) {
                j >>= 1;
                if (j & p[k])
                    printf(" %zd", w);
            }
        }
        '\n'.putchar;
    }
}
Output:
| 3 2 1
|
|

| 3 2
|
| 1

| 3
| 2
| 1

| 3
| 2 1
|

|
| 2 1
| 3

| 1
| 2
| 3

| 1
|
| 3 2

|
|
| 3 2 1

Dart

main() { 
  moveit(from,to) {
    print("move ${from} ---> ${to}");
  }

  hanoi(height,toPole,fromPole,usePole) {
    if (height>0) {
      hanoi(height-1,usePole,fromPole,toPole);  
      moveit(fromPole,toPole);
      hanoi(height-1,toPole,usePole,fromPole);
    }
  }

  hanoi(3,3,1,2);
}

The same as above, with optional static type annotations and styled according to http://www.dartlang.org/articles/style-guide/

main() {
  String say(String from, String to) => "$from ---> $to"; 

  hanoi(int height, int toPole, int fromPole, int usePole) {
    if (height > 0) {
      hanoi(height - 1, usePole, fromPole, toPole);  
      print(say(fromPole.toString(), toPole.toString()));
      hanoi(height - 1, toPole, usePole, fromPole);
    }
  }

  hanoi(3, 3, 1, 2);
}
Output:
move 1 ---> 3
move 1 ---> 2
move 3 ---> 2
move 1 ---> 3
move 2 ---> 1
move 2 ---> 3
move 1 ---> 3

Dc

From Here

 [ # move(from, to)
    n           # print from
    [ --> ]n    # print " --> "
    p           # print to\n
    sw          # p doesn't pop, so get rid of the value
 ]sm
 
 [ # init(n)
    sw          # tuck n away temporarily
    9           # sentinel as bottom of stack
    lw          # bring n back
    1           # "from" tower's label
    3           # "to" tower's label
    0           # processed marker
 ]si
 
 [ # Move()
    lt          # push to
    lf          # push from
    lmx         # call move(from, to)
 ]sM
 
 [ # code block <d>
    ln          # push n
    lf          # push from
    lt          # push to
    1           # push processed marker 1
    ln          # push n
    1           # push 1
    -           # n - 1
    lf          # push from
    ll          # push left
    0           # push processed marker 0
 ]sd
 
 [ # code block <e>
    ln          # push n
    1           # push 1
    -           # n - 1
    ll          # push left
    lt          # push to
    0           # push processed marker 0
 ]se
 
 [ # code block <x>
    ln 1 =M
    ln 1 !=d
 ]sx
 
 [ # code block <y>
    lMx
    lex
 ]sy
 
 [ # quit()
    q           # exit the program
 ]sq
 
 [ # run()
    d 9 =q      # if stack empty, quit()
    sp          # processed
    st          # to
    sf          # from
    sn          # n
    6           #
    lf          #
    -           #
    lt          #
    -           # 6 - from - to
    sl          #
    lp 0 =x     #
    lp 0 !=y    #
    lrx         # loop
 ]sr
 
 5lix # init(n)
 lrx # run()

Delphi

See Pascal.

Draco

proc move(byte n, src, via, dest) void:
    if n>0 then
        move(n-1, src, dest, via);
        writeln("Move disk from pole ",src," to pole ",dest);
        move(n-1, via, src, dest)
    fi
corp

proc nonrec main() void: 
    move(4, 1, 2, 3) 
corp
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

Dyalect

Translation of: Swift
func hanoi(n, a, b, c) {
    if n > 0 {
        hanoi(n - 1, a, c, b)
        print("Move disk from \(a) to \(c)")
        hanoi(n - 1, b, a, c)
    }
}
 
hanoi(4, "A", "B", "C")
Output:
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from C to A
Move disk from C to B
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from B to A
Move disk from C to A
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C

E

def move(out, n, fromPeg, toPeg, viaPeg) {
    if (n.aboveZero()) {
        move(out, n.previous(), fromPeg, viaPeg, toPeg)
        out.println(`Move disk $n from $fromPeg to $toPeg.`)
        move(out, n.previous(), viaPeg, toPeg, fromPeg)
    }
}

move(stdout, 4, def left {}, def right {}, def middle {})

EasyLang

proc hanoi n src dst aux . .
   if n >= 1
      hanoi n - 1 src aux dst
      print "Move " & src & " to " & dst
      hanoi n - 1 aux dst src
   .
.
hanoi 5 1 2 3

EDSAC order code

The Wikipedia article on EDSAC says "recursive calls were forbidden", and this is true if the standard "Wheeler jump" is used. In the Wheeler jump, the caller (in effect) passes the return address to the subroutine, which uses that address to manufacture a "link order", i.e. a jump back to the caller. This link order is normally stored at a fixed location in the subroutine, so if the subroutine were to call itself then the original link order would be overwritten and lost. However, it is easy enough to make a subroutine save its link orders in a stack, so that it can be called recursively, as the Rosetta Code task requires.

The program has a maximum of 9 discs, so as to simplify the printout of the disc numbers. Discs are numbered 1, 2, 3, ... in increasing order of size. The program could be speeded up by shortening the messages, which at present take up most of the runtime.

[Towers of Hanoi task for Rosetta Code.]
[EDSAC program, Initial Orders 2.]

            T100K   [load program at location 100 (arbitrary)]
            GK
[Number of discs, in the address field]
      [0]   P3F     [<--- edit here, value 1..9]
[Letters to represent the rods]
      [1]   LF      [left]
      [2]   CF      [centre]
      [3]   RF      [right]

[Main routine. Enter with acc = 0]
      [4]   T1F     [1F := 0]
      [5]   A5@     [initialize recursive subroutine]
            G104@
            A@      [number of discs]
            T1F     [pass to subroutines]
            A1@     [source rod]
            T4F     [pass to subroutines]
            A3@     [target rod]
            T5F     [pass to subroutines]
     [13]   A13@    [call subroutine to write header ]
            G18@
     [15]   A15@    [call recursive subroutine to write moves ]
            G104@
            ZF      [stop]

[Subroutine to write a header]
[Input:  1F = number of discs (in the address field)]
        [4F = letter for starting rod]
        [5F = letter for ending rod]
[Output: None. 1F, 4F, 5F must be preserved.]
     [18]   A3F     [plant return link as usual]
            T35@
            A1F     [number of discs]
            L512F   [shift 11 left to make output char]
            T39@    [plant in message]
            A4F     [starting rod]
            T53@    [plant in message]
            A5F     [ending rod]
            T58@    [plant in message]
            A36@    [O order for first char of message]
            E30@    [skip next order (code for 'O' is positive)]
     [29]   A37@    [restore acc after test below]
     [30]   U31@    [plant order to write next character]
     [31]   OF      [(planted) write next character]
            A2F     [inc address in previous order]
            S37@    [finished yet?]
            G29@    [if not, loop back]
     [35]   ZF      [(planted) exit with acc = 0]
     [36]   O38@    [O order for start of message]
     [37]   O61@    [O order for exclusive end of message]
     [38]   #F
     [39]   PFK2048F!FDFIFSFCFSF!FFFRFOFMF!F
     [53]   PF!FTFOF!F
     [58]   PF@F&F
     [61]

[Subroutine to write a move of one disc.]
[Input:  1F = disc number 1..9 (in the address field)]
        [4F = letter for source rod]
        [5F = letter for target rod]
[Output: None. 1F, 4F, 5F must be preserved.]
[Condensed to save space; very similar to previous subroutine.]
     [61]   A3FT78@A1FL512FT88@ A4FT96@A5FT101@A79@E73@
     [72]   A80@
     [73]   U74@
     [74]   OFA2FS80@G72@
     [78]   ZF      [(planted) exit with acc = 0]
     [79]   O81@
     [80]   O104@
     [81]   K2048FMFOFVFEF!F#F
     [88]   PFK2048F!FFFRFOFMF!F
     [96]   PF!FTFOF!F
    [101]   PF@F&F
    [104]

[Recursive subroutine to move discs 1..n, where 1 <= n <= 9.]
[Call with n = 0 to initialize.]
[Input:  1F = n (in the address field)]
        [4F = letter for source rod]
        [5F = letter for target rod]
[Output: None. 1F, 4F, 5F must be preserved.]
    [104]   A3F     [plant link as usual ]
            T167@
[The link will be saved in a stack if recursive calls are required.]
            S1F     [load -n]
            G115@   [jump if n > 0]
[Here if n = 0. Initialize; no recursive calls.]
            A169@   [initialize push order to start of stack]
            T122@
            A1@     [find total of the codes for the rod letters]
            A2@
            A3@
            T168@   [store for future use]
            E167@   [jump to link]
[Here with acc = -n in address field]
    [115]   A2F     [add 1]
            G120@   [jump if n > 1]
[Here if n = 1. Just write the move; no recursive calls.]
    [117]   A117@   [call write subroutine]
            G61@
            E167@   [jump to link]
[Here if n > 1. Recursive calls are required.]
    [120]   TF      [clear acc]
            A167@   [load link order]
    [122]   TF      [(planted) push link order onto stack]
            A122@   [inc address in previous order]
            A2F
            T122@
[First recursive call. Modify parameters 1F and 5F; 4F stays the same]
            A1F     [load n]
            S2F     [make n - 1]
            T1F     [pass as parameter]
            A168@   [get 3rd rod, neither source nor target]
            S4F
            S5F
            T5F
    [133]   A133@   [recursive call]
            G104@
[Returned, restore parameters]
            A1F
            A2F
            T1F
            A168@
            S4F
            S5F
            T5F
[Write move of largest disc]
    [142]   A142@
            G61@
[Second recursive call. Modify parameters 1F and 4F; 5F stays the same]
[Condensed to save space; very similar to first recursice call.]
            A1FS2FT1FA168@S4FS5FT4F
    [151]   A151@G104@A1FA2FT1FA168@S4FS5FT4F
[Pop return link off stack]
            A122@   [dec address in push order]
            S2F
            U122@
            A170@   [make A order with same address]
            T165@   [plant in code]
    [165]   AF      [(planted) pop return link from stack]
            T167@   [plant in code]
    [167]   ZF      [(planted) return to caller]
[Constants]
    [168]   PF      [(planted) sum of letters for rods]
    [169]   T171@   [T order for start of stack]
    [170]   MF      [add to T order to make A order, same address]
[Stack: placed at end of program, grows into free space.]
    [171]
            E4Z     [define entry point]
            PF      [acc = 0 on entry]
[end]
Output:
3 DISCS FROM L TO R
MOVE 1 FROM L TO R
MOVE 2 FROM L TO C
MOVE 1 FROM R TO C
MOVE 3 FROM L TO R
MOVE 1 FROM C TO L
MOVE 2 FROM C TO R
MOVE 1 FROM L TO R

Eiffel

class
	APPLICATION

create
	make

feature {NONE} -- Initialization

	make
		do
			move (4, "A", "B", "C")
		end

feature -- Towers of Hanoi

	move (n: INTEGER; frm, to, via: STRING)
		require
			n > 0
	    do
			if n = 1 then
    			print ("Move disk from pole " + frm + " to pole " + to + "%N")
    		else
    			move (n - 1, frm, via, to)
    			move (1, frm, to, via)
    			move (n - 1, via, to, frm)
	        end
	    end
end

Ela

Translation of: Haskell
open monad io
:::IO

//Functional approach
hanoi 0 _ _ _ = []
hanoi n a b c = hanoi (n - 1) a c b ++ [(a,b)] ++ hanoi (n - 1) c b a

hanoiIO n = mapM_ f $ hanoi n 1 2 3 where
  f (x,y) = putStrLn $ "Move " ++ show x ++ " to " ++ show y

//Imperative approach using IO monad
hanoiM n = hanoiM' n 1 2 3 where
  hanoiM' 0 _ _ _ = return ()
  hanoiM' n a b c = do
    hanoiM' (n - 1) a c b
    putStrLn $ "Move " ++ show a ++ " to " ++ show b
    hanoiM' (n - 1) c b a

Elena

ELENA 4.x :

move = (n,from,to,via)
{
    if (n == 1)
    {
        console.printLine("Move disk from pole ",from," to pole ",to)
    }
    else
    {
        move(n-1,from,via,to);
        move(1,from,to,via);
        move(n-1,via,to,from)
    }
};

Elixir

defmodule RC do
  def hanoi(n) when 0<n and n<10, do: hanoi(n, 1, 2, 3)
  
  defp hanoi(1, f, _, t), do: move(f, t)
  defp hanoi(n, f, u, t) do
    hanoi(n-1, f, t, u)
    move(f, t)
    hanoi(n-1, u, f, t)
  end
  
  defp move(f, t), do: IO.puts "Move disk from #{f} to #{t}"
end

RC.hanoi(3)
Output:
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 3

Emacs Lisp

Translation of: Common Lisp
(defun move (n from to via)
  (if (= n 1)
      (message "Move from %S to %S" from to)
    (move (- n 1) from via to)
    (message "Move from %S to %S" from to)
    (move (- n 1) via to from)))

EMal

Translation of: C#
fun move = void by int n, int from, int to, int via
  if n == 1
    writeLine("Move disk from pole " + from + " to pole " + to)
    return
  end
  move(n - 1, from, via, to)
  move(1, from, to, via)
  move(n - 1, via, to, from)
end
move(3, 1, 2, 3)
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2

Erlang

move(1, F, T, _V) -> 
  io:format("Move from ~p to ~p~n", [F, T]);
move(N, F, T, V) -> 
  move(N-1, F, V, T), 
  move(1  , F, T, V),
  move(N-1, V, T, F).

ERRE

!-----------------------------------------------------------
! HANOI.R : solve tower of Hanoi puzzle using a recursive 
! modified algorithm.
!-----------------------------------------------------------

PROGRAM HANOI

!$INTEGER

!VAR I,J,MOSSE,NUMBER

PROCEDURE PRINTMOVE
  LOCAL SOURCE$,DEST$
  MOSSE=MOSSE+1
  CASE I OF
     1-> SOURCE$="Left" END ->
     2-> SOURCE$="Center" END ->
     3-> SOURCE$="Right" END ->
  END CASE
  CASE J OF
     1-> DEST$="Left" END ->
     2-> DEST$="Center" END ->
     3-> DEST$="Right" END ->
  END CASE
  PRINT("I move a disk from ";SOURCE$;" to ";DEST$)
END PROCEDURE

PROCEDURE MOVE
  IF NUMBER<>0 THEN
     NUMBER=NUMBER-1
     J=6-I-J
     MOVE
     J=6-I-J
     PRINTMOVE
     I=6-I-J
     MOVE
     I=6-I-J
     NUMBER=NUMBER+1
  END IF
END PROCEDURE

BEGIN
  MAXNUM=12
  MOSSE=0
  PRINT(CHR$(12);TAB(25);"--- TOWERS OF HANOI ---")
  REPEAT
     PRINT("Number of disks ";)
     INPUT(NUMBER)
  UNTIL NUMBER>1 AND NUMBER<=MAXNUM
  PRINT
  PRINT("For ";NUMBER;"disks the total number of moves is";2^NUMBER-1)
  I=1  ! number of source pole
  J=3  ! number of destination pole
  MOVE
END PROGRAM
Output:
                        --- TOWER OF HANOI ---
Number of disks ? 3

For  3 disks the total number of moves is 7
I move a disk from Left to Right
I move a disk from Left to Center
I move a disk from Right to Center
I move a disk from Left to Right
I move a disk from Center to Left
I move a disk from Center to Right
I move a disk from Left to Right

Excel

LAMBDA

With the names HANOI and SHOWHANOI bound to the following lambdas in the Excel worksheet Name Manager:

(See LAMBDA: The ultimate Excel worksheet function)

SHOWHANOI
=LAMBDA(n,
    FILTERP(
        LAMBDA(x, "" <> x)
    )(
        HANOI(n)("left")("right")("mid")
    )
)


HANOI
=LAMBDA(n,
    LAMBDA(l,
        LAMBDA(r,
            LAMBDA(m,
                IF(0 = n,
                    "",
                    LET(
                        next, n - 1,
                        APPEND(
                            APPEND(
                                HANOI(next)(l)(m)(r)
                            )(
                                CONCAT(l, " -> ", r)
                            )
                        )(
                            HANOI(next)(m)(r)(l)
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        )
    )
)

And assuming that these generic lambdas are also bound to the following names in Name Manager:

APPEND
=LAMBDA(xs,
    LAMBDA(ys,
        LET(
            nx, ROWS(xs),
            rowIndexes, SEQUENCE(nx + ROWS(ys)),
            colIndexes, SEQUENCE(
                1,
                MAX(COLUMNS(xs), COLUMNS(ys))
            ),
            IF(
                rowIndexes <= nx,
                INDEX(xs, rowIndexes, colIndexes),
                INDEX(ys, rowIndexes - nx, colIndexes)
            )
        )
    )
)


FILTERP
=LAMBDA(p,
    LAMBDA(xs,
        FILTER(xs, p(xs))
    )
)

In the output below, the expression in B2 defines an array of strings which additionally populate the following cells.

Output:
fx =SHOWHANOI(A2)
A B
1 Disks Steps
2 3 left -> right
3 left -> mid
4 right -> mid
5 left -> right
6 mid -> left
7 mid -> right
8 left -> right

Ezhil

# (C) 2013 Ezhil Language Project
# Tower of Hanoi – recursive solution

நிரல்பாகம் ஹோனாய்(வட்டுகள், முதல்அச்சு, இறுதிஅச்சு,வட்டு)

  @(வட்டுகள் == 1 ) ஆனால்
     பதிப்பி  வட்டு  + str(வட்டு) +  \t  ( + str(முதல்அச்சு) +   >  +  str(இறுதிஅச்சு)+ ) அச்சிற்கு நகர்த்துக.
  இல்லை

  @( ["இ", "அ",  "ஆ"]  இல் அச்சு ) ஒவ்வொன்றாக
          @( (முதல்அச்சு != அச்சு)  && (இறுதிஅச்சு  != அச்சு) ) ஆனால்
              நடு = அச்சு
          முடி
  முடி

    # solve problem for n-1 again between src and temp pegs                      
    ஹோனாய்(வட்டுகள்-1,   முதல்அச்சு,நடு,வட்டுகள்-1)

    # move largest disk from src to destination
    ஹோனாய்(1, முதல்அச்சு, இறுதிஅச்சு,வட்டுகள்)

    # solve problem for n-1 again between different pegs
    ஹோனாய்(வட்டுகள்-1, நடு, இறுதிஅச்சு,வட்டுகள்-1)
  முடி
முடி

ஹோனாய்(4,,,0)

F#

#light
let rec hanoi num start finish =
  match num with
  | 0 -> [ ]
  | _ -> let temp = (6 - start - finish)
         (hanoi (num-1) start temp) @ [ start, finish ] @ (hanoi (num-1) temp finish)

[<EntryPoint>]
let main args =
  (hanoi 4 1 2) |> List.iter (fun pair -> match pair with
                                          | a, b -> printf "Move disc from %A to %A\n" a b)
  0

Factor

USING: formatting kernel locals math ;
IN: rosettacode.hanoi

: move ( from to -- )
    "%d->%d\n" printf ;
:: hanoi ( n from to other -- )
    n 0 > [
        n 1 - from other to hanoi
        from to move
        n 1 - other to from hanoi
    ] when ;

In the REPL:

( scratchpad ) 3 1 3 2 hanoi
1->3
1->2
3->2
1->3
2->1
2->3
1->3

FALSE

["Move disk from "$!\" to "$!\"
"]p:  { to from }
[n;0>[n;1-n: @\ h;! @\ p;! \@ h;! \@ n;1+n:]?]h:  { via to from }
4n:["right"]["middle"]["left"]h;!%%%

Fermat

Func Hanoi( n, f, t, v ) = 
if n = 0 then 
    !'';
else 
    Hanoi(n - 1, f, v, t); 
    !f;!' -> ';!t;!',   ';
    Hanoi(n - 1, v, t, f)  
fi.
Output:
1 -> 3,   1 -> 2,   3 -> 2,   1 -> 3,   2 -> 1,   2 -> 3,   1 -> 3,   1 -> 2,   3 -> 2,   3 -> 1,   2 -> 1,   3 -> 2,   1 -> 3,   1 -> 2,   3 -> 2,

FOCAL

01.10 S N=4;S S=1;S V=2;S T=3
01.20 D 2
01.30 Q

02.02 S N(D)=N(D)-1;I (N(D)),2.2,2.04
02.04 S D=D+1
02.06 S N(D)=N(D-1);S S(D)=S(D-1)
02.08 S T(D)=V(D-1);S V(D)=T(D-1)
02.10 D 2
02.12 S D=D-1
02.14 D 3
02.16 S A=S(D);S S(D)=V(D);S V(D)=A
02.18 G 2.02
02.20 D 3

03.10 T %1,"MOVE DISK FROM POLE",S(D)
03.20 T " TO POLE",T(D),!
Output:
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 1 TO POLE= 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 1 TO POLE= 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 2 TO POLE= 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 1 TO POLE= 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 3 TO POLE= 1
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 3 TO POLE= 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 1 TO POLE= 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 1 TO POLE= 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 2 TO POLE= 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 2 TO POLE= 1
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 3 TO POLE= 1
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 2 TO POLE= 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 1 TO POLE= 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 1 TO POLE= 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE= 2 TO POLE= 3

Forth

With locals:

CREATE peg1 ," left "   
CREATE peg2 ," middle " 
CREATE peg3 ," right " 

: .$   COUNT TYPE ;
: MOVE-DISK 
  LOCALS| via to from n | 
  n 1 =
  IF   CR ." Move disk from " from .$ ." to " to .$ 
  ELSE n 1- from via to RECURSE 
       1    from to via RECURSE 
       n 1- via to from RECURSE 
  THEN ;

Without locals, executable pegs:

: left   ." left" ;
: right  ." right" ;
: middle ." middle" ;

: move-disk ( v t f n -- v t f )
  dup 0= if drop exit then
  1-       >R
  rot swap R@ ( t v f n-1 ) recurse
  rot swap
  2dup cr ." Move disk from " execute ."  to " execute
  swap rot R> ( f t v n-1 ) recurse
  swap rot ;
: hanoi ( n -- )
  1 max >R ['] right ['] middle ['] left R> move-disk drop drop drop ;

Fortran

Works with: Fortran version 90 and later
PROGRAM TOWER
                             
  CALL Move(4, 1, 2, 3)
                
CONTAINS

  RECURSIVE SUBROUTINE Move(ndisks, from, to, via)
    INTEGER, INTENT (IN) :: ndisks, from, to, via
   
    IF (ndisks == 1) THEN
       WRITE(*, "(A,I1,A,I1)") "Move disk from pole ", from, " to pole ", to
    ELSE
       CALL Move(ndisks-1, from, via, to)
       CALL Move(1, from, to, via)
       CALL Move(ndisks-1, via, to, from)
    END IF
  END SUBROUTINE Move

END PROGRAM TOWER

Template:More informative version

PROGRAM TOWER2
 
  CALL Move(4, 1, 2, 3)
 
CONTAINS
 
  RECURSIVE SUBROUTINE Move(ndisks, from, via, to)
    INTEGER, INTENT (IN) :: ndisks, from, via, to
 
    IF (ndisks > 1) THEN
       CALL Move(ndisks-1, from, to, via)
       WRITE(*, "(A,I1,A,I1,A,I1)") "Move disk ", ndisks, "  from pole ", from, " to pole ", to
       Call Move(ndisks-1,via,from,to)
    ELSE
       WRITE(*, "(A,I1,A,I1,A,I1)") "Move disk ", ndisks, "  from pole ", from, " to pole ", to
    END IF
  END SUBROUTINE Move
 
END PROGRAM TOWER2

FreeBASIC

' FB 1.05.0 Win64

Sub move(n As Integer, from As Integer, to_ As Integer, via As Integer)
  If n > 0 Then
    move(n - 1, from, via, to_)
    Print "Move disk"; n; " from pole"; from; " to pole"; to_
    move(n - 1, via, to_, from)
  End If
End Sub

Print "Three disks" : Print
move 3, 1, 2, 3 
Print 
Print "Four disks" : Print
move 4, 1, 2, 3
Print "Press any key to quit"
Sleep
Output:
Three disks

Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk 2 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 1 from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk 3 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk 1 from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk 2 from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 2

Four disks

Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 2 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk 1 from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk 3 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 1 from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk 2 from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 4 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk 1 from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk 2 from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk 1 from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk 3 from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 2 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk 1 from pole 3 to pole 2

Frink

/** Set up the recursive call for n disks */
hanoi[n] := hanoi[n, 1, 3, 2]

/** The recursive call. */
hanoi[n, source, target, aux] :=
{
   if n > 0
   {                       
      hanoi[n-1, source, aux, target]                          
      println["Move from $source to $target"]                                                                     
      hanoi[n-1, aux, target, source]
   }
}

hanoi[7]

FutureBasic

window 1, @"Towers of Hanoi", ( 0, 0, 300, 300 )

void local fn Move( n as long, fromPeg as long, toPeg as long, viaPeg as long )
  if n > 0
    fn Move( n-1, fromPeg, viaPeg, toPeg )
    print "Move disk from "; fromPeg; " to "; toPeg
    fn Move( n-1, viaPeg, toPeg, fromPeg )
  end if
end fn

fn Move( 4, 1, 2, 3 )
print
print "Towers of Hanoi puzzle solved."

HandleEvents

Output:

Move disk from  1 to  3
Move disk from  1 to  2
Move disk from  3 to  2
Move disk from  1 to  3
Move disk from  2 to  1
Move disk from  2 to  3
Move disk from  1 to  3
Move disk from  1 to  2
Move disk from  3 to  2
Move disk from  3 to  1
Move disk from  2 to  1
Move disk from  3 to  2
Move disk from  1 to  3
Move disk from  1 to  2
Move disk from  3 to  2

Towers of Hanoi puzzle solved.

Fōrmulæ

Fōrmulæ programs are not textual, visualization/edition of programs is done showing/manipulating structures but not text. Moreover, there can be multiple visual representations of the same program. Even though it is possible to have textual representation —i.e. XML, JSON— they are intended for storage and transfer purposes more than visualization and edition.

Programs in Fōrmulæ are created/edited online in its website.

In this page you can see and run the program(s) related to this task and their results. You can also change either the programs or the parameters they are called with, for experimentation, but remember that these programs were created with the main purpose of showing a clear solution of the task, and they generally lack any kind of validation.

Solution

Test case

Gambas

Translation of: FreeBASIC
Public Sub Main() 
  
  Print "Three disks\n"
  move_(3, 1, 2, 3)
  Print  
  Print "Four disks\n"
  move_(4, 1, 2, 3)
  
End 

Public Sub move_(n As Integer, from As Integer, to As Integer, via As Integer) 

  If n > 0 Then 
    move_(n - 1, from, via, to) 
    Print "Move disk "; n; " from pole "; from; " to pole "; to 
    move_(n - 1, via, to, from) 
  End If 

End Sub
Output:
Same as FreeBASIC entry.

GAP

Hanoi := function(n)
	local move;
	move := function(n, a, b, c) # from, through, to
		if n = 1 then
			Print(a, " -> ", c, "\n");
		else
			move(n - 1, a, c, b);
			move(1, a, b, c);
			move(n - 1, b, a, c);
		fi;
	end;
	move(n, "A", "B", "C");
end;

Hanoi(1);
# A -> C

Hanoi(2);
# A -> B
# A -> C
# B -> C

Hanoi(3);
# A -> C
# A -> B
# C -> B
# A -> C
# B -> A
# B -> C
# A -> C

Go

package main

import "fmt"

// a towers of hanoi solver just has one method, play
type solver interface {
    play(int)
}

func main() {
    var t solver    // declare variable of solver type
    t = new(towers) // type towers must satisfy solver interface
    t.play(4)
}

// towers is example of type satisfying solver interface
type towers struct {
    // an empty struct.  some other solver might fill this with some
    // data representation, maybe for algorithm validation, or maybe for
    // visualization.
}

// play is sole method required to implement solver type
func (t *towers) play(n int) {
    // drive recursive solution, per task description
    t.moveN(n, 1, 2, 3)
}

// recursive algorithm
func (t *towers) moveN(n, from, to, via int) {
    if n > 0 {
        t.moveN(n-1, from, via, to)
        t.move1(from, to)
        t.moveN(n-1, via, to, from)
    }
}

// example function prints actions to screen.
// enhance with validation or visualization as needed.
func (t *towers) move1(from, to int) {
    fmt.Println("move disk from rod", from, "to rod", to)
}

In other words:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	move(3, "A", "B", "C")
}

func move(n uint64, a, b, c string) {
	if n > 0 {
		move(n-1, a, c, b)
		fmt.Println("Move disk from " + a + " to " + c)
		move(n-1, b, a, c)
	}
}

Groovy

Unlike most solutions here this solution manipulates more-or-less actual stacks of more-or-less actual rings.

def tail = { list, n ->  def m = list.size(); list.subList([m - n, 0].max(),m) }

final STACK = [A:[],B:[],C:[]].asImmutable()

def report = { it -> }
def check = { it -> }

def moveRing = { from, to ->  to << from.pop(); report(); check(to) }

def moveStack
moveStack = { from, to, using = STACK.values().find { !(it.is(from) || it.is(to)) } ->
    if (!from) return
    def n = from.size()
    moveStack(tail(from, n-1), using, to)
    moveRing(from, to)
    moveStack(tail(using, n-1), to, from)
}

Test program:

enum Ring {
    S('°'), M('o'), L('O'), XL('( )');
    private sym
    private Ring(sym) { this.sym=sym }
    String toString() { sym }
}

report = { STACK.each { k, v ->  println "${k}: ${v}" }; println() }
check = { to -> assert to == ([] + to).sort().reverse() }

Ring.values().reverseEach { STACK.A << it }
report()
check(STACK.A)
moveStack(STACK.A, STACK.C)
Output:
A: [( ), O, o, °]
B: []
C: []

A: [( ), O, o]
B: [°]
C: []

A: [( ), O]
B: [°]
C: [o]

A: [( ), O]
B: []
C: [o, °]

A: [( )]
B: [O]
C: [o, °]

A: [( ), °]
B: [O]
C: [o]

A: [( ), °]
B: [O, o]
C: []

A: [( )]
B: [O, o, °]
C: []

A: []
B: [O, o, °]
C: [( )]

A: []
B: [O, o]
C: [( ), °]

A: [o]
B: [O]
C: [( ), °]

A: [o, °]
B: [O]
C: [( )]

A: [o, °]
B: []
C: [( ), O]

A: [o]
B: [°]
C: [( ), O]

A: []
B: [°]
C: [( ), O, o]

A: []
B: []
C: [( ), O, o, °]

Haskell

Most of the programs on this page use an imperative approach (i.e., print out movements as side effects during program execution). Haskell favors a purely functional approach, where you would for example return a (lazy) list of movements from a to b via c:

hanoi :: Integer -> a -> a -> a -> [(a, a)]
hanoi 0 _ _ _ = []
hanoi n a b c = hanoi (n-1) a c b ++ [(a,b)] ++ hanoi (n-1) c b a

You can also do the above with one tail-recursion call:

hanoi :: Integer -> a -> a -> a -> [(a, a)]

hanoi n a b c = hanoiToList n a b c []
  where
    hanoiToList 0 _ _ _ l = l
    hanoiToList n a b c l = hanoiToList (n-1) a c b ((a, b) : hanoiToList (n-1) c b a l)

One can use this function to produce output, just like the other programs:

hanoiIO n = mapM_ f $ hanoi n 1 2 3 where
  f (x,y) = putStrLn $ "Move " ++ show x ++ " to " ++ show y

or, instead, one can of course also program imperatively, using the IO monad directly:

hanoiM :: Integer -> IO ()
hanoiM n = hanoiM' n 1 2 3 where
  hanoiM' 0 _ _ _ = return ()
  hanoiM' n a b c = do
    hanoiM' (n-1) a c b
    putStrLn $ "Move " ++ show a ++ " to " ++ show b
    hanoiM' (n-1) c b a

or, defining it as a monoid, and adding some output:

-------------------------- HANOI -------------------------

hanoi ::
  Int ->
  String ->
  String ->
  String ->
  [(String, String)]
hanoi 0 _ _ _ = mempty
hanoi n l r m =
  hanoi (n - 1) l m r
    <> [(l, r)]
    <> hanoi (n - 1) m r l

--------------------------- TEST -------------------------
main :: IO ()
main = putStrLn $ showHanoi 5

------------------------- DISPLAY ------------------------
showHanoi :: Int -> String
showHanoi n =
  unlines $
    fmap
      ( \(from, to) ->
          concat [justifyRight 5 ' ' from, " -> ", to]
      )
      (hanoi n "left" "right" "mid")

justifyRight :: Int -> Char -> String -> String
justifyRight n c = (drop . length) <*> (replicate n c <>)
Output:
 left -> right
 left -> mid
right -> mid
 left -> right
  mid -> left
  mid -> right
 left -> right
 left -> mid
right -> mid
right -> left
  mid -> left
right -> mid
 left -> right
 left -> mid
right -> mid
 left -> right
  mid -> left
  mid -> right
 left -> right
  mid -> left
right -> mid
right -> left
  mid -> left
  mid -> right
 left -> right
 left -> mid
right -> mid
 left -> right
  mid -> left
  mid -> right
 left -> right

HolyC

Translation of: C
U0 Move(U8 n, U8 from, U8 to, U8 via) {
  if (n > 0) {
    Move(n - 1, from, via, to);
    Print("Move disk from pole %d to pole %d\n", from, to);
    Move(n - 1, via, to, from);
  }
}

Move(4, 1, 2, 3);

Icon and Unicon

The following is based on a solution in the Unicon book.

procedure main(arglist)
hanoi(arglist[1]) | stop("Usage: hanoi n\n\rWhere n is the number of disks to move.")
end

#procedure hanoi(n:integer, needle1:1, needle2:2)   # unicon shorthand for icon code 1,2,3 below

procedure hanoi(n, needle1, needle2)   #: solve towers of hanoi by moving  n disks from needle 1 to needle2 via other
local other

n := integer(0 < n) | runerr(n,101)       # 1 ensure integer (this also ensures it's positive too)
/needle1 := 1                             # 2 default
/needle2 := 2                             # 3 default

if n = 1 then
   write("Move disk from ", needle1, " to ", needle2)
else {
   other := 6 - needle1 - needle2         # clever but somewhat un-iconish way to find other
   hanoi(n-1, needle1, other)             
   write("Move disk from ", needle1, " to ", needle2)
   hanoi(n-1, other, needle2)            
}
return
end

Imp77

%begin
  %routine do hanoi(%integer n, f, t, u)
    do hanoi(n - 1, f, u, t) %if n >= 2
    print string("Move disk from ".itos(f,0)." to ".itos(t,0).to string(nl))
    do hanoi(n - 1, u, t, f) %if n >= 2
  %end
  do hanoi(4, 1, 2, 3)
  print string("Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!".to string(nl))
%end %of %program
Output:
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!

Inform 7

Hanoi is a room.

A post is a kind of supporter. A post is always fixed in place.

The left post, the middle post, and the right post are posts in Hanoi.

A disk is a kind of supporter.
The red disk is a disk on the left post.
The orange disk is a disk on the red disk.
The yellow disk is a disk on the orange disk.
The green disk is a disk on the yellow disk.

Definition: a disk is topmost if nothing is on it.

When play begins:
	move 4 disks from the left post to the right post via the middle post.

To move (N - number) disk/disks from (FP - post) to (TP - post) via (VP - post):
	if N > 0:
		move N - 1 disks from FP to VP via TP;
		say "Moving a disk from [FP] to [TP]...";
		let D be a random topmost disk enclosed by FP;
		if a topmost disk (called TD) is enclosed by TP, now D is on TD;
		otherwise now D is on TP;
		move N - 1 disks from VP to TP via FP.

Io

hanoi := method(n, from, to, via,
  if (n == 1) then (
    writeln("Move from ", from, " to ", to)
  ) else (
    hanoi(n - 1, from, via, to  )
    hanoi(1    , from, to , via )
    hanoi(n - 1, via , to , from)
  )
)

Ioke

 = method(n, f, u, t,
  if(n < 2,
    "#{f} --> #{t}" println,

    H(n - 1, f, t, u)
    "#{f} --> #{t}" println
    H(n - 1, u, f, t)
  )
)

hanoi = method(n,
  H(n, 1, 2, 3)
)

J

Solutions

H =: i.@,&2 ` (({&0 2 1,0 2,{&1 0 2)@$:@<:) @. *    NB. tacit using anonymous recursion
Example use:
   H 3
0 2
0 1
2 1
0 2
1 2
1 0
2 0

The result is a 2-column table; a row i,j is interpreted as: move a disk (the top disk) from peg i to peg j . Or, using explicit rather than implicit code:

H1=: monad define                                   NB. explicit equivalent of H
  if. y do.
    ({&0 2 1 , 0 2 , {&1 0 2) H1 y-1
  else.
    i.0 2
  end.
)

The usage here is the same:

   H1 2
0 1
0 2
1 2
Alternative solution

If a textual display is desired, similar to some of the other solutions here (counting from 1 instead of 0, tracking which disk is on the top of the stack, and of course formatting the result for a human reader instead of providing a numeric result):

hanoi=: monad define
  moves=. H y
  disks=.  $~` ((],[,]) $:@<:) @.* y
  ('move disk ';' from peg ';' to peg ');@,."1 ":&.>disks,.1+moves
)
Demonstration:
   hanoi 3
move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 3
move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 2
move disk 1 from peg 3 to peg 2
move disk 3 from peg 1 to peg 3
move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 1
move disk 2 from peg 2 to peg 3
move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 3

Java

public void move(int n, int from, int to, int via) {
  if (n == 1) {
    System.out.println("Move disk from pole " + from + " to pole " + to);
  } else {
    move(n - 1, from, via, to);
    move(1, from, to, via);
    move(n - 1, via, to, from);
  }
}

Where n is the number of disks to move and from, to, and via are the poles.

Example use:
move(3, 1, 2, 3);
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2

JavaScript

ES5

function move(n, a, b, c) {
  if (n > 0) {
    move(n-1, a, c, b);
    console.log("Move disk from " + a + " to " + c);
    move(n-1, b, a, c);
  }
}
move(4, "A", "B", "C");


Or, as a functional expression, rather than a statement with side effects:

(function () {

    // hanoi :: Int -> String -> String -> String -> [[String, String]]
    function hanoi(n, a, b, c) {
        return n ? hanoi(n - 1, a, c, b)
            .concat([
                [a, b]
            ])
            .concat(hanoi(n - 1, c, b, a)) : [];
    }

    return hanoi(3, 'left', 'right', 'mid')
        .map(function (d) {
            return d[0] + ' -> ' + d[1];
        });
})();
Output:
["left -> right", "left -> mid",
 "right -> mid", "left -> right", 
 "mid -> left", "mid -> right", 
 "left -> right"]

ES6

(() => {
    "use strict";

    // ----------------- TOWERS OF HANOI -----------------

    // hanoi :: Int -> String -> String ->
    // String -> [[String, String]]
    const hanoi = n =>
        (a, b, c) => {
            const go = hanoi(n - 1);

            return n
                ? [
                    ...go(a, c, b),
                    [a, b],
                    ...go(c, b, a)
                ]
                : [];
        };


    // ---------------------- TEST -----------------------
    return hanoi(3)("left", "right", "mid")
    .map(d => `${d[0]} -> ${d[1]}`)
    .join("\n");
})();
Output:
left -> right
left -> mid
right -> mid
left -> right
mid -> left
mid -> right
left -> right

Joy

DEFINE hanoi == [[rolldown] infra] dip 
[[[null] [pop pop] ] 
 [[dup2 [[rotate] infra] dip pred] 
 [[dup rest put] dip 
  [[swap] infra] dip pred] 
 []]] 
condnestrec.

Using it (5 is the number of disks.)

[source destination temp] 5 hanoi.

jq

Works with: jq version 1.4

The algorithm used here is used elsewhere on this page but it is worthwhile pointing out that it can also be read as a proof that:

(a) move(n;"A";"B";"C") will logically succeed for n>=0; and

(b) move(n;"A";"B";"C") will generate the sequence of moves, assuming sufficient computing resources.

The proof of (a) is by induction:

  • As explained in the comments, the algorithm establishes that move(n;x;y;z) is possible for all n>=0 and distinct x,y,z if move(n-1;x;y;z)) is possible;
  • Since move(0;x;y;z) evidently succeeds, (a) is established by induction.


The truth of (b) follows from the fact that the algorithm emits an instruction of what to do when moving a single disk.

# n is the number of disks to move from From to To
def move(n; From; To; Via):
  if n > 0 then
     # move all but the largest at From to Via (according to the rules):
     move(n-1; From; Via; To),
     # ... so the largest disk at From is now free to move to its final destination:
     "Move disk from \(From) to \(To)",
     # Move the remaining disks at Via to To:
     move(n-1; Via; To; From)
  else empty
  end;

Example:

move(5; "A"; "B"; "C")

Jsish

From Javascript ES5 entry.

/* Towers of Hanoi, in Jsish */

function move(n, a, b, c) {
  if (n > 0) {
    move(n-1, a, c, b);
    puts("Move disk from " + a + " to " + c);
    move(n-1, b, a, c);
  }
}

if (Interp.conf('unitTest')) move(4, "A", "B", "C");

/*
=!EXPECTSTART!=
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from C to A
Move disk from C to B
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from B to A
Move disk from C to A
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
=!EXPECTEND!=
*/
Output:
prompt$ jsish -u towersOfHanoi.jsi
[PASS] towersOfHanoi.jsi

Julia

Translation of: R
function solve(n::Integer, from::Integer, to::Integer, via::Integer)
  if n == 1
    println("Move disk from $from to $to")
  else
    solve(n - 1, from, via, to)
    solve(1, from, to, via)
    solve(n - 1, via, to, from)
  end
end

solve(4, 1, 2, 3)
Output:
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2

K

   h:{[n;a;b;c]if[n>0;_f[n-1;a;c;b];`0:,//$($n,":",$a,"->",$b,"\n");_f[n-1;c;b;a]]}
   h[4;1;2;3]
1:1->3
2:1->2
1:3->2
3:1->3
1:2->1
2:2->3
1:1->3
4:1->2
1:3->2
2:3->1
1:2->1
3:3->2
1:1->3
2:1->2
1:3->2

The disk to move in the i'th step is the same as the position of the leftmost 1 in the binary representation of 1..2^n.

   s:();{[n;a;b;c]if[n>0;_f[n-1;a;c;b];s,:n;_f[n-1;c;b;a]]}[4;1;2;3];s
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 2 1

   1_{*1+&|x}'a:(2_vs!_2^4)
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 2 1

Klingphix

Translation of: MiniScript
include ..\Utilitys.tlhy

:moveDisc %B !B %C !C %A !A %n !n { n A C B }
    $n [
        $n 1 - $A $B $C moveDisc
        ( "Move disc " $n " from pole " $A " to pole " $C ) lprint nl
        $n 1 - $B $C $A moveDisc
    ] if
;
 
{ Move disc 3 from pole 1 to pole 3, with pole 2 as spare }
3 1 3 2 moveDisc

" " input
Output:
Move disc 1 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disc 2 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disc 1 from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disc 3 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disc 1 from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disc 2 from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disc 1 from pole 1 to pole 3

Kotlin

// version 1.1.0

class Hanoi(disks: Int) {
    private var moves = 0

    init {
        println("Towers of Hanoi with $disks disks:\n")
        move(disks, 'L', 'C', 'R')
        println("\nCompleted in $moves moves\n")
    }

    private fun move(n: Int, from: Char, to: Char, via: Char) {
        if (n > 0) {
            move(n - 1, from, via, to)
            moves++
            println("Move disk $n from $from to $to")
            move(n - 1, via, to, from)
        }
    }
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    Hanoi(3)
    Hanoi(4)
}
Output:
Towers of Hanoi with 3 disks:

Move disk 1 from L to C
Move disk 2 from L to R
Move disk 1 from C to R
Move disk 3 from L to C
Move disk 1 from R to L
Move disk 2 from R to C
Move disk 1 from L to C

Completed in 7 moves

Towers of Hanoi with 4 disks:

Move disk 1 from L to R
Move disk 2 from L to C
Move disk 1 from R to C
Move disk 3 from L to R
Move disk 1 from C to L
Move disk 2 from C to R
Move disk 1 from L to R
Move disk 4 from L to C
Move disk 1 from R to C
Move disk 2 from R to L
Move disk 1 from C to L
Move disk 3 from R to C
Move disk 1 from L to R
Move disk 2 from L to C
Move disk 1 from R to C

Completed in 15 moves

Lambdatalk

PSEUDO-CODE:

hanoi disks from A to B via C
  if no disks
  then stop
  else hanoi upper disks from A to C via B
       move  lower disk  from A to B 
       hanoi upper disks from C to B via A

CODE:

{def hanoi          
 {lambda {:disks :a :b :c}
  {if {A.empty? :disks} 
   then
   else {hanoi {A.rest :disks} :a :c :b}
        {div > move {A.first :disks} from :a to :b}
        {hanoi {A.rest :disks} :c :b :a} }}} 
-> hanoi

{hanoi {A.new ==== === == =} A B C}  
->  
> move = from A to C  
> move == from A to B  
> move = from C to B  
> move === from A to C  
> move = from B to A  
> move == from B to C  
> move = from A to C  
> move ==== from A to B  
> move = from C to B  
> move == from C to A  
> move = from B to A  
> move === from C to B  
> move = from A to C  
> move == from A to B  
> move = from C to B

Lasso

#!/usr/bin/lasso9

define towermove(
	disks::integer,
	a,b,c
) => {
	if(#disks > 0) => {
		towermove(#disks - 1, #a, #c, #b )
		stdoutnl("Move disk from " + #a + " to " + #c)
		towermove(#disks - 1, #b, #a, #c )
	}
}

towermove((integer($argv -> second || 3)), "A", "B", "C")

Called from command line:

./towers
Output:
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from C to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to A
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to C

Called from command line:

./towers 4
Output:
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from C to A
Move disk from C to B
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from B to A
Move disk from C to A
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C

Liberty BASIC

This looks much better with a GUI interface.

   source$ ="A"
    via$    ="B"
    target$ ="C"

    call hanoi 4, source$, target$, via$        '   ie call procedure to move legally 4 disks from peg A to peg C via peg B

    wait

    sub hanoi numDisks, source$, target$, via$
        if numDisks =0 then
            exit sub
        else
            call hanoi numDisks -1, source$, via$, target$
            print " Move disk "; numDisks; " from peg "; source$; " to peg "; target$
            call hanoi numDisks -1, via$, target$, source$
        end if
    end sub

    end

Lingo

on hanoi (n, a, b, c)
  if n > 0 then
    hanoi(n-1, a, c, b)
    put "Move disk from" && a && "to" && c
    hanoi(n-1, b, a, c)
  end if
end
hanoi(3, "A", "B", "C")
-- "Move disk from A to C"
-- "Move disk from A to B"
-- "Move disk from C to B"
-- "Move disk from A to C"
-- "Move disk from B to A"
-- "Move disk from B to C"
-- "Move disk from A to C"

to move :n :from :to :via
  if :n = 0 [stop]
  move :n-1 :from :via :to
  (print [Move disk from] :from [to] :to)
  move :n-1 :via :to :from
end
move 4 "left "middle "right

Logtalk

:- object(hanoi).

    :- public(run/1).
    :- mode(run(+integer), one).
    :- info(run/1, [
        comment is 'Solves the towers of Hanoi problem for the specified number of disks.',
        argnames is ['Disks']]).

    run(Disks) :-
        move(Disks, left, middle, right).

    move(1, Left, _, Right):-
        !,
        report(Left, Right).
    move(Disks, Left, Aux, Right):-
        Disks2 is Disks - 1,
        move(Disks2, Left, Right, Aux),
        report(Left, Right),
        move(Disks2, Aux, Left, Right).

    report(Pole1, Pole2):-
        write('Move a disk from '),
        writeq(Pole1),
        write(' to '),
        writeq(Pole2),
        write('.'),
        nl.

:- end_object.

LOLCODE

HAI 1.2
 
HOW IZ I HANOI YR N AN YR SRC AN YR DST AN YR VIA
    BTW VISIBLE SMOOSH "HANOI N=" N " SRC=" SRC " DST=" DST " VIA=" VIA MKAY
    BOTH SAEM N AN 0, O RLY?
        YA RLY
            BTW VISIBLE "Done."
            GTFO
        NO WAI
            I HAS A LOWER ITZ DIFF OF N AN 1
            I IZ HANOI YR LOWER AN YR SRC AN YR VIA AN YR DST MKAY
            VISIBLE SMOOSH "Move disc " N " from " SRC " to " DST MKAY
            I IZ HANOI YR LOWER AN YR VIA AN YR DST AN YR SRC MKAY
    OIC
IF U SAY SO
 
I IZ HANOI YR 4 AN YR 1 AN YR 2 AN YR 3  MKAY
 
KTHXBYE

Lua

function move(n, src, dst, via)
    if n > 0 then
        move(n - 1, src, via, dst)
        print(src, 'to', dst)
        move(n - 1, via, dst, src)
    end
end

move(4, 1, 2, 3)

Template:More informative version

function move(n, src, via, dst)
    if n > 0 then
        move(n - 1, src, dst, via)
        print('Disk ',n,' from ' ,src, 'to', dst)
        move(n - 1, via, src, dst)
        
    end
end
 
move(4, 1, 2, 3)

Hanoi Iterative

#!/usr/bin/env luajit
local function printf(fmt, ...) io.write(string.format(fmt, ...)) end
local runs=0
local function move(tower, from, to)
	if #tower[from]==0 
		or (#tower[to]>0 
		and tower[from][#tower[from]]>tower[to][#tower[to]]) then
			to,from=from,to
	end
	if #tower[from]>0 then
		tower[to][#tower[to]+1]=tower[from][#tower[from]]
		tower[from][#tower[from]]=nil

		io.write(tower[to][#tower[to]],":",from, "→", to, " ")
	end
end

local function hanoi(n)
	local src,dst,via={},{},{}
	local tower={src,dst,via}
	for i=1,n do src[i]=n-i+1 end
	local one,nxt,lst
	if n%2==1 then -- odd
		one,nxt,lst=1,2,3
	else
		one,nxt,lst=1,3,2
	end
	--repeat
	::loop::
		move(tower, one, nxt)
		if #dst==n then return end
		move(tower, one, lst)
		one,nxt,lst=nxt,lst,one
	goto loop
	--until false
end

local num=arg[1] and tonumber(arg[1]) or 4

hanoi(num)
Output:
> ./hanoi_iter.lua 5
1:1→2 2:1→3 1:2→3 3:1→2 1:3→1 2:3→2 1:1→2 4:1→3 1:2→3 2:2→1 1:3→1 3:2→3 1:1→2 2:1→3 1:2→3 5:1→2 1:3→1 2:3→2 1:1→2 3:3→1 1:2→3 2:2→1 1:3→1 4:3→2 1:1→2 2:1→3 1:2→3 3:1→2 1:3→1 2:3→2 1:1→2

Hanoi Bitwise Fast

#!/usr/bin/env luajit
-- binary solution
local bit=require"bit"
local band,bor=bit.band,bit.bor
local function hanoi(n)
	local even=(n-1)%2
	for m=1,2^n-1 do
		io.write(m,":",band(m,m-1)%3+1, "→", (bor(m,m-1)+1)%3+1, " ")
	end
end

local num=arg[1] and tonumber(arg[1]) or 4

hanoi(num)
Output:
> ./hanoi_bit.lua 4
1:1→3 2:1→2 3:3→2 4:1→3 5:2→1 6:2→3 7:1→3 8:1→2 9:3→2 10:3→1 11:2→1 12:3→2 13:1→3 14:1→2 15:3→2 
> time ./hanoi_bit.lua 30 >/dev/null  ; on AMD FX-8350 @ 4 GHz
./hanoi_bit.lua 30 > /dev/null  297,40s user 1,39s system 99% cpu 4:59,01 total

M2000 Interpreter

Translation of: FreeBasic
Module Hanoi {
      Rem HANOI TOWERS
      Print "Three disks" : Print
      move(3, 1, 2, 3)
      Print 
      Print "Four disks" : Print
      move(4, 1, 2, 3)
      
      
      Sub move(n, from, to, via)
            If n <=0 Then Exit Sub
            move(n - 1, from, via, to)
            Print "Move disk"; n; " from pole"; from; " to pole"; to
            move(n - 1, via, to, from)
      End Sub
}
Hanoi
Output:

same as in FreeBasic

MACRO-11

        .TITLE  HANOI
        .MCALL  .PRINT,.EXIT
HANOI:: MOV     #4,R2
        MOV     #61,R3
        MOV     #62,R4
        MOV     #63,R5
        JSR     PC,MOVE
        .EXIT
MOVE:   DEC     R2
        BLT     1$
        MOV     R2,-(SP)
        MOV     R3,-(SP)
        MOV     R4,-(SP)
        MOV     R5,-(SP)
        MOV     R5,R0
        MOV     R4,R5
        MOV     R0,R4
        JSR     PC,MOVE
        MOV     (SP)+,R5
        MOV     (SP)+,R4
        MOV     (SP)+,R3
        MOV     (SP)+,R2
        MOVB    R3,3$
        MOVB    R4,4$
        .PRINT  #2$
        MOV     R3,R0
        MOV     R4,R3
        MOV     R5,R4
        MOV     R0,R5
        BR      MOVE
1$:     RTS     PC
2$:     .ASCII  /MOVE DISK FROM PEG /
3$:     .ASCII  /* TO PEG /
4$:     .ASCIZ  /*/
        .EVEN
        .END    HANOI
Output:
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 1 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 1 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 2 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 1 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 3 TO PEG 1
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 3 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 2 TO PEG 1
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 1 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 2 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 2 TO PEG 1
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 1 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 2 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 3 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 3 TO PEG 1
MOVE DISK FROM PEG 1 TO PEG 2

MAD

            NORMAL MODE IS INTEGER
            DIMENSION LIST(100)
            SET LIST TO LIST
            
            VECTOR VALUES MOVFMT = 
          0  $20HMOVE DISK FROM POLE ,I1,S1,8HTO POLE ,I1*$
           
            INTERNAL FUNCTION(DUMMY)
            ENTRY TO MOVE.
LOOP        NUM = NUM - 1
            WHENEVER NUM.E.0
                PRINT FORMAT MOVFMT,FROM,DEST
            OTHERWISE
                SAVE RETURN
                SAVE DATA NUM,FROM,VIA,DEST
                TEMP=DEST
                DEST=VIA
                VIA=TEMP
                MOVE.(0)
                RESTORE DATA NUM,FROM,VIA,DEST
                RESTORE RETURN
                PRINT FORMAT MOVFMT,FROM,DEST
                TEMP=FROM
                FROM=VIA
                VIA=TEMP
                TRANSFER TO LOOP
            END OF CONDITIONAL
            FUNCTION RETURN
            END OF FUNCTION
            
            NUM  = 4
            FROM = 1
            VIA  = 2
            DEST = 3
            MOVE.(0)
            
            END OF PROGRAM
Output:
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 1 TO POLE 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 1 TO POLE 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 2 TO POLE 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 1 TO POLE 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 3 TO POLE 1
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 3 TO POLE 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 1 TO POLE 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 1 TO POLE 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 2 TO POLE 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 2 TO POLE 1
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 3 TO POLE 1
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 2 TO POLE 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 1 TO POLE 2
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 1 TO POLE 3
MOVE DISK FROM POLE 2 TO POLE 3

Maple

Hanoi := proc(n::posint,a,b,c)
   if n = 1 then
       printf("Move disk from tower %a to tower %a.\n",a,c);
   else
       Hanoi(n-1,a,c,b);
       Hanoi(1,a,b,c);
       Hanoi(n-1,b,a,c);
    fi;
end:

printf("Moving 2 disks from tower A to tower C using tower B.\n");
Hanoi(2,A,B,C);
Output:

Moving 2 disks from tower A to tower C using tower B.

Move disk from tower A to tower B.

Move disk from tower A to tower C.

Move disk from tower B to tower C.

Mathematica /Wolfram Language

Hanoi[0, from_, to_, via_] := Null  
Hanoi[n_Integer, from_, to_, via_] := (Hanoi[n-1, from, via, to];Print["Move disk from pole ", from, " to ", to, "."];Hanoi[n-1, via, to, from])

MATLAB

This is a direct translation from the Python example given in the Wikipedia entry for the Tower of Hanoi puzzle.

function towerOfHanoi(n,A,C,B)
    if (n~=0)
        towerOfHanoi(n-1,A,B,C);
        disp(sprintf('Move plate %d from tower %d to tower %d',[n A C]));
        towerOfHanoi(n-1,B,C,A);
    end
end
Sample output:
towerOfHanoi(3,1,3,2)
Move plate 1 from tower 1 to tower 3
Move plate 2 from tower 1 to tower 2
Move plate 1 from tower 3 to tower 2
Move plate 3 from tower 1 to tower 3
Move plate 1 from tower 2 to tower 1
Move plate 2 from tower 2 to tower 3
Move plate 1 from tower 1 to tower 3

MiniScript

moveDisc = function(n, A, C, B)
    if n == 0 then return
    moveDisc n-1, A, B, C
    print "Move disc " + n + " from pole " + A + " to pole " + C
    moveDisc n-1, B, C, A
end function

// Move disc 3 from pole 1 to pole 3, with pole 2 as spare
moveDisc 3, 1, 3, 2
Output:
Move disc 1 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disc 2 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disc 1 from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disc 3 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disc 1 from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disc 2 from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disc 1 from pole 1 to pole 3

Miranda

main :: [sys_message]
main = [Stdout (lay (map showmove (move 4 1 2 3)))]

showmove :: (num,num)->[char]
showmove (src,dest)
    = "Move disk from pole " ++ show src ++ " to pole " ++ show dest

move :: num->*->*->*->[(*,*)]
move n src via dest
    = [], if n=0
    = left ++ [(src,dest)] ++ right, otherwise
      where left  = move (n-1) src dest via
            right = move (n-1) via src dest
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

MIPS Assembly

# Towers of Hanoi
# MIPS assembly implementation (tested with MARS)
# Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50382420/hanoi-towers-recursive-solution-using-mips/50383530#50383530

.data
prompt: .asciiz "Enter a number: "
part1: .asciiz "\nMove disk "
part2: .asciiz " from rod "
part3: .asciiz " to rod "

.text
.globl main
main:
    li $v0,  4          # print string
    la $a0,  prompt
    syscall
    li $v0,  5          # read integer
    syscall

    # parameters for the routine
    add $a0, $v0, $zero # move to $a0
    li $a1, 'A'
    li $a2, 'B'
    li $a3, 'C'

    jal hanoi           # call hanoi routine

    li $v0, 10          # exit
    syscall

hanoi:

    #save in stack
    addi $sp, $sp, -20 
    sw   $ra, 0($sp)
    sw   $s0, 4($sp)
    sw   $s1, 8($sp)
    sw   $s2, 12($sp)
    sw   $s3, 16($sp)

    add $s0, $a0, $zero
    add $s1, $a1, $zero
    add $s2, $a2, $zero
    add $s3, $a3, $zero

    addi $t1, $zero, 1
    beq $s0, $t1, output

    recur1:

        addi $a0, $s0, -1
        add $a1, $s1, $zero
        add $a2, $s3, $zero
        add $a3, $s2, $zero
        jal hanoi

        j output

    recur2:

        addi $a0, $s0, -1
        add $a1, $s3, $zero
        add $a2, $s2, $zero
        add $a3, $s1, $zero
        jal hanoi

    exithanoi:

        lw   $ra, 0($sp)        # restore registers from stack
        lw   $s0, 4($sp)
        lw   $s1, 8($sp)
        lw   $s2, 12($sp)
        lw   $s3, 16($sp)

        addi $sp, $sp, 20       # restore stack pointer

        jr $ra

    output:

        li $v0,  4              # print string
        la $a0,  part1
        syscall
        li $v0,  1              # print integer
        add $a0, $s0, $zero
        syscall
        li $v0,  4              # print string
        la $a0,  part2
        syscall
        li $v0,  11             # print character
        add $a0, $s1, $zero
        syscall
        li $v0,  4              # print string
        la $a0,  part3
        syscall
        li $v0,  11             # print character
        add $a0, $s2, $zero
        syscall

        beq $s0, $t1, exithanoi
        j recur2

МК-61/52

^	2	x^y	П0	<->	2	/	{x}	x#0	16
3	П3	2	П2	БП	20	3	П2	2	П3
1	П1	ПП	25	КППB	ПП	28	КППA	ПП	31
КППB	ПП	34	КППA	ИП1	ИП3	КППC	ИП1	ИП2	КППC
ИП3	ИП2	КППC	ИП1	ИП3	КППC	ИП2	ИП1	КППC	ИП2
ИП3	КППC	ИП1	ИП3	КППC	В/О	ИП1	ИП2	БП	62
ИП2	ИП1	КППC	ИП1	ИП2	ИП3	П1	->	П3	->
П2	В/О	1	0	/	+	С/П	КИП0	ИП0	x=0
89	3	3	1	ИНВ	^	ВП	2	С/П	В/О

Instruction: РA = 56; РB = 60; РC = 72; N В/О С/П, where 2 <= N <= 7.

Modula-2

MODULE Towers;
FROM FormatString IMPORT FormatString;
FROM Terminal IMPORT WriteString,ReadChar;

PROCEDURE Move(n,from,to,via : INTEGER);
VAR buf : ARRAY[0..63] OF CHAR;
BEGIN
    IF n>0 THEN
        Move(n-1, from, via, to);
        FormatString("Move disk %i from pole %i to pole %i\n", buf, n, from, to);
        WriteString(buf);
        Move(n-1, via, to, from)
    END
END Move;

BEGIN
    Move(3, 1, 3, 2);

    ReadChar
END Towers.

Modula-3

MODULE Hanoi EXPORTS Main;

FROM IO IMPORT Put;
FROM Fmt IMPORT Int;

PROCEDURE doHanoi(n, from, to, using: INTEGER) =
  BEGIN
    IF n > 0 THEN
      doHanoi(n - 1, from, using, to);
      Put("move " & Int(from) & " --> " & Int(to) & "\n");
      doHanoi(n - 1, using, to, from);
    END;
  END doHanoi;

BEGIN
  doHanoi(4, 1, 2, 3);
END Hanoi.

Monte

def move(n, fromPeg, toPeg, viaPeg):
    if (n > 0):
        move(n.previous(), fromPeg, viaPeg, toPeg)
        traceln(`Move disk $n from $fromPeg to $toPeg`)
        move(n.previous(), viaPeg, toPeg, fromPeg)

move(3, "left", "right", "middle")

MoonScript

hanoi = (n, src, dest, via) ->
  if n > 1
    hanoi n-1, src, via, dest
  print "#{src} -> #{dest}"
  if n > 1
    hanoi n-1, via, dest, src

hanoi 4,1,3,2
Output:
1 -> 2
1 -> 3
2 -> 3
1 -> 2
3 -> 1
3 -> 2
1 -> 2
1 -> 3
2 -> 3
2 -> 1
3 -> 1
2 -> 3
1 -> 2
1 -> 3
2 -> 3

Nemerle

using System; 
using System.Console;

module Towers
{
    Hanoi(n : int, from = 1, to = 3, via = 2) : void
    {
        when (n > 0)
        {
            Hanoi(n - 1, from, via, to);
            WriteLine("Move disk from peg {0} to peg {1}", from, to);
            Hanoi(n - 1, via, to, from);
        }
    }
    
    Main() : void
    {
        Hanoi(4)
    } 
}

NetRexx

/* NetRexx */
options replace format comments java crossref symbols binary

runSample(arg)
return

-- 09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)~~
method runSample(arg) private static
  parse arg discs .
  if discs = '', discs < 1 then discs = 4
  say 'Minimum moves to solution:' 2 ** discs - 1
  moves = move(discs)
  say 'Solved in' moves 'moves.'
  return

-- 09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)09:02, 27 August 2022 (UTC)~~
method move(discs = int 4, towerFrom = int 1, towerTo = int 2, towerVia = int 3, moves = int 0) public static
  if discs == 1 then do
    moves = moves + 1
    say 'Move disc from peg' towerFrom 'to peg' towerTo '- Move No:' Rexx(moves).right(5)
    end
  else do
    moves = move(discs - 1, towerFrom, towerVia, towerTo, moves)
    moves = move(1, towerFrom, towerTo, towerVia, moves)
    moves = move(discs - 1, towerVia, towerTo, towerFrom, moves)
    end
  return moves
Output:
Minimum moves to solution: 15
Move disc from peg 1 to peg 3 - Move No:     1
Move disc from peg 1 to peg 2 - Move No:     2
Move disc from peg 3 to peg 2 - Move No:     3
Move disc from peg 1 to peg 3 - Move No:     4
Move disc from peg 2 to peg 1 - Move No:     5
Move disc from peg 2 to peg 3 - Move No:     6
Move disc from peg 1 to peg 3 - Move No:     7
Move disc from peg 1 to peg 2 - Move No:     8
Move disc from peg 3 to peg 2 - Move No:     9
Move disc from peg 3 to peg 1 - Move No:    10
Move disc from peg 2 to peg 1 - Move No:    11
Move disc from peg 3 to peg 2 - Move No:    12
Move disc from peg 1 to peg 3 - Move No:    13
Move disc from peg 1 to peg 2 - Move No:    14
Move disc from peg 3 to peg 2 - Move No:    15
Solved in 15 moves.

NewLISP

(define (move n from to via)
			(if (> n 0) 
				(move (- n 1) from via to
				(print "move disk from pole " from " to pole " to "\n")
				(move (- n 1) via to from))))

(move 4 1 2 3)

Nim

proc hanoi(disks: int; fromTower, toTower, viaTower: string) =
  if disks != 0:
    hanoi(disks - 1, fromTower, viaTower, toTower)
    echo("Move disk ", disks, " from ", fromTower, " to ", toTower)
    hanoi(disks - 1, viaTower, toTower, fromTower)
    
hanoi(4, "1", "2", "3")
Output:
Move disk 1 from 1 to 3
Move disk 2 from 1 to 2
Move disk 1 from 3 to 2
Move disk 3 from 1 to 3
Move disk 1 from 2 to 1
Move disk 2 from 2 to 3
Move disk 1 from 1 to 3
Move disk 4 from 1 to 2
Move disk 1 from 3 to 2
Move disk 2 from 3 to 1
Move disk 1 from 2 to 1
Move disk 3 from 3 to 2
Move disk 1 from 1 to 3
Move disk 2 from 1 to 2
Move disk 1 from 3 to 2

Oberon-2

Translation of: C
MODULE Hanoi;

  IMPORT Out;

  PROCEDURE Move(n,from,via,to:INTEGER);
  BEGIN
    IF n > 1 THEN
      Move(n-1,from,to,via);
      Out.String("Move disk from pole ");
      Out.Int(from,0);
      Out.String(" to pole ");
      Out.Int(to,0);
      Out.Ln;
      Move(n-1,via,from,to);
    ELSE
      Out.String("Move disk from pole ");
      Out.Int(from,0);
      Out.String(" to pole ");
      Out.Int(to,0);
      Out.Ln;
    END;
  END Move;
  
BEGIN
  Move(4,1,2,3);
END Hanoi.
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

Objeck

class Hanoi {
  function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
    Move(4, 1, 2, 3);
  }

  function: Move(n:Int, f:Int, t:Int, v:Int) ~ Nil {
    if(n = 1) {
      "Move disk from pole {$f} to pole {$t}"->PrintLine();
    }
    else {
      Move(n - 1, f, v, t);
      Move(1, f, t, v);
      Move(n - 1, v, t, f);
    };
  }
}

Objective-C

From here

Works with: GNUstep

It should be compatible with XCode/Cocoa on MacOS too.

The Interface - TowersOfHanoi.h:

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface TowersOfHanoi: NSObject {
	int pegFrom;
	int pegTo;
	int pegVia;
	int numDisks;
}

-(void) setPegFrom: (int) from andSetPegTo: (int) to andSetPegVia: (int) via andSetNumDisks: (int) disks;
-(void) movePegFrom: (int) from andMovePegTo: (int) to andMovePegVia: (int) via andWithNumDisks: (int) disks;
@end

The Implementation - TowersOfHanoi.m:

#import "TowersOfHanoi.h"
@implementation TowersOfHanoi

-(void) setPegFrom: (int) from andSetPegTo: (int) to andSetPegVia: (int) via andSetNumDisks: (int) disks {
	pegFrom = from;
	pegTo = to;
	pegVia = via;
	numDisks = disks;
}

-(void) movePegFrom: (int) from andMovePegTo: (int) to andMovePegVia: (int) via andWithNumDisks: (int) disks {
	if (disks == 1) {
            printf("Move disk from pole %i to pole %i\n", from, to);
        } else {
 			[self movePegFrom: from andMovePegTo: via andMovePegVia: to andWithNumDisks: disks-1];
			[self movePegFrom: from andMovePegTo: to andMovePegVia: via andWithNumDisks: 1];
			[self movePegFrom: via andMovePegTo: to andMovePegVia: from andWithNumDisks: disks-1];
        }
}

@end

Test code: TowersTest.m:

#import <stdio.h>
#import "TowersOfHanoi.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
	@autoreleasepool {

		TowersOfHanoi *tower = [[TowersOfHanoi alloc] init];

		int from = 1;
		int to = 3;
		int via = 2;
		int disks = 3;

		[tower setPegFrom: from andSetPegTo: to andSetPegVia: via andSetNumDisks: disks];

		[tower movePegFrom: from andMovePegTo: to andMovePegVia: via andWithNumDisks: disks];

	}
	return 0;
}

OCaml

let rec hanoi n a b c =
  if n <> 0 then begin
    hanoi (pred n) a c b;
    Printf.printf "Move disk from pole %d to pole %d\n" a b;
    hanoi (pred n) c b a
  end

let () =
  hanoi 4 1 2 3

Octave

function hanoimove(ndisks, from, to, via)
  if ( ndisks == 1 )
    printf("Move disk from pole %d to pole %d\n", from, to);
  else
    hanoimove(ndisks-1, from, via, to);
    hanoimove(1, from, to, via);
    hanoimove(ndisks-1, via, to, from);
  endif
endfunction

hanoimove(4, 1, 2, 3);

Oforth

: move(n, from, to, via)
   n 0 > ifTrue: [
      move(n 1-, from, via, to)
      System.Out "Move disk from " << from << " to " << to << cr
      move(n 1-, via, to, from)
      ] ;

5 $left $middle $right) move

Oz

declare
  proc {TowersOfHanoi N From To Via}
     if N > 0 then
        {TowersOfHanoi N-1 From Via To}
        {System.showInfo "Move from "#From#" to "#To}
        {TowersOfHanoi N-1 Via To From}
     end
  end
in
  {TowersOfHanoi 4 left middle right}

PARI/GP

Translation of: Python
\\ Towers of Hanoi
\\ 8/19/2016 aev
\\ Where: n - number of disks, sp - start pole, ep - end pole.
HanoiTowers(n,sp,ep)={
  if(n!=0, 
    HanoiTowers(n-1,sp,6-sp-ep);
    print("Move disk ", n, " from pole ", sp," to pole ", ep);
    HanoiTowers(n-1,6-sp-ep,ep); 
    );
}
\\ Testing n=3:
HanoiTowers(3,1,3);
Output:
> HanoiTower(3,1,3);
Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 2 from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk 1 from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk 3 from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk 1 from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk 2 from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk 1 from pole 1 to pole 3

Pascal

Works with: Free Pascal version 2.0.4

I think it is standard pascal, except for the constant array "strPole". I am not sure if constant arrays are part of the standard. However, as far as I know, they are a "de facto" standard in every compiler.

program Hanoi;
type
  TPole = (tpLeft, tpCenter, tpRight);
const
  strPole:array[TPole] of string[6]=('left','center','right');

 procedure MoveStack (const Ndisks : integer; const Origin,Destination,Auxiliary:TPole);
 begin
  if Ndisks >0 then begin
     MoveStack(Ndisks - 1, Origin,Auxiliary, Destination );
     Writeln('Move disk ',Ndisks ,' from ',strPole[Origin],' to ',strPole[Destination]);
     MoveStack(Ndisks - 1, Auxiliary, Destination, origin);
  end;
 end;

begin
 MoveStack(4,tpLeft,tpCenter,tpRight);
end.

A little longer, but clearer for my taste

program Hanoi;
type
  TPole = (tpLeft, tpCenter, tpRight);
const
  strPole:array[TPole] of string[6]=('left','center','right');

 procedure MoveOneDisk(const DiskNum:integer; const Origin,Destination:TPole);
 begin
  Writeln('Move disk ',DiskNum,' from ',strPole[Origin],' to ',strPole[Destination]);
 end;

 procedure MoveStack (const Ndisks : integer; const Origin,Destination,Auxiliary:TPole);
 begin
  if Ndisks =1 then
       MoveOneDisk(1,origin,Destination)
  else begin
       MoveStack(Ndisks - 1, Origin,Auxiliary, Destination );
       MoveOneDisk(Ndisks,origin,Destination);
       MoveStack(Ndisks - 1, Auxiliary, Destination, origin);
  end;
 end;

begin
 MoveStack(4,tpLeft,tpCenter,tpRight);
end.

PascalABC.NET

## procedure Hanoi(n,rfrom,rto,rwork: integer);
begin
  if n = 0 then
    exit;
  Hanoi(n-1,rfrom,rwork,rto);
  Print($'{rfrom}→{rto} ');
  Hanoi(n-1,rwork,rto,rfrom);
end;
Hanoi(5,1,3,2);
Output:
1→3  1→2  3→2  1→3  2→1  2→3  1→3  1→2  3→2  3→1  2→1  3→2  1→3  1→2  3→2  1→3  2→1  2→3  1→3  2→1  3→2  3→1  2→1  2→3  1→3  1→2  3→2  1→3  2→1  2→3  1→3  

Perl

sub hanoi {
    my ($n, $from, $to, $via) = (@_, 1, 2, 3);

    if ($n == 1) {
        print "Move disk from pole $from to pole $to.\n";
    } else {
        hanoi($n - 1, $from, $via, $to);
        hanoi(1, $from, $to, $via);
        hanoi($n - 1, $via, $to, $from);
    };
};

Phix

constant poles = {"left","middle","right"}
enum               left,  middle,  right
 
sequence disks
integer moves

procedure showpegs(integer src, integer dest)
    string desc = sprintf("%s to %s:",{poles[src],poles[dest]})
    disks[dest] &= disks[src][$]
    disks[src] = disks[src][1..$-1]
    for i=1 to length(disks) do
        printf(1,"%-16s | %s\n",{desc,join(sq_add(disks[i],'0'),' ')})
        desc = ""
    end for
    printf(1,"\n")
    moves += 1
end procedure
 
procedure hanoir(integer n, src=left, dest=right, via=middle)
    if n>0 then
        hanoir(n-1, src, via, dest)
        showpegs(src,dest)
        hanoir(n-1, via, dest, src)
    end if
end procedure
 
procedure hanoi(integer n)
    disks = {reverse(tagset(n)),{},{}}
    moves = 0
    hanoir(n)
    printf(1,"completed in %d moves\n",{moves})
end procedure
 
hanoi(3) -- (output of 4,5,6 also shown)
Output:
left to right:   | 3 2
                 |
                 | 1

left to middle:  | 3
                 | 2
                 | 1

right to middle: | 3
                 | 2 1
                 |

left to right:   |
                 | 2 1
                 | 3

middle to left:  | 1
                 | 2
                 | 3

middle to right: | 1
                 |
                 | 3 2

left to right:   |
                 |
                 | 3 2 1

completed in 7 moves
left to middle:  | 4 3 2
                 | 1
                 |

left to right:   | 4 3
                 | 1
                 | 2

middle to right: | 4 3
                 |
                 | 2 1


   ...


left to middle:  | 2
                 | 1
                 | 4 3

left to right:   |
                 | 1
                 | 4 3 2

middle to right: |
                 |
                 | 4 3 2 1

completed in 15 moves
left to right:   | 5 4 3 2
                 |
                 | 1

left to middle:  | 5 4 3
                 | 2
                 | 1

right to middle: | 5 4 3
                 | 2 1
                 |


    ...


middle to left:  | 1
                 | 2
                 | 5 4 3

middle to right: | 1
                 |
                 | 5 4 3 2

left to right:   |
                 |
                 | 5 4 3 2 1

completed in 31 moves
left to middle:  | 6 5 4 3 2
                 | 1
                 |

left to right:   | 6 5 4 3
                 | 1
                 | 2

middle to right: | 6 5 4 3
                 |
                 | 2 1


    ...


left to middle:  | 2
                 | 1
                 | 6 5 4 3

left to right:   |
                 | 1
                 | 6 5 4 3 2

middle to right: |
                 |
                 | 6 5 4 3 2 1

completed in 63 moves

PHL

Translation of: C
module hanoi;

extern printf;

@Void move(@Integer n, @Integer from, @Integer to, @Integer via) [
	if (n > 0) {
		move(n - 1, from, via, to);
		printf("Move disk from pole %d to pole %d\n", from, to);
		move(n - 1, via, to, from);
	}
]

@Integer main [
	move(4, 1,2,3);
	return 0;
]

PHP

Translation of: Java
function move($n,$from,$to,$via) {
    if ($n === 1) {
        print("Move disk from pole $from to pole $to");
    } else {
        move($n-1,$from,$via,$to);
        move(1,$from,$to,$via);
        move($n-1,$via,$to,$from);
    }
}

Picat

main => 
    hanoi(3, left, center, right).

hanoi(0, _From, _To, _Via) => true.
hanoi(N, From, To, Via) =>
    hanoi(N - 1, From, Via, To),
    printf("Move disk %w from pole %w to pole %w\n", N, From, To),
    hanoi(N - 1, Via, To, From).
Output:
Move disk 1 from pole left to pole center
Move disk 2 from pole left to pole right
Move disk 1 from pole center to pole right
Move disk 3 from pole left to pole center
Move disk 1 from pole right to pole left
Move disk 2 from pole right to pole center
Move disk 1 from pole left to pole center
count=7, theoretical=7

Fast counting

main => 
   hanoi(64).

hanoi(N) => 
   printf("N=%d\n", N),
   Count = move(N, left, center, right) ,
   printf("count=%w, theoretical=%w\n", Count, 2**N-1).
 
table
move(0, _From, _To, _Via) = 0.
move(N, From, To, Via) = Count => 
    Count1 = move(N - 1, From, Via, To),
    Count2 = move(N - 1, Via, To, From),
    Count = Count1+Count2+1.
Output:
N=64
count=18446744073709551615, theoretical=18446744073709551615

PicoLisp

(de move (N A B C)  # Use: (move 3 'left 'center 'right)
   (unless (=0 N)
      (move (dec N) A C B)
      (println 'Move 'disk 'from A 'to B)
      (move (dec N) C B A) ) )

PL/I

Translation of: Fortran
tower: proc options (main);

   call Move (4,1,2,3);

Move: procedure (ndiscs, from, to, via) recursive;
   declare (ndiscs, from, to, via) fixed binary;

   if ndiscs = 1 then
      put skip edit ('Move disc from pole ', trim(from), ' to pole ',
         trim(to) ) (a);
   else
      do;
         call Move (ndiscs-1, from, via, to);
         call Move (1, from, to, via);
         call Move (ndiscs-1, via, to, from);
      end;
end Move;

end tower;

PL/M

Translation of: Tiny BASIC

Iterative solution as PL/M doesn't do recursion.

Works with: 8080 PL/M Compiler

... under CP/M (or an emulator)

100H: /* ITERATIVE TOWERS OF HANOI; TRANSLATED FROM TINY BASIC (VIA ALGOL W) */

   /* CP/M BDOS SYSTEM CALL                                                  */
   BDOS: PROCEDURE( FN, ARG ); DECLARE FN BYTE, ARG ADDRESS; GOTO 5; END;
   /* I/O ROUTINES                                                           */
   PR$CHAR:   PROCEDURE( C ); DECLARE C BYTE;    CALL BDOS( 2, C );  END;
   PR$STRING: PROCEDURE( S ); DECLARE S ADDRESS; CALL BDOS( 9, S );  END;

   DECLARE ( D, N, X, S, T ) ADDRESS;
   /* FIXED NUMBER OF DISCS: 4 */
   N = 1;
   DO D = 1 TO 4;
       N = N + N;
   END;
   DO X = 1 TO N - 1;
       /* AS IN ALGOL W, WE CAN USE PL/M'S BIT ABD MOD OPERATORS             */
       S =   ( X AND ( X - 1 ) )       MOD 3;
       T = ( ( X OR  ( X - 1 ) ) + 1 ) MOD 3;
       CALL PR$STRING( .'MOVE DISC ON PEG $' );
       CALL PR$CHAR( '1' + S );
       CALL PR$STRING( .' TO PEG $' );
       CALL PR$CHAR( '1' + T );
       CALL PR$STRING( .( 0DH, 0AH, '$' ) );
   END;
EOF
Output:
MOVE DISC ON PEG 1 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISC ON PEG 1 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISC ON PEG 3 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISC ON PEG 1 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISC ON PEG 2 TO PEG 1
MOVE DISC ON PEG 2 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISC ON PEG 1 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISC ON PEG 1 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISC ON PEG 3 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISC ON PEG 3 TO PEG 1
MOVE DISC ON PEG 2 TO PEG 1
MOVE DISC ON PEG 3 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISC ON PEG 1 TO PEG 3
MOVE DISC ON PEG 1 TO PEG 2
MOVE DISC ON PEG 3 TO PEG 2

Plain TeX

\newcount\hanoidepth
\def\hanoi#1{%
  \hanoidepth = #1
  \move abc
}%
\def\move#1#2#3{%
  \advance \hanoidepth by -1
  \ifnum \hanoidepth > 0
    \move #1#3#2
  \fi
  Move the upper disk from pole #1 to pole #3.\par
  \ifnum \hanoidepth > 0
    \move#2#1#3
  \fi
  \advance \hanoidepth by 1
}

\hanoi{5}
\end

Pop11

define hanoi(n, src, dst, via);
if n > 0 then
    hanoi(n - 1, src, via, dst);
    'Move disk ' >< n >< ' from ' >< src >< ' to ' >< dst >< '.' =>
    hanoi(n - 1, via, dst, src);
endif;
enddefine;

hanoi(4, "left", "middle", "right");

PostScript

A million-page document, each page showing one move.

%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 300 300

/plate {
        exch 100 mul 50 add exch th mul 10 add moveto
        dup s mul neg 2 div 0 rmoveto
        dup s mul 0 rlineto
        0 th rlineto
        s neg mul 0 rlineto
        closepath gsave .5 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray stroke
} def

/drawtower {
        0 1 2 { /x exch def /y 0 def
                tower x get {
                        dup 0 gt { x y plate /y y 1 add def } {pop} ifelse
                } forall
        } for showpage
} def

/apop { [ exch aload pop /last exch def ] last } def
/apush{ [ 3 1 roll aload pop counttomark -1 roll ] } def

/hanoi {
        0 dict begin /from /mid /to /h 5 -1 2 { -1 roll def } for
        h 1 eq {        
                tower from get apop tower to get apush
                tower to 3 -1 roll put
                tower from 3 -1 roll put
                drawtower
        } {     
                /h h 1 sub def
                from to mid h hanoi
                from mid to 1 hanoi
                mid from to h hanoi
        } ifelse
        end
} def


/n 12 def
/s 90 n div def
/th 180 n div def
/tower [ [n 1 add -1 2 { } for ] [] [] ] def

drawtower 0 1 2 n hanoi

%%EOF

PowerShell

Works with: PowerShell version 4.0
function hanoi($n, $a,  $b, $c) {
    if($n -eq 1) {
        "$a -> $c"
    } else{    
         hanoi ($n - 1) $a $c $b
         hanoi 1 $a $b $c
         hanoi ($n - 1) $b $a $c
    }
}
hanoi 3 "A" "B" "C"

Output:

A -> C
A -> B
C -> B
A -> C
B -> A
B -> C
A -> C

Prolog

From Programming in Prolog by W.F. Clocksin & C.S. Mellish

hanoi(N) :- move(N,left,center,right).

move(0,_,_,_) :- !.
move(N,A,B,C) :-
    M is N-1,
    move(M,A,C,B),
    inform(A,B),
    move(M,C,B,A).

inform(X,Y) :- write([move,a,disk,from,the,X,pole,to,Y,pole]), nl.

Using DCGs and separating core logic from IO

hanoi(N, Src, Aux, Dest, Moves-NMoves) :-
  NMoves is 2^N - 1,
  length(Moves, NMoves),
  phrase(move(N, Src, Aux, Dest), Moves).


move(1, Src, _, Dest) --> !,
  [Src->Dest].

move(2, Src, Aux, Dest) --> !,
  [Src->Aux,Src->Dest,Aux->Dest].

move(N, Src, Aux, Dest) -->
  { succ(N0, N) },
  move(N0, Src, Dest, Aux),
  move(1, Src, Aux, Dest),
  move(N0, Aux, Src, Dest).

PureBasic

Algorithm according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towers_of_Hanoi

Procedure Hanoi(n, A.s, C.s, B.s)
  If n
    Hanoi(n-1, A, B, C)
    PrintN("Move the plate from "+A+" to "+C)
    Hanoi(n-1, B, C, A)
  EndIf
EndProcedure

Full program

Procedure Hanoi(n, A.s, C.s, B.s)
  If n
    Hanoi(n-1, A, B, C)
    PrintN("Move the plate from "+A+" to "+C)
    Hanoi(n-1, B, C, A)
  EndIf
EndProcedure

If OpenConsole()
  Define n=3
  PrintN("Moving "+Str(n)+" pegs."+#CRLF$)
  Hanoi(n,"Left Peg","Middle Peg","Right Peg")
  PrintN(#CRLF$+"Press ENTER to exit."): Input()
EndIf
Output:
Moving 3 pegs.

Move the plate from Left Peg to Middle Peg
Move the plate from Left Peg to Right Peg
Move the plate from Middle Peg to Right Peg
Move the plate from Left Peg to Middle Peg
Move the plate from Right Peg to Left Peg
Move the plate from Right Peg to Middle Peg
Move the plate from Left Peg to Middle Peg

Press ENTER to exit.

Python

Recursive

def hanoi(ndisks, startPeg=1, endPeg=3):
    if ndisks:
        hanoi(ndisks-1, startPeg, 6-startPeg-endPeg)
        print(f"Move disk {ndisks} from peg {startPeg} to peg {endPeg}")
        hanoi(ndisks-1, 6-startPeg-endPeg, endPeg)
 
hanoi(4)
Output:

for ndisks=2

Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3


Or, separating the definition of the data from its display:

Works with: Python version 3.7
'''Towers of Hanoi'''


# hanoi :: Int -> String -> String -> String -> [(String, String)]
def hanoi(n):
    '''A list of (from, to) label pairs,
       where a, b and c are labels for each of the
       three Hanoi tower positions.'''
    def go(n, a, b, c):
        p = n - 1
        return (
            go(p, a, c, b) + [(a, b)] + go(p, c, b, a)
        ) if 0 < n else []
    return lambda a: lambda b: lambda c: go(n, a, b, c)


# TEST ----------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':

    # fromTo :: (String, String) -> String
    def fromTo(xy):
        '''x -> y'''
        x, y = xy
        return x.rjust(5, ' ') + ' -> ' + y

    print(__doc__ + ':\n\n' + '\n'.join(
        map(fromTo, hanoi(4)('left')('right')('mid'))
    ))
Output:
Towers of Hanoi:

 left -> mid
 left -> right
  mid -> right
 left -> mid
right -> left
right -> mid
 left -> mid
 left -> right
  mid -> right
  mid -> left
right -> left
  mid -> right
 left -> mid
 left -> right
  mid -> right

Graphic

Refactoring the version above to recursively generate a simple visualisation:

Works with: Python version 3.7
'''Towers of Hanoi'''

from itertools import accumulate, chain, repeat
from inspect import signature
import operator


# hanoi :: Int -> [(Int, Int)]
def hanoi(n):
    '''A list of index pairs, representing disk moves
       between indexed Hanoi positions.
    '''
    def go(n, a, b, c):
        p = n - 1
        return (
            go(p, a, c, b) + [(a, b)] + go(p, c, b, a)
        ) if 0 < n else []
    return go(n, 0, 2, 1)


# hanoiState :: ([Int],[Int],[Int], String) -> (Int, Int) ->
#               ([Int],[Int],[Int], String)
def hanoiState(tpl, ab):
    '''A new Hanoi tower state'''
    a, b = ab
    xs, ys = tpl[a], tpl[b]

    w = 3 * (2 + (2 * max(map(max, filter(len, tpl[:-1])))))

    def delta(i):
        return tpl[i] if i not in ab else xs[1:] if (
            i == a
        ) else [xs[0]] + ys

    tkns = moveName(('left', 'mid', 'right'))(ab)
    caption = ' '.join(tkns)
    return tuple(map(delta, [0, 1, 2])) + (
        (caption if tkns[0] != 'mid' else caption.rjust(w, ' ')),
    )


# showHanoi :: ([Int],[Int],[Int], String) -> String
def showHanoi(tpl):
    '''Captioned string representation of an updated Hanoi tower state.'''

    def fullHeight(n):
        return lambda xs: list(repeat('', n - len(xs))) + xs

    mul = curry(operator.mul)
    lt = curry(operator.lt)
    rods = fmap(fmap(mul('__')))(
        list(tpl[0:3])
    )
    h = max(map(len, rods))
    w = 2 + max(
        map(
            compose(max)(fmap(len)),
            filter(compose(lt(0))(len), rods)
        )
    )
    xs = fmap(concat)(
        transpose(fmap(
            compose(fmap(center(w)(' ')))(
                fullHeight(h)
            )
        )(rods))
    )
    return tpl[3] + '\n\n' + unlines(xs) + '\n' + ('___' * w)


# moveName :: (String, String, String) -> (Int, Int) -> [String]
def moveName(labels):
    '''(from, to) index pair represented as an a -> b string.'''
    def go(ab):
        a, b = ab
        return [labels[a], ' to ', labels[b]] if a < b else [
            labels[b], ' from ', labels[a]
        ]
    return lambda ab: go(ab)


# TEST ----------------------------------------------------
def main():
    '''Visualisation of a Hanoi tower sequence for N discs.
    '''
    n = 3
    print('Hanoi sequence for ' + str(n) + ' disks:\n')
    print(unlines(
        fmap(showHanoi)(
            scanl(hanoiState)(
                (enumFromTo(1)(n), [], [], '')
            )(hanoi(n))
        )
    ))


# GENERIC -------------------------------------------------

# center :: Int -> Char -> String -> String
def center(n):
    '''String s padded with c to approximate centre,
       fitting in but not truncated to width n.'''
    return lambda c: lambda s: s.center(n, c)


# compose (<<<) :: (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c
def compose(g):
    '''Right to left function composition.'''
    return lambda f: lambda x: g(f(x))


# concat :: [[a]] -> [a]
# concat :: [String] -> String
def concat(xs):
    '''The concatenation of all the elements
       in a list or iterable.'''

    def f(ys):
        zs = list(chain(*ys))
        return ''.join(zs) if isinstance(ys[0], str) else zs

    return (
        f(xs) if isinstance(xs, list) else (
            chain.from_iterable(xs)
        )
    ) if xs else []


# curry :: ((a, b) -> c) -> a -> b -> c
def curry(f):
    '''A curried function derived
       from an uncurried function.'''
    if 1 < len(signature(f).parameters):
        return lambda x: lambda y: f(x, y)
    else:
        return f


# enumFromTo :: (Int, Int) -> [Int]
def enumFromTo(m):
    '''Integer enumeration from m to n.'''
    return lambda n: list(range(m, 1 + n))


# fmap :: (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b]
def fmap(f):
    '''fmap over a list.
       f lifted to a function over a list.
    '''
    return lambda xs: list(map(f, xs))


# scanl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> [a] -> [b]
def scanl(f):
    '''scanl is like reduce, but returns a succession of
       intermediate values, building from the left.
    '''
    return lambda a: lambda xs: (
        accumulate(chain([a], xs), f)
    )


# showLog :: a -> IO String
def showLog(*s):
    '''Arguments printed with
       intercalated arrows.'''
    print(
        ' -> '.join(map(str, s))
    )


# transpose :: Matrix a -> Matrix a
def transpose(m):
    '''The rows and columns of the argument transposed.
       (The matrix containers and rows can be lists or tuples).
    '''
    if m:
        inner = type(m[0])
        z = zip(*m)
        return (type(m))(
            map(inner, z) if tuple != inner else z
        )
    else:
        return m


# unlines :: [String] -> String
def unlines(xs):
    '''A single string derived by the intercalation
       of a list of strings with the newline character.
    '''
    return '\n'.join(xs)


# TEST ----------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
Hanoi sequence for 3 disks:


   __                   
  ____                  
 ______                 
________________________
left  to  right

  ____                  
 ______            __   
________________________
left  to  mid

 ______   ____     __   
________________________
        mid  from  right

           __           
 ______   ____          
________________________
left  to  right

           __           
          ____   ______ 
________________________
left  from  mid

   __     ____   ______ 
________________________
          mid  to  right

                  ____  
   __            ______ 
________________________
left  to  right

                   __   
                  ____  
                 ______ 
________________________

Library: VPython

There is a 3D hanoi-game in the examples that come with VPython, and at github.

Quackery

  [ stack ]                     is rings    (     --> [ )

  [ rings share
    depth share -
    8 * times sp
    emit sp emit sp
    say 'move' cr ]             is echomove ( c c -->   )

  [ dup rings put
    depth put
    char a char b char c
    [ swap decurse
      rot 2dup echomove
      decurse
      swap rot ]
    3 times drop
    depth release
    rings release ]             is hanoi    (   n --> n )

  say 'How to solve a three ring Towers of Hanoi puzzle:' cr cr
  3 hanoi cr
Output:
How to solve a three ring Towers of Hanoi puzzle:

                        a c move
                a b move
                        c b move
        a c move
                        b a move
                b c move
                        a c move
a b move
                        c b move
                c a move
                        b a move
        c b move
                        a c move
                a b move
                        c b move

Quite BASIC

'This is implemented on the Quite BASIC website
'http://www.quitebasic.com/prj/puzzle/towers-of-hanoi/
1000 REM Towers of Hanoi
1010 REM Quite BASIC Puzzle Project
1020 CLS
1030 PRINT "Towers of Hanoi"
1040 PRINT
1050 PRINT "This is a recursive solution for seven discs."
1060 PRINT
1070 PRINT "See the REM statements in the program if you didn't think that recursion was possible in classic BASIC!"
1080 REM Yep, recursive GOSUB calls works in Quite BASIC!  
1090 REM However, to actually write useful recursive algorithms, it helps to have variable scoping and parameters to subroutines -- something classic BASIC is lacking.  In this case we have only one "parameter" -- the variable N.  And subroutines are always called with N-1.  This is lucky for us because we can keep track of the value by decrementing it when we enter subroutines and incrementing it back when we exit.
1100 REM If we had subroutine parameters we could have written a single subroutine for moving discs from peg P to peg Q where P and Q were subroutine parameters, but no such luck.  Instead we have to write six different subroutines for moving from peg to peg.  See Subroutines 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, and 9000.
1110 REM ===============================
2000 REM A, B, and C are arrays holding the discs
2010 REM We refer to the corresponding pegs as peg A, B, and C
2020 ARRAY A
2030 ARRAY B
2040 ARRAY C
2050 REM Fill peg A with seven discs
2060 FOR I = 0 TO 6
2070 LET A[I] = 7 - I
2080 NEXT I
2090 REM X, Y, Z hold the number of discs on pegs A, B, and C
2100 LET X = 7
2110 LET Y = 0
2120 LET Z = 0
2130 REM Disc colors
2140 ARRAY P
2150 LET P[1] = "cyan"
2160 LET P[2] = "blue"
2170 LET P[3] = "green"
2180 LET P[4] = "yellow"
2190 LET P[5] = "magenta"
2200 LET P[6] = "orange"
2210 LET P[7] = "red"
2220 REM Draw initial position -- all discs on the A peg
2230 FOR I = 0 TO 6
2240 FOR J = 8 - A[I] TO 8 + A[I]
2250 PLOT J, I, P[A[I]]
2260 NEXT J
2270 NEXT I 
2280 REM N is the number of discs to move
2290 LET N = 7
2320 REM Move all discs from peg A to peg B
2310 GOSUB 6000
2320 END
3000 REM The subroutines 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900 
3010 REM handle the drawing of the discs on the canvas as we
3020 REM move discs from one peg to another.
3030 REM These subroutines also update the variables X, Y, and Z
3040 REM which hold the number of discs on each peg.
3050 REM ============================== 
3400 REM Subroutine -- Remove disc from peg A
3410 LET X = X - 1
3420 FOR I = 8 - A[X] TO 8 + A[X]
3430 PLOT I, X, "gray"
3440 NEXT I
3450 RETURN
3500 REM Subroutine -- Add disc to peg A
3510 FOR I = 8 - A[X] TO 8 + A[X]
3520 PLOT I, X, P[A[X]]
3530 NEXT I
3540 LET X = X + 1
3550 PAUSE 400 * (5 - LEVEL) + 10 
3560 RETURN
3600 REM Subroutine -- Remove disc from peg B
3610 LET Y = Y - 1
3620 FOR I = 24 - B[Y] TO 24 + B[Y]
3630 PLOT I, Y, "gray"
3640 NEXT I
3650 RETURN
3700 REM Subroutine -- Add disc to peg B
3710 FOR I = 24 - B[Y] TO 24 + B[Y]
3720 PLOT I, Y, P[B[Y]]
3730 NEXT I
3740 LET Y = Y + 1
3750 PAUSE 400 * (5 - LEVEL) + 10 
3760 RETURN
3800 REM Subroutine -- Remove disc from peg C
3810 LET Z = Z - 1
3820 FOR I = 40 - C[Z] TO 40 + C[Z]
3830 PLOT I, Z, "gray"
3840 NEXT I
3850 RETURN
3900 REM Subroutine -- Add disc to peg C
3910 FOR I = 40 - C[Z] TO 40 + C[Z]
3920 PLOT I, Z, P[C[Z]]
3930 NEXT I
3940 LET Z = Z + 1
3950 PAUSE 400 * (5 - LEVEL) + 10 
3960 RETURN
4000 REM ======================================
4010 REM Recursive Subroutine -- move N discs from peg B to peg A
4020 REM First move N-1 discs from peg B to peg C
4030 LET N = N - 1
4040 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 9000
4050 REM Then move one disc from peg B to peg A 
4060 GOSUB 3600
4070 LET A[X] = B[Y]
4080 GOSUB 3500
4090 REM And finally move N-1 discs from peg C to peg A
4100 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 5000
4110 REM Restore N before returning
4120 LET N = N + 1
4130 RETURN
5000 REM ======================================
5010 REM Recursive Subroutine -- Move N discs from peg C to peg A
5020 REM First move N-1 discs from peg C to peg B
5030 LET N = N - 1
5040 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 8000
5050 REM Then move one disc from peg C to peg A
5060 GOSUB 3800
5070 LET A[X] = C[Z]
5080 GOSUB 3500
5090 REM And finally move N-1 discs from peg B to peg A
5100 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 4000
5120 REM Restore N before returning
5130 LET N = N + 1
5140 RETURN
6000 REM ======================================
6000 REM Recursive Subroutine -- Move N discs from peg A to peg B
6010 REM First move N-1 discs from peg A to peg C
6020 LET N = N - 1
6030 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 7000
6040 REM Then move one disc from peg A to peg B
6050 GOSUB 3400
6060 LET B[Y] = A[X]
6070 GOSUB 3700
6090 REM And finally move N-1 discs from peg C to peg B
6100 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 8000
6110 REM Restore N before returning
6120 LET N = N + 1
6130 RETURN
7000 REM ======================================
7010 REM Recursive Subroutine -- Move N discs from peg A to peg C
7020 REM First move N-1 discs from peg A to peg B
7030 LET N = N - 1
7040 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 6000
7050 REM Then move one disc from peg A to peg C
7060 GOSUB 3400
7070 LET C[Z] = A[X]
7080 GOSUB 3900
7090 REM And finally move N-1 discs from peg B to peg C
7100 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 9000
7110 REM Restore N before returning
7120 LET N = N + 1
7130 RETURN
8000 REM ======================================
8010 REM Recursive Subroutine -- Move N discs from peg C to peg B
8020 REM First move N-1 discs from peg C to peg A
8030 LET N = N - 1
8040 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 5000
8050 REM Then move one disc from peg C to peg B
8060 GOSUB 3800
8070 LET B[Y] = C[Z]
8080 GOSUB 3700
8090 REM And finally move N-1 discs from peg A to peg B
8100 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 6000
8110 REM Restore N before returning
8120 LET N = N + 1
8130 RETURN
9000 REM ======================================
9010 REM Recursive Subroutine -- Move N discs from peg B to peg C
9020 REM First move N-1 discs from peg B to peg A
9030 LET N = N - 1
9040 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 4000
9050 REM Then move one disc from peg B to peg C
9060 GOSUB 3600
9070 LET C[Z] = B[Y]
9080 GOSUB 3900
9090 REM And finally move N-1 discs from peg A to peg C
9100 IF N <> 0 THEN GOSUB 7000
9110 REM Restore N before returning
9120 LET N = N + 1
9130 RETURN

R

Translation of: Octave
hanoimove <- function(ndisks, from, to, via) {
  if (ndisks == 1) {
    cat("move disk from", from, "to", to, "\n")
  } else {
    hanoimove(ndisks - 1, from, via, to)
    hanoimove(1, from, to, via)
    hanoimove(ndisks - 1, via, to, from)
  }
}

hanoimove(4, 1, 2, 3)

Racket

#lang racket
(define (hanoi n a b c)
  (when (> n 0)
    (hanoi (- n 1) a c b)
    (printf "Move ~a to ~a\n" a b)
    (hanoi (- n 1) c b a)))
(hanoi 4 'left 'middle 'right)

Raku

(formerly Perl 6)

subset Peg of Int where 1|2|3;

multi hanoi (0,      Peg $a,     Peg $b,     Peg $c)     { }
multi hanoi (Int $n, Peg $a = 1, Peg $b = 2, Peg $c = 3) {
    hanoi $n - 1, $a, $c, $b;
    say "Move $a to $b.";
    hanoi $n - 1, $c, $b, $a;
}

Rascal

Translation of: Python
public void hanoi(ndisks, startPeg, endPeg){
	if(ndisks>0){
		hanoi(ndisks-1, startPeg, 6 - startPeg - endPeg);
		println("Move disk <ndisks> from peg <startPeg> to peg <endPeg>");
		hanoi(ndisks-1, 6 - startPeg - endPeg, endPeg);
	}
}
Output:
rascal>hanoi(4,1,3)
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 3 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 1 from peg 3 to peg 1
Move disk 2 from peg 3 to peg 2
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 4 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 2 from peg 2 to peg 1
Move disk 1 from peg 3 to peg 1
Move disk 3 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3
ok

Raven

Translation of: Python
define hanoi use ndisks, startpeg, endpeg
   ndisks 0 > if
      6 startpeg - endpeg - startpeg ndisks 1 - hanoi
      endpeg startpeg ndisks "Move disk %d from peg %d to peg %d\n" print 
      endpeg 6 startpeg - endpeg - ndisks 1 - hanoi

define dohanoi use ndisks
   # startpeg=1, endpeg=3
   3 1 ndisks hanoi

# 4 disks
4 dohanoi
Output:
raven hanoi.rv 
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 3 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 1 from peg 3 to peg 1
Move disk 2 from peg 3 to peg 2
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 4 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 2 from peg 2 to peg 1
Move disk 1 from peg 3 to peg 1
Move disk 3 from peg 2 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 1 to peg 2
Move disk 2 from peg 1 to peg 3
Move disk 1 from peg 2 to peg 3

REBOL

REBOL [
	Title: "Towers of Hanoi"
	URL: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Towers_of_Hanoi
]

hanoi: func [
	{Begin moving the golden disks from one pole to the next.
	 Note: when last disk moved, the world will end.}
	disks [integer!] "Number of discs on starting pole."
	/poles "Name poles."
	from to via
][
    if disks = 0 [return]
	if not poles [from: 'left  to: 'middle  via: 'right]

    hanoi/poles disks - 1 from via to
	print [from "->" to]
    hanoi/poles disks - 1 via to from
]

hanoi 4
Output:
left -> right
left -> middle
right -> middle
left -> right
middle -> left
middle -> right
left -> right
left -> middle
right -> middle
right -> left
middle -> left
right -> middle
left -> right
left -> middle
right -> middle

Refal

$ENTRY Go {
    = <Move 4 1 2 3>;
};

Move {
    0 e.X = ;
    s.N s.Src s.Via s.Dest, <- s.N 1>: s.Next =
        <Move s.Next s.Src s.Dest s.Via>
        <Prout "Move disk from pole" s.Src "to pole" s.Dest>
        <Move s.Next s.Via s.Src s.Dest>;
};
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

Retro

[[User:Wodan58|Wodan58]] ([[User talk:Wodan58|talk]])
{ 'Num 'From 'To 'Via } [ var ] a:for-each 
 
:set     !Via !To !From !Num ; 
:display @To @From 'Move_a_ring_from_%n_to_%n\n s:format s:put ; 
 
:hanoi (num,from,to,via-) 
  set @Num n:-zero? 
  [ @Num @From @To @Via 
    @Num n:dec @From @Via @To hanoi set display 
    @Num n:dec @Via @To @From hanoi ] if ; 
 
#3 #1 #3 #2 hanoi nl 
[[User:Wodan58|Wodan58]] ([[User talk:Wodan58|talk]])

REXX

simple text moves

/*REXX program  displays  the  moves  to solve  the  Tower of Hanoi  (with  N  disks).  */
parse arg N .                                    /*get optional number of disks from CL.*/
if N=='' | N==","  then N=3                      /*Not specified?  Then use the default.*/
#= 0                                             /*#:  the number of disk moves (so far)*/
z= 2**N  -  1                                    /*Z:   "     "    " minimum # of moves.*/
call mov  1, 3, N                                /*move the top disk,  then recurse ··· */
say                                              /* [↓]  Display the minimum # of moves.*/
say 'The minimum number of moves to solve a '      N"─disk  Tower of Hanoi is "     z
exit                                             /*stick a fork in it,  we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
mov: procedure expose # z; parse arg  @1,@2,@3;          L= length(z)
     if @3==1  then do;  #= # + 1                /*bump the (disk) move counter by one. */
                         say 'step'   right(#, L)":  move disk on tower"   @1  '───►'   @2
                    end
               else do;  call mov @1,               6 -@1 -@2,         @3 -1
                         call mov @1,               @2,                  1
                         call mov 6 - @1 - @2,      @2,                @3 -1
                    end
     return                                      /* [↑]  this subroutine uses recursion.*/
output   when using the default input:
step 1:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 3
step 2:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 2
step 3:  move disk on tower 3 ───► 2
step 4:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 3
step 5:  move disk on tower 2 ───► 1
step 6:  move disk on tower 2 ───► 3
step 7:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 3

The minimum number of moves to solve a  3-disk  Tower of Hanoi is  7

output   when the following was entered (to solve with four disks):   4

step  1:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 2
step  2:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 3
step  3:  move disk on tower 2 ───► 3
step  4:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 2
step  5:  move disk on tower 3 ───► 1
step  6:  move disk on tower 3 ───► 2
step  7:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 2
step  8:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 3
step  9:  move disk on tower 2 ───► 3
step 10:  move disk on tower 2 ───► 1
step 11:  move disk on tower 3 ───► 1
step 12:  move disk on tower 2 ───► 3
step 13:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 2
step 14:  move disk on tower 1 ───► 3
step 15:  move disk on tower 2 ───► 3

The minimum number of moves to solve a  4-disk  Tower of Hanoi is  15

pictorial moves

This REXX version pictorially shows   (via ASCII art)   the moves for solving the Town of Hanoi.

Quite a bit of code has been dedicated to showing a "picture" of the towers with the disks, and the movement of the disk (for each move).   "Coloring" of the disks is attempted with dithering.

In addition, it shows each move in a countdown manner (the last move is marked as #1).

It may not be obvious from the pictorial display of the moves, but whenever a disk is moved from one tower to another, it is always the top disk that is moved   (to the target tower).

Also, since the pictorial showing of the moves may be voluminous (especially for a larger number of disks), the move counter is started with the maximum and is the count shown is decremented so the viewer can see how many moves are left to display.

/*REXX program  displays  the  moves  to solve  the  Tower of Hanoi  (with  N  disks).  */
parse arg N .                                    /*get optional number of disks from CL.*/
if N=='' | N==","  then N=3                      /*Not specified?  Then use the default.*/
sw= 80;    wp= sw%3 - 1;   blanks= left('', wp)  /*define some default REXX variables.  */
c.1= sw % 3 % 2                                  /* [↑]  SW: assume default Screen Width*/
c.2= sw % 2 - 1                                  /* ◄───  C.1 C.2 C.2  are the positions*/
c.3= sw - 2 - c.1                                /*                    of the 3 columns.*/
#= 0;        z= 2**N - 1;           moveK= z     /*#moves; min# of moves; where to move.*/
@abc= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyN'               /*dithering chars when many disks used.*/
ebcdic= ('f2'x==2)                               /*determine if EBCDIC or ASCII machine.*/

if ebcdic then do;   bar= 'bf'x;    ar= "df"x;    dither= 'db9f9caf'x;         down= "9a"x
                      tr= 'bc'x;    bl= "ab"x;    br= 'bb'x;   vert= "fa"x;      tl= 'ac'x
               end
          else do;   bar= 'c4'x;    ar= "10"x;    dither= 'b0b1b2db'x;         down= "19"x
                      tr= 'bf'x;    bl= "c0"x;    br= 'd9'x;   vert= "b3"x;      tl= 'da'x
               end

verts= vert || vert;           Tcorners= tl || tr;              box     = left(dither, 1)
downs= down || down;           Bcorners= bl || br;              boxChars= dither || @abc
$.= 0;         $.1= N;         k= N;                            kk= k + k

  do j=1  for N;   @.3.j= blanks;    @.2.j= blanks;    @.1.j= center( copies(box, kk), wp)
  if N<=length(boxChars)  then @.1.j= translate( @.1.j, , substr( boxChars, kk%2, 1), box)
  kk= kk - 2
  end   /*j*/                                    /*populate the tower of Hanoi spindles.*/

call showTowers;   call mov 1,3,N;   say
say 'The minimum number of moves to solve a '        N"-disk  Tower of Hanoi is "      z
exit                                             /*stick a fork in it,  we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
dsk: parse arg from dest;   #= # + 1;       pp=
     if from==1  then do;  pp= overlay(bl,  pp, c.1)
                           pp= overlay(bar, pp, c.1+1, c.dest-c.1-1, bar) || tr
                      end
     if from==2  then do
                      if dest==1  then do;  pp= overlay(tl,  pp, c.1)
                                            pp= overlay(bar, pp, c.1+1, c.2-c.1-1,bar)||br
                                       end
                      if dest==3  then do;  pp= overlay(bl,  pp, c.2)
                                            pp= overlay(bar, pp, c.2+1, c.3-c.2-1,bar)||tr
                                       end
                      end
     if from==3  then do;  pp= overlay(br,  pp, c.3)
                           pp= overlay(bar, pp, c.dest+1, c.3-c.dest-1, bar)
                           pp= overlay(tl,  pp, c.dest)
                      end
     say translate(pp, downs, Bcorners || Tcorners || bar);     say overlay(moveK, pp, 1)
     say translate(pp, verts, Tcorners || Bcorners || bar)
     say translate(pp, downs, Tcorners || Bcorners || bar);     moveK= moveK - 1
     $.from= $.from - 1;      $.dest= $.dest + 1;     _f= $.from + 1;           _t= $.dest
     @.dest._t= @.from._f;    @.from._f= blanks;      call showTowers
     return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
mov: if arg(3)==1  then      call dsk arg(1) arg(2)
                   else do;  call mov arg(1),              6 -arg(1) -arg(2),    arg(3) -1
                             call mov arg(1),              arg(2),               1
                             call mov 6 -arg(1) -arg(2),   arg(2),               arg(3) -1
                        end                 /* [↑]  The  MOV  subroutine is recursive,  */
     return                                 /*it uses no variables, is uses BIFs instead*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
showTowers: do j=N  by -1  for N; _=@.1.j @.2.j @.3.j;  if _\=''  then say _; end;  return
output   when using the default input:
           ░░
          ▒▒▒▒
         ▓▓▓▓▓▓
            ↓
7           └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
                                                                │
                                                                ↓
          ▒▒▒▒
         ▓▓▓▓▓▓                                                ░░
            ↓
6           └─────────────────────────┐
                                      │
                                      ↓
         ▓▓▓▓▓▓                     ▒▒▒▒                       ░░
                                                                ↓
5                                     ┌─────────────────────────┘
                                      │
                                      ↓
                                     ░░
         ▓▓▓▓▓▓                     ▒▒▒▒
            ↓
4           └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
                                                                │
                                                                ↓
                                     ░░
                                    ▒▒▒▒                     ▓▓▓▓▓▓
                                      ↓
3           ┌─────────────────────────┘
            │
            ↓
           ░░                       ▒▒▒▒                     ▓▓▓▓▓▓
                                      ↓
2                                     └─────────────────────────┐
                                                                │
                                                                ↓
                                                              ▒▒▒▒
           ░░                                                ▓▓▓▓▓▓
            ↓
1           └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
                                                                │
                                                                ↓
                                                               ░░
                                                              ▒▒▒▒
                                                             ▓▓▓▓▓▓

The minimum number of moves to solve a  3-disk  Tower of Hanoi is  7

Ring

move(4, 1, 2, 3)

func move n, src, dst, via
     if n > 0 move(n - 1, src, via, dst)
        see "" + src + " to " + dst + nl
        move(n - 1, via, dst, src) ok

RPL

Translation of: Python
Works with: Halcyon Calc version 4.2.7
≪ → ndisks start end
  ≪ IF ndisks THEN
        ndisks 1 - start 6 start - end - HANOI
        start →STR " → " + end →STR +
        ndisks 1 - 6 start - end - end HANOI
        END
≫ ≫ 'HANOI' STO
3 1 3 HANOI
Output:
7: "1 → 3"
6: "1 → 2"
5: "3 → 2"
4: "1 → 3"
3: "2 → 1"
2: "2 → 3"
1: "1 → 3"

Ruby

version 1

def move(num_disks, start=0, target=1, using=2)
  if num_disks == 1
   @towers[target] << @towers[start].pop
    puts "Move disk from #{start} to #{target} : #{@towers}"
  else
    move(num_disks-1, start, using, target)
    move(1,           start, target, using)
    move(num_disks-1, using, target, start)
  end 
end

n = 5
@towers = [[*1..n].reverse, [], []]
move(n)
Output:
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[5, 4, 3, 2], [1], []]
Move disk from 0 to 2 : [[5, 4, 3], [1], [2]]
Move disk from 1 to 2 : [[5, 4, 3], [], [2, 1]]
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[5, 4], [3], [2, 1]]
Move disk from 2 to 0 : [[5, 4, 1], [3], [2]]
Move disk from 2 to 1 : [[5, 4, 1], [3, 2], []]
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[5, 4], [3, 2, 1], []]
Move disk from 0 to 2 : [[5], [3, 2, 1], [4]]
Move disk from 1 to 2 : [[5], [3, 2], [4, 1]]
Move disk from 1 to 0 : [[5, 2], [3], [4, 1]]
Move disk from 2 to 0 : [[5, 2, 1], [3], [4]]
Move disk from 1 to 2 : [[5, 2, 1], [], [4, 3]]
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[5, 2], [1], [4, 3]]
Move disk from 0 to 2 : [[5], [1], [4, 3, 2]]
Move disk from 1 to 2 : [[5], [], [4, 3, 2, 1]]
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[], [5], [4, 3, 2, 1]]
Move disk from 2 to 0 : [[1], [5], [4, 3, 2]]
Move disk from 2 to 1 : [[1], [5, 2], [4, 3]]
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[], [5, 2, 1], [4, 3]]
Move disk from 2 to 0 : [[3], [5, 2, 1], [4]]
Move disk from 1 to 2 : [[3], [5, 2], [4, 1]]
Move disk from 1 to 0 : [[3, 2], [5], [4, 1]]
Move disk from 2 to 0 : [[3, 2, 1], [5], [4]]
Move disk from 2 to 1 : [[3, 2, 1], [5, 4], []]
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[3, 2], [5, 4, 1], []]
Move disk from 0 to 2 : [[3], [5, 4, 1], [2]]
Move disk from 1 to 2 : [[3], [5, 4], [2, 1]]
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[], [5, 4, 3], [2, 1]]
Move disk from 2 to 0 : [[1], [5, 4, 3], [2]]
Move disk from 2 to 1 : [[1], [5, 4, 3, 2], []]
Move disk from 0 to 1 : [[], [5, 4, 3, 2, 1], []]

version 2

# solve(source, via, target)
# Example:
# solve([5, 4, 3, 2, 1], [], [])
# Note this will also solve randomly placed disks,
# "place all disk in target with legal moves only".
def solve(*towers)
  # total number of disks
  disks = towers.inject(0){|sum, tower| sum+tower.length}
  x=0 # sequence number
  p towers # initial trace
  # have we solved the puzzle yet?
  while towers.last.length < disks do
    x+=1 # assume the next step
    from = (x&x-1)%3
    to = ((x|(x-1))+1)%3
    # can we actually take from tower?
    if top = towers[from].last
      bottom = towers[to].last
      # is the move legal?
      if !bottom || bottom > top
        # ok, do it!
        towers[to].push(towers[from].pop)
        p towers # trace
      end
    end
  end
end

solve([5, 4, 3, 2, 1], [], [])
Output:
[[5, 4, 3, 2, 1], [], []]
[[5, 4, 3, 2], [], [1]]
[[5, 4, 3], [2], [1]]
[[5, 4, 3], [2, 1], []]
[[5, 4], [2, 1], [3]]
[[5, 4, 1], [2], [3]]
[[5, 4, 1], [], [3, 2]]
[[5, 4], [], [3, 2, 1]]
[[5], [4], [3, 2, 1]]
[[5], [4, 1], [3, 2]]
[[5, 2], [4, 1], [3]]
[[5, 2, 1], [4], [3]]
[[5, 2, 1], [4, 3], []]
[[5, 2], [4, 3], [1]]
[[5], [4, 3, 2], [1]]
[[5], [4, 3, 2, 1], []]
[[], [4, 3, 2, 1], [5]]
[[1], [4, 3, 2], [5]]
[[1], [4, 3], [5, 2]]
[[], [4, 3], [5, 2, 1]]
[[3], [4], [5, 2, 1]]
[[3], [4, 1], [5, 2]]
[[3, 2], [4, 1], [5]]
[[3, 2, 1], [4], [5]]
[[3, 2, 1], [], [5, 4]]
[[3, 2], [], [5, 4, 1]]
[[3], [2], [5, 4, 1]]
[[3], [2, 1], [5, 4]]
[[], [2, 1], [5, 4, 3]]
[[1], [2], [5, 4, 3]]
[[1], [], [5, 4, 3, 2]]
[[], [], [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]]

Run BASIC

a = move(4, "1", "2", "3")
function move(n, a$, b$, c$) 
if n > 0 then
	a = move(n-1, a$, c$, b$)
	print "Move disk from " ; a$ ; " to " ; c$
	a = move(n-1, b$, a$, c$)
end if
end function
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2

Rust

Translation of: C
fn move_(n: i32, from: i32, to: i32, via: i32) {
    if n > 0 {
        move_(n - 1, from, via, to);
        println!("Move disk from pole {} to pole {}", from, to);
        move_(n - 1, via, to, from);
    }
}

fn main() {
    move_(4, 1,2,3);
}

SASL

Copied from SAL manual, Appendix II, answer (3)

hanoi 8 ‘abc"
WHERE
hanoi 0 (a,b,c,) = ()
hanoi n ( a,b,c) = hanoi (n-1) (a,c,b) ,
                   ‘move a disc from " , a , ‘ to " , b , NL ,
                   hanoi (n-1) (c,b,a)
?

Sather

Translation of: Fortran
class MAIN is
  
  move(ndisks, from, to, via:INT) is
    if ndisks = 1 then
      #OUT + "Move disk from pole " + from + " to pole " + to + "\n";
    else
      move(ndisks-1, from, via, to);
      move(1, from, to, via);
      move(ndisks-1, via, to, from);
    end;
  end;

  main is
    move(4, 1, 2, 3);
  end;
end;

Scala

def move(n: Int, from: Int, to: Int, via: Int) : Unit = {
    if (n == 1) {
      Console.println("Move disk from pole " + from + " to pole " + to)
    } else {
      move(n - 1, from, via, to)
      move(1, from, to, via)
      move(n - 1, via, to, from)
    }
  }

This next example is from http://gist.github.com/66925 it is a translation to Scala of a Prolog solution and solves the problem at compile time

object TowersOfHanoi {
  import scala.reflect.Manifest
  
  def simpleName(m:Manifest[_]):String = {
    val name = m.toString
    name.substring(name.lastIndexOf('$')+1)
  }
  
  trait Nat
  final class _0 extends Nat
  final class Succ[Pre<:Nat] extends Nat
 
  type _1 = Succ[_0]
  type _2 = Succ[_1]
  type _3 = Succ[_2]
  type _4 = Succ[_3]
 
  case class Move[N<:Nat,A,B,C]()
 
  implicit def move0[A,B,C](implicit a:Manifest[A],b:Manifest[B]):Move[_0,A,B,C] = {
        System.out.println("Move from "+simpleName(a)+" to "+simpleName(b));null
  }
 
  implicit def moveN[P<:Nat,A,B,C](implicit m1:Move[P,A,C,B],m2:Move[_0,A,B,C],m3:Move[P,C,B,A])
   :Move[Succ[P],A,B,C] = null
  
  def run[N<:Nat,A,B,C](implicit m:Move[N,A,B,C]) = null
  
  case class Left()
  case class Center()
  case class Right()
  
  def main(args:Array[String]){
    run[_2,Left,Right,Center]
  }
}

Scheme

Recursive Process

(define (towers-of-hanoi n from to spare)
  (define (print-move from to)
    (display "Move[")
    (display from)
    (display ", ")
    (display to)
    (display "]")
    (newline))
  (cond ((= n 0) "done")
        (else
         (towers-of-hanoi (- n 1) from spare to)
         (print-move from to)
         (towers-of-hanoi (- n 1) spare to from))))

(towers-of-hanoi 3 "A" "B" "C")
Output:
Move[A, B]
Move[A, C]
Move[B, C]
Move[A, B]
Move[C, A]
Move[C, B]
Move[A, B]
"done"

Seed7

const proc: hanoi (in integer: disk, in string: source, in string: dest, in string: via) is func
  begin
    if disk > 0 then
      hanoi(pred(disk), source, via, dest);
      writeln("Move disk " <& disk <& " from " <& source <& " to " <& dest);
      hanoi(pred(disk), via, dest, source);
    end if;
  end func;

SETL

program hanoi;
    loop for [src, dest] in move(4, 1, 2, 3) do
        print("Move disk from pole " + src + " to pole " + dest);
    end loop;

    proc move(n, src, via, dest);
        if n=0 then return []; end if;
        return move(n-1, src, dest, via)
             + [[src, dest]]
             + move(n-1, via, src, dest);
    end proc;
end program;
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

Sidef

Translation of: Perl
func hanoi(n, from=1, to=2, via=3) {
    if (n == 1) {
        say "Move disk from pole #{from} to pole #{to}.";
    } else {
        hanoi(n-1, from, via,   to);
        hanoi(  1, from,  to,  via);
        hanoi(n-1,  via,  to, from);
    }
}

hanoi(4);

SNOBOL4

*       # Note: count is global

        define('hanoi(n,src,trg,tmp)') :(hanoi_end)
hanoi   hanoi = eq(n,0) 1 :s(return)
        hanoi(n - 1, src, tmp, trg)
        count  = count + 1
        output = count ': Move disc from ' src ' to ' trg
        hanoi(n - 1, tmp, trg, src) :(return)
hanoi_end

*       # Test with 4 discs
        hanoi(4,'A','C','B')
end
Output:
1: Move disc from A to B
2: Move disc from A to C
3: Move disc from B to C
4: Move disc from A to B
5: Move disc from C to A
6: Move disc from C to B
7: Move disc from A to B
8: Move disc from A to C
9: Move disc from B to C
10: Move disc from B to A
11: Move disc from C to A
12: Move disc from B to C
13: Move disc from A to B
14: Move disc from A to C
15: Move disc from B to C

SparForte

As a structured script.

#!/usr/local/bin/spar
pragma annotate( summary, "hanoi" )
       @( description, "Solve the Towers of Hanoi problem with recursion." )
       @( see_also, "https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Towers_of_Hanoi" )
       @( author, "Ken O. Burtch" );
pragma license( unrestricted );

pragma restriction( no_external_commands );

procedure hanoi is
  type pegs is (left, center, right);

  -- Determine the moves

  procedure solve( num_disks : natural; start_peg : pegs;  end_peg : pegs; via_peg : pegs ) is
  begin
    if num_disks > 0 then
       solve( num_disks - 1, start_peg, via_peg, end_peg );
       put( "Move disk" )@( num_disks )@( " from " )@( start_peg )@( " to " )@( end_peg );
       new_line;
       solve( num_disks - 1, via_peg, end_peg, start_peg );
    end if;
  end solve;

begin
  -- solve with 4 disks at the left
  --solve( 4, left, right, center );
  solve( 4, left, right, center );
  put_line( "Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed" );
end hanoi;

Standard ML

   fun hanoi(0, a, b, c) = [] |
       hanoi(n, a, b, c) = hanoi(n-1, a, c, b) @ [(a,b)] @ hanoi(n-1, c, b, a);

Stata

function hanoi(n, a, b, c) {
	if (n>0) {
		hanoi(n-1, a, c, b)
		printf("Move from %f to %f\n", a, b)
		hanoi(n-1, c, b, a)
	}
}

hanoi(3, 1, 2, 3)

Move from 1 to 2
Move from 1 to 3
Move from 2 to 3
Move from 1 to 2
Move from 3 to 1
Move from 3 to 2
Move from 1 to 2

Swift

Translation of: JavaScript
func hanoi(n:Int, a:String, b:String, c:String) {
    if (n > 0) {
        hanoi(n - 1, a, c, b)
        println("Move disk from \(a) to \(c)")
        hanoi(n - 1, b, a, c)
    }
}

hanoi(4, "A", "B", "C")

Swift 2.1

func hanoi(n:Int, a:String, b:String, c:String) {
  if (n > 0) {
    hanoi(n - 1, a: a, b: c, c: b)
    print("Move disk from \(a) to \(c)")
    hanoi(n - 1, a: b, b: a, c: c)
  }
}
 
hanoi(4, a:"A", b:"B", c:"C")

Tcl

The use of interp alias shown is a sort of closure: keep track of the number of moves required

interp alias {} hanoi {} do_hanoi 0

proc do_hanoi {count n {from A} {to C} {via B}} {
    if {$n == 1} {
        interp alias {} hanoi {} do_hanoi [incr count]
        puts "$count: move from $from to $to"
    } else {
        incr n -1
        hanoi $n $from $via $to
        hanoi 1  $from $to $via
        hanoi $n $via $to $from
    }
}

hanoi 4
Output:
1: move from A to B
2: move from A to C
3: move from B to C
4: move from A to B
5: move from C to A
6: move from C to B
7: move from A to B
8: move from A to C
9: move from B to C
10: move from B to A
11: move from C to A
12: move from B to C
13: move from A to B
14: move from A to C
15: move from B to C

TI-83 BASIC

TI-83 BASIC lacks recursion, so technically this task is impossible, however here is a version that uses an iterative method.

PROGRAM:TOHSOLVE
0→A
1→B
0→C
0→D
0→M
1→R
While A<1 or A>7
Input "No. of rings=?",A
End
randM(A+1,3)→[C]
[[1,2][1,3][2,3]]→[E]

Fill(0,[C])
For(I,1,A,1)
I?[C](I,1)
End
ClrHome
While [C](1,3)≠1 and [C](1,2)≠1

For(J,1,3)
For(I,1,A)
If [C](I,J)≠0:Then
Output(I+1,3J,[C](I,J))
End
End
End
While C=0
Output(1,3B," ")
1→I
[E](R,2)→J
While [C](I,J)=0 and I≤A
I+1→I
End
[C](I,J)→D
1→I
[E](R,1)→J
While [C](I,J)=0 and I≤A
I+1→I
End
If (D<[C](I,J) and D≠0) or [C](I,J)=0:Then
[E](R,2)→B
Else
[E](R,1)→B
End

1→I
While [C](I,B)=0 and I≤A
I+1→I
End
If I≤A:Then
[C](I,B)→C
0→[C](I,B)
Output(I+1,3B," ")
End
Output(1,3B,"V")
End

While C≠0
Output(1,3B," ")
If B=[E](R,2):Then
[E](R,1)→B
Else
[E](R,2)→B
End

1→I
While [C](I,B)=0 and I≤A
I+1→I
End
If [C](I,B)=0 or [C](I,B)>C:Then
C→[C](I-1,B)
0→C
M+1→M
End
End
Output(1,3B,"V")
R+1→R
If R=4:Then:1→R:End

End

Tiny BASIC

Tiny BASIC does not have recursion, so only an iterative solution is possible... and it has no arrays, so actually keeping track of individual discs is not feasible.

But as if by magic, it turns out that the source and destination pegs on iteration number n are given by (n&n-1) mod 3 and ((n|n-1) + 1) mod 3 respectively, where & and | are the bitwise and and or operators. Line 40 onward is dedicated to implementing those bitwise operations, since Tiny BASIC hasn't got them natively.

 5  PRINT "How many disks?"
    INPUT D
    IF D < 1 THEN GOTO 5
    IF D > 10 THEN GOTO 5
    LET N = 1
10  IF D = 0 THEN GOTO 20
    LET D = D - 1
    LET N = 2*N
    GOTO 10
20  LET X = 0
30  LET X = X + 1
    IF X = N THEN END
    GOSUB 40
    LET S = S - 3*(S/3)
    GOSUB 50
    LET T = T + 1
    LET T = T - 3*(T/3)
    PRINT "Move disc on peg ",S+1," to peg ",T+1
    GOTO 30
40  LET B = X - 1
    LET A = X
    LET S = 0
    LET Z = 2048
45  LET C = 0
    IF B >= Z THEN LET C = 1
    IF A >= Z THEN LET C = C + 1
    IF C = 2 THEN LET S = S + Z
    IF A >= Z THEN LET A = A - Z
    IF B >= Z THEN LET B = B - Z
    LET Z = Z / 2
    IF Z = 0 THEN RETURN
    GOTO 45
50  LET B = X - 1
    LET A = X
    LET T = 0
    LET Z = 2048
55  LET C = 0
    IF B >= Z THEN LET C = 1
    IF A >= Z THEN LET C = C + 1
    IF C > 0 THEN LET T = T + Z
    IF A >= Z THEN LET A = A - Z
    IF B >= Z THEN LET B = B - Z
    LET Z = Z / 2
    IF Z = 0 THEN RETURN
    GOTO 55
Output:

How many discs? 4 Move disc on peg 1 to peg 3 Move disc on peg 1 to peg 2 Move disc on peg 3 to peg 2 Move disc on peg 1 to peg 3 Move disc on peg 2 to peg 1 Move disc on peg 2 to peg 3 Move disc on peg 1 to peg 3 Move disc on peg 1 to peg 2 Move disc on peg 3 to peg 2 Move disc on peg 3 to peg 1 Move disc on peg 2 to peg 1 Move disc on peg 3 to peg 2 Move disc on peg 1 to peg 3 Move disc on peg 1 to peg 2 Move disc on peg 3 to peg 2

Toka

value| sa sb sc n |
[ to sc to sb to sa to n ] is vars!
[ ( num from to via -- )
  vars!
  n 0 <>
  [
    n sa sb sc 
    n 1- sa sc sb recurse
    vars!
    ." Move a ring from " sa . ." to " sb . cr
    n 1- sc sb sa recurse
  ] ifTrue
] is hanoi


True BASIC

Translation of: FreeBASIC
DECLARE SUB hanoi

SUB hanoi(n, desde , hasta, via)
    IF n > 0 THEN
       CALL hanoi(n - 1, desde, via, hasta)
       PRINT "Mover disco"; n; "desde posición"; desde; "hasta posición"; hasta
       CALL hanoi(n - 1, via, hasta, desde)
    END IF
END SUB

PRINT "Tres discos"
PRINT
CALL hanoi(3, 1, 2, 3)
PRINT
PRINT "Cuatro discos"
PRINT
CALL hanoi(4, 1, 2, 3)
PRINT
PRINT "Pulsa un tecla para salir"
END


TSE SAL

// library: program: run: towersofhanoi: recursive: sub <description></description> <version>1.0.0.0.0</version> <version control></version control> (filenamemacro=runprrsu.s) [kn, ri, tu, 07-02-2012 19:54:23]
PROC PROCProgramRunTowersofhanoiRecursiveSub( INTEGER totalDiskI, STRING fromS, STRING toS, STRING viaS, INTEGER bufferI )
 IF ( totalDiskI == 0 )
  RETURN()
 ENDIF
 PROCProgramRunTowersofhanoiRecursiveSub( totalDiskI - 1, fromS, viaS, toS, bufferI )
 AddLine( Format( "Move disk", " ", totalDiskI, " ", "from peg", " ", "'", fromS, "'", " ", "to peg", " ", "'", toS, "'" ), bufferI )
 PROCProgramRunTowersofhanoiRecursiveSub( totalDiskI - 1, viaS, toS, fromS, bufferI )
END

// library: program: run: towersofhanoi: recursive <description></description> <version>1.0.0.0.6</version> <version control></version control> (filenamemacro=runprtre.s) [kn, ri, tu, 07-02-2012 19:40:45]
PROC PROCProgramRunTowersofhanoiRecursive( INTEGER totalDiskI, STRING fromS, STRING toS, STRING viaS )
 INTEGER bufferI = 0
 PushPosition()
 bufferI = CreateTempBuffer()
 PopPosition()
 PROCProgramRunTowersofhanoiRecursiveSub( totalDiskI, fromS, toS, viaS, bufferI )
 GotoBufferId( bufferI )
END

PROC Main()
STRING s1[255] = "4"
IF ( NOT ( Ask( "program: run: towersofhanoi: recursive: totalDiskI = ", s1, _EDIT_HISTORY_ ) ) AND ( Length( s1 ) > 0 ) ) RETURN() ENDIF
 PROCProgramRunTowersofhanoiRecursive( Val( s1 ), "source", "target", "via" )
END

uBasic/4tH

Translation of: C
Proc  _Move(4, 1,2,3)                  ' 4 disks, 3 poles
End

_Move Param(4)
  If (a@ > 0) Then
    Proc _Move (a@ - 1, b@, d@, c@)
    Print "Move disk from pole ";b@;" to pole ";c@
    Proc _Move (a@ - 1, d@, c@, b@)
  EndIf
Return

Uiua

Works with: Uiua version 0.10.0
F ← |1.0 (
  ⨬(
    &p $"Move disc from _ to _" °⊟ ⊏[1 2]
  | F⍜(⊢|-1)⍜(⊏[2 3]|⇌).
    F⍜(⊢|⋅1).
    F⍜(⊢|-1)⍜(⊏[1 3]|⇌)
  )≠1⊢.
)
F [4 1 2 3]
Output:
Move disc from 1 to 3
Move disc from 1 to 2
Move disc from 3 to 2
Move disc from 1 to 3
Move disc from 2 to 1
Move disc from 2 to 3
Move disc from 1 to 3
Move disc from 1 to 2
Move disc from 3 to 2
Move disc from 3 to 1
Move disc from 2 to 1
Move disc from 3 to 2
Move disc from 1 to 3
Move disc from 1 to 2
Move disc from 3 to 2

UNIX Shell

Works with: Bourne Again SHell
Works with: Korn Shell
Works with: Z Shell
function move {
  typeset -i n=$1
  typeset from=$2
  typeset to=$3
  typeset via=$4

  if (( n )); then
    move $(( n - 1 )) "$from" "$via" "$to"
    echo "Move disk from pole $from to pole $to"
    move $(( n - 1 )) "$via" "$to" "$from"
  fi
}
  
move "$@"

A strict POSIX (or just really old) shell has no subprogram capability, but scripts are naturally reentrant, so:

Works with: Bourne Shell
Works with: Almquist Shell
#!/bin/sh
if [ "$1" -gt 0 ]; then
  "$0" "`expr $1 - 1`" "$2" "$4" "$3"
  echo "Move disk from pole $2 to pole $3"
  "$0" "`expr $1 - 1`" "$4" "$3" "$2"
fi

Output from any of the above:

Output:
$ hanoi 4 1 3 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3

Ursala

#import nat

move = ~&al^& ^rlPlrrPCT/~&arhthPX ^|W/~& ^|G/predecessor ^/~&htxPC ~&zyxPC

#show+

main = ^|T(~&,' -> '--)* move/4 <'start','end','middle'>
Output:
start -> middle
start -> end
middle -> end
start -> middle
end -> start
end -> middle
start -> middle
start -> end
middle -> end
middle -> start
end -> start
middle -> end
start -> middle
start -> end
middle -> end

Uxntal

|10 @Console &vector $2 &read $1 &pad $4 &type $1 &write $1 &error $1

|0100 ( -> )
    #0102 [ LIT2 03 &count 04 ] hanoi
    POP2 POP2 BRK

@hanoi ( from spare to count -: from spare to count )
    ( moving 0 disks is no-op )
    DUP ?{ JMP2r }

    ( move disks 1..count-1 to the spare peg )
    #01 SUB ROT SWP hanoi
    ( from to spare count-1 )

    ( print the current move )
    ;dict/move print-str
    INCk #30 ORA .Console/write DEO
    STH2
    ;dict/from print-str
    OVR #30 ORA .Console/write DEO
    ;dict/to print-str
    DUP #30 ORA .Console/write DEO
    [ LIT2 0a -Console/write ] DEO
    STH2r

    ( move disks 1..count-1 from the spare peg to the goal peg )
    STH ROT ROT STHr hanoi

    ( restore original parameters for convenient recursion )
    STH2 SWP STH2r INC

    JMP2r

@print-str
    &loop
        LDAk .Console/write DEO
        INC2 LDAk ?&loop
    POP2 JMP2r

@dict
    &move "Move 20 "disk 2000
    &from 20 "from 20 "pole 2000
    &to 20 "to 20 "pole 2000

VBScript

Derived from the BASIC256 version.

Sub Move(n,fromPeg,toPeg,viaPeg)
	If n > 0 Then
		Move n-1, fromPeg, viaPeg, toPeg
		WScript.StdOut.Write "Move disk from " & fromPeg & " to " & toPeg
		WScript.StdOut.WriteBlankLines(1)
		Move n-1, viaPeg, toPeg, fromPeg
	End If
End Sub

Move 4,1,2,3
WScript.StdOut.Write("Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!")
Output:
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 1
Move disk from 2 to 1
Move disk from 3 to 2
Move disk from 1 to 3
Move disk from 1 to 2
Move disk from 3 to 2
Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!

Vedit macro language

This implementation outputs the results in current edit buffer.

#1=1; #2=2; #3=3; #4=4          // move 4 disks from 1 to 2
Call("MOVE_DISKS")
Return

// Move disks
// #1 = from, #2 = to, #3 = via, #4 = number of disks
//
:MOVE_DISKS:
if (#4 > 0) {
    Num_Push(1,4)
        #9=#2; #2=#3; #3=#9; #4--       // #1 to #3 via #2
        Call("MOVE_DISKS")
    Num_Pop(1,4)

    Ins_Text("Move a disk from ")       // move one disk
    Num_Ins(#1, LEFT+NOCR)
    Ins_Text(" to ")
    Num_Ins(#2, LEFT)

    Num_Push(1,4)
        #9=#1; #1=#3; #3 = #9; #4--     // #3 to #2 via #1
        Call("MOVE_DISKS")
    Num_Pop(1,4)
}
Return

Vim Script

function TowersOfHanoi(n, from, to, via)
  if (a:n > 1)
    call TowersOfHanoi(a:n-1, a:from, a:via, a:to)
  endif
  echom("Move a disc from " . a:from . " to " . a:to)
  if (a:n > 1)
    call TowersOfHanoi(a:n-1, a:via, a:to, a:from)
  endif
endfunction

call TowersOfHanoi(4, 1, 3, 2)
Output:
Move a disc from 1 to 2
Move a disc from 1 to 3
Move a disc from 2 to 3
Move a disc from 1 to 2
Move a disc from 3 to 1
Move a disc from 3 to 2
Move a disc from 1 to 2
Move a disc from 1 to 3
Move a disc from 2 to 3
Move a disc from 2 to 1
Move a disc from 3 to 1
Move a disc from 2 to 3
Move a disc from 1 to 2
Move a disc from 1 to 3
Move a disc from 2 to 3

Visual Basic .NET

Module TowersOfHanoi
    Sub MoveTowerDisks(ByVal disks As Integer, ByVal fromTower As Integer, ByVal toTower As Integer, ByVal viaTower As Integer)
        If disks > 0 Then
            MoveTowerDisks(disks - 1, fromTower, viaTower, toTower)
            System.Console.WriteLine("Move disk {0} from {1} to {2}", disks, fromTower, toTower)
            MoveTowerDisks(disks - 1, viaTower, toTower, fromTower)
        End If
    End Sub

    Sub Main()
        MoveTowerDisks(4, 1, 2, 3)
    End Sub
End Module

V (Vlang)

fn main() {
	hanoi(4, "A", "B", "C")
}

fn hanoi(n u64, a string, b string, c string) {
    if n > 0 {
        hanoi(n - 1, a, c, b)
        println("Move disk from ${a} to ${c}")
        hanoi(n - 1, b, a, c)
    }
}
Output:
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from C to A
Move disk from C to B
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from B to A
Move disk from C to A
Move disk from B to C
Move disk from A to B
Move disk from A to C
Move disk from B to C

VTL-2

VTL-2 doesn't have procedure parameters, so this stacks and unstacks the return line number and parameters as reuired. The "move" routune starts at line 2000, the routine at 4000 stacks the return line number and parameters for "move" and the routine at 5000 unstacks the return line number and parameters.

1000 N=4
1010 F=1
1020 T=2
1030 V=3
1040 S=0
1050 #=2000
1060 #=9999
2000 R=!
2010 #=N<1*2210
2020 #=4000
2030 N=N-1
2040 A=T
2050 T=V
2060 V=A
2070 #=2000
2080 #=5000
2090 ?="Move disk from peg: ";
2100 ?=F
2110 ?=" to peg: ";
2120 ?=T
2130 ?=""
2140 #=4000
2150 N=N-1
2160 A=F
2170 F=V
2180 V=A
2190 #=2000
2200 #=5000
2210 #=R
4000 S=S+1
4010 :S)=R
4020 S=S+1
4030 :S)=N
4040 S=S+1
4050 :S)=F
4060 S=S+1
4070 :S)=V
4080 S=S+1
4090 :S)=T
4100 #=!
5000 T=:S)
5010 S=S-1
5020 V=:S)
5030 S=S-1
5040 F=:S)
5050 S=S-1
5060 N=:S)
5070 S=S-1
5080 R=:S)
5090 S=S-1
5100 #=!
Output:
Move disk from peg: 1 to peg: 3
Move disk from peg: 1 to peg: 2
Move disk from peg: 3 to peg: 2
Move disk from peg: 1 to peg: 3
Move disk from peg: 2 to peg: 1
Move disk from peg: 2 to peg: 3
Move disk from peg: 1 to peg: 3
Move disk from peg: 1 to peg: 2
Move disk from peg: 3 to peg: 2
Move disk from peg: 3 to peg: 1
Move disk from peg: 2 to peg: 1
Move disk from peg: 3 to peg: 2
Move disk from peg: 1 to peg: 3
Move disk from peg: 1 to peg: 2
Move disk from peg: 3 to peg: 2

Wren

Translation of: Kotlin
class Hanoi {
    construct new(disks) {
        _moves = 0
        System.print("Towers of Hanoi with %(disks) disks:\n")
        move(disks, "L", "C", "R")
        System.print("\nCompleted in %(_moves) moves\n")
    }

    move(n, from, to, via) {
        if (n > 0) {
            move(n - 1, from, via, to)
            _moves = _moves + 1
            System.print("Move disk %(n) from %(from) to %(to)")
            move(n - 1, via, to, from)
        }
    }
}

Hanoi.new(3)
Hanoi.new(4)
Output:
Towers of Hanoi with 3 disks:

Move disk 1 from L to C
Move disk 2 from L to R
Move disk 1 from C to R
Move disk 3 from L to C
Move disk 1 from R to L
Move disk 2 from R to C
Move disk 1 from L to C

Completed in 7 moves

Towers of Hanoi with 4 disks:

Move disk 1 from L to R
Move disk 2 from L to C
Move disk 1 from R to C
Move disk 3 from L to R
Move disk 1 from C to L
Move disk 2 from C to R
Move disk 1 from L to R
Move disk 4 from L to C
Move disk 1 from R to C
Move disk 2 from R to L
Move disk 1 from C to L
Move disk 3 from R to C
Move disk 1 from L to R
Move disk 2 from L to C
Move disk 1 from R to C

Completed in 15 moves

XBasic

Works with: Windows XBasic
PROGRAM	"Hanoi"
VERSION	"0.0000"

DECLARE FUNCTION Entry ()
DECLARE FUNCTION Hanoi(n, desde , hasta, via)

FUNCTION  Entry ()
	PRINT "Three disks\n"
	Hanoi (3, 1, 2, 3)
	PRINT "\nFour discks\n"
	Hanoi (4, 1, 2, 3)
	PRINT "\nTowers of Hanoi puzzle completed!"
END FUNCTION

FUNCTION Hanoi (n, desde , hasta, via)
    IF n > 0 THEN
       Hanoi (n - 1, desde, via, hasta)
       PRINT "Move disk"; n; " from pole"; desde; " to pole"; hasta
       Hanoi (n - 1, via, hasta, desde)
    END IF
END FUNCTION
END PROGRAM
Output:
Same as FreeBASIC entry.

XPL0

code Text=12;

proc MoveTower(Discs, From, To, Using);
int  Discs, From, To, Using;
[if Discs > 0 then
    [MoveTower(Discs-1, From, Using, To);
    Text(0, "Move from ");  Text(0, From);
    Text(0, " peg to ");  Text(0, To);  Text(0, " peg.^M^J");
    MoveTower(Discs-1, Using, To, From);
    ];
];

MoveTower(3, "left", "right", "center")
Output:
Move from left peg to right peg.
Move from left peg to center peg.
Move from right peg to center peg.
Move from left peg to right peg.
Move from center peg to left peg.
Move from center peg to right peg.
Move from left peg to right peg.

XQuery

declare function local:hanoi($disk as xs:integer, $from as xs:integer,
    $to as xs:integer, $via as xs:integer) as element()* 
{
  if($disk > 0)
  then (
    local:hanoi($disk - 1, $from, $via, $to),
    <move disk='{$disk}'><from>{$from}</from><to>{$to}</to></move>,
    local:hanoi($disk - 1, $via, $to, $from)
  ) 
  else ()
};

<hanoi>
{
  local:hanoi(4, 1, 2, 3)
}
</hanoi>
Output:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<hanoi>
   <move disk="1">
      <from>1</from>
      <to>3</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="2">
      <from>1</from>
      <to>2</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="1">
      <from>3</from>
      <to>2</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="3">
      <from>1</from>
      <to>3</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="1">
      <from>2</from>
      <to>1</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="2">
      <from>2</from>
      <to>3</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="1">
      <from>1</from>
      <to>3</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="4">
      <from>1</from>
      <to>2</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="1">
      <from>3</from>
      <to>2</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="2">
      <from>3</from>
      <to>1</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="1">
      <from>2</from>
      <to>1</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="3">
      <from>3</from>
      <to>2</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="1">
      <from>1</from>
      <to>3</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="2">
      <from>1</from>
      <to>2</to>
   </move>
   <move disk="1">
      <from>3</from>
      <to>2</to>
   </move>
</hanoi>

XSLT

<xsl:template name="hanoi">
<xsl:param name="n"/>
<xsl:param name="from">left</xsl:param>
<xsl:param name="to">middle</xsl:param>
<xsl:param name="via">right</xsl:param>
  <xsl:if test="$n &gt; 0">
    <xsl:call-template name="hanoi">
      <xsl:with-param name="n"    select="$n - 1"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="from" select="$from"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="to"   select="$via"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="via"  select="$to"/>
    </xsl:call-template>
    <fo:block>
      <xsl:text>Move disk from </xsl:text>
      <xsl:value-of select="$from"/>
      <xsl:text> to </xsl:text>
      <xsl:value-of select="$to"/>
    </fo:block>
    <xsl:call-template name="hanoi">
      <xsl:with-param name="n"    select="$n - 1"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="from" select="$via"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="to"   select="$to"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="via"  select="$from"/>
    </xsl:call-template>
  </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:call-template name="hanoi"><xsl:with-param name="n" select="4"/></xsl:call-template>

Yabasic

sub hanoi(ndisks, startPeg, endPeg)
    if ndisks then
        hanoi(ndisks-1, startPeg, 6-startPeg-endPeg)
        //print "Move disk ", ndisks, " from ", startPeg, " to ", endPeg
        hanoi(ndisks-1, 6-startPeg-endPeg, endPeg)
    end if
end sub

print "Be patient, please.\n\n"
print "Hanoi 1 ellapsed ... ";

t1 = peek("millisrunning")
hanoi(22, 1, 3)
t2 = peek("millisrunning")
print t2-t1, " ms"


sub hanoi2(n, from, to_, via)
    if n = 1 then
	//print "Move from ", from, " to ", to_
    else
	hanoi2(n - 1, from, via , to_ )
    	hanoi2(1    , from, to_ , via )
    	hanoi2(n - 1, via , to_ , from)
    end if
end sub

print "Hanoi 2 ellapsed ... ";
hanoi2(22, 1, 3, 2)
print peek("millisrunning") - t2, " ms"

Z80 Assembly

Works with: CP/M 3.1 version YAZE-AG-2.51.2 Z80 emulator
Works with: ZSM4 macro assembler version YAZE-AG-2.51.2 Z80 emulator

Use the /S8 switch on the ZSM4 assembler for 8 significant characters for labels and names

	;
	; Towers of Hanoi using Z80 assembly language
	;
	; Runs under CP/M 3.1 on YAZE-AG-2.51.2 Z80 emulator
	; Assembled with zsm4 on same emulator/OS, uses macro capabilities of said assembler
	; Created with vim under Windows
	;
	; 2023-05-29 Xorph
	;

	;
	; Useful definitions
	;

	bdos	equ 05h		; Call to CP/M BDOS function
	strdel	equ 6eh		; Set string delimiter
	wrtstr	equ 09h		; Write string to console

	nul	equ 00h		; ASCII control characters
	cr	equ 0dh
	lf	equ 0ah

	cnull	equ '0'		; ASCII character constants
	ca	equ 'A'
	cb	equ 'B'
	cc	equ 'C'

	disks	equ 4		; Number of disks to move

	;
	; Macros for BDOS calls
	;

setdel 	macro	char		; Set string delimiter to char
	ld	c,strdel
	ld	e,char
	call	bdos
	endm

print 	macro	msg		; Output string to console
	ld	c,wrtstr
	ld	de,msg
	call	bdos
	endm

pushall	macro			; Save required registers to stack
	push	af
	push	bc
	push	de
	endm

popall	macro			; Recall required registers from stack
	pop	de
	pop	bc
	pop	af
	endm

	;
	; =====================
	; Start of main program
	; =====================
	;

	cseg

	setdel	nul		; Set string delimiter to 00h

	ld	a,disks		; Initialization:
	ld	b,ca		; Tower A is source
	ld	c,cb		; Tower B is target
	ld	d,cc		; Tower C is intermediate

hanoi:
	;
	; Parameters in registers:
	; Move a disks from b (source) to c (target) via d (intermediate)
	;

	or	a		; If 0 disks to move, return
	ret	z

	dec	a		; Move all but lowest disk from source to intermediate via target
	pushall			; Save registers
	ld	e,c		; Exchange c and d (target and intermediate)
	ld	c,d
	ld	d,e
	call	hanoi		; First recursion
	popall			; Restore registers

	ld	hl,source	; Print move of lowest disk from source to target, save registers during BDOS call
	ld	(hl),b		; Source is still in b
	ld	hl,target
	ld	(hl),c		; Target is back in c due to popall

	pushall
	print	movement
	popall

	ld	e,b		; Now move stack from intermediate to target via source
	ld	b,d		; Source is still in b, target in c and intermediate in d
	ld	d,e
	jr	hanoi		; Optimize tail recursion

	;
	; ================
	; Data definitions
	; ================
	;

	dseg

movement:
	defb	'Move disk from tower '
source:
	defs	1
	defb	' to tower '
target:
	defs	1
crlf:
	defb	cr,lf,nul
Output:
E>hanoi
Move disk from tower A to tower C
Move disk from tower A to tower B
Move disk from tower C to tower B
Move disk from tower A to tower C
Move disk from tower B to tower A
Move disk from tower B to tower C
Move disk from tower A to tower C
Move disk from tower A to tower B
Move disk from tower C to tower B
Move disk from tower C to tower A
Move disk from tower B to tower A
Move disk from tower C to tower B
Move disk from tower A to tower C
Move disk from tower A to tower B
Move disk from tower C to tower B

E>

Zig

Translation of: C
const std = @import("std");

pub fn print(from: u32, to: u32) void {
    std.log.info("Moving disk from rod {} to rod {}", .{ from, to });
}

pub fn move(n: u32, from: u32, via: u32, to: u32) void {
    if (n > 1) {
        move(n - 1, from, to, via);
        print(from, to);
        move(n - 1, via, from, to);
    } else {
        print(from, to);
    }
}

pub fn main() !void {
    move(4, 1, 2, 3);
}

zkl

Translation of: C
fcn move(n, from,to,via){
   if (n>0){
      move(n-1, from,via,to);
      println("Move disk from pole %d to pole %d".fmt(from, to));
      move(n-1, via,to,from);
   }
}
move(3, 1,2,3);
Output:
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 2 to pole 3
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 1
Move disk from pole 3 to pole 2
Move disk from pole 1 to pole 2
Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies.