Bulls and cows
Bulls and Cows is an old game played with pencil and paper that was later implemented using computers.
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- Task
Create a four digit random number from the digits 1 to 9, without duplication.
The program should:
- ask for guesses to this number
- reject guesses that are malformed
- print the score for the guess
The score is computed as:
- The player wins if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number, and the program ends.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in the guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in the guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
- Related tasks
8080 Assembly
This is written to run under CP/M and includes an RNG to generate the secret.
<lang 8080asm>bdos equ 5 putchar equ 2 rawio equ 6 puts equ 9 cstat equ 11 reads equ 10
org 100h mvi c,puts lxi d,signon ; Print name call bdos ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Initialize the RNG with keyboard input mvi c,puts lxi d,entropy ; Ask for randomness call bdos mvi b,9 ; 9 times, randloop: mvi c,3 ; read 3 keys. lxi h,xabcdat + 1 randkey: push b ; Read a key push h randkeywait: mvi c,rawio mvi e,0FFh call bdos ana a jz randkeywait pop h pop b xra m ; XOR it with the random memory mov m,a inx h dcr c jnz randkey ; Go get more characters dcr b jnz randloop mvi c,puts lxi d,done ; Tell the user we're done call bdos ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Generate 4-digit secret code lxi h,secret mvi b,4 gencode: push h push b call randcode pop b pop h mov m,a inx h dcr b jnz gencode ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; User makes a guess readguess: mvi c,puts ; Ask for guess lxi d,guess call bdos mvi c,reads ; Read guess lxi d,bufdef call bdos call newline ; Print newline mvi b,4 ; Check input lxi h,buf validate: mov a,m cpi '9' + 1 ; >9? jnc inval ; = invalid cpi '1' ; <1? jc inval ; = invalid sui '0' ; Make ASCII digit into number mov m,a inx h dcr b jnz validate ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Count bulls mvi c,puts lxi d,bulls ; Output "Bulls:" call bdos lxi d,secret lxi h,buf lxi b,4 ; No bulls, counter = 4 bullloop: ldax d ; Get secret digit cmp m ; Match to buffer digit cz countmatch inx h inx d dcr c jnz bullloop push b ; Keep bulls for cow count, push b ; and for final check. call printcount ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Count cows mvi c,puts lxi d,cows ; Output ", Cows:" call bdos pop psw ; Retrieve the bulls (into A reg) cma ; Negate amount of bulls inr a mov b,a ; Use it as start of cow count mvi d,4 ; For all 4 secret digits.. lxi h,secret cowouter: mov a,m ; Grab secret digit to test push h ; Store secret position mvi e,4 ; For all 4 input digits... lxi h,buf cowinner: cmp m ; Compare to current secret digit cz countmatch inx h dcr e ; While there are more digits in buf jnz cowinner ; Test next digit pop h ; Restore secret position inx h ; Look at next secret digit dcr d ; While there are digits left jnz cowouter push b ; Keep cow count call printcount call newline ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Check win condition pop psw ; Cow count (in A) pop b ; Bull count (in B) ana a ; To win, there must be 0 cows... jnz readguess mvi a,4 ; And 4 bulls. cmp b jnz readguess mvi c,puts lxi d,win jmp bdos ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Increment bull/cow counter countmatch: inr b ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Print a newline newline: mvi c,puts lxi d,nl jmp bdos ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Output counter as ASCII printcount: mvi a,'0' add b mvi c,putchar mov e,a jmp bdos ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; User entered invalid input inval: mvi c,puts lxi d,invalid call bdos jmp readguess ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Generate random number 1-9 that isn't in key randcode: call xabcrand ani 0fh ; Low nybble ana a ; 0 = invalid jz randcode cpi 10 ; >9 = invalid jnc randcode ;; Check if it is a duplicate mvi b,4 lxi h,secret checkdup: cmp m jz randcode inx h dcr b jnz checkdup ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; The "X ABC" 8-bit random number generator ;; (Google that to find where it came from) xabcrand: lxi h,xabcdat
inr m ; X++
mov a,m ; X,
inx h ;
xra m ; ^ C,
inx h ;
xra m ; ^ A,
mov m,a ; -> A
inx h
add m ; + B,
mov m,a ; -> B
rar ; >>1
dcx h
xra m ; ^ A,
dcx h
add m ; + C
mov m,a ; -> C
ret
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Strings signon: db 'Bulls and Cows',13,10,'$' entropy: db 'Please mash the keyboard to generate entropy...$' done: db 'done.',13,10,13,10,'$' bulls: db 'Bulls: $' cows: db ', Cows: $' guess: db 'Guess: $' invalid: db 'Invalid input.',13,10,'$' win: db 'You win!',13,10,'$' nl: db 13,10,'$' ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Variables xabcdat: ds 4 ; RNG state secret: ds 4 ; Holds the secret code bufdef: db 4,0 ; User input buffer buf: ds 4</lang>
Action!
<lang Action!>DEFINE DIGNUM="4"
TYPE Score=[BYTE bulls,cows,err]
PROC Generate(CHAR ARRAY secret)
DEFINE DIGCOUNT="9" CHAR ARRAY digits(DIGCOUNT) BYTE i,j,d,tmp,count
FOR i=0 TO DIGCOUNT-1 DO digits(i)=i+'1 OD
secret(0)=DIGNUM count=DIGCOUNT FOR i=1 TO DIGNUM DO d=Rand(count) secret(i)=digits(d) count==-1 digits(d)=digits(count) OD
RETURN
PROC CheckScore(CHAR ARRAY code,guess Score POINTER res)
BYTE i,j
res.bulls=0
res.cows=0
IF guess(0)#DIGNUM THEN
res.err=1
RETURN
FI
res.err=0
FOR i=1 TO DIGNUM
DO
IF guess(i)=code(i) THEN
res.bulls==+1
ELSE
FOR j=1 TO DIGNUM
DO
IF j#i AND guess(j)=code(i) THEN
res.cows==+1
EXIT
FI
OD
FI
OD
RETURN
PROC Main()
CHAR ARRAY code(DIGNUM+1),guess(255) Score res
Generate(code)
PrintE("Bull and cows game.") PutE()
Print("I choose a 4-digit number from digits 1 to 9 without repetition. ")
PrintE("Your goal is to guess it.") PutE()
PrintE("Enter your guess:")
DO
InputS(guess)
CheckScore(code,guess,res)
Put(28) ;cursor up
PrintF("%S -> ",guess)
IF res.err THEN
Print("Wrong input")
ELSE
PrintF("Bulls=%B Cows=%B",res.bulls,res.cows)
IF res.bulls=DIGNUM THEN
PutE() PutE()
PrintE("You win!")
EXIT
FI
FI
PrintE(", try again:")
OD
RETURN</lang>
- Output:
Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer
Bull and cows game. I choose a 4-digit number from digits 1 to 9 without repetition. Your goal is to guess it. Enter your guess: 12345 -> Wrong input, try again: 1234 -> Bulls=0 Cows=2, try again: 1243 -> Bulls=2 Cows=0, try again: 5643 -> Bulls=2 Cows=0, try again: 7843 -> Bulls=3 Cows=0, try again: 7943 -> Bulls=2 Cows=1, try again: 9843 -> Bulls=4 Cows=0 You win!
Ada
<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; with Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random;
procedure Bulls_And_Cows is
package Random_Natural is new Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random (Natural); Number : String (1..4);
begin
declare -- Generation of number
use Random_Natural;
Digit : String := "123456789";
Size : Positive := 9;
Dice : Generator;
Position : Natural;
begin
Reset (Dice);
for I in Number'Range loop
Position := Random (Dice) mod Size + 1;
Number (I) := Digit (Position);
Digit (Position..Size - 1) := Digit (Position + 1..Size);
Size := Size - 1;
end loop;
end;
loop -- Guessing loop
Put ("Enter four digits:");
declare
Guess : String := Get_Line;
Bulls : Natural := 0;
Cows : Natural := 0;
begin
if Guess'Length /= 4 then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
for I in Guess'Range loop
for J in Number'Range loop
if Guess (I) not in '1'..'9' or else (I < J and then Guess (I) = Guess (J)) then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
if Number (I) = Guess (J) then
if I = J then
Bulls := Bulls + 1;
else
Cows := Cows + 1;
end if;
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
exit when Bulls = 4;
Put_Line (Integer'Image (Bulls) & " bulls," & Integer'Image (Cows) & " cows");
exception
when Data_Error => Put_Line ("You should enter four different digits 1..9");
end;
end loop;
end Bulls_And_Cows;</lang>
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68>STRING digits = "123456789";
[4]CHAR chosen; STRING available := digits; FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
INT c = ENTIER(random*UPB available)+1; chosen[i] := available[c]; available := available[:c-1]+available[c+1:]
OD;
COMMENT print((chosen, new line)); # Debug # END COMMENT
OP D = (INT d)STRING: whole(d,0); # for formatting an integer #
print (("I have chosen a number from ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.", new line, "You need to input a ",D UPB chosen," digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen", new line));
PRIO WITHIN = 5, NOTWITHIN = 5; OP WITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: char in string(c,LOC INT,s); OP NOTWITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: NOT ( c WITHIN s );
INT guesses := 0, bulls, cows; WHILE
STRING guess;
guesses +:= 1;
WHILE
# get a good guess #
print((new line,"Next guess [",D guesses,"]: "));
read((guess, new line));
IF UPB guess NE UPB chosen THEN
FALSE
ELSE
BOOL ok;
FOR i TO UPB guess WHILE
ok := guess[i] WITHIN digits AND guess[i] NOTWITHIN guess[i+1:]
DO SKIP OD;
NOT ok
FI
DO
print(("Problem, try again. You need to enter ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9", new line))
OD;
- WHILE #
guess NE chosen
DO
bulls := cows := 0;
FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
IF guess[i] = chosen[i] THEN
bulls +:= 1
ELIF guess[i] WITHIN chosen THEN
cows +:= 1
FI
OD;
print((" ",D bulls," Bulls",new line," ",D cows," Cows"))
OD; print((new line, "Congratulations you guessed correctly in ",D guesses," attempts.",new line))</lang> Output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen Next guess [1]:
APL
Call the moo function with one dummy argument to play a game of
Bulls and Cows in the APL session.
<lang APL>input ← {⍞←'Guess: ' ⋄ 7↓⍞} output ← {⎕←(↑'Bulls: ' 'Cows: '),⍕⍪⍵ ⋄ ⍵} isdigits← ∧/⎕D∊⍨⊢ valid ← isdigits∧4=≢ guess ← ⍎¨input⍣(valid⊣) bulls ← +/= cows ← +/∊∧≠ game ← (output ⊣(bulls,cows) guess)⍣(4 0≡⊣) random ← 4∘⊣?9∘⊣ moo ← 'You win!'⊣(random game⊢) </lang>
To show off APL, this is written entirely in tacit style (except for the I/O). There is no explicit flow control or recursion,
and there are no variables. The code is split into functions only to aid the reader, none is ever
referred to twice. The following definition of moo is exactly equivalent to the above:
<lang APL>moo←'You win!'⊣((4∘⊣?9∘⊣)(({⎕←(↑'Bulls: ' 'Cows: '),⍕⍪⍵⋄⍵}⊣((+/=),(+/∊∧≠))(⍎¨{⍞←'Guess: '⋄7↓⍞}⍣(((∧/⎕D∊⍨⊢)∧4=≢)⊣)))⍣(4 0≡⊣))⊢)</lang>
AppleScript
GUI implementation; the prompt for a guess includes a list of all past guesses and their scores.
<lang applescript>on pickNumber() set theNumber to "" repeat 4 times set theDigit to (random number from 1 to 9) as string repeat while (offset of theDigit in theNumber) > 0 set theDigit to (random number from 1 to 9) as string end repeat set theNumber to theNumber & theDigit end repeat end pickNumber
to bulls of theGuess given key:theKey set bullCount to 0 repeat with theIndex from 1 to 4 if text theIndex of theGuess = text theIndex of theKey then set bullCount to bullCount + 1 end if end repeat return bullCount end bulls
to cows of theGuess given key:theKey, bulls:bullCount set cowCount to -bullCount repeat with theIndex from 1 to 4 if (offset of (text theIndex of theKey) in theGuess) > 0 then set cowCount to cowCount + 1 end if end repeat
return cowCount end cows
to score of theGuess given key:theKey set bullCount to bulls of theGuess given key:theKey set cowCount to cows of theGuess given key:theKey, bulls:bullCount return {bulls:bullCount, cows:cowCount} end score
on run set theNumber to pickNumber() set pastGuesses to {} repeat set theMessage to "" repeat with aGuess in pastGuesses set {theGuess, theResult} to aGuess set theMessage to theMessage & theGuess & ":" & bulls of theResult & "B, " & cows of theResult & "C" & linefeed end repeat set theMessage to theMessage & linefeed & "Enter guess:" set theGuess to text returned of (display dialog theMessage with title "Bulls and Cows" default answer "") set theScore to score of theGuess given key:theNumber if bulls of theScore is 4 then display dialog "Correct! Found the secret in " & ((length of pastGuesses) + 1) & " guesses!" exit repeat else set end of pastGuesses to {theGuess, theScore} end if end repeat end run</lang>
Arturo
<lang rebol>rand: first.n: 4 unique map 1..10 => [sample 0..9] bulls: 0
while [bulls <> 4][
bulls: new 0
cows: new 0
got: strip input "make a guess: "
if? or? not? numeric? got
4 <> size got -> print "Malformed answer. Try again!"
else [
loop.with:'i split got 'digit [
if? (to :integer digit) = rand\[i] -> inc 'bulls
else [
if contains? rand to :integer digit -> inc 'cows
]
]
print ["Bulls:" bulls "Cows:" cows "\n"]
]
] print color #green "** Well done! You made the right guess!!"</lang>
AutoHotkey
<lang autohotkey>length:=4, Code:="" ; settings
While StrLen(Code) < length { Random, num, 1, 9 If !InStr(Code, num) Code .= num } Gui, Add, Text, w83 vInfo, I'm thinking of a %length%-digit number with no duplicate digits. Gui, Add, Edit, wp vGuess, Enter a guess... Gui, Add, Button, wp Default vDefault, Submit Gui, Add, Edit, ym w130 r8 vHistory ReadOnly Gui, Show Return
ButtonSubmit: If Default = Restart Reload Gui, Submit, NoHide If (StrLen(Guess) != length) GuiControl, , Info, Enter a %length%-digit number. Else If Guess is not digit GuiControl, , Info, Enter a %length%-digit number. Else { GuiControl, , Info GuiControl, , Guess If (Guess = Code) { GuiControl, , Info, Correct! GuiControl, , Default, Restart Default = Restart } response := Response(Guess, Code) Bulls := SubStr(response, 1, InStr(response,",")-1) Cows := SubStr(response, InStr(response,",")+1) GuiControl, , History, % History . Guess ": " Bulls " Bulls " Cows " Cows`n" } Return
GuiEscape: GuiClose: ExitApp
Response(Guess,Code) { Bulls := 0, Cows := 0 Loop, % StrLen(Code) If (SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1) = SubStr(Code, A_Index, 1)) Bulls++ Else If (InStr(Code, SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1))) Cows++ Return Bulls "," Cows }</lang>
AWK
<lang AWK># Usage: GAWK -f BULLS_AND_COWS.AWK BEGIN {
srand()
secret = ""
for (i = 1; i <= 4; ) {
digit = int(9 * rand()) + 1
if (index(secret, digit) == 0) {
secret = secret digit
i++
}
}
print "Welcome to 'Bulls and Cows'!"
print "I thought of a 4-digit number."
print "Please enter your guess."
} iswellformed($0) {
if (calcscore($0, secret)) {
exit
}
} function iswellformed(number, i, digit) {
if (number !~ /[1-9][1-9][1-9][1-9]/) {
print "Your guess should contain 4 digits, each from 1 to 9. Try again!"
return 0
}
for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
digit = substr(number, 1, 1)
number = substr(number, 2)
if (index(number, digit) != 0) {
print "Your guess contains a digit twice. Try again!"
return 0
}
}
return 1
} function calcscore(guess, secret, bulls, cows, i, idx) {
# Bulls = correct digits at the right position
# Cows = correct digits at the wrong position
for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
idx = index(secret, substr(guess, i, 1))
if (idx == i) {
bulls++
} else if (idx > 0) {
cows++
}
}
printf("Your score for this guess: Bulls = %d, Cows = %d.", bulls, cows)
if (bulls < 4) {
printf(" Try again!\n")
} else {
printf("\nCongratulations, you win!\n")
}
return bulls == 4
}</lang>
- Output:
Welcome to 'Bulls and Cows'! I thought of a 4-digit number. Please enter your guess. 1234 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0, Cows = 1. Try again! 5678 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1, Cows = 1. Try again! 9651 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1, Cows = 1. Try again! 5729 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0, Cows = 3. Try again! 2695 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2, Cows = 1. Try again! 2697 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2, Cows = 2. Try again! 7692 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 4, Cows = 0. Congratulations, you win!
BASIC
<lang qbasic>DEFINT A-Z
DIM secret AS STRING DIM guess AS STRING DIM c AS STRING DIM bulls, cows, guesses, i
RANDOMIZE TIMER DO WHILE LEN(secret) < 4
c = CHR$(INT(RND * 10) + 48) IF INSTR(secret, c) = 0 THEN secret = secret + c
LOOP
guesses = 0 DO
INPUT "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "; guess guess = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(guess)) IF LEN(guess) = 0 THEN EXIT DO
IF LEN(guess) <> 4 OR VAL(guess) = 0 THEN
PRINT "** You should enter 4 numeric digits!"
GOTO looper
END IF
bulls = 0: cows = 0: guesses = guesses + 1
FOR i = 1 TO 4
c = MID$(secret, i, 1)
IF MID$(guess, i, 1) = c THEN
bulls = bulls + 1
ELSEIF INSTR(guess, c) THEN
cows = cows + 1
END IF
NEXT i
PRINT bulls; " bulls, "; cows; " cows"
IF guess = secret THEN
PRINT "You won after "; guesses; " guesses!"
EXIT DO
END IF
looper: LOOP</lang>
Applesoft BASIC
<lang ApplesoftBasic>100 D$ = "123456789" 110 FOR I = 1 TO 4 120 P = INT(RND(1) * LEN(D$)) + 1 130 N$ = N$ + MID$(D$, P, 1) 140 D$ = MID$(D$, 1, P - 1) + MID$(D$, P + 1, 8) 150 NEXT 160 PRINT "A RANDOM NUMBER HAS BEEN CREATED. 170 PRINT "THE NUMBER HAS FOUR DIGITS FROM 1 TO 9, WITHOUT DUPLICATION." 200 FOR Q = 0 TO 1 STEP 0 210 INPUT "GUESS THE NUMBER: "; G% 220 G$ = STR$(G%) 230 M = LEN(G$) <> 4 OR G% = 0 240 IF NOT M THEN FOR I = 2 TO 4 : M = MID$(G$, I, 1) = "0" : IF NOT M THEN NEXT I 250 IF NOT M THEN FOR I = 1 TO 3 : FOR J = I + 1 TO 4 : M = MID$(G$, I, 1) = MID$(G$, J, 1) : IF NOT M THEN NEXT J, I 260 IF M THEN PRINT "THE GUESS IS MALFORMED." : NEXT Q 270 B = 0 280 C = 0 300 FOR I = 1 TO 4 310 C$ = MID$(N$, I, 1) 320 BULL = MID$(G$, I, 1) = C$ 330 COW = 0 340 IF NOT BULL THEN FOR J = 1 TO 4 : COW = MID$(G$, J, 1) = C$ : IF NOT COW THEN NEXT J 350 B = B + BULL 360 C = C + COW 370 NEXT I 380 PRINT B " BULLS, " C " COWS" 390 Q = G$ = N$ 400 NEXT Q</lang>
Commodore BASIC
Based on the AppleSoft BASIC version. Modifications as follows:
- Accommodate 80 character BASIC line length (for line 250 especially), created subroutines.
- Booleans in Commodore BASIC evaluate to -1 for TRUE, therefore ABS function added to give desired results.
- Leading space in printed numbers (which is placeholder for negative sign) is included in string conversion in Commodore BASIC, therefore RIGHT$ function added on 220 to trim leading whitespace upon conversion.
- Other formatting (clear screen, etc.) unique to Commodore BASIC.
<lang FreeBasic>100 D$="123456789" 110 FOR I=1 TO 4 120 P=INT(RND(1)*LEN(D$))+1 130 N$=N$+MID$(D$,P,1) 140 D$=MID$(D$,1,P - 1)+MID$(D$,P+1,8) 150 NEXT 160 PRINT CHR$(147);"A RANDOM NUMBER HAS BEEN CREATED." 170 PRINT "THE NUMBER HAS FOUR DIGITS FROM 1 TO 9, WITHOUT DUPLICATION." 200 FOR Q=0 TO 1 STEP 0 210 INPUT "GUESS THE NUMBER: "; G% 219 REM CONVERT TO STRING AND TRIM LEADING SPACE 220 G$=RIGHT$(STR$(G%),4) 230 M=LEN(G$)<>4 OR G%=0 240 IF NOT M THEN GOSUB 600 250 IF NOT M THEN GOSUB 700 260 IF M THEN PRINT "THE GUESS IS MALFORMED.":NEXT Q 270 B=0 280 C=0 300 FOR I=1 TO 4 310 C$=MID$(N$,I,1) 320 BULL=MID$(G$,I,1)=C$ 330 COW=0 340 IF NOT BULL THEN FOR J=1 TO 4:COW=MID$(G$,J,1)=C$:IF NOT COW THEN NEXT J 350 B=B+ABS(BULL) 360 C=C+ABS(COW) 370 NEXT I 380 PRINT "BULLS:";B:PRINT "COWS:";C 390 Q=ABS(G$=N$) 400 NEXT Q 500 PRINT "GOOD JOB!":END 600 FOR I=2 TO 4:M=MID$(G$,I,1)="0" 610 IF NOT M THEN NEXT I 620 RETURN 700 FOR I=1 TO 3 710 FOR J=I+1 TO 4 720 M=MID$(G$,I,1)=MID$(G$,J,1) 730 IF NOT M THEN NEXT J,I 740 RETURN </lang>
IS-BASIC
<lang IS-BASIC>100 PROGRAM "Bulls.bas" 110 RANDOMIZE 120 STRING C$*4 130 LET GUESS=0 140 DO 150 LET C$=STR$(RND(8701)+1199) 160 LOOP UNTIL CHECK$(C$)=C$ 170 CLEAR SCREEN:PRINT "Welcome to 'Bulls and Cows!'" 180 DO 190 DO 200 PRINT :INPUT PROMPT "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ":G$ 210 IF CHECK$(G$)="" THEN PRINT "You should enter 4-digit number with no duplicate digits." 220 LOOP UNTIL CHECK$(G$)=G$ AND G$<>"" 230 LET GUESS=GUESS+1:LET BULLS,COWS=0 240 FOR I=1 TO 4 250 IF C$(I)=G$(I) THEN 260 LET BULLS=BULLS+1 270 ELSE IF POS(C$,G$(I))<>0 THEN 280 LET COWS=COWS+1 290 END IF 300 NEXT 310 PRINT BULLS;"bulls,";COWS;"cows" 320 LOOP UNTIL C$=G$ 330 PRINT "You won after";GUESS;"guesses!" 340 DEF CHECK$(S$) 350 LET CHECK$="" 360 IF LEN(STR$(VAL(S$)))=4 AND POS(S$,"0")=0 THEN LET CHECK$=S$ 370 FOR I=1 TO 4 380 IF POS(S$(:I-1),S$(I)) OR POS(S$(I+1:),S$(I)) THEN LET CHECK$="" 390 NEXT 400 END DEF</lang>
ZX Spectrum Basic
<lang zxbasic>10 DIM n(10): LET c$="" 20 FOR i=1 TO 4 30 LET d=INT (RND*9+1) 40 IF n(d)=1 THEN GO TO 30 50 LET n(d)=1 60 LET c$=c$+STR$ d 70 NEXT i 80 LET guesses=0 90 INPUT "Guess a 4-digit number (1 to 9) with no duplicate digits: ";guess 100 IF guess=0 THEN STOP 110 IF guess>9999 OR guess<1000 THEN PRINT "Only 4 numeric digits, please": GO TO 90 120 LET bulls=0: LET cows=0: LET guesses=guesses+1: LET g$=STR$ guess 130 FOR i=1 TO 4 140 IF g$(i)=c$(i) THEN LET bulls=bulls+1: GO TO 160 150 IF n(VAL g$(i))=1 THEN LET cows=cows+1 160 NEXT i 170 PRINT bulls;" bulls, ";cows;" cows" 180 IF c$=g$ THEN PRINT "You won after ";guesses;" guesses!": GO TO 10 190 GO TO 90 </lang>
Batch File
<lang dos>:: Bulls and Cows Task from Rosetta Code
- Batch File Implementation
@echo off setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
- initialization
- begin
set "list_chars=123456789" set "list_length=9" set "code=" set "code_length=4" %== this should be less than 10 ==% set "tries=0" %== number of tries ==%
- generate the code to be guessed by player
set "chars_left=%list_chars%" for /l %%c in (1, 1, %code_length%) do (
set /a "rnd=!random! %% (%list_length% + 1 - %%c)" for %%? in (!rnd!) do set "pick_char=!chars_left:~%%?,1!" set "code=!code!!pick_char!" for %%? in (!pick_char!) do set "chars_left=!chars_left:%%?=!"
)
- get the min and max allowable guess for input validation
set "min=!list_chars:~0,%code_length%!" set "max=" for /l %%c in (1, 1, %code_length%) do set "max=!max!!list_chars:~-%%c,1!"
- display game
- display
cls echo( echo(Bulls and Cows Game echo(Batch File Implementation echo( echo(Gameplay: echo( echo(I have generated a %code_length%-digit code from digits 1-9 without duplication. echo(Your objective is to guess it. If your guess is equal to my code, echo(then you WIN. If not, I will score your guess: echo( echo(** A score of one BULL is accumulated for each digit in your guess echo(that equals the corresponding digit in my code. echo( echo(** A score of one COW is accumulated for each digit in your guess echo(that also appears in my code, but in the WRONG position. echo( echo(Now, start guessing^^!
- input guess
- guess
echo( set "guess=" %== clear input ==% set /p "guess=Your Guess: "
- validate input
if "!guess!" gtr "%max%" goto invalid if "!guess!" lss "%min%" goto invalid set /a "last_idx=%code_length% - 1" for /l %%i in (0, 1, %last_idx%) do (
set /a "next_idx=%%i + 1"
for /l %%j in (!next_idx!, 1, %last_idx%) do (
if "!guess:~%%i,1!" equ "!guess:~%%j,1!" goto invalid
)
) goto score
- display that input is invalid
- invalid
echo(Please input a valid guess. goto guess
- scoring section
- score
set /a "tries+=1" if "%guess%" equ "%code%" goto win set "cow=0" set "bull=0" for /l %%i in (0, 1, %last_idx%) do (
for /l %%j in (0, 1, %last_idx%) do (
if "!guess:~%%i,1!" equ "!code:~%%j,1!" (
if "%%i" equ "%%j" (
set /a "bull+=1"
) else (
set /a "cow+=1"
)
)
)
)
- display score and go back to user input
echo(BULLS = %bull%; COWS = %cow%. goto guess
- player wins!
- win
echo( echo(After %tries% tries, YOU CRACKED IT^^! My code is %code%. echo( set /p "opt=Play again? " if /i "!opt!" equ "y" goto begin exit /b 0</lang>
- Output:
Bulls and Cows Game Batch File Implementation Gameplay: I have generated a 4-digit code from digits 1-9 without duplication. Your objective is to guess it. If your guess is equal to my code, then you WIN. If not, I will score your guess: ** A score of one BULL is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in my code. ** A score of one COW is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in my code, but in the WRONG position. Now, start guessing! Your Guess: 0123 Please input a valid guess. Your Guess: 1234 BULLS = 0; COWS = 3. Your Guess: 4123 BULLS = 2; COWS = 1. ... Your Guess: 4391 BULLS = 2; COWS = 0. Your Guess: 4521 BULLS = 3; COWS = 0. Your Guess: 4621 BULLS = 3; COWS = 0. Your Guess: 4821 After 10 tries, YOU CRACKED IT! My code is 4821. Play again?
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> secret$ = ""
REPEAT
c$ = CHR$(&30 + RND(9))
IF INSTR(secret$, c$) = 0 secret$ += c$
UNTIL LEN(secret$) = 4
PRINT "Guess a four-digit number with no digit used twice."'
guesses% = 0
REPEAT
REPEAT
INPUT "Enter your guess: " guess$
IF LEN(guess$) <> 4 PRINT "Must be a four-digit number"
UNTIL LEN(guess$) = 4
guesses% += 1
IF guess$ = secret$ PRINT "You won after "; guesses% " guesses!" : END
bulls% = 0
cows% = 0
FOR i% = 1 TO 4
c$ = MID$(secret$, i%, 1)
IF MID$(guess$, i%, 1) = c$ THEN
bulls% += 1
ELSE IF INSTR(guess$, c$) THEN
cows% += 1
ENDIF
ENDIF
NEXT i%
PRINT "You got " ;bulls% " bull(s) and " ;cows% " cow(s)."
UNTIL FALSE
</lang>
BCPL
<lang bcpl>get "libhdr"
static $( randstate = ? $)
let randdigit() = valof $( let x = ?
$( randstate := random(randstate)
x := (randstate >> 7) & 15
$) repeatuntil 0 < x <= 9
resultis x
$)
let gensecret(s) be
for i=0 to 3
s!i := randdigit() repeatuntil valof
$( for j=0 to i-1 if s!i = s!j then resultis false
resultis true
$)
let bulls(secret, guess) = valof $( let x = 0
for i=0 to 3 if secret!i = guess!i then x := x + 1 resultis x
$)
let cows(secret, guess) = valof $( let x = 0
for i=0 to 3
for j=0 to 3
unless i=j
if secret!i = guess!j then x := x + 1
resultis x
$)
let readguess(guess) be $( let g, v = ?, true
writes("Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: ")
g := readn()
if g=0 then finish
for i=3 to 0 by -1
$( guess!i := g rem 10
g := g / 10
$)
for i=0 to 2 for j = i+1 to 3
v := v & guess!i ~= 0 & guess!j ~= 0 & guess!i ~= guess!j
if v then return
writes("Invalid guess.*N")
$) repeat
let play(secret) be $( let tries, b, c = 0, ?, ?
let guess = vec 3
$( readguess(guess)
b := bulls(secret, guess)
c := cows(secret, guess)
writef("Bulls: %N, cows: %N*N", b, c);
tries := tries + 1
$) repeatuntil b = 4
writef("You win in %N tries.*N", tries)
$)
let start() be $( let secret = vec 3
writes("Bulls and cows*N----- --- ----*N")
writes("Please enter a random seed: ")
randstate := readn()
wrch('*N')
gensecret(secret)
play(secret)
$)</lang>
- Output:
Bulls and cows ----- --- ---- Please enter a random seed: 20394 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 1234 Bulls: 0, cows: 3 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 4321 Bulls: 1, cows: 2 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 1423 Bulls: 2, cows: 1 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 1243 Bulls: 1, cows: 2 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 4123 Bulls: 3, cows: 0 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 4523 Bulls: 2, cows: 0 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 5123 Bulls: 3, cows: 0 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 6123 Bulls: 3, cows: 0 Enter a guess, or 0 to quit: 7123 Bulls: 4, cows: 0 You win in 9 tries.
Brat
<lang brat>secret_length = 4
secret = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9].shuffle.pop secret_length
score = { guess |
cows = 0 bulls = 0
guess.each_with_index { digit, index |
true? digit == secret[index]
{ bulls = bulls + 1 }
{ true? secret.include?(digit)
{ cows = cows + 1 }
}
}
[cows: cows, bulls: bulls]
}
won = false guesses = 1
p "I have chosen a number with four unique digits from 1 through 9. Can you guess it?"
while { not won }
{
print "Guess #{guesses}: "
guess = g.strip.dice.map { d | d.to_i }
when { guess == secret } { p "You won in #{guesses} guesses!"; won = true }
{ guess.include?(0) || guess.include?(null) } { p "Your guess should only include digits 1 through 9." }
{ guess.length != secret.length } { p "Your guess was not the correct length. The number has exactly #{secret.length} digits." }
{ guess.unique.length != secret.length } { p "Each digit should only appear once in your guess." }
{ true } {
result = score guess
p "Score: #{result[:bulls]} bulls, #{result[:cows]} cows."
guesses = guesses + 1
}
}</lang>
C
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdarg.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <stdbool.h>
- include <curses.h>
- include <string.h>
- define MAX_NUM_TRIES 72
- define LINE_BEGIN 7
- define LAST_LINE 18
int yp=LINE_BEGIN, xp=0;
char number[5]; char guess[5];
- define MAX_STR 256
void mvaddstrf(int y, int x, const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args; char buf[MAX_STR]; va_start(args, fmt); vsprintf(buf, fmt, args); move(y, x); clrtoeol(); addstr(buf); va_end(args);
}
void ask_for_a_number() {
int i=0; char symbols[] = "123456789";
move(5,0); clrtoeol();
addstr("Enter four digits: ");
while(i<4) {
int c = getch();
if ( (c >= '1') && (c <= '9') && (symbols[c-'1']!=0) ) {
addch(c);
symbols[c-'1'] = 0;
guess[i++] = c;
}
}
}
void choose_the_number() {
int i=0, j; char symbols[] = "123456789";
while(i<4) {
j = rand() % 9;
if ( symbols[j] != 0 ) {
number[i++] = symbols[j];
symbols[j] = 0;
}
}
}</lang>
The following function contains the code to check how many bulls and cows there are.
<lang c>bool take_it_or_not() {
int i; int cows=0, bulls=0;
for(i=0; i < 4; i++) {
if ( number[i] == guess[i] ) {
bulls++;
} else if ( strchr(number, guess[i]) != NULL ) {
cows++;
}
}
move(yp, xp);
addstr(guess); addch(' ');
if ( bulls == 4 ) { yp++; return true; }
if ( (cows==0) && (bulls==0) ) addch('-');
while( cows-- > 0 ) addstr("O");
while( bulls-- > 0 ) addstr("X");
yp++;
if ( yp > LAST_LINE ) {
yp = LINE_BEGIN;
xp += 10;
}
return false;
}
bool ask_play_again() {
int i;
while(yp-- >= LINE_BEGIN) {
move(yp, 0); clrtoeol();
}
yp = LINE_BEGIN; xp = 0;
move(21,0); clrtoeol();
addstr("Do you want to play again? [y/n]");
while(true) {
int a = getch();
switch(a) {
case 'y':
case 'Y':
return true;
case 'n':
case 'N':
return false;
}
}
}
int main()
{
bool bingo, again; int tries = 0;
initscr(); cbreak(); noecho(); clear();
number[4] = guess[4] = 0;
mvaddstr(0,0, "I choose a number made of 4 digits (from 1 to 9) without repetitions\n"
"You enter a number of 4 digits, and I say you how many of them are\n"
"in my secret number but in wrong position (cows or O), and how many\n"
"are in the right position (bulls or X)");
do {
move(20,0); clrtoeol(); move(21, 0); clrtoeol();
srand(time(NULL));
choose_the_number();
do {
ask_for_a_number();
bingo = take_it_or_not();
tries++;
} while(!bingo && (tries < MAX_NUM_TRIES));
if ( bingo )
mvaddstrf(20, 0, "You guessed %s correctly in %d attempts!", number, tries);
else
mvaddstrf(20,0, "Sorry, you had only %d tries...; the number was %s",
MAX_NUM_TRIES, number);
again = ask_play_again(); tries = 0; } while(again); nocbreak(); echo(); endwin(); return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}</lang>
C#
<lang csharp>using System;
namespace BullsnCows {
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
KnuthShuffle<int>(ref nums);
int[] chosenNum = new int[4];
Array.Copy(nums, chosenNum, 4);
Console.WriteLine("Your Guess ?");
while (!game(Console.ReadLine(), chosenNum))
{
Console.WriteLine("Your next Guess ?");
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static void KnuthShuffle<T>(ref T[] array)
{
System.Random random = new System.Random();
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
int j = random.Next(array.Length);
T temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp;
}
}
public static bool game(string guess, int[] num)
{
char[] guessed = guess.ToCharArray();
int bullsCount = 0, cowsCount = 0;
if (guessed.Length != 4)
{
Console.WriteLine("Not a valid guess.");
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
int curguess = (int) char.GetNumericValue(guessed[i]);
if (curguess < 1 || curguess > 9)
{
Console.WriteLine("Digit must be ge greater 0 and lower 10.");
return false;
}
if (curguess == num[i])
{
bullsCount++;
}
else
{
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
if (curguess == num[j])
cowsCount++;
}
}
}
if (bullsCount == 4)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations! You have won!");
return true;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Your Score is {0} bulls and {1} cows", bullsCount, cowsCount);
return false;
}
}
}
} </lang>
C++
<lang cpp>#include <iostream>
- include <string>
- include <algorithm>
- include <cstdlib>
bool contains_duplicates(std::string s) {
std::sort(s.begin(), s.end()); return std::adjacent_find(s.begin(), s.end()) != s.end();
}
void game() {
typedef std::string::size_type index;
std::string symbols = "0123456789"; unsigned int const selection_length = 4;
std::random_shuffle(symbols.begin(), symbols.end());
std::string selection = symbols.substr(0, selection_length);
std::string guess;
while (std::cout << "Your guess? ", std::getline(std::cin, guess))
{
if (guess.length() != selection_length
|| guess.find_first_not_of(symbols) != std::string::npos
|| contains_duplicates(guess))
{
std::cout << guess << " is not a valid guess!";
continue;
}
unsigned int bulls = 0;
unsigned int cows = 0;
for (index i = 0; i != selection_length; ++i)
{
index pos = selection.find(guess[i]);
if (pos == i)
++bulls;
else if (pos != std::string::npos)
++cows;
}
std::cout << bulls << " bulls, " << cows << " cows.\n";
if (bulls == selection_length)
{
std::cout << "Congratulations! You have won!\n";
return;
}
}
std::cerr << "Oops! Something went wrong with input, or you've entered end-of-file!\nExiting ...\n";
std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int main() {
std::cout << "Welcome to bulls and cows!\nDo you want to play? ";
std::string answer;
while (true)
{
while (true)
{
if (!std::getline(std::cin, answer))
{
std::cout << "I can't get an answer. Exiting.\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
if (answer == "yes" || answer == "Yes" || answer == "y" || answer == "Y")
break;
if (answer == "no" || answer == "No" || answer == "n" || answer == "N")
{
std::cout << "Ok. Goodbye.\n";
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
std::cout << "Please answer yes or no: ";
}
game();
std::cout << "Another game? ";
}
}</lang>
Ceylon
<lang ceylon>import ceylon.random {
DefaultRandom
}
shared void run() {
value random = DefaultRandom();
function generateDigits() =>
random.elements(1..9).distinct.take(4).sequence();
function validate(String guess) {
variable value ok = true;
if (!guess.every((Character element) => element.digit)) {
print("numbers only, please");
ok = false;
}
if ('0' in guess) {
print("only 1 to 9, please");
ok = false;
}
if (guess.distinct.shorterThan(guess.size)) {
print("no duplicates, please");
ok = false;
}
if (guess.size != 4) {
print("4 digits please");
ok = false;
}
return ok;
}
function score({Integer*} target, {Integer*} guess) {
variable value bulls = 0;
variable value cows = 0;
for ([a, b] in zipPairs(target, guess)) {
if (a == b) {
bulls++;
} else if (target.contains(b)) {
cows++;
}
}
return [bulls, cows];
}
while (true) {
value digits = generateDigits();
print("I have chosen my four digits, please guess what they are.
Use only the digits 1 to 9 with no duplicates and enter them with no spaces. eg 1234
Enter q or Q to quit.");
while (true) {
if (exists line = process.readLine()) {
if (line.uppercased == "Q") {
return;
}
if (validate(line)) {
value guessDigits = line.map((Character element) => Integer.parse(element.string)).narrow<Integer>();
value [bulls, cows] = score(digits, guessDigits);
if (bulls == 4) {
print("You win!");
break;
}
else {
print("Bulls: ``bulls``, Cows: ``cows``");
}
}
}
}
}
}</lang>
Clojure
<lang clojure> (ns bulls-and-cows)
(defn bulls [guess solution]
(count (filter true? (map = guess solution))))
(defn cows [guess solution]
(- (count (filter (set solution) guess)) (bulls guess solution)))
(defn valid-input?
"checks whether the string is a 4 digit number with unique digits"
[user-input]
(if (re-seq #"^(?!.*(\d).*\1)\d{4}$" user-input)
true
false))
(defn enter-guess []
"Let the user enter a guess. Verify the input. Repeat until valid.
returns a list of digits enters by the user (# # # #)"
(println "Enter your guess: ")
(let [guess (read-line)]
(if (valid-input? guess)
(map #(Character/digit % 10) guess)
(recur))))
(defn bulls-and-cows []
"generate a random 4 digit number from the list of (1 ... 9): no repeating digits
player tries to guess the number with bull and cows rules gameplay"
(let [solution ( take 4 (shuffle (range 1 10)))]
(println "lets play some bulls and cows!")
(loop [guess (enter-guess)]
(println (bulls guess solution) " bulls and " (cows guess solution) " cows.")
(if (not= guess solution)
(recur (enter-guess))
(println "You have won!")))))
(bulls-and-cows) </lang>
CLU
<lang clu>% This program needs to be merged with PCLU's "misc" library % to use the random number generator. % % pclu -merge $CLUHOME/lib/misc.lib -compile bulls_cows.clu
% Seed the random number generator with the current time init_rng = proc ()
d: date := now() seed: int := ((d.hour*60) + d.minute)*60 + d.second random$seed(seed)
end init_rng
% Generate a secret make_secret = proc () returns (sequence[int])
secret: array[int] := array[int]$[0,0,0,0]
for i: int in int$from_to(1,4) do
digit: int
valid: bool := false
while ~valid do
digit := 1+random$next(9)
valid := true
for j: int in int$from_to(1, i-1) do
if secret[i] = digit then
valid := false
break
end
end
end
secret[i] := digit
end
return(sequence[int]$a2s(secret))
end make_secret
% Count the bulls bulls = proc (secret, input: sequence[int]) returns (int)
n_bulls: int := 0
for i: int in int$from_to(1,4) do
if secret[i] = input[i] then n_bulls := n_bulls + 1 end
end
return(n_bulls)
end bulls
% Count the cows cows = proc (secret, input: sequence[int]) returns (int)
n_cows: int := 0
for i: int in int$from_to(1,4) do
for j: int in int$from_to(1,4) do
if i ~= j cand secret[i] = input[j] then
n_cows := n_cows + 1
end
end
end
return(n_cows)
end cows
% Read a guess player_guess = proc () returns (sequence[int])
pi: stream := stream$primary_input()
po: stream := stream$primary_output()
while true do % we will keep reading until the guess is valid
stream$puts(po, "Guess? ")
guess: string := stream$getl(pi)
% check length
if string$size(guess) ~= 4 then
stream$putl(po, "Invalid guess: need four digits.")
continue
end
% get and check digits
valid: bool := true
digits: sequence[int] := sequence[int]$[]
for c: char in string$chars(guess) do
i: int := char$c2i(c) - 48
if ~(i>=1 & i<=9) then
valid := false
break
end
digits := sequence[int]$addh(digits,i)
end
if ~valid then
stream$putl(po, "Invalid guess: each position needs to be a digit 1-9.")
continue
end
% check that there are no duplicates
valid := true
for i: int in int$from_to(1,4) do
for j: int in int$from_to(i+1,4) do
if digits[i] = digits[j] then
valid := false
break
end
end
end
if ~valid then
stream$putl(po, "Invalid guess: there must be no duplicate digits.")
continue
end
return(digits)
end
end player_guess
% Play a game play_game = proc (secret: sequence[int])
po: stream := stream$primary_output()
n_guesses: int := 0
while true do
n_guesses := n_guesses + 1
guess: sequence[int] := player_guess()
n_bulls: int := bulls(secret, guess)
n_cows: int := cows(secret, guess)
stream$putl(po, "Bulls: " || int$unparse(n_bulls)
|| ", cows: " || int$unparse(n_cows))
if n_bulls = 4 then
stream$putl(po, "Congratulations! You won in "
|| int$unparse(n_guesses) || " tries.")
break
end
end
end play_game
start_up = proc ()
po: stream := stream$primary_output() init_rng() stream$putl(po, "Bulls and cows\n----- --- ----\n") play_game(make_secret())
end start_up</lang>
- Output:
Bulls and cows ----- --- ---- Guess? 1234 Bulls: 0, cows: 1 Guess? 5678 Bulls: 0, cows: 2 Guess? 4579 Bulls: 1, cows: 2 Guess? 3579 Bulls: 2, cows: 2 Guess? 3759 Bulls: 4, cows: 0 Congratulations! You won in 5 tries.
Coco
To handle I/O, we use functions named say (which simply outputs a string) and prompt (which takes a prompt string to display to the user and returns a line of input, without a trailing newline). These require platform-specific implementations. Here's how they can be implemented for the SpiderMonkey shell:
<lang coco>say = print prompt = (str) ->
putstr str readline! ? quit!</lang>
We can now solve the task using say and prompt:
<lang coco>const SIZE = 4
secret = _.sample ['1' to '9'], SIZE
for ever
var guess
for ever
guess := _.uniq prompt 'Enter a guess: '
if guess.length === SIZE and not _.difference guess, ['1' to '9'] .length
break
say 'Malformed guess; try again.'
bulls = cows = 0
for i til SIZE
if guess[i] === secret[i]
++bulls
else if _.contains secret, guess[i]
++cows
if bulls === SIZE
break
say "#bulls bull#{[if bulls !== 1 then 's']}, #cows cow#{[if cows !== 1 then 's']}."
say 'A winner is you!'</lang>
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(defun get-number ()
(do ((digits '()))
((>= (length digits) 4) digits)
(pushnew (1+ (random 9)) digits)))
(defun compute-score (guess number)
(let ((cows 0)
(bulls 0))
(map nil (lambda (guess-digit number-digit)
(cond ((= guess-digit number-digit) (incf bulls))
((member guess-digit number) (incf cows))))
guess number)
(values cows bulls)))
(defun number->guess (number)
(when (integerp number)
(do ((digits '()))
((zerop number) digits)
(multiple-value-bind (quotient remainder) (floor number 10)
(push remainder digits)
(setf number quotient)))))
(defun valid-guess-p (guess)
(and (= 4 (length guess))
(every (lambda (digit) (<= 1 digit 9)) guess)
(equal guess (remove-duplicates guess))))
(defun play-game (&optional (stream *query-io*))
(do ((number (get-number))
(cows 0)
(bulls 0))
((= 4 bulls))
(format stream "~&Guess a 4-digit number: ")
(let ((guess (number->guess (read stream))))
(cond ((not (valid-guess-p guess))
(format stream "~&Malformed guess."))
(t
(setf (values cows bulls) (compute-score guess number))
(if (= 4 bulls)
(format stream "~&Correct, you win!")
(format stream "~&Score: ~a cows, ~a bulls."
cows bulls)))))))</lang>
Crystal
<lang Ruby>size = 4 secret = ('1'..'9').to_a.sample(size) guess = [] of Char
i = 0 loop do
i += 1
loop do
print "Guess #{i}: "
guess = gets.not_nil!.chomp.chars
exit if guess.empty?
break if guess.size == size &&
guess.all? { |x| ('1'..'9').includes? x } &&
guess.uniq.size == size
puts "Problem, try again. You need to enter #{size} unique digits from 1 to 9"
end
if guess == secret
puts "Congratulations you guessed correctly in #{i} attempts"
break
end
bulls = cows = 0
size.times do |j|
if guess[j] == secret[j]
bulls += 1
elsif secret.includes? guess[j]
cows += 1
end
end
puts "Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}"
end</lang>
D
<lang d>void main() {
import std.stdio, std.random, std.string, std.algorithm,
std.range, std.ascii;
immutable hidden = "123456789"d.randomCover.take(4).array;
while (true) {
"Next guess: ".write;
const d = readln.strip.array.sort().release;
if (d.count == 4 && d.all!isDigit && d.uniq.count == 4) {
immutable bulls = d.zip(hidden).count!q{ a[0] == a[1] },
cows = d.count!(g => hidden.canFind(g)) - bulls;
if (bulls == 4)
return " You guessed it!".writeln;
writefln("bulls %d, cows %d", bulls, cows);
}
" Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)".writeln;
}
}</lang>
- Output:
Next guess: 6548 bulls 0, cows 3 Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9) Next guess: 5284 bulls 2, cows 1 Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9) Next guess: 4386 bulls 0, cows 2 Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9) Next guess: - Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9) Next guess: 5894 bulls 3, cows 0 Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9) Next guess: 5874 bulls 3, cows 0 Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9) Next guess: 5814 You guessed it!
Delphi
See #Pascal.
E
Note: This example was deliberately written in an abstracted style, separating out the algorithms, game logic, and UI.
<lang e>def Digit := 1..9 def Number := Tuple[Digit,Digit,Digit,Digit]
/** Choose a random number to be guessed. */ def pick4(entropy) {
def digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].diverge()
# Partial Fisher-Yates shuffle
for i in 0..!4 {
def other := entropy.nextInt(digits.size() - i) + i
def t := digits[other]
digits[other] := digits[i]
digits[i] := t
}
return digits(0, 4)
}
/** Compute the score of a guess. */ def scoreGuess(actual :Number, guess :Number) {
var bulls := 0
var cows := 0
for i => digit in guess {
if (digit == actual[i]) {
bulls += 1
} else if (actual.indexOf1(digit) != -1) {
cows += 1
}
}
return [bulls, cows]
}
/** Parse a guess string into a list of digits (Number). */ def parseGuess(guessString, fail) :Number {
if (guessString.size() != 4) {
return fail(`I need four digits, not ${guessString.size()} digits.`)
} else {
var digits := []
for c in guessString {
if (('1'..'9')(c)) {
digits with= c - '0'
} else {
return fail(`I need a digit from 1 to 9, not "$c".`)
}
}
return digits
}
}
/** The game loop: asking for guesses and reporting scores and win conditions.
The return value is null or a broken reference if there was a problem. */
def bullsAndCows(askUserForGuess, tellUser, entropy) {
def actual := pick4(entropy)
def gameTurn() {
return when (def guessString := askUserForGuess <- ()) -> {
escape tellAndContinue {
def guess := parseGuess(guessString, tellAndContinue)
def [bulls, cows] := scoreGuess(actual, guess)
if (bulls == 4) {
tellUser <- (`You got it! The number is $actual!`)
null
} else {
tellAndContinue(`Your score for $guessString is $bulls bulls and $cows cows.`)
}
} catch message {
# The parser or scorer has something to say, and the game continues afterward
when (tellUser <- (message)) -> {
gameTurn()
}
}
} catch p {
# Unexpected problem of some sort
tellUser <- ("Sorry, game crashed.")
throw(p)
}
}
return gameTurn()
}</lang>
REPL user interface
def replBullsAndCows() {
when (
bullsAndCows(fn {
def [guess, env] := e`def guess; guess`.evalToPair(interp.getTopScope().nestOuter())
interp.setTopScope(env)
println("Please type “ bind guess := \"your guess here\" ”.")
guess
}, println, entropy)
) -> {} catch p {
println(`$p${p.eStack()}`)
}
}
Graphical user interface
(Java Swing)
<lang e>def guiBullsAndCows() {
var lastGuess := ""
def op := <unsafe:javax.swing.makeJOptionPane>
return bullsAndCows(fn {
lastGuess := op.showInputDialog(null, "Enter your guess:", lastGuess)
if (lastGuess == null) {
# canceled, so just fail to return an answer and let the game logic get GCed
Ref.promise()[0]
} else {
lastGuess
}
}, fn msg {
op.showMessageDialog(null, msg)
}, entropy)
}</lang>
EasyLang
<lang>dig[] = [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] for i range 4
h = i + random (9 - i) swap dig[i] dig[h]
.
- print dig[]
len g[] 4 attempts = 0 repeat
repeat
ok = 0
s$[] = strchars input
if len s$[] = 4
ok = 1
for i range 4
g[i] = number s$[i]
if g[i] = 0
ok = 0
.
.
.
until ok = 1
.
print g[]
attempts += 1
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i range 4
if g[i] = dig[i]
bulls += 1
else
for j range 4
if dig[j] = g[i]
cows += 1
.
.
.
.
print "bulls:" & bulls & " cows:" & cows
until bulls = 4
. print "Well done! " & attempts & " attempts needed."</lang>
Eiffel
<lang Eiffel> class BULLS_AND_COWS
create execute
feature
execute -- Initiate game. do io.put_string ("Let's play bulls and cows.%N") create answer.make_empty play end
feature {NONE}
play -- Plays bulls ans cows. local count, seed: INTEGER guess: STRING do from until seed > 0 loop io.put_string ("Enter a positive integer.%NYour play will be generated from it.%N") io.read_integer seed := io.last_integer end generate_answer (seed) io.put_string ("Your game has been created.%N Try to guess the four digit number.%N") create guess.make_empty from until guess ~ answer loop io.put_string ("Guess: ") io.read_line guess := io.last_string if guess.count = 4 and guess.is_natural and not guess.has ('0') then io.put_string (score (guess) + "%N") count := count + 1 else io.put_string ("Your input does not have the correct format.") end end io.put_string ("Congratulations! You won with " + count.out + " guesses.") end
answer: STRING
generate_answer (s: INTEGER) -- Answer with 4-digits between 1 and 9 stored in 'answer'. require positive_seed: s > 0 local random: RANDOM ran: INTEGER do create random.set_seed (s) from until answer.count = 4 loop ran := (random.double_item * 10).floor if ran > 0 and not answer.has_substring (ran.out) then answer.append (ran.out) end random.forth end ensure answer_not_void: answer /= Void correct_length: answer.count = 4 end
score (g: STRING): STRING -- Score for the guess 'g' depending on 'answer'. require same_length: answer.count = g.count local k: INTEGER a, ge: STRING do Result := "" a := answer.twin ge := g.twin across 1 |..| a.count as c loop if a [c.item] ~ ge [c.item] then Result := Result + "BULL " a [c.item] := ' ' ge [c.item] := ' ' end end across 1 |..| a.count as c loop if a [c.item] /= ' ' then k := ge.index_of (a [c.item], 1) if k > 0 then Result := Result + "COW " ge [k] := ' ' end end end end
end </lang>
- Output:
Let's play bulls and cows. Enter a positive integer. Your play will be generated from it. 2 Guess: 2497 BULL COW Guess: 2486 BULL COW COW Guess: 2485 BULL COW COW Guess: 2483 BULL BULL COW COW Guess: 2438 BULL COW COW COW Guess: 2843 BULL BULL BULL BULL Congratulations! You won with 6 guesses.
Elena
ELENA 5.0 : <lang elena>import system'routines; import extensions;
class GameMaster {
object theNumbers; object theAttempt;
constructor()
{
// generate secret number
var randomNumbers := new int[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}.randomize(9);
theNumbers := randomNumbers.Subarray(0, 4);
theAttempt := new Integer(1);
}
ask()
{
var row := console.print("Your Guess #",theAttempt," ?").readLine();
^ row.toArray()
}
proceed(guess)
{
int cows := 0;
int bulls := 0;
if (guess.Length != 4)
{
bulls := -1
}
else
{
try
{
for (int i := 0, i < 4, i+=1) {
var ch := guess[i];
var number := ch.toString().toInt();
// check range
ifnot (number > 0 && number < 10)
{ InvalidArgumentException.raise() };
// check duplicates
var duplicate := guess.seekEach:(x => (x == ch)&&(x.equalReference(ch).Inverted));
if (nil != duplicate)
{
InvalidArgumentException.raise()
};
if (number == theNumbers[i])
{
bulls += 1
}
else
{
if (theNumbers.ifExists(number))
{ cows += 1 }
}
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
bulls := -1
}
};
bulls =>
-1 { console.printLine:"Not a valid guess."; ^ true }
4 { console.printLine:"Congratulations! You have won!"; ^ false }
: {
theAttempt.append(1);
console.printLine("Your Score is ",bulls," bulls and ",cows," cows");
^ true
}
}
}
public program() {
var gameMaster := new GameMaster();
(lazy:gameMaster.proceed(gameMaster.ask())).doWhile(); console.readChar()
}</lang>
- Output:
Your Guess #1 ?2497 Your Score is 1 bulls and 1 cows Your Guess #2 ?2486 Your Score is 1 bulls and 2 cows Your Guess #3 ?2485 Your Score is 1 bulls and 2 cows Your Guess #4 ?2483 Your Score is 2 bulls and 2 cows Your Guess #5 ?2438 Your Score is 1 bulls and 3 cows Your Guess #6 ?2843 Congratulations! You have won!
Elixir
<lang elixir>defmodule Bulls_and_cows do
def play(size \\ 4) do
secret = Enum.take_random(1..9, size) |> Enum.map(&to_string/1)
play(size, secret)
end
defp play(size, secret) do
guess = input(size)
if guess == secret do
IO.puts "You win!"
else
{bulls, cows} = count(guess, secret)
IO.puts " Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}"
play(size, secret)
end
end
defp input(size) do
guess = IO.gets("Enter your #{size}-digit guess: ") |> String.strip
cond do
guess == "" ->
IO.puts "Give up"
exit(:normal)
String.length(guess)==size and String.match?(guess, ~r/^[1-9]+$/) ->
String.codepoints(guess)
true -> input(size)
end
end
defp count(guess, secret) do
Enum.zip(guess, secret) |>
Enum.reduce({0,0}, fn {g,s},{bulls,cows} ->
cond do
g == s -> {bulls + 1, cows}
g in secret -> {bulls, cows + 1}
true -> {bulls, cows}
end
end)
end
end
Bulls_and_cows.play</lang>
- Output:
Enter your 4-digit guess: 1234 Bulls: 1; Cows: 1 Enter your 4-digit guess: 5678 Bulls: 0; Cows: 2 Enter your 4-digit guess: 2345 Bulls: 0; Cows: 1 Enter your 4-digit guess: 1456 Bulls: 1; Cows: 0 Enter your 4-digit guess: 1782 You win!
Erlang
Module: <lang erlang>-module(bulls_and_cows). -export([generate_secret/0, score_guess/2, play/0]).
% generate the secret code generate_secret() -> generate_secret([], 4, lists:seq(1,9)). generate_secret(Secret, 0, _) -> Secret; generate_secret(Secret, N, Digits) ->
Next = lists:nth(random:uniform(length(Digits)), Digits), generate_secret(Secret ++ [Next], N - 1, Digits -- [Next]).
% evaluate a guess score_guess(Secret, Guess)
when length(Secret) =/= length(Guess) -> throw(badguess);
score_guess(Secret, Guess) ->
Bulls = count_bulls(Secret,Guess), Cows = count_cows(Secret, Guess, Bulls), [Bulls, Cows].
% count bulls (exact matches) count_bulls(Secret, Guess) ->
length(lists:filter(fun(I) -> lists:nth(I,Secret) == lists:nth(I,Guess) end,
lists:seq(1, length(Secret)))).
% count cows (digits present but out of place) count_cows(Secret, Guess, Bulls) ->
length(lists:filter(fun(I) -> lists:member(I, Guess) end, Secret)) - Bulls.
% play a game play() -> play_round(generate_secret()).
play_round(Secret) -> play_round(Secret, read_guess()).
play_round(Secret, Guess) ->
play_round(Secret, Guess, score_guess(Secret,Guess)).
play_round(_, _, [4,0]) ->
io:put_chars("Correct!\n");
play_round(Secret, _, Score) ->
io:put_chars("\tbulls:"), io:write(hd(Score)), io:put_chars(", cows:"),
io:write(hd(tl(Score))), io:put_chars("\n"), play_round(Secret).
read_guess() ->
lists:map(fun(D)->D-48 end,
lists:sublist(io:get_line("Enter your 4-digit guess: "), 4)).</lang>
Script: <lang erlang>#!/usr/bin/escript % Play Bulls and Cows main(_) -> random:seed(now()), bulls_and_cows:play().</lang>
Sample play:
Enter your 4-digit guess: 8376 bulls:1, cows:0 Enter your 4-digit guess: 8941 bulls:1, cows:1 Enter your 4-digit guess: 8529 bulls:1, cows:1 Enter your 4-digit guess: 4926 bulls:1, cows:1 Enter your 4-digit guess: 9321 Correct!
Euphoria
<lang euphoria>include std\text.e include std\os.e include std\sequence.e include std\console.e
sequence bcData = {0,0} --bull,cow score for the player sequence goalNum = { {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, 0} --computer's secret number digits (element 1), marked as bull/cow --indexes in element 2, integer value of it in element 3 sequence currentGuess = { {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, 0} --player's guess, same format as goalNum sequence removeChars = 0 & " 0\r\t\n" --characters to trim (remove) from user's input. \r, \t are single escaped characters, --0 is ascii 0x0 and number zero is ascii 48, or 0x30. The rest are wysiwyg integer tries = 0 --track number of tries to guess the number sequence bcStrings ={"bull", "cow"} --stores singular and/or plural strings depending on score in bcData
goalNum[1] = rand( {9,9,9,9} ) --rand function works on objects. here it outputs into each sequence element. goalNum[3] = goalNum[1][1] * 1000 + goalNum[1][2] * 100 + goalNum[1][3] * 10 + goalNum[1][4] --convert digits to an integer --and store it
procedure getInputAndProcess(integer stage = 1) --object = 1 sets default value for the parameter if it isn't specified
goalNum[2][1..4] = 0 --{0,0,0,0} --set these to unscaned (0) since the scanning will start over.
currentGuess[1][1..4] = 0 --{0,0,0,0} --these too, or they will contain old marks
currentGuess[2][1..4] = 0
tries += 1 --equivalent to tries = tries + 1, but faster and shorter to write
bcData[1..2] = 0 -- {0,0}
if stage <= 1 then --if this process was run for the first time or with no parameters, then..
puts(1,"The program has thought of a four digit number using only digits 1 to 9.\nType your guess and press enter.\n")
end if
while 1 label "guesscheck" do --labels can be used to specify a jump point from exit or retry, and help readability
currentGuess[1] = trim(gets(0), removeChars) --get user input, trim unwanted characters from it, store it in currentGuess[1]
currentGuess[1] = mapping( currentGuess[1], {49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57}, {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} ) --convert ascii codes to
-- integer digits they represent
integer tempF = find('0',currentGuess[1])
if length(currentGuess[1]) != 4 or tempF != 0 then --if the input string is now more than 4 characters/integers,
--the input won't be used.
puts(1,"You probably typed too many digits or a 0. Try typing a new 4 digit number with only numbers 1 through 9.\n")
retry "guesscheck"
else
exit "guesscheck"
end if
end while
--convert separate digits to the one integer they represent and store it, like with goalNum[3]
currentGuess[3] = currentGuess[1][1] * 1000 + currentGuess[1][2] * 100 + currentGuess[1][3] * 10 + currentGuess[1][4]
--convert digits to the integer they represent, to print to a string later
--check for bulls
for i = 1 to 4 do
if goalNum[1][i] = currentGuess[1][i] then
goalNum[2][i] = 1
currentGuess[2][i] = 1
bcData[1] += 1
end if
end for
--check for cows, but not slots marked as bulls or cows already.
for i = 1 to 4 label "iGuessElem"do --loop through each guessed digit
for j = 1 to 4 label "jGoalElem" do --but first go through each goal digit, comparing the first guessed digit,
--and then the other guessed digits 2 through 4
if currentGuess[2][i] = 1 then --if the guessed digit we're comparing right now has been marked as bull or cow already
continue "iGuessElem" --skip to the next guess digit without comparing this guess digit to the other goal digits
end if
if goalNum[2][j] = 1 then --if the goal digit we're comparing to right now has been marked as a bull or cow already
continue "jGoalElem" --skip to the next goal digit
end if
if currentGuess[1][i] = goalNum[1][j] then --if the guessed digit is the same as the goal one,
--it won't be a bull, so it's a cow
bcData[2] += 1 --score one more cow
goalNum[2][j] = 1 --mark this digit as a found cow in the subsequence that stores 0's or 1's as flags
continue "iGuessElem" --skip to the next guess digit, so that this digit won't try to check for
--matches(cow) with other goal digits
end if
end for --this guess digit was compared to one goal digit , try comparing this guess digit with the next goal digit
end for --this guess digit was compared with all goal digits, compare the next guess digit to all the goal digits
if bcData[1] = 1 then --uses singular noun when there is score of 1, else plural
bcStrings[1] = "bull"
else
bcStrings[1] = "bulls"
end if
if bcData[2] = 1 then --the same kind of thing as above block
bcStrings[2] = "cow"
else
bcStrings[2] = "cows"
end if
if bcData[1] < 4 then --if less than 4 bulls were found, the player hasn't won, else they have...
printf(1, "Guess #%d : You guessed %d . You found %d %s, %d %s. Type new guess.\n", {tries, currentGuess[3], bcData[1], bcStrings[1], bcData[2], bcStrings[2]} )
getInputAndProcess(2)
else --else they have won and the procedure ends
printf(1, "The number was %d. You guessed %d in %d tries.\n", {goalNum[3], currentGuess[3], tries} )
any_key()--wait for keypress before closing console window.
end if
end procedure --run the procedure getInputAndProcess(1)
</lang>
Output :
The program has thought of a four digit number using only digits 1 to 9. Type your guess and press enter. 7456 Guess #1 : You guessed 7456 . You found 1 bull, 1 cow. Type new guess. 7116 Guess #2 : You guessed 7116 . You found 1 bull, 0 cows. Type new guess. 7862 Guess #3 : You guessed 7862 . You found 0 bulls, 2 cows. Type new guess. 1826 [...etc] 6586 Guess #10 : You guessed 6586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess. 5586 Guess #11 : You guessed 5586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess. 2586 Guess #12 : You guessed 2586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess. 9586 The number was 9586. You guessed 9586 in 13 tries. Press Any Key to continue...
Factor
<lang Factor>USING: accessors assocs combinators fry grouping hashtables kernel
locals math math.parser math.ranges random sequences strings
io ascii ;
IN: bullsncows
TUPLE: score bulls cows ;
- <score> ( -- score ) 0 0 score boa ;
TUPLE: cow ;
- <cow> ( -- cow ) cow new ;
TUPLE: bull ;
- <bull> ( -- bull ) bull new ;
- inc-bulls ( score -- score ) dup bulls>> 1 + >>bulls ;
- inc-cows ( score -- score ) dup cows>> 1 + >>cows ;
- random-nums ( -- seq ) 9 [1,b] 4 sample ;
- add-digits ( seq -- n ) 0 [ swap 10 * + ] reduce number>string ;
- new-number ( -- n narr ) random-nums dup add-digits ;
- narr>nhash ( narr -- nhash ) { 1 2 3 4 } swap zip ;
- num>hash ( n -- hash )
[ 1string string>number ] { } map-as narr>nhash ;
- cow-or-bull ( n g -- arr )
{
{ [ n first g at n second = ] [ <bull> ] }
{ [ n second g value? ] [ <cow> ] }
[ f ]
} cond ;
- add-to-score ( arr -- score )
<score> [ bull? [ inc-bulls ] [ inc-cows ] if ] reduce ;
- check-win ( score -- ? ) bulls>> 4 = ;
- sum-score ( n g -- score ? )
'[ _ cow-or-bull ] map sift add-to-score dup check-win ;
- print-sum ( score -- str )
dup bulls>> number>string "Bulls: " swap append swap cows>> number>string " Cows: " swap 3append "\n" append ;
- (validate-readln) ( str -- ? ) dup length 4 = not swap [ letter? ] all? or ;
- validate-readln ( -- str )
readln dup (validate-readln)
[ "Invalid input.\nPlease enter a valid 4 digit number: "
write flush drop validate-readln ]
when ;
- win ( -- ) "\nYou've won! Good job. You're so smart." print flush ;
- main-loop ( x -- )
"Enter a 4 digit number: " write flush validate-readln num>hash swap [ sum-score swap print-sum print flush ] keep swap not [ main-loop ] [ drop win ] if ;
- main ( -- ) new-number drop narr>nhash main-loop ;</lang>
Fan
<lang Fan>**
- Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
class BullsAndCows {
Void main()
{
digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
size := 4
chosen := [,]
size.times { chosen.add(digits.removeAt(Int.random(0..<digits.size))) }
echo("I've chosen $size unique digits from 1 to 9 at random.
Try to guess my number!")
guesses := 0
while (true) // game loop
{
guesses += 1
guess := Int[,]
while (true) // input loop
{
// get a good guess
Sys.out.print("\nNext guess [$guesses]: ")
Sys.out.flush
inString := Sys.in.readLine?.trim ?: ""
inString.each |ch|
{ if (ch >= '1' && ch <= '9' && !guess.contains(ch)) guess.add(ch-'0') }
if (guess.size == 4)
break // input loop
echo("Oops, try again. You need to enter $size unique digits from 1 to 9")
}
if (guess.all |v, i->Bool| { return v == chosen[i] })
{
echo("\nCongratulations! You guessed correctly in $guesses guesses")
break // game loop
}
bulls := 0
cows := 0
(0 ..< size).each |i|
{
if (guess[i] == chosen[i])
bulls += 1
else if (chosen.contains(guess[i]))
cows += 1
}
echo("\n $bulls Bulls\n $cows Cows")
}
}
}</lang>
FOCAL
<lang FOCAL>01.10 T %1,"BULLS AND COWS"!"----- --- ----"!! 01.20 S T=0;D 3 01.30 D 2;D 5;S T=T+1;T "BULLS",B," COWS",C,!! 01.40 I (B-4)1.3 01.50 T "YOU WON! GUESSES",%4,T,!! 01.60 Q
02.10 A "GUESS",A 02.20 F X=0,3;S B=FITR(A/10);S G(3-X)=A-B*10;S A=B 02.30 S A=1 02.40 F X=0,3;S A=A*G(X) 02.50 I (-A)2.6;T "NEED FOUR NONZERO DIGITS"!;G 2.1 02.60 F X=0,2;F Y=X+1,3;S A=A*(FABS(G(X)-G(Y))) 02.70 I (-A)2.8;T "NO DUPLICATES ALLOWED"!;G 2.1 02.80 R
03.10 F X=0,3;S S(X)=0 03.20 F X=0,3;D 4;S S(X)=A
04.10 S A=10*FRAN();S A=FITR(1+9*(A-FITR(A))) 04.20 S Z=1 04.30 F Y=0,3;S Z=Z*(FABS(A-S(Y))) 04.40 I (-Z)4.5,4.1 04.50 R
05.10 S B=0 05.20 F X=0,3;D 5.6 05.30 S C=-B 05.40 F X=0,3;F Y=0,3;D 5.7 05.50 R 05.60 I (-FABS(S(X)-G(X)))5.5,5.8 05.70 I (-FABS(S(X)-G(Y)))5.5,5.9 05.80 S B=B+1 05.90 S C=C+1</lang>
- Output:
BULLS AND COWS ----- --- ---- GUESS:1234 BULLS= 0 COWS= 3 GUESS:3214 BULLS= 1 COWS= 2 GUESS:3124 BULLS= 2 COWS= 1 GUESS:3145 BULLS= 3 COWS= 0 GUESS:3146 BULLS= 3 COWS= 0 GUESS:3147 BULLS= 3 COWS= 0 GUESS:3148 BULLS= 3 COWS= 0 GUESS:3149 BULLS= 4 COWS= 0 YOU WON! GUESSES= 8
Forth
<lang forth>include random.fs
create hidden 4 allot
- ok? ( str -- ? )
dup 4 <> if 2drop false exit then 1 9 lshift 1- -rot bounds do i c@ '1 - dup 0 9 within 0= if 2drop false leave then 1 swap lshift over and dup 0= if nip leave then xor loop 0<> ;
- init
begin hidden 4 bounds do 9 random '1 + i c! loop hidden 4 ok? until ;
- check? ( addr -- solved? )
0
4 0 do
over i + c@
4 0 do
dup hidden i + c@ = if swap
i j = if 8 else 1 then + swap
then
loop drop
loop nip
8 /mod tuck . ." bulls, " . ." cows"
4 = ;
- guess: ( "1234" -- )
bl parse 2dup ok? 0= if 2drop ." Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" exit then drop check? if cr ." You guessed it!" then ;</lang>
- Output:
init ok guess: 1234 1 bulls, 0 cows ok guess: 1567 1 bulls, 1 cows ok guess: 1895 2 bulls, 1 cows ok guess: 1879 4 bulls, 0 cows You guessed it! ok
Fortran
<lang fortran>module bac
implicit none
contains
subroutine Gennum(n)
integer, intent(out) :: n(4)
integer :: i, j
real :: r
call random_number(r)
n(1) = int(r * 9.0) + 1
i = 2
outer: do while (i <= 4)
call random_number(r)
n(i) = int(r * 9.0) + 1
inner: do j = i-1 , 1, -1
if (n(j) == n(i)) cycle outer
end do inner
i = i + 1
end do outer
end subroutine Gennum
subroutine Score(n, guess, b, c)
character(*), intent(in) :: guess
integer, intent(in) :: n(0:3)
integer, intent(out) :: b, c
integer :: digit, i, j, ind
b = 0; c = 0
do i = 1, 4
read(guess(i:i), "(i1)") digit
if (digit == n(i-1)) then
b = b + 1
else
do j = i, i+2
ind = mod(j, 4)
if (digit == n(ind)) then
c = c + 1
exit
end if
end do
end if
end do
end subroutine Score
end module bac
program Bulls_and_Cows
use bac implicit none integer :: n(4) integer :: bulls=0, cows=0, tries=0 character(4) :: guess
call random_seed call Gennum(n) write(*,*) "I have selected a number made up of 4 digits (1-9) without repetitions." write(*,*) "You attempt to guess this number." write(*,*) "Every digit in your guess that is in the correct position scores 1 Bull" write(*,*) "Every digit in your guess that is in an incorrect position scores 1 Cow" write(*,*)
do while (bulls /= 4)
write(*,*) "Enter a 4 digit number"
read*, guess
if (verify(guess, "123456789") /= 0) then
write(*,*) "That is an invalid entry. Please try again."
cycle
end if
tries = tries + 1
call Score (n, guess, bulls, cows)
write(*, "(a, i1, a, i1, a)") "You scored ", bulls, " bulls and ", cows, " cows"
write(*,*)
end do
write(*,"(a,i0,a)") "Congratulations! You correctly guessed the correct number in ", tries, " attempts"
end program Bulls_and_Cows</lang>
F#
<lang fsharp> open System
let generate_number targetSize =
let rnd = Random() let initial = Seq.initInfinite (fun _ -> rnd.Next(1,9)) initial |> Seq.distinct |> Seq.take(targetSize) |> Seq.toList
let countBulls guess target =
let hits = List.map2 (fun g t -> if g = t then true else false) guess target List.filter (fun x -> x = true) hits |> List.length
let countCows guess target =
let mutable score = 0
for g in guess do
for t in target do
if g = t then
score <- score + 1
else
score <- score
score
let countScore guess target =
let bulls = countBulls guess target let cows = countCows guess target (bulls, cows)
let playRound guess target =
countScore guess target
let inline ctoi c : int =
int c - int '0'
let lineToList (line: string) =
let listc = Seq.map(fun c -> c |> string) line |> Seq.toList let conv = List.map(fun x -> Int32.Parse x) listc conv
let readLine() =
let line = Console.ReadLine()
if line <> null then
if line.Length = 4 then
Ok (lineToList line)
else
Error("Input guess must be 4 characters!")
else
Error("Input guess cannot be empty!")
let rec handleInput() =
let line = readLine()
match line with
| Ok x -> x
| Error s ->
printfn "%A" s
handleInput()
[<EntryPoint>] let main argv =
let target = generate_number 4
let mutable shouldEnd = false
while shouldEnd = false do
let guess = handleInput()
let (b, c) = playRound guess target
printfn "Bulls: %i | Cows: %i" b c
if b = 4 then
shouldEnd <- true
else
shouldEnd <- false
0
</lang>
FreeBASIC
<lang>function get_digit( num as uinteger, ps as uinteger ) as uinteger
return (num mod 10^(ps+1))\10^ps
end function
function is_malformed( num as uinteger ) as boolean
if num > 9876 then return true
dim as uinteger i, j
for i = 0 to 2
for j = i+1 to 3
if get_digit( num, j ) = get_digit( num, i ) then return true
next j
next i
return false
end function
function make_number() as uinteger
dim as uinteger num = 0
while is_malformed(num)
num = int(rnd*9877)
wend
return num
end function
randomize timer
dim as uinteger count=0, num=make_number(), guess=0 dim as uinteger cows, bulls, i, j
while guess <> num
count += 1
do
print "Guess a number. "
input guess
loop while is_malformed(guess)
cows = 0
bulls = 0
for i = 0 to 3
for j = 0 to 3
if get_digit( num, i ) = get_digit( guess, j ) then
if i= j then bulls += 1
if i<>j then cows += 1
end if
next j
next i
print using "You scored # bulls and # cows."; bulls; cows
wend
print using "Correct. That took you ### guesses."; count</lang>
Frink
<lang frink> // Bulls and Cows - Written in Frink println["Welcome to Bulls and Cows!"]
// Put 4 random digits into target array digits = array[1 to 9] target = new array for i = 0 to 3 {
target@i = digits.removeRandom[]
}
// Game variables guessCount = 0 solved = 0
while solved == 0 {
// Round variables bulls = 0 cows = 0
// Input guess from player guess = input["Guess a 4 digit number with numbers 1 to 9: "]
// Valid Guess Tests. Set validGuess to 1. If any test fails it will be set to 0
validGuess = 1
// Test for exactly 4 digits
if length[guess] != 4
{
println["$guess is invalid. Your guess must be 4 digits."]
validGuess = 0
}
// Test for any characters not in 1 - 9 using regex
if guess =~ %r/[^1-9]/
{
println["$guess is invalid. Your guess can only contain the digits 1 through 9."]
validGuess = 0
}
// Check for duplicate digits in guess
comboCheck = 1
guessArr = charList[guess] // Split guess string into array of characters.
guessArrCombos = guessArr.combinations[2] // Divide the array into all possible 2 digits combinations.
for geussCombo = guessArrCombos
{
if geussCombo@0 == geussCombo@1 // If the two digits in the combinations are the same mark the comboCheck as failed.
comboCheck = 0
}
if comboCheck == 0
{
println["$guess is invalid. Each digit in your guess should be unique."]
validGuess = 0
}
// If all tests pass, continue with the game.
if validGuess == 1
{
guessCount = guessCount + 1
for i = 0 to 3
{
if parseInt[guessArr@i] == target@i // Convert guess from string to int. Frink imports all input as strings.
{
bulls = bulls + 1
next // If bull is found, skip the contains check.
}
if target.contains[parseInt[guessArr@i]]
{
cows = cows + 1
}
}
if bulls == 4
{
solved = 1 // Exit from While loop.
} else
{
// Print the results of the guess. Formatting for plurals.
bullsPlural = bulls == 1 ? "bull" : "bulls"
cowsPlural = cows == 1 ? "cow" : "cows"
println["Your guess of $guess had $bulls $bullsPlural and $cows $cowsPlural."]
}
}
} guessPlural = guessCount == 1 ? "guess" : "guesses" println["Congratulations! Your guess of $guess was correct! You solved this in $guessCount $guessPlural."] </lang>
- Output:
Welcome to Bulls and Cows! Your guess of 1234 had 1 bull and 2 cows. Your guess of 5678 had 0 bulls and 1 cow. Your guess of 2345 had 0 bulls and 2 cows. Your guess of 3261 had 1 bull and 2 cows. Your guess of 4173 had 0 bulls and 3 cows. Your guess of 8231 had 2 bulls and 0 cows. Your guess of 7134 had 1 bull and 2 cows. Your guess of 3461 had 2 bulls and 2 cows. Congratulations! Your guess of 6431 was correct! You solved this in 9 guesses.
Go
<lang go>package main
import (
"bufio" "bytes" "fmt" "math/rand" "os" "strings" "time"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(`Cows and Bulls
Guess four digit number of unique digits in the range 1 to 9. A correct digit but not in the correct place is a cow. A correct digit in the correct place is a bull.`)
// generate pattern
pat := make([]byte, 4)
rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())
r := rand.Perm(9)
for i := range pat {
pat[i] = '1' + byte(r[i])
}
// accept and score guesses
valid := []byte("123456789")
guess:
for in := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin); ; {
fmt.Print("Guess: ")
guess, err := in.ReadString('\n')
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("\nSo, bye.")
return
}
guess = strings.TrimSpace(guess)
if len(guess) != 4 {
// malformed: not four characters
fmt.Println("Please guess a four digit number.")
continue
}
var cows, bulls int
for ig, cg := range guess {
if strings.IndexRune(guess[:ig], cg) >= 0 {
// malformed: repeated digit
fmt.Printf("Repeated digit: %c\n", cg)
continue guess
}
switch bytes.IndexByte(pat, byte(cg)) {
case -1:
if bytes.IndexByte(valid, byte(cg)) == -1 {
// malformed: not a digit
fmt.Printf("Invalid digit: %c\n", cg)
continue guess
}
default: // I just think cows should go first
cows++
case ig:
bulls++
}
}
fmt.Printf("Cows: %d, bulls: %d\n", cows, bulls)
if bulls == 4 {
fmt.Println("You got it.")
return
}
}
}</lang>
Golo
<lang golo>#!/usr/bin/env golosh
This module is the Bulls and Cows game.
module Bullsandcows
import gololang.Decorators import gololang.Functions import gololang.IO import java.util
function main = |args| {
while true {
let secret = create4RandomNumbers()
println("Welcome to Bulls And Cows")
while true {
println("Please enter a 4 digit number")
println("(with only the digits 1 to 9 and no repeated digits, for example 2537)")
let guess = readln("guess: ")
let result = validateGuess(guess)
if result: isValid() {
let bulls, cows = bullsAndOrCows(result: digits(), secret)
if bulls is 4 {
println("You win!")
break
}
println("bulls: " + bulls)
println("cows: " + cows)
} else {
println(result: message())
}
}
}
}
function create4RandomNumbers = {
let numbers = vector[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] Collections.shuffle(numbers) let shuffled = numbers: subList(0, 4) return shuffled
}
union Result = {
Valid = { digits }
Invalid = { message }
}
@checkArguments(isString()) function validateGuess = |guess| {
var digits = []
try {
let number = guess: toInt()
digits = number: digits()
if digits: exists(|d| -> d is 0) {
return Result.Invalid("No zeroes please")
}
if digits: size() isnt 4 {
return Result.Invalid("Four digits please")
}
let digitSet = set[ digit foreach digit in digits ]
if digitSet: size() < digits: size() {
return Result.Invalid("No duplicate numbers please")
}
} catch(e) {
return Result.Invalid("Numbers only please")
}
return Result.Valid(digits)
}
let is4Vector = |arg| -> arg oftype java.util.List.class and arg: size() is 4
@checkArguments(is4Vector, is4Vector) function bullsAndOrCows = |guess, secret| {
var bulls = 0
var cows = 0
foreach i in [0..4] {
let guessNum = guess: get(i)
let secretNum = secret: get(i)
if guessNum is secretNum {
bulls = bulls + 1
} else if secret: exists(|num| -> guessNum is num) {
cows = cows + 1
}
}
return [bulls, cows]
}
augment java.lang.Integer {
function digits = |this| {
var remaining = this
let digits = vector[]
while remaining > 0 {
digits: prepend(remaining % 10)
remaining = remaining / 10
}
return digits
}
} </lang>
Groovy
<lang Groovy>class BullsAndCows {
static void main(args) {
def inputReader = System.in.newReader()
def numberGenerator = new Random()
def targetValue
while (targetValueIsInvalid(targetValue = numberGenerator.nextInt(9000) + 1000)) continue
def targetStr = targetValue.toString()
def guessed = false
def guesses = 0
while (!guessed) {
def bulls = 0, cows = 0
print 'Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: '
def guess = inputReader.readLine()
if (guess.length() != 4 || !guess.isInteger() || targetValueIsInvalid(guess.toInteger())) {
continue
}
guesses++
4.times {
if (targetStr[it] == guess[it]) {
bulls++
} else if (targetStr.contains(guess[it])) {
cows++
}
}
if (bulls == 4) {
guessed = true
} else {
println "$cows Cows and $bulls Bulls."
}
}
println "You won after $guesses guesses!"
}
static targetValueIsInvalid(value) {
def digitList = []
while (value > 0) {
if (digitList[value % 10] == 0 || digitList[value % 10]) {
return true
}
digitList[value % 10] = true
value = value.intdiv(10)
}
false
}
}
</lang>
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Data.List (partition, intersect, nub) import Control.Monad import System.Random (StdGen, getStdRandom, randomR) import Text.Printf
numberOfDigits = 4 :: Int
main = bullsAndCows
bullsAndCows :: IO () bullsAndCows = do
digits <- getStdRandom $ pick numberOfDigits ['1' .. '9'] putStrLn "Guess away!" loop digits
where loop digits = do
input <- getLine
if okay input
then
let (bulls, cows) = score digits input in
if bulls == numberOfDigits then
putStrLn "You win!"
else do
printf "%d bulls, %d cows.\n" bulls cows
loop digits
else do
putStrLn "Malformed guess; try again."
loop digits
okay :: String -> Bool
okay input =
length input == numberOfDigits &&
input == nub input &&
all legalchar input
where legalchar c = '1' <= c && c <= '9'
score :: String -> String -> (Int, Int)
score secret guess = (length bulls, cows)
where (bulls, nonbulls) = partition (uncurry (==)) $
zip secret guess
cows = length $ uncurry intersect $ unzip nonbulls
pick :: Int -> [a] -> StdGen -> ([a], StdGen) {- Randomly selects items from a list without replacement. -} pick n l g = f n l g (length l - 1) []
where f 0 _ g _ ps = (ps, g)
f n l g max ps =
f (n - 1) (left ++ right) g' (max - 1) (picked : ps)
where (i, g') = randomR (0, max) g
(left, picked : right) = splitAt i l</lang>
Hy
<lang lisp>(import random)
(def +size+ 4) (def +digits+ "123456789") (def +secret+ (random.sample +digits+ +size+))
(while True
(while True
(setv guess (list (distinct (raw-input "Enter a guess: "))))
(when (and
(= (len guess) +size+)
(all (map (fn [c] (in c +digits+)) guess)))
(break))
(print "Malformed guess; try again"))
(setv bulls 0)
(setv cows 0)
(for [i (range +size+)] (cond
[(= (get guess i) (get +secret+ i)) (setv bulls (inc bulls))]
[(in (get guess i) +secret+) (setv cows (inc cows))]))
(when (= bulls +size+)
(break))
(print (.format "{} bull{}, {} cows"
bulls (if (= bulls 1) "" "s")
cows (if (= cows 1) "" "s"))))
(print "A winner is you!")</lang>
Icon and Unicon
The following works in both Icon and Unicon.
<lang Unicon>procedure main()
digits := "123456789"
every !digits :=: ?digits
num := digits[1+:4]
repeat if score(num, getGuess(num)) then break
write("Good job.")
end
procedure getGuess(num)
repeat {
writes("Enter a guess: ")
guess := read() | stop("Quitter!")
if *(guess ** '123456789') == *num then return guess
write("Malformed guess: ",guess,". Try again.")
}
end
procedure score(num, guess)
bulls := 0
cows := *(num ** guess)
every (num[i := 1 to *num] == guess[i], bulls +:= 1, cows -:= 1)
write("\t",bulls," bulls and ",cows," cows")
return (bulls = *num)
end</lang>
J
<lang j>require 'misc'
plural=: conjunction define
(":m),' ',n,'s'#~1~:m
)
bullcow=:monad define
number=. 1+4?9
whilst. -.guess-:number do.
guess=. 0 "."0 prompt 'Guess my number: '
if. (4~:#guess)+.(4~:#~.guess)+.0 e.guess e.1+i.9 do.
if. 0=#guess do.
smoutput 'Giving up.'
return.
end.
smoutput 'Guesses must be four different non-zero digits'
continue.
end.
bulls=. +/guess=number
cows=. (+/guess e.number)-bulls
smoutput bulls plural 'bull',' and ',cows plural 'cow','.'
end.
smoutput 'you win'
)</lang>
For example:
<lang j> bullcow Guess my number: 1234 0 bulls and 1 cow. Guess my number: 5678 3 bulls and 0 cows. Guess my number: 2349 0 bulls and 0 cows. Guess my number: 1567 0 bulls and 3 cows. Guess my number: 6178 3 bulls and 0 cows. Guess my number: 6157 1 bull and 2 cows. Guess my number: 5178 4 bulls and 0 cows. you win</lang>
Java
<lang java5>import java.util.InputMismatchException; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner;
public class BullsAndCows{ public static void main(String[] args){ Random gen= new Random(); int target; while(hasDupes(target= (gen.nextInt(9000) + 1000))); String targetStr = target +""; boolean guessed = false; Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); int guesses = 0; do{ int bulls = 0; int cows = 0; System.out.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "); int guess; try{ guess = input.nextInt(); if(hasDupes(guess) || guess < 1000) continue; }catch(InputMismatchException e){ continue; } guesses++; String guessStr = guess + ""; for(int i= 0;i < 4;i++){ if(guessStr.charAt(i) == targetStr.charAt(i)){ bulls++; }else if(targetStr.contains(guessStr.charAt(i)+"")){ cows++; } } if(bulls == 4){ guessed = true; }else{ System.out.println(cows+" Cows and "+bulls+" Bulls."); } }while(!guessed); System.out.println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!"); }
public static boolean hasDupes(int num){ boolean[] digs = new boolean[10]; while(num > 0){ if(digs[num%10]) return true; digs[num%10] = true; num/= 10; } return false; } }</lang> Output:
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 5834 2 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 1234 1 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 4321 1 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3421 0 Cows and 1 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 8412 0 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3560 1 Cows and 1 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3650 0 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3759 2 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3975 2 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3957 You won after 10 guesses!
JavaScript
Spidermonkey version
<lang javascript>#!/usr/bin/env js
function main() {
var len = 4; playBullsAndCows(len);
}
function playBullsAndCows(len) {
var num = pickNum(len);
// print('The secret number is:\n ' + num.join('\n '));
showInstructions(len);
var nGuesses = 0;
while (true) {
nGuesses++;
var guess = getGuess(nGuesses, len);
var census = countBovine(num, guess);
showScore(census.bulls, census.cows);
if (census.bulls == len) {
showFinalResult(nGuesses);
return;
}
}
}
function showScore(nBulls, nCows) {
print(' Bulls: ' + nBulls + ', cows: ' + nCows);
}
function showFinalResult(guesses) {
print('You win!!! Guesses needed: ' + guesses);
}
function countBovine(num, guess) {
var count = {bulls:0, cows:0};
var g = guess.join();
for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
var digPresent = g.search(num[i]) != -1;
if (num[i] == guess[i]) count.bulls++;
else if (digPresent) count.cows++;
}
return count;
}
function getGuess(nGuesses, len) {
while (true) {
putstr('Your guess #' + nGuesses + ': ');
var guess = readline();
guess = String(parseInt(guess)).split();
if (guess.length != len) {
print(' You must enter a ' + len + ' digit number.');
continue;
}
if (hasDups(guess)) {
print(' No digits can be duplicated.');
continue;
}
return guess;
}
}
function hasDups(ary) {
var t = ary.concat().sort();
for (var i = 1; i < t.length; i++) {
if (t[i] == t[i-1]) return true;
}
return false;
}
function showInstructions(len) {
print();
print('Bulls and Cows Game');
print('-------------------');
print(' You must guess the ' + len + ' digit number I am thinking of.');
print(' The number is composed of the digits 1-9.');
print(' No digit appears more than once.');
print(' After each of your guesses, I will tell you:');
print(' The number of bulls (digits in right place)');
print(' The number of cows (correct digits, but in the wrong place)');
print();
}
function pickNum(len) {
var nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
nums.sort(function(){return Math.random() - 0.5});
return nums.slice(0, len);
}
main(); </lang>
Example game (cheating!):
Bulls and Cows Game
-------------------
You must guess the 4 digit number I am thinking of.
The number is composed of the digits 1-9.
No digit appears more than once.
After each of your guesses, I will tell you:
The number of bulls (digits in right place)
The number of cows (correct digits, but in wrong place)
Your guess #1: 1234
Bulls: 0, cows: 2
Your guess #2: 5678
Bulls: 1, cows: 1
Your guess #3: 3167
Bulls: 0, cows: 3
Your guess #4: 9123
Bulls: 1, cows: 1
Your guess #5: 5137
Bulls: 1, cows: 3
Your guess #6: 5317
Bulls: 2, cows: 2
Your guess #7: 5731
Bulls: 2, cows: 2
Your guess #8: 5713
Bulls: 4, cows: 0
You win! Guesses needed: 8
Julia
<lang julia>function cowsbulls() print("Welcome to Cows & Bulls! I've picked a number with unique digits between 1 and 9, go ahead and type your guess.\n You get one bull for every right number in the right position.\n You get one cow for every right number, but in the wrong position.\n Enter 'n' to pick a new number and 'q' to quit.\n>") function new_number() s = [1:9] n = "" for i = 9:-1:6 n *= string(delete!(s,rand(1:i))) end return n end answer = new_number() while true input = chomp(readline(STDIN)) input == "q" && break if input == "n" answer = new_number() print("\nI've picked a new number, go ahead and guess\n>") continue end !ismatch(r"^[1-9]{4}$",input) && (print("Invalid guess: Please enter a 4-digit number\n>"); continue) if input == answer print("\nYou're right! Good guessing!\nEnter 'n' for a new number or 'q' to quit\n>") else bulls = sum(answer.data .== input.data) cows = sum([answer[x] != input[x] && contains(input.data,answer[x]) for x = 1:4]) print("\nNot quite! Your guess is worth:\n$bulls Bulls\n$cows Cows\nPlease guess again\n\n>") end end end</lang> The following version checks thoroughly that the input of the player is constituted of four distincts digits. <lang julia>function bullsandcows ()
bulls = cows = turns = 0
result = (s = [] ; while length(unique(s))<4 push!(s,rand('1':'9')) end; unique(s))
println("A game of bulls and cows!")
while (bulls != 4)
print("Your guess? ")
guess = collect(chomp(readline(STDIN)))
if ! (length(unique(guess)) == length(guess) == 4 && all(isdigit,guess))
println("please, enter four distincts digits")
continue
end
bulls = sum(map(==, guess, result))
cows = length(intersect(guess,result)) - bulls
println("$bulls bulls and $cows cows!") ; turns += 1
end
println("You win! You succeeded in $turns guesses.")
end</lang>
- Output:
julia> bullsandcows() A game of bulls and cows! Your guess? 1234 0 bulls and 2 cows! Your guess? 12334 please, enter four distincts digits Your guess? 5678 1 bulls and 1 cows! Your guess? 1111 please, enter four distincts digits Your guess? grr please, enter four distincts digits Your guess? ... please, enter four distincts digits Your guess?
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.1.2
import java.util.Random
const val MAX_GUESSES = 20 // say
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val r = Random()
var num: String
// generate a 4 digit random number from 1234 to 9876 with no zeros or repeated digits
do {
num = (1234 + r.nextInt(8643)).toString()
} while ('0' in num || num.toSet().size < 4)
println("All guesses should have exactly 4 distinct digits excluding zero.")
println("Keep guessing until you guess the chosen number (maximum $MAX_GUESSES valid guesses).\n")
var guesses = 0
while (true) {
print("Enter your guess : ")
val guess = readLine()!!
if (guess == num) {
println("You've won with ${++guesses} valid guesses!")
return
}
val n = guess.toIntOrNull()
if (n == null)
println("Not a valid number")
else if ('-' in guess || '+' in guess)
println("Can't contain a sign")
else if ('0' in guess)
println("Can't contain zero")
else if (guess.length != 4)
println("Must have exactly 4 digits")
else if (guess.toSet().size < 4)
println("All digits must be distinct")
else {
var bulls = 0
var cows = 0
for ((i, c) in guess.withIndex()) {
if (num[i] == c) bulls++
else if (c in num) cows++
}
println("Your score for this guess: Bulls = $bulls Cows = $cows")
guesses++
if (guesses == MAX_GUESSES)
println("You've now had $guesses valid guesses, the maximum allowed")
}
}
}</lang> Sample input/output:
- Output:
Enter your guess : 1234 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0 Cows = 2 Enter your guess : 1256 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0 Cows = 2 Enter your guess : 2178 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 2519 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 2569 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 2579 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 2589 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 2539 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 2549 You've won with 9 valid guesses!
Lasso
This game uses an HTML form to submit the answer. The random number and history are stored in a session using Lasso's built in session management. <lang Lasso>[ define randomizer() => { local(n = string) while(#n->size < 4) => { local(r = integer_random(1,9)->asString) #n !>> #r ? #n->append(#r) } return #n } define cowbullchecker(n::string,a::string) => { integer(#n) == integer(#a) ? return (:true,map('cows'=0,'bulls'=4,'choice'=#a)) local(cowbull = map('cows'=0,'bulls'=0,'choice'=#a),'checked' = array) loop(4) => { if(#checked !>> integer(#a->values->get(loop_count))) => { #checked->insert(integer(#a->values->get(loop_count))) if(integer(#n->values->get(loop_count)) == integer(#a->values->get(loop_count))) => { #cowbull->find('bulls') += 1 else(#n->values >> #a->values->get(loop_count)) #cowbull->find('cows') += 1 } } } #cowbull->find('bulls') == 4 ? return (:true,map('cows'=0,'bulls'=4,'choice'=#a)) return (:true,#cowbull) } session_start('user') session_addvar('user', 'num') session_addvar('user', 'historic_choices') // set up rand var(num)->isNotA(::string) ? var(num = randomizer) var(historic_choices)->isNotA(::array) ? var(historic_choices = array) local(success = false) // check answer if(web_request->param('a')->asString->size) => { local(success,result) = cowbullchecker($num,web_request->param('a')->asString) $historic_choices->insert(#result) } if(web_request->params->asStaticArray >> 'restart') => { $num = randomizer $historic_choices = array } ]
Bulls and Cows
Guess the 4-digit number...
Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
[ local(win = false) if($historic_choices->size) => { with c in $historic_choices do => {^
'
'+#c->find('choice')+': Bulls: '+#c->find('bulls')+', Cows: '+#c->find('cows') if(#c->find('bulls') == 4) => {^ ' - YOU WIN!' #win = true ^} '
'
^} } if(not #win) => {^ ] <form action="?" method="post"> <input name="a" value="[web_request->param('a')->asString]" size="5"> <input type="submit" name="guess"> <a href="?restart">Restart</a> </form> [else '<a href="?restart">Restart</a>' ^}] </lang>
- Output:
Game in progress:
Bulls and Cows Guess the 4-digit number... Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number. - A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number. - A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position. 4567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1 4567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1 (input box) (submit button) Restart
- Output:
Game in to completion:
Bulls and Cows Guess the 4-digit number... Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number. - A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number. - A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position. 1234: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2 1256: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1 1789: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1 1222: Bulls: 0, Cows: 0 3456: Bulls: 1, Cows: 2 3564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3 3567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2 8564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2 3564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3 4365: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3 5436: Bulls: 2, Cows: 1 5478: Bulls: 2, Cows: 0 5463: Bulls: 3, Cows: 0 5468: Bulls: 2, Cows: 0 5493: Bulls: 4, Cows: 0 - YOU WIN! Restart
Liberty BASIC
<lang lb>
do while len( secret$) <4
c$ =chr$( int( rnd( 1) *9) +49)
if not( instr( secret$, c$)) then secret$ =secret$ +c$
loop
print " Secret number has been guessed.... "; secret$
guesses = 0
[loop]
print " Your guess "; input " "; guess$
guesses = guesses +1
r$ =score$( guess$, secret$)
bulls =val( word$( r$, 1, ",")) cows =val( word$( r$, 2, ","))
print " Result: "; bulls; " bulls, and "; cows; " cows" print
if guess$ =secret$ then
print " You won after "; guesses; " guesses!"
print " You guessed it in "; guesses
print " Thanks for playing!"
wait
end if
goto [loop]
end ' _____________________________________________________________
function check( i$) ' check =0 if no digit repeats, else =1
check =0
for i =1 to 3
for j =i +1 to 4
if mid$( i$, i, 1) =mid$( i$, j, 1) then check =1
next j
next i
end function
function score$( a$, b$) ' return as a csv string the number of bulls & cows.
bulls = 0: cows = 0
for i = 1 to 4
c$ = mid$( a$, i, 1)
if mid$( b$, i, 1) = c$ then
bulls = bulls + 1
else
if instr( b$, c$) <>0 and instr( b$, c$) <>i then
cows = cows + 1
end if
end if
next i
score$ =str$( bulls); ","; str$( cows)
end function
[quit] close #w end </lang>
Logo
<lang logo>to ok? :n
output (and [number? :n] [4 = count :n] [4 = count remdup :n] [not member? 0 :n])
end
to init
do.until [make "hidden random 10000] [ok? :hidden]
end
to guess :n
if not ok? :n [print [Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)] stop] localmake "bulls 0 localmake "cows 0 foreach :n [cond [ [[? = item # :hidden] make "bulls 1 + :bulls] [[member? ? :hidden] make "cows 1 + :cows ] ]] (print :bulls "bulls, :cows "cows) if :bulls = 4 [print [You guessed it!]]
end</lang>
Lua
<lang Lua>function ShuffleArray(array)
for i=1,#array-1 do
local t = math.random(i, #array)
array[i], array[t] = array[t], array[i]
end
end
function GenerateNumber()
local digits = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
ShuffleArray(digits)
return digits[1] * 1000 +
digits[2] * 100 +
digits[3] * 10 +
digits[4]
end
function IsMalformed(input)
local malformed = false
if #input == 4 then
local already_used = {}
for i=1,4 do
local digit = input:byte(i) - string.byte('0')
if digit < 1 or digit > 9 or already_used[digit] then
malformed = true
break
end
already_used[digit] = true
end
else
malformed = true
end
return malformed
end
math.randomseed(os.time()) math.randomseed(math.random(2^31-1)) -- since os.time() only returns seconds
print("\nWelcome to Bulls and Cows!") print("") print("The object of this game is to guess the random 4-digit number that the") print("computer has chosen. The number is generated using only the digits 1-9,") print("with no repeated digits. Each time you enter a guess, you will score one") print("\"bull\" for each digit in your guess that matches the corresponding digit") print("in the computer-generated number, and you will score one \"cow\" for each") print("digit in your guess that appears in the computer-generated number, but is") print("in the wrong position. Use this information to refine your guesses. When") print("you guess the correct number, you win."); print("")
quit = false
repeat
magic_number = GenerateNumber()
magic_string = tostring(magic_number) -- Easier to do scoring with a string
repeat
io.write("\nEnter your guess (or 'Q' to quit): ")
user_input = io.read()
if user_input == 'Q' or user_input == 'q' then
quit = true
break
end
if not IsMalformed(user_input) then
if user_input == magic_string then
print("YOU WIN!!!")
else
local bulls, cows = 0, 0
for i=1,#user_input do
local find_result = magic_string:find(user_input:sub(i,i))
if find_result and find_result == i then
bulls = bulls + 1
elseif find_result then
cows = cows + 1
end
end
print(string.format("You scored %d bulls, %d cows", bulls, cows))
end
else
print("Malformed input. You must enter a 4-digit number with")
print("no repeated digits, using only the digits 1-9.")
end
until user_input == magic_string
if not quit then
io.write("\nPress <Enter> to play again or 'Q' to quit: ")
user_input = io.read()
if user_input == 'Q' or user_input == 'q' then
quit = true
end
end
if quit then
print("\nGoodbye!")
end
until quit</lang>
Another version:
<lang Lua>function createNewNumber ()
math.randomseed(os.time())
local numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
local tNumb = {} -- list of numbers
for i = 1, 4 do
table.insert(tNumb, math.random(#tNumb+1), table.remove(numbers, math.random(#numbers)))
end
return tNumb
end
TNumber = createNewNumber () print ('(right number: ' .. table.concat (TNumber) .. ')')
function isValueInList (value, list) for i, v in ipairs (list) do if v == value then return true end end return false end
local nGuesses = 0
while not GameOver do nGuesses = nGuesses + 1 print("Enter your guess (or 'q' to quit): ") local input while not input do input = io.read() end if input == "q" then GameOver = true return end local tInput = {} for i=1, string.len(input) do local number = tonumber(string.sub(input,i,i)) if number and not isValueInList (number, tInput) then table.insert (tInput, number) end end local malformed = false if not (string.len(input) == 4) or not (#tInput == 4) then print (nGuesses, 'bad input: too short or too long') malformed = true end
if not malformed then print (nGuesses, 'parsed input:', table.concat(tInput, ', ')) local nBulls, nCows = 0, 0 for i, number in ipairs (tInput) do if TNumber[i] == number then nBulls = nBulls + 1 elseif isValueInList (number, TNumber) then nCows = nCows + 1 end end print (nGuesses, 'Bulls: '.. nBulls .. ' Cows: ' .. nCows) if nBulls == 4 then print (nGuesses, 'Win!') GameOver = true end end end</lang>
M2000 Interpreter
<lang M2000 Interpreter> Module Game {
Malformed=lambda (a$)->{
=true
if len(a$)<>4 then exit
n=0 : dummy=val(a$,"int",n)
if n<>5 or dummy=0 then exit
for i=1 to 9
if len(filter$(a$,str$(i,0)))<3 then break
next i
=false
}
BullsAndCows$=lambda$ (a$, b$, &ok) ->{
Def b, c
for i=1 to 4
if mid$(a$,i,1)=mid$(b$,i,1) then
b++
else.if instr(b$,mid$(a$,i,1))>0 then
c++
end if
next i
ok=b=4
=format$("bulls {0}, cows {1}", b, c)
}
Random$=lambda$ ->{
def repl$, bank$, c$
bank$="123456789"
for i=1 to 4
c$=mid$(bank$,random(1,len(bank$)),1)
bank$=filter$(bank$, c$)
repl$+=c$
next i
=repl$
}
target$=Random$()
def boolean win=false, a$
do
do
Input "Next guess ";a%
a$=str$(a%,0)
if Malformed(a$) then Print "Malformed input, try again" else exit
always
Print BullsAndCows$(a$, target$, &win)
if win then exit
Print "Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)"
always
Print "You guess it"
} Game </lang>
Maple
<lang maple>BC := proc(n) #where n is the number of turns the user wishes to play before they quit local target, win, numGuesses, guess, bulls, cows, i, err;
target := [0, 0, 0, 0]: randomize(); #This is a command that makes sure that the numbers are truly randomized each time, otherwise your first time will always give the same result.
while member(0, target) or numelems({op(target)}) < 4 do #loop continues to generate random numbers until you get one with no repeating digits or 0s target := [seq(parse(i), i in convert(rand(1234..9876)(), string))]: #a list of random numbers end do:
win := false: numGuesses := 0: while win = false and numGuesses < n do #loop allows the user to play until they win or until a set amount of turns have passed err := true; while err do #loop asks for values until user enters a valid number printf("Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits\n"); try#catches any errors in user input guess := [seq(parse(i), i in readline())]; if hastype(guess, 'Not(numeric)', 'exclude_container') then printf("Postive integers only! Please guess again.\n\n"); elif numelems(guess) <> 4 then printf("4 digit numbers only! Please guess again.\n\n"); elif numelems({op(guess)}) < 4 then printf("No repeating digits! Please guess again.\n\n"); elif member(0, guess) then printf("No 0s! Please guess again.\n\n"); else err := false; end if; catch: printf("Invalid input. Please guess again.\n\n"); end try; end do: numGuesses := numGuesses + 1; printf("Guess %a: %a\n", numGuesses, guess); bulls := 0; cows := 0; for i to 4 do #loop checks for bulls and cows in the user's guess if target[i] = guess[i] then bulls := bulls + 1; elif member(target[i], guess) then cows := cows + 1; end if; end do; if bulls = 4 then win := true; printf("The number was %a.\n", target); printf(StringTools[FormatMessage]("You won with %1 %{1|guesses|guess|guesses}.", numGuesses)); else printf(StringTools[FormatMessage]("%1 %{1|Cows|Cow|Cows}, %2 %{2|Bulls|Bull|Bulls}.\n\n", cows, bulls)); end if; end do: if win = false and numGuesses >= n then
printf("You lost! The number was %a.\n", target);
end if;
return NULL; end proc:</lang>
- Output:
Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits Guess 1: [1, 2, 3, 4] 1 Cow, 1 Bull. Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits Guess 2: [2, 3, 4, 5] 0 Cows, 1 Bull. ...
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
<lang Mathematica>digits=Last@FixedPointList[If[Length@Union@#==4,#,Table[Random[Integer,{1,9}],{4}]]&,{}] codes=ToCharacterCode[StringJoin[ToString/@digits]]; Module[{r,bulls,cows}, While[True, r=InputString[]; If[r===$Canceled,Break[], With[{userCodes=ToCharacterCode@r}, If[userCodes===codes,Print[r<>": You got it!"];Break[], If[Length@userCodes==Length@codes, bulls=Count[userCodes-codes,0];cows=Length@Intersection[codes,userCodes]-bulls; Print[r<>": "<>ToString[bulls]<>"bull(s), "<>ToString@cows<>"cow(s)."], Print["Guess four digits."]]]]]]]</lang> Output:
{8, 2, 6, 1}
3432: 0 bull(s), 1 cow(s).
Illegal input.
8261: You got it!
MATLAB
<lang MATLAB>function BullsAndCows % Plays the game Bulls and Cows as the "game master"
% Create a secret number
nDigits = 4;
lowVal = 1;
highVal = 9;
digitList = lowVal:highVal;
secret = zeros(1, 4);
for k = 1:nDigits
idx = randi(length(digitList));
secret(k) = digitList(idx);
digitList(idx) = [];
end
% Give game information
fprintf('Welcome to Bulls and Cows!\n')
fprintf('Try to guess the %d-digit number (no repeated digits).\n', nDigits)
fprintf('Digits are between %d and %d (inclusive).\n', lowVal, highVal)
fprintf('Score: 1 Bull per correct digit in correct place.\n')
fprintf(' 1 Cow per correct digit in incorrect place.\n')
fprintf('The number has been chosen. Now its your moooooove!\n')
gs = input('Guess: ', 's');
% Loop until user guesses right or quits (no guess)
nGuesses = 1;
while gs
gn = str2double(gs);
if isnan(gn) || length(gn) > 1 % Not a scalar
fprintf('Malformed guess. Keep to valid scalars.\n')
gs = input('Try again: ', 's');
else
g = sprintf('%d', gn) - '0';
if length(g) ~= nDigits || any(g < lowVal) || any(g > highVal) || ...
length(unique(g)) ~= nDigits % Invalid number for game
fprintf('Malformed guess. Remember:\n')
fprintf(' %d digits\n', nDigits)
fprintf(' Between %d and %d inclusive\n', lowVal, highVal)
fprintf(' No repeated digits\n')
gs = input('Try again: ', 's');
else
score = CountBullsCows(g, secret);
if score(1) == nDigits
fprintf('You win! Bully for you! Only %d guesses.\n', nGuesses)
gs = ;
else
fprintf('Score: %d Bulls, %d Cows\n', score)
gs = input('Guess: ', 's');
end
end
end
nGuesses = nGuesses+1; % Counts malformed guesses
end
end
function score = CountBullsCows(guess, correct) % Checks the guessed array of digits against the correct array to find the score % Assumes arrays of same length and valid numbers
bulls = guess == correct; cows = ismember(guess(~bulls), correct); score = [sum(bulls) sum(cows)];
end</lang>
- Output:
Welcome to Bulls and Cows!
Try to guess the 4-digit number (no repeated digits).
Digits are between 1 and 9 (inclusive).
Score: 1 Bull per correct digit in correct place.
1 Cow per correct digit in incorrect place.
The number has been chosen. Now it's your moooooove!
Guess: 1234
Score: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows
Guess: 2156
Score: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows
Guess: 7819
Score: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows
Guess: 3457
Score: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows
Guess: hello
Malformed guess. Keep to valid scalars.
Try again: 1123
Malformed guess. Remember:
4 digits
Between 1 and 9 inclusive
No repeated digits
Try again: 34567
Malformed guess. Remember:
4 digits
Between 1 and 9 inclusive
No repeated digits
Try again: 4368
You win! Bully for you! Only 8 guesses.
MAXScript
<lang MAXScript> numCount = 4 -- number of digits to use
digits = #(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) num = "" while num.count < numCount and digits.count > 0 do ( local r = random 1 digits.count append num (digits[r] as string) deleteitem digits r ) digits = undefined numGuesses = 0 inf = "Rules: \n1. Choose only % unique digits in any combination"+\ " (0 can't be used).\n2. Only positive integers are allowed."+\ "\n3. For each digit that is in it's place, you get a bull,\n"+\ "\tand for each digit that is not in it's place, you get a cow."+\ "\n4. The game is won when your number matches the number I chose."+\ "\n\nPress [esc] to quit the game.\n\n" clearlistener() format inf num.count while not keyboard.escpressed do ( local userVal = getkbvalue prompt:"\nEnter your number: " if (userVal as string) == num do ( format "\nCorrect! The number is %. It took you % moves.\n" num numGuesses exit with OK ) local bulls = 0 local cows = 0 local badInput = false case of ( (classof userVal != integer): ( format "\nThe number must be a positive integer.\n" badInput = true ) ((userVal as string).count != num.count): ( format "\nThe number must have % digits.\n" num.count badInput = true ) ((makeuniquearray (for i in 1 to (userVal as string).count \ collect (userVal as string)[i])).count != (userVal as string).count): ( format "\nThe number can only have unique digits.\n" badInput = true ) ) if not badInput do ( userVal = userVal as string i = 1 while i <= userVal.count do ( for j = 1 to num.count do ( if userVal[i] == num[j] do ( if i == j then bulls += 1 else cows += 1 ) ) i += 1 ) numGuesses += 1 format "\nBulls: % Cows: %\n" bulls cows ) )</lang>
- Output:
<lang> OK Rules: 1. Choose only 4 unique digits in any combination (0 can't be used). 2. Only positive integers are allowed. 3. For each digit that is in it's place, you get a bull, and for each digit that is not in it's place, you get a cow. 4. The game is won when your number matches the number I chose.
Press [esc] to quit the game.
OK
Enter your number: 2468 Bulls: 0 Cows: 2
Enter your number: 2448 The number can only have unique digits.
Enter your number: 1357 Bulls: 0 Cows: 1 </lang>
MiniScript
<lang MiniScript>secret = range(1,9) secret.shuffle secret = secret[:4].join("")
while true
guess = input("Your guess? ").split("")
if guess.len != 4 then
print "Please enter 4 numbers, with no spaces."
continue
end if
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i in guess.indexes
if secret[i] == guess[i] then
bulls = bulls + 1
else if secret.indexOf(guess[i]) != null then
cows = cows + 1
end if
end for
if bulls == 4 then
print "You got it! Great job!"
break
end if
print "You score " + bulls + " bull" + "s"*(bulls!=1) +
" and " + cows + " cow" + "s"*(cows!=1) + "."
end while</lang>
- Output:
Your guess? 2385 You score 0 bulls and 2 cows. Your guess? 2323 You score 0 bulls and 2 cows. Your guess? 2211 You score 2 bulls and 1 cow. ... Your guess? 8542 You score 3 bulls and 0 cows. Your guess? 8642 You got it! Great job!
MUMPS
<lang MUMPS>BullCow New bull,cow,guess,guessed,ii,number,pos,x Set number="",x=1234567890 For ii=1:1:4 Do . Set pos=$Random($Length(x))+1 . Set number=number_$Extract(x,pos) . Set $Extract(x,pos)="" . Quit Write !,"The computer has selected a number that consists" Write !,"of four different digits." Write !!,"As you are guessing the number, ""bulls"" and ""cows""" Write !,"will be awarded: a ""bull"" for each digit that is" Write !,"placed in the correct position, and a ""cow"" for each" Write !,"digit that occurs in the number, but in a different place.",! Write !,"For a guess, enter 4 digits." Write !,"Any other input is interpreted as ""I give up"".",! Set guessed=0 For Do Quit:guessed . Write !,"Your guess: " Read guess If guess'?4n Set guessed=-1 Quit . Set (bull,cow)=0,x=guess . For ii=4:-1:1 If $Extract(x,ii)=$Extract(number,ii) Do . . Set bull=bull+1,$Extract(x,ii)="" . . Quit . For ii=1:1:$Length(x) Set:number[$Extract(x,ii) cow=cow+1 . Write !,"You guessed ",guess,". That earns you " . If 'bull,'cow Write "neither bulls nor cows..." Quit . If bull Write bull," bull" Write:bull>1 "s" . If cow Write:bull " and " Write cow," cow" Write:cow>1 "s" . Write "." . If bull=4 Set guessed=1 Write !,"That's a perfect score." . Quit If guessed<0 Write !!,"The number was ",number,".",! Quit Do BullCow
The computer has selected a number that consists of four different digits.
As you are guessing the number, "bulls" and "cows" will be awarded: a "bull" for each digit that is placed in the correct position, and a "cow" for each digit that occurs in the number, but in a different place.
For a guess, enter 4 digits. Any other input is interpreted as "I give up".
Your guess: 1234 You guessed 1234. That earns you 1 cow. Your guess: 5678 You guessed 5678. That earns you 1 cow. Your guess: 9815 You guessed 9815. That earns you 1 cow. Your guess: 9824 You guessed 9824. That earns you 2 cows. Your guess: 9037 You guessed 9037. That earns you 1 bull and 2 cows. Your guess: 9048 You guessed 2789. That earns you 1 bull and 2 cows. Your guess: 2079 You guessed 2079. That earns you 1 bull and 3 cows. Your guess: 2709 You guessed 2709. That earns you 2 bulls and 2 cows. Your guess: 0729 You guessed 0729. That earns you 4 cows. Your guess: 2907 You guessed 2907. That earns you 4 bulls. That's a perfect score.</lang>
Nanoquery
<lang Nanoquery>import Nanoquery.Util; random = new(Random)
// a function to verify the user's input def verify_digits(input) global size seen = ""
if len(input) != size return false else for char in input if not char in "0123456789" return false else if char in seen return false end
seen += char end end
return true end
size = 4 chosen = "" while len(chosen) < size digit = random.getInt(8) + 1
if not str(digit) in chosen chosen += str(digit) end end
println "I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order." println "You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen."
guesses = 1 won = false while !won print "\nNext guess [" + str(guesses) + "]: " guess = input()
if !verify_digits(guess) println "Problem, try again. You need to enter 4 unique digits from 1 to 9" else if guess = chosen won = true else bulls = 0 cows = 0 for i in range(0, size - 1) if guess[i] = chosen[i] bulls += 1 else if guess[i] in chosen cows += 1 end end
println format(" %d Bulls\n %d Cows", bulls, cows) guesses += 1 end end end
println "\nCongratulations you guess correctly in " + guesses + " attempts"</lang>
- Output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen. Next guess [1]: 1234 1 Bulls 2 Cows Next guess [2]: 1324 0 Bulls 3 Cows ... Next guess [10]: 2534 2 Bulls 2 Cows Next guess [11]: 4532 Congratulations you guess correctly in 11 attempts
Nim
<lang nim>import random, strutils, strformat, sequtils randomize()
const
Digits = "123456789"
DigitSet = {Digits[0]..Digits[^1]}
Size = 4
proc sample(s: string; n: Positive): string =
## Return a random sample of "n" characters extracted from string "s". var s = s s.shuffle() result = s[0..<n]
proc plural(n: int): string =
if n > 1: "s" else: ""
let chosen = Digits.sample(Size)
echo &"I have chosen a number from {Size} unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order." echo &"You need to input a {Size} digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen."
var guesses = 0 while true:
inc guesses
var guess = ""
while true:
stdout.write(&"\nNext guess {guesses}: ")
guess = stdin.readLine().strip()
if guess.len == Size and allCharsInSet(guess, DigitSet) and guess.deduplicate.len == Size:
break
echo &"Problem, try again. You need to enter {Size} unique digits from 1 to 9."
if guess == chosen:
echo &"\nCongratulations! You guessed correctly in {guesses} attempts."
break
var bulls, cows = 0
for i in 0..<Size:
if guess[i] == chosen[i]: inc bulls
elif guess[i] in chosen: inc cows
echo &" {bulls} Bull{plural(bulls)}\n {cows} Cow{plural(cows)}"</lang>
- Output:
Sample output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen. Next guess 1: 1234 2 Bulls 0 Cow Next guess 2: 1256 1 Bull 0 Cow Next guess 3: 2378 1 Bull 3 Cows Next guess 4: 7238 Congratulations! You guessed correctly in 4 attempts.
OCaml
<lang ocaml>let rec input () =
let s = read_line () in
try
if String.length s <> 4 then raise Exit;
String.iter (function
| '1'..'9' -> ()
| _ -> raise Exit
) s;
let t = [ s.[0]; s.[1]; s.[2]; s.[3] ] in
let _ = List.fold_left (* reject entry with duplication *)
(fun ac b -> if List.mem b ac then raise Exit; (b::ac))
[] t in
List.map (fun c -> int_of_string (String.make 1 c)) t
with Exit ->
prerr_endline "That is an invalid entry. Please try again.";
input ()
let print_score g t =
let bull = ref 0 in List.iter2 (fun x y -> if x = y then incr bull ) g t; let cow = ref 0 in List.iter (fun x -> if List.mem x t then incr cow ) g; cow := !cow - !bull; Printf.printf "%d bulls, %d cows\n%!" !bull !cow
let () =
Random.self_init ();
let rec mkgoal acc = function 4 -> acc
| i ->
let n = succ(Random.int 9) in
if List.mem n acc
then mkgoal acc i
else mkgoal (n::acc) (succ i)
in
let g = mkgoal [] 0 in
let found = ref false in
while not !found do
let t = input () in
if t = g
then found := true
else print_score g t
done;
print_endline "Congratulations you guessed correctly";
- </lang>
Oforth
<lang Oforth>: bullsAndCows | numbers guess digits bulls cows |
ListBuffer new ->numbers while(numbers size 4 <>) [ 9 rand dup numbers include ifFalse: [ numbers add ] else: [ drop ] ]
while(true) [
"Enter a number of 4 different digits between 1 and 9 : " print
System.Console askln ->digits
digits asInteger isNull digits size 4 <> or ifTrue: [ "Number of four digits needed" println continue ]
digits map(#asDigit) ->guess
guess numbers zipWith(#==) occurrences(true) ->bulls
bulls 4 == ifTrue: [ "You won !" println return ]
guess filter(#[numbers include]) size bulls - ->cows
System.Out "Bulls = " << bulls << ", cows = " << cows << cr
] ;</lang>
ooRexx
The solution at Rexx Version 2 is a valid ooRexx program.
Oz
<lang oz>declare
proc {Main}
Solution = {PickNUnique 4 {List.number 1 9 1}}
proc {Loop}
Guess = {EnterGuess}
in
{System.showInfo
{Bulls Guess Solution}#" bulls and "#
{Cows Guess Solution}#" cows"}
if Guess \= Solution then {Loop} end
end
in
{Loop}
{System.showInfo "You have won!"}
end
fun {Bulls Xs Sol}
{Length {Filter {List.zip Xs Sol Value.'=='} Id}}
end
fun {Cows Xs Sol}
{Length {Intersection Xs Sol}}
end
local
class TextFile from Open.file Open.text end
StdIn = {New TextFile init(name:stdin)}
in
fun {EnterGuess}
try
{System.printInfo "Enter your guess (e.g. \"1234\"): "}
S = {StdIn getS($)}
in
%% verify
{Length S} = 4
{All S Char.isDigit} = true
{FD.distinct S} %% assert there is no duplicate digit
%% convert from digits to numbers
{Map S fun {$ D} D-&0 end}
catch _ then
{EnterGuess}
end
end
end
fun {PickNUnique N Xs}
{FoldL {MakeList N}
fun {$ Z _}
{Pick {Diff Xs Z}}|Z
end
nil}
end
fun {Pick Xs}
{Nth Xs {OS.rand} mod {Length Xs} + 1}
end
fun {Diff Xs Ys}
{FoldL Ys List.subtract Xs}
end
fun {Intersection Xs Ys}
{Filter Xs fun {$ X} {Member X Ys} end}
end
fun {Id X} X end
in
{Main}</lang>
PARI/GP
This simple implementation expects guesses in the form [a,b,c,d]. <lang parigp>bc()={
my(u,v,bulls,cows);
while(#vecsort(v=vector(4,i,random(9)+1),,8)<4,);
while(bulls<4,
u=input();
if(type(u)!="t_VEC"|#u!=4,next);
bulls=sum(i=1,4,u[i]==v[i]);
cows=sum(i=1,4,sum(j=1,4,i!=j&v[i]==u[j]));
print("You have "bulls" bulls and "cows" cows")
)
};</lang>
Pascal
<lang pascal>Program BullCow;
{$mode objFPC}
uses Math, SysUtils;
type
TFourDigit = array[1..4] of integer;
Procedure WriteFourDigit(fd: TFourDigit); { Write out a TFourDigit with no line break following. } var
i: integer;
begin
for i := 1 to 4 do
begin
Write(fd[i]);
end;
end;
Function WellFormed(Tentative: TFourDigit): Boolean; { Does the TFourDigit avoid repeating digits? } var
current, check: integer;
begin
Result := True;
for current := 1 to 4 do
begin
for check := current + 1 to 4 do
begin
if Tentative[check] = Tentative[current] then
begin
Result := False;
end;
end;
end;
end;
Function MakeNumber(): TFourDigit; { Make a random TFourDigit, keeping trying until it is well-formed. } var
i: integer;
begin
for i := 1 to 4 do
begin
Result[i] := RandomRange(1, 9);
end;
if not WellFormed(Result) then
begin
Result := MakeNumber();
end;
end;
Function StrToFourDigit(s: string): TFourDigit; { Convert an (input) string to a TFourDigit. } var
i: integer;
begin
for i := 1 to Length(s) do
begin
StrToFourDigit[i] := StrToInt(s[i]);
end;
end;
Function Wins(Num, Guess: TFourDigit): Boolean; { Does the guess win? } var
i: integer;
begin
Result := True;
for i := 1 to 4 do
begin
if Num[i] <> Guess[i] then
begin
Result := False;
Exit;
end;
end;
end;
Function GuessScore(Num, Guess: TFourDigit): string; { Represent the score of the current guess as a string. } var
i, j, bulls, cows: integer;
begin
bulls := 0; cows := 0;
{ Count the cows and bulls. }
for i := 1 to 4 do
begin
for j := 1 to 4 do
begin
if (Num[i] = Guess[j]) then
begin
{ If the indices are the same, that would be a bull. }
if (i = j) then
begin
bulls := bulls + 1;
end
else
begin
cows := cows + 1;
end;
end;
end;
end;
{ Format the result as a sentence. }
Result := IntToStr(bulls) + ' bulls, ' + IntToStr(cows) + ' cows.';
end;
Function GetGuess(): TFourDigit; { Get a well-formed user-supplied TFourDigit guess. } var
input: string;
begin
WriteLn('Enter a guess:');
ReadLn(input);
{ Must be 4 digits. }
if Length(input) = 4 then
begin
Result := StrToFourDigit(input);
if not WellFormed(Result) then
begin
WriteLn('Four unique digits, please.');
Result := GetGuess();
end;
end
else
begin
WriteLn('Please guess a four-digit number.');
Result := GetGuess();
end;
end;
var
Num, Guess: TFourDigit; Turns: integer;
begin
{ Initialize the randymnity. }
Randomize();
{ Make the secred number. }
Num := MakeNumber();
WriteLn('I have a secret number. Guess it!');
Turns := 0;
{ Guess until the user gets it. }
While True do
begin
Guess := GetGuess();
{ Count each guess as a turn. }
Turns := Turns + 1;
{ If the user won, tell them and ditch. }
if Wins(Num, Guess) then
begin
WriteLn('You won in ' + IntToStr(Turns) + ' tries.');
Write('The number was ');
WriteFourDigit(Num);
WriteLn('!');
Exit;
end
else { Otherwise, score it and get a new guess. }
begin
WriteLn(GuessScore(Num, Guess));
end;
end;
end. </lang>
Perl
<lang perl>use Data::Random qw(rand_set); use List::MoreUtils qw(uniq);
my $size = 4; my $chosen = join "", rand_set set => ["1".."9"], size => $size;
print "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n";
for ( my $guesses = 1; ; $guesses++ ) {
my $guess;
while (1) {
print "\nNext guess [$guesses]: ";
$guess = <STDIN>;
chomp $guess;
checkguess($guess) and last;
print "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n";
}
if ( $guess eq $chosen ) {
print "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n";
last;
}
my $bulls = 0;
my $cows = 0;
for my $i (0 .. $size-1) {
if ( substr($guess, $i, 1) eq substr($chosen, $i, 1) ) {
$bulls++;
} elsif ( index($chosen, substr($guess, $i, 1)) >= 0 ) {
$cows++;
}
}
print "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n";
}
sub checkguess {
my $g = shift;
return uniq(split //, $g) == $size && $g =~ /^[1-9]{$size}$/;
}</lang>
Phix
-- -- demo\rosetta\BullsAndCows.exw -- ============================= -- with javascript_semantics -- (DEV lots of resizing issues) constant N = 4 function mask(integer ch) return power(2,ch-'1') end function function score(string guess, goal) integer bits = 0, bulls = 0, cows = 0, b for i=1 to N do b = goal[i] if guess[i]=b then bulls += 1 else bits += mask(b) end if end for for i=1 to N do b = mask(guess[i]) if and_bits(bits,b)!=0 then cows += 1 bits -= b end if end for return {bulls, cows} end function include pGUI.e Ihandle label, guess, res, dlg string fmt = " Guess %-2d (%s) bulls:%d cows:%d\n", tgt = shuffle("123456789")[1..N] integer attempt = 1 function valuechanged_cb(Ihandle /*guess*/) string g = IupGetAttribute(guess,"VALUE") if length(g)=4 and length(unique(g))=4 then integer {bulls, cows} = score(g,tgt) string title = IupGetAttribute(res,"TITLE") & sprintf(fmt,{attempt,g,bulls,cows}) if bulls=N then title &= "\nWell done!" IupSetInt(guess,"ACTIVE",false) else IupSetAttribute(guess,"VALUE","") end if IupSetStrAttribute(res,"TITLE",title) attempt += 1 IupSetAttribute(dlg,"SIZE",NULL) IupRefresh(dlg) end if return IUP_DEFAULT end function procedure main() IupOpen() label = IupLabel(sprintf("Enter %d digits 1 to 9 without duplication",{N})) guess = IupText("VALUECHANGED_CB", Icallback("valuechanged_cb")) res = IupLabel("") dlg = IupDialog(IupVbox({IupHbox({label,guess},"GAP=10,NORMALIZESIZE=VERTICAL"), IupHbox({res})},"MARGIN=5x5"),`TITLE="Bulls and Cows"`) IupShow(dlg) if platform()!=JS then IupMainLoop() IupClose() end if end procedure main()
- Output:
(as shown in the res label)
Guess 1 (5739) bulls:0 cows:3 Guess 2 (7193) bulls:2 cows:1 Guess 3 (3495) bulls:0 cows:2 Guess 4 (7983) bulls:3 cows:0 Guess 5 (7963) bulls:3 cows:0 Guess 6 (7923) bulls:4 cows:0 Well done!
PHP
<lang php><?php $size = 4;
$chosen = implode(array_rand(array_flip(range(1,9)), $size));
echo "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n";
for ($guesses = 1; ; $guesses++) {
while (true) {
echo "\nNext guess [$guesses]: ";
$guess = rtrim(fgets(STDIN));
if (!checkguess($guess))
echo "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n";
else
break;
}
if ($guess == $chosen) {
echo "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n";
break;
} else {
$bulls = 0;
$cows = 0;
foreach (range(0, $size-1) as $i) {
if ($guess[$i] == $chosen[$i])
$bulls++;
else if (strpos($chosen, $guess[$i]) !== FALSE)
$cows++;
}
echo "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n";
}
}
function checkguess($g) {
global $size;
return count(array_unique(str_split($g))) == $size &&
preg_match("/^[1-9]Template:$size$/", $g);
} ?></lang>
Picat
<lang Picat>main =>
Digits = to_array("123456789"),
Size = 4,
random_sample(Size,Size,[],ChosenIndecies),
Chosen = {Digits[I] : I in ChosenIndecies},
printf("I have chosen a number from %d unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.\n", Size),
printf("You need to input a %d digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen.\n", Size),
guess(Chosen,Size,1).
guess(Chosen,Size,NGuess) =>
Input = read_line(),
Guess = Input.to_array(),
if len(Guess) != Size || len(sort_remove_dups(Input)) != Size || (member(D, Input), (D @< '1' || D @> '9')) then
printf("Problem, try again. You need to enter %d unique digits from 1 to 9\n", Size),
guess(Chosen,Size,NGuess)
elseif Guess == Chosen then
printf("\nCongratulations you guessed correctly in %d attempts\n", NGuess)
else
Bulls = sum([cond(Chosen[I] == Guess[I], 1, 0) : I in 1..Size]),
Cows = sum([cond(member(Chosen[I], Input), 1, 0) : I in 1..Size]),
printf("%d Bulls\n%d Cows\n", Bulls, Cows),
guess(Chosen, Size, NGuess+1)
end.
random_sample(_N,0,Chosen0,Chosen) => Chosen = Chosen0. random_sample(N,I,Chosen0,Chosen) =>
R = random() mod N + 1,
(not member(R, Chosen0) ->
random_sample(N,I-1,[R|Chosen0],Chosen)
;
random_sample(N,I,Chosen0,Chosen)
).
</lang>
PicoLisp
<lang lisp>(de ok? (N)
(let D (mapcar 'format (chop N))
(and (num? N)
(not (member 0 D))
(= 4 (length D))
(= D (uniq D))
D )) )
(de init-cows ()
(until (setq *Hidden (ok? (rand 1234 9876)))) )
(de guess (N)
(let D (ok? N)
(if D
(let Bulls (cnt '= D *Hidden)
(if (= 4 Bulls)
" You guessed it!"
(let Cows (- (cnt '((N) (member N *Hidden)) D) Bulls)
(pack Bulls " bulls, " Cows " cows") ) ) )
" Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" ) ) )
</lang>
PowerShell
<lang PowerShell> [int]$guesses = $bulls = $cows = 0 [string]$guess = "none" [string]$digits = ""
while ($digits.Length -lt 4) {
$character = [char](49..57 | Get-Random)
if ($digits.IndexOf($character) -eq -1) {$digits += $character}
}
Write-Host "`nGuess four digits (1-9) using no digit twice.`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan
while ($bulls -lt 4) {
do
{
$prompt = "Guesses={0:0#}, Last='{1,4}', Bulls={2}, Cows={3}; Enter your guess" -f $guesses, $guess, $bulls, $cows
$guess = Read-Host $prompt
if ($guess.Length -ne 4) {Write-Host "`nMust be a four-digit number`n" -ForegroundColor Red}
if ($guess -notmatch "[1-9][1-9][1-9][1-9]") {Write-Host "`nMust be numbers 1-9`n" -ForegroundColor Red}
}
until ($guess.Length -eq 4)
$guesses += 1 $bulls = $cows = 0
for ($i = 0; $i -lt 4; $i++)
{
$character = $digits.Substring($i,1)
if ($guess.Substring($i,1) -eq $character)
{
$bulls += 1
}
else
{
if ($guess.IndexOf($character) -ge 0)
{
$cows += 1
}
}
}
}
Write-Host "`nYou won after $($guesses - 1) guesses." -ForegroundColor Cyan </lang>
- Output:
Guess four digits (1-9) using no digit twice. Guesses=00, Last='none', Bulls=0, Cows=0; Enter your guess: 1234 Guesses=01, Last='1234', Bulls=0, Cows=3; Enter your guess: 2345 Guesses=02, Last='2345', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 2346 Guesses=03, Last='2346', Bulls=1, Cows=1; Enter your guess: 2341 Guesses=04, Last='2341', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 3241 Guesses=05, Last='3241', Bulls=0, Cows=3; Enter your guess: 4321 Guesses=06, Last='4321', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 5321 Guesses=07, Last='5321', Bulls=2, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 5312 You won after 7 guesses.
Processing
Produces both a console transcript and a GUI interface to the game. Creates a new game each time the guess is correct; tracks number of games won. <lang processing>IntDict score; StringList choices; StringList guess; StringList secret; int gamesWon = -1;
void setup() {
choices = new StringList("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9");
newGame();
}
void newGame() {
gamesWon++;
choices.shuffle();
secret = new StringList();
for (int i=0; i<4; i++) { // selections
secret.append(choices.get(i));
}
newGuess();
println("\nsecret:", secret, "\n");
}
void newGuess() {
guess = new StringList(); score = null;
}
void draw() {
background(0);
text("Bulls & Cows " + gamesWon, 5, 20);
for (int i=0; i<guess.size(); i++) {
text(guess.get(i), 20*i+10, height/2);
}
if (score!=null) {
text("bulls:" + score.get("bulls") + " cows:" + score.get("cows"), 10, height-20);
}
}
void keyReleased() {
if (score!=null && score.get("bulls")==4) newGame();
if (guess.size()==secret.size()) newGuess();
if (guess.hasValue(str(key))) newGuess();
if (key>=48 && key<=57) guess.append(str(key));
if (guess.size()==secret.size()) {
score = checkScore(secret, guess);
println("guess: ", guess, "\n", score, "wins:", gamesWon);
}
}
IntDict checkScore(StringList secret, StringList guess) {
IntDict result = new IntDict();
result.set("bulls", 0);
result.set("cows", 0);
for (int i=0; i<guess.size(); i++) {
if (guess.get(i).equals(secret.get(i))) {
result.add("bulls", 1);
} else if (secret.hasValue(guess.get(i))) {
result.add("cows", 1);
}
}
return result;
}</lang>
Prolog
Works with SWI-Prolog 6.1.8 (for predicate foldl), module lambda, written by Ulrich Neumerkel found there http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/Prolog-inedit/lambda.pl and module clpfd written by Markus Triska. <lang Prolog>:- use_module(library(lambda)).
- - use_module(library(clpfd)).
% Parameters of the server
% length of the guess proposition(4).
% Numbers of digits % 0 -> 8 digits(8).
bulls_and_cows_server :-
proposition(LenGuess),
length(Solution, LenGuess),
choose(Solution),
repeat,
write('Your guess : '),
read(Guess),
( study(Solution, Guess, Bulls, Cows)
-> format('Bulls : ~w Cows : ~w~n', [Bulls, Cows]),
Bulls = LenGuess
; digits(Digits), Max is Digits + 1,
format('Guess must be of ~w digits between 1 and ~w~n',
[LenGuess, Max]),
fail).
choose(Solution) :- digits(Digits), Max is Digits + 1, repeat, maplist(\X^(X is random(Max) + 1), Solution), all_distinct(Solution), !.
study(Solution, Guess, Bulls, Cows) :- proposition(LenGuess), digits(Digits),
% compute the transformation 1234 => [1,2,3,4] atom_chars(Guess, Chars), maplist(\X^Y^(atom_number(X, Y)), Chars, Ms),
% check that the guess is well formed length(Ms, LenGuess), maplist(\X^(X > 0, X =< Digits+1), Ms),
% compute the digit in good place foldl(\X^Y^V0^V1^((X = Y->V1 is V0+1; V1 = V0)),Solution, Ms, 0, Bulls),
% compute the digits in bad place foldl(\Y1^V2^V3^(foldl(\X2^Z2^Z3^(X2 = Y1 -> Z3 is Z2+1; Z3 = Z2), Ms, 0, TT1), V3 is V2+ TT1), Solution, 0, TT), Cows is TT - Bulls. </lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>Define.s secret, guess, c Define.i bulls, cows, guesses, i
If OpenConsole()
While Len(secret) < 4
c = Chr(Random(8) + 49)
If FindString(secret, c, 1) = 0
secret + c
EndIf
Wend
Repeat
Print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ")
guess = Input()
If Len(guess) = 0
Break ;break from loop
EndIf
isMalformedGuess = #False
If Len(guess) <> 4
;guess is too short
isMalformedGuess = #True
Else
For i = 1 To 4
c = Mid(guess, i, 1)
If Not FindString("123456789", c, 1) Or CountString(guess, c) <> 1
;guess contains either non-digits or duplicate digits
isMalformedGuess = #True
Break ;break from For/Next loop
EndIf
Next
EndIf
If isMalformedGuess
PrintN("** You should enter 4 different numeric digits that are each from 1 to 9!")
Continue ;continue loop
EndIf
bulls = 0: cows = 0: guesses = guesses + 1
For i = 1 To 4
c = Mid(secret, i, 1)
If Mid(guess, i, 1) = c
bulls + 1
ElseIf FindString(guess, c, 1)
cows + 1
EndIf
Next
Print( Str(bulls) + " bull")
If bulls <> 1
Print( "s")
EndIf
Print( ", " + Str(cows) + " cow")
If cows <> 1
PrintN( "s")
Else
PrintN("")
EndIf
If guess = secret
PrintN("You won after " + Str(guesses) + " guesses!")
Break ;break from loop
EndIf
ForEver
Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit") Input() CloseConsole()
EndIf</lang>
Python
<lang python>
Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
import random
digits = '123456789' size = 4 chosen = .join(random.sample(digits,size))
- print chosen # Debug
print I have chosen a number from %s unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a %i digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen % (size, size) guesses = 0 while True:
guesses += 1
while True:
# get a good guess
guess = raw_input('\nNext guess [%i]: ' % guesses).strip()
if len(guess) == size and \
all(char in digits for char in guess) \
and len(set(guess)) == size:
break
print "Problem, try again. You need to enter %i unique digits from 1 to 9" % size
if guess == chosen:
print '\nCongratulations you guessed correctly in',guesses,'attempts'
break
bulls = cows = 0
for i in range(size):
if guess[i] == chosen[i]:
bulls += 1
elif guess[i] in chosen:
cows += 1
print ' %i Bulls\n %i Cows' % (bulls, cows)</lang>
Sample output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen Next guess [1]: 79 Problem, try again. You need to enter 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 Next guess [1]: 7983 2 Bulls 2 Cows Next guess [2]: 7938 Congratulations you guessed correctly in 2 attempts
QB64
<lang QB64> Const MaxDigit = 4, Min = 1, Max = 9 Dim As String NumberToGuess, NumberToTest, Newdigit, Result Dim As Integer Counter, Number Randomize Timer Do
Counter = Counter + 1 Newdigit = _Trim$(Str$(Int(Rnd * Max) + Min)) If InStr(NumberToGuess, Newdigit) = 0 Then NumberToGuess = NumberToGuess + Newdigit Else Counter = Counter - 1
Loop While Counter < MaxDigit Print NumberToGuess 'debug output Do While NumberToGuess <> NumberToTest
Input "Please enter your guess of 4 digits... ", Number
NumberToTest = _Trim$(Str$(Number))
If NumberToGuess <> NumberToTest Then
Result = ""
For Counter = 1 To 4 Step 1
Newdigit = Mid$(NumberToTest, Counter, 1)
If InStr(NumberToGuess, Newdigit) - Counter = 0 Then
Result = Result + " Bull "
ElseIf InStr(NumberToGuess, Newdigit) > 0 Then
Result = Result + " Cow "
End If
Next Counter
Print NumberToTest, Result
Else
Print "You Win!"
End If
Loop </lang>
R
<lang R>target <- sample(1:9,4) bulls <- 0 cows <- 0 attempts <- 0 while (bulls != 4)
{
input <- readline("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits or 0s: ")
if (nchar(input) == 4)
{
input <- as.integer(strsplit(input,"")1)
if ((sum(is.na(input)+sum(input==0))>=1) | (length(table(input)) != 4)) {print("Malformed input!")} else {
bulls <- sum(input == target)
cows <- sum(input %in% target)-bulls
cat("\n",bulls," Bull(s) and ",cows, " Cow(s)\n")
attempts <- attempts + 1
}
} else {print("Malformed input!")}
}
print(paste("You won in",attempts,"attempt(s)!"))</lang>
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket
- secret
- (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?)
(define secret
(foldr (λ (n result)
(cons n (map (λ (y) (if (>= y n) (add1 y) y))
result)))
'()
(map random '(10 9 8 7))))
- (count-bulls/cows guess) -> (values exact-nonnegative-integer?
- exact-nonnegative-integer?)
- guess
- (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?)
(define (count-bulls/cows guess)
(let* ([bulls (map = guess secret)]
[cow-candidates (filter-map (λ (x y) (if (false? x) y #f))
bulls
secret)]
[cows (filter (curryr member cow-candidates) guess)])
(values (length (filter ((curry equal?) #t) bulls))
(length cows))))
- (valid-guess guess-str) -> (or/c (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?) #f)
- guess-str
- string?
(define (valid-guess guess-str)
(define (char->digit c)
(- (char->integer c) (char->integer #\0)))
(if (regexp-match-exact? #px"[0-9]{4}" guess-str)
(let ([guess (map char->digit (string->list guess-str))])
(if (andmap (λ (x) (equal? (count ((curry equal?) x) guess) 1))
guess)
guess
#f))
#f))
- Game states
(define win #t) (define game #f)
- (main-loop state step) -> void?
- state
- boolean?
- step
- exact-nonnegative-integer?
(define (main-loop state step)
(if (equal? state win)
(printf "You won after ~a guesses." step)
(begin
(let* ([guess-str (read-line)]
[guess (valid-guess guess-str)])
(if (false? guess)
(begin (displayln "Guess should include exactly four different digits")
(main-loop state step))
(let-values ([(bulls cows) (count-bulls/cows guess)])
(if (= bulls 4)
(main-loop win (add1 step))
(begin (printf "Bulls: ~a Cows: ~a\n" bulls cows)
(main-loop state (add1 step))))))))))
(main-loop game 0)</lang>
Output:
1234 Bulls: 0 Cows: 1 21345 Guess should include exactly four different digits 2134 Bulls: 1 Cows: 0 2314 Bulls: 0 Cows: 1 5167 Bulls: 1 Cows: 1 5189 Bulls: 1 Cows: 2 0189 Bulls: 1 Cows: 2 8179 Bulls: 1 Cows: 3 7198 You won after 8 guesses.
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
<lang perl6>my $size = 4; my @secret = pick $size, '1' .. '9';
for 1..* -> $guesses {
my @guess;
loop {
@guess = (prompt("Guess $guesses: ") // exit).comb;
last if @guess == $size and
all(@guess) eq one(@guess) & any('1' .. '9');
say 'Malformed guess; try again.';
}
my ($bulls, $cows) = 0, 0;
for ^$size {
when @guess[$_] eq @secret[$_] { ++$bulls; }
when @guess[$_] eq any @secret { ++$cows; }
}
last if $bulls == $size;
say "$bulls bulls, $cows cows.";
}
say 'A winner is you!';</lang>
Red
<lang Red> Red[] a: "0123456789" bulls: 0 random/seed now/time number: copy/part random a 4 while [bulls <> 4] [ bulls: 0 cows: 0 guess: ask "make a guess: " repeat i 4 [ if (pick guess i) = (pick number i) [bulls: bulls + 1] ] cows: (length? intersect guess number) - bulls print ["bulls: " bulls " cows: " cows] ] print "You won!" </lang>
REXX
This game is also known as:
- Pigs and Bulls
- Bulls and Cleots
- Mastermind
- Master Mind
version 1
This REXX version of Bulls and Cows doesn't allow repeated digits (in the computer-generated number),
nor the use of the zero digit.
To allow a zero digit, change the 1 on the 2nd REXX statement for the random BIF invocation.
To allow repeated digits in the computer-generated number, delete the 3rd REXX statement if pos(r, ?)···,
and also change the prompt message.
The REXX statement that contains the translate statement can be removed if repeated digits aren't allowed.
<lang rexx>/*REXX program scores the Bulls & Cows game with CBLFs (Carbon Based Life Forms). */
?=; do until length(?)==4; r= random(1, 9) /*generate a unique four-digit number. */
if pos(r,?)\==0 then iterate; ?= ? || r /*don't allow a repeated digit/numeral. */ end /*until length*/ /* [↑] builds a unique four-digit number*/
$= '──────── [Bulls & Cows] ' /*a literal that is part of the prompt. */
do until bulls==4; say /*play until guessed or enters "Quit".*/
say $ 'Please enter a 4-digit guess (with no zeroes) [or Quit]:'
pull n; n=space(n, 0); if abbrev('QUIT', n, 1) then exit /*user wants to quit?*/
q=?; L= length(n); bulls= 0; cows= 0 /*initialize some REXX variables. */
do j=1 for L; if substr(n, j, 1)\==substr(q, j, 1) then iterate /*is bull?*/
bulls= bulls +1; q= overlay(., q, j) /*bump the bull count; disallow for cow.*/
end /*j*/ /* [↑] bull count───────────────────────*/
/*is cow? */
do k=1 for L; _= substr(n, k, 1); if pos(_, q)==0 then iterate
cows=cows + 1; q= translate(q, , _) /*bump the cow count; allow mult digits.*/
end /*k*/ /* [↑] cow count───────────────────────*/
say; @= 'You got' bulls
if L\==0 & bulls\==4 then say $ @ 'bull's(bulls) "and" cows 'cow's(cows).
end /*until bulls*/
say " ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐"
say " │ │"
say " │ Congratulations, you've guessed it !! │"
say " │ │"
say " └─────────────────────────────────────────┘"
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
s: if arg(1)==1 then return ; return "s" /*this function handles pluralization. */</lang>
Version 2
<lang rexx> /*REXX program to play the game of "Bulls & Cows". *******************
- Changes from Version 1:
- ?= -> qq= (righthandside mandatory and I never use ? as symbol -
- although it is available on all Rexxes)
- implemented singular/plural distinction differently
- change getRand to avoid invalid digit rejection
- check user's input for multiple digits
- add feature MM to ease guessing (MM=Mastermind - a similar game)
- add feature ? to see the solution (for the impatient player)
- program runs as is on ooRexx and on TSO (after changing | to !)
- Made source and output more compact
- formatted source 'my way' 2 July 2012 Walter Pachl
- /
ask='<Bulls & Cows game> Please enter a four-digit guess (or QUIT):'
b.='bulls'; b.1='bull' c.='cows'; c.1='cow' qq=getRand() mm=0 Do Forever
If get_guess()==qq Then leave Call scorer Say "You got" bulls b.bulls "and" cows c.cows"." If mm Then Say mms End /*forever*/
Say " *******************************************" Say " * *" Say " * Congratulations, you've guessed it !! *" Say " * *" Say " *******************************************" Exit
get_guess: /*get a guess from the guesser. */
do forever
Say ask
Parse Pull guessi
guess=translate(guessi)
bc=verify(guess,987654321)
Select
When guess='?' Then Say qq 'is the correct sequence'
When guess='QUIT' Then Exit
When guess='MM' Then Do
Say 'Mastermind output enabled'
mm=1
End
When guess= Then Call ser 'no argument specified.'
When words(guess)>1 Then Call ser 'too many arguments specified.'
When verify(0,guess)=0 Then Call ser 'illegal digit: 0'
When bc>0 Then Call ser 'illegal character:' substr(guessi,bc,1)
When length(guess)<4 Then Call ser 'not enough digits'
When length(guess)>4 Then Call ser 'too many digits'
When dups(guess) Then Call ser '4 DIFFERENT digits, please'
Otherwise Do
/********** Say guess ************/
Return guess
End
End
End
getRand: digits='123456789' qq= Do i=1 To 4
d=random(1,length(digits)) d=substr(digits,d,1) qq=qq||d digits=space(translate(digits,' ',d),0) /************ Say qq digits ************/ End
Return qq
scorer: g=qq mms='----' bulls=0 Do j=1 for 4
If substr(guess,j,1)=substr(qq,j,1) Then Do
bulls=bulls+1
guess=overlay(' ',guess,j)
mms=overlay('+',mms,j)
End
End
cows=0 Do j=1 To 4
If pos(substr(guess,j,1),qq)>0 Then Do
cows=cows+1
mms=overlay('.',mms,j)
End
End
Return
dups: Procedure Parse Arg s Do i=1 To 3
If pos(substr(s,i,1),substr(s,i+1))>0 Then Return 1 End
Return 0
ser: Say '*** error ***' arg(1); Return </lang>
Ring
<lang ring>
- Project : Bulls and cows
secret = "" while len(secret) != 4
c = char(48 + random(9))
if substr(secret, c) = 0
secret = secret + c
ok
end
see "guess a four-digit number with no digit used twice." guesses = 0 guess = "" while true
guess = ""
while len(guess) != 4
see "enter your guess: "
give guess
if len(guess) != 4
see "must be a four-digit number" + nl
ok
end
guesses = guesses + 1
if guess = secret
see "you won after " + guesses + " guesses!"
exit
ok
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i = 1 to 4
c = secret[i]
if guess[i] = c
bulls = bulls + 1
but substr(guess, c) > 0
cows = cows + 1
ok
next
see "you got " + bulls + " bull(s) and " + cows + " cow(s)." + nl
end </lang>
Ruby
Inspired by Tcl
<lang ruby>def generate_word(len)
[*"1".."9"].shuffle.first(len) # [*"1".."9"].sample(len) ver 1.9+
end
def get_guess(len)
loop do
print "Enter a guess: "
guess = gets.strip
err = case
when guess.match(/[^1-9]/) ; "digits only"
when guess.length != len ; "exactly #{len} digits"
when guess.split("").uniq.length != len; "digits must be unique"
else return guess.split("")
end
puts "the word must be #{len} unique digits between 1 and 9 (#{err}). Try again."
end
end
def score(word, guess)
bulls = cows = 0
guess.each_with_index do |num, idx|
if word[idx] == num
bulls += 1
elsif word.include? num
cows += 1
end
end
[bulls, cows]
end
word_length = 4 puts "I have chosen a number with #{word_length} unique digits from 1 to 9." word = generate_word(word_length) count = 0 loop do
guess = get_guess(word_length) count += 1 break if word == guess puts "that guess has %d bulls and %d cows" % score(word, guess)
end puts "you guessed correctly in #{count} tries."</lang>
Inspired by Python
<lang ruby>size = 4 secret = [*'1' .. '9'].sample(size) guess = nil
i=0 loop do
i+=1
loop do
print "Guess #{i}: "
guess = gets.chomp.chars
exit if guess.empty?
break if guess.size == size and
guess.all? { |x| ('1'..'9').include? x } and
guess.uniq.size == size
puts "Problem, try again. You need to enter #{size} unique digits from 1 to 9"
end
if guess == secret
puts "Congratulations you guessed correctly in #{i} attempts"
break
end
bulls = cows = 0
size.times do |j|
if guess[j] == secret[j]
bulls += 1
elsif secret.include? guess[j]
cows += 1
end
end
puts "Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}"
end</lang>
Rust
<lang rust>use std::io; use rand::{Rng,thread_rng};
extern crate rand;
const NUMBER_OF_DIGITS: usize = 4;
static DIGITS: [char; 9] = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'];
fn generate_digits() -> Vec<char> {
let mut temp_digits: Vec<_> = (&DIGITS[..]).into(); thread_rng().shuffle(&mut temp_digits); return temp_digits.iter().take(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS).map(|&a| a).collect();
}
fn parse_guess_string(guess: &str) -> Result<Vec<char>, String> {
let chars: Vec<char> = (&guess).chars().collect();
if !chars.iter().all(|c| DIGITS.contains(c)) {
return Err("only digits, please".to_string());
}
if chars.len() != NUMBER_OF_DIGITS {
return Err(format!("you need to guess with {} digits", NUMBER_OF_DIGITS));
}
let mut uniques: Vec<char> = chars.clone();
uniques.dedup();
if uniques.len() != chars.len() {
return Err("no duplicates, please".to_string());
}
return Ok(chars);
}
fn calculate_score(given_digits: &[char], guessed_digits: &[char]) -> (usize, usize) {
let mut bulls = 0;
let mut cows = 0;
for i in 0..NUMBER_OF_DIGITS {
let pos: Option<usize> = guessed_digits.iter().position(|&a| -> bool {a == given_digits[i]});
match pos {
None => (),
Some(p) if p == i => bulls += 1,
Some(_) => cows += 1
}
}
return (bulls, cows);
}
fn main() {
let reader = io::stdin();
loop {
let given_digits = generate_digits();
println!("I have chosen my {} digits. Please guess what they are", NUMBER_OF_DIGITS);
loop {
let guess_string: String = {
let mut buf = String::new();
reader.read_line(&mut buf).unwrap();
buf.trim().into()
};
let digits_maybe = parse_guess_string(&guess_string);
match digits_maybe {
Err(msg) => {
println!("{}", msg);
continue;
},
Ok(guess_digits) => {
match calculate_score(&given_digits, &guess_digits) {
(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS, _) => {
println!("you win!");
break;
},
(bulls, cows) => println!("bulls: {}, cows: {}", bulls, cows)
}
}
}
}
}
}</lang>
Scala
<lang scala>import scala.util.Random
object BullCow {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val number=chooseNumber
var guessed=false
var guesses=0
while(!guessed){
Console.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ")
val input=Console.readInt
val digits=input.toString.map(_.asDigit).toList
if(input>=1111 && input<=9999 && !hasDups(digits)){
guesses+=1
var bulls, cows=0
for(i <- 0 to 3)
if(number(i)==digits(i))
bulls+=1
else if(number.contains(digits(i)))
cows+=1
if(bulls==4)
guessed=true
else
println("%d Cows and %d Bulls.".format(cows, bulls))
}
}
println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!");
}
def chooseNumber={
var digits=List[Int]()
while(digits.size<4){
val d=Random.nextInt(9)+1
if (!digits.contains(d))
digits=digits:+d
}
digits
}
def hasDups(input:List[Int])=input.size!=input.distinct.size
}</lang>
Scheme
<lang scheme>
- generate a random non-repeating list of 4 digits, 1-9 inclusive
(define (get-num)
(define (gen lst)
(if (= (length lst) 4) lst
(let ((digit (+ (random 9) 1)))
(if (member digit lst) ;make sure the new digit isn't in the
;list
(gen lst)
(gen (cons digit lst))))))
(string->list (apply string-append (map number->string (gen '())))))
- is g a valid guess (that is, non-repeating, four digits 1-9
- inclusive?)
(define (valid-guess? g)
(let ((g-num (string->number (apply string g))))
;does the same digit appear twice in lst?
(define (repeats? lst)
(cond ((null? lst) #f)
((member (car lst) (cdr lst)) #t)
(else (repeats? (cdr lst)))))
(and g-num
(> g-num 1233)
(< g-num 9877)
(not (repeats? g)))))
- return '(cows bulls) for the given guess
(define (score answer guess)
;total cows + bulls
(define (cows&bulls a g)
(cond ((null? a) 0)
((member (car a) g) (+ 1 (cows&bulls (cdr a) g)))
(else (cows&bulls (cdr a) g))))
;bulls only
(define (bulls a g)
(cond ((null? a) 0)
((equal? (car a) (car g)) (+ 1 (bulls (cdr a) (cdr g))))
(else (bulls (cdr a) (cdr g)))))
(list (- (cows&bulls answer guess) (bulls answer guess)) (bulls answer guess)))
- play the game
(define (bull-cow answer)
;get the user's guess as a list
(define (get-guess)
(let ((e (read)))
(if (number? e)
(string->list (number->string e))
(string->list (symbol->string e)))))
(display "Enter a guess: ")
(let ((guess (get-guess)))
(if (valid-guess? guess)
(let ((bulls (cadr (score answer guess)))
(cows (car (score answer guess))))
(if (= bulls 4)
(display "You win!\n")
(begin
(display bulls)
(display " bulls, ")
(display cows)
(display " cows.\n")
(bull-cow answer))))
(begin
(display "Invalid guess.\n")
(bull-cow answer)))))
(bull-cow (get-num)) </lang>
Sample game play
Enter a guess: 1234 0 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2345 1 bulls, 0 cows. Enter a guess: 2346 1 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2367 0 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2647 1 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2648 2 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2468 1 bulls, 2 cows. Enter a guess: 1468 1 bulls, 2 cows. Enter a guess: 2684 0 bulls, 3 cows. Enter a guess: 6248 3 bulls, 0 cows. Enter a guess: 6948 You win!
Scratch
Scratch is a graphical programming language. Follow the link to see an example solution for Bulls and Cows
Scratch - Bulls and Cows
The program "says" the score of the current guess and uses a list to display previous guesses.
Malformed guesses are rejected for the following reasons:
- Guess is longer or shorter than 4 characters
- Guess contains character other than the digits 1 - 9
- Guess contains a digit more than once (i.e. 3484 - this would be rejected because "4" appears in the guess two times)
Since Scratch is an educational language, I've included comments in the code to explain what the program is doing.
Seed7
<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
const proc: main is func
local
const integer: size is 4;
var set of char: digits is {'1' .. '9'};
var string: chosen is " " mult size;
var integer: guesses is 0;
var string: guess is "";
var integer: pos is 0;
var integer: bulls is 0;
var integer: cows is 0;
var boolean: okay is FALSE;
begin
for pos range 1 to 4 do
chosen @:= [pos] rand(digits);
excl(digits, chosen[pos]);
end for;
writeln("I have chosen a number from " <& size <& " unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.");
writeln("You need to input a " <& size <& " digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen");
repeat
incr(guesses);
repeat
write("Next guess [" <& guesses <& "]: ");
readln(guess);
okay := length(guess) = size;
for key pos range guess do
okay := okay and guess[pos] in {'1' .. '9'} and pos(guess[succ(pos) ..], guess[pos]) = 0;
end for;
if not okay then
writeln("Problem, try again. You need to enter " <& size <& " unique digits from 1 to 9");
end if;
until okay;
if guess <> chosen then
bulls := 0;
cows := 0;
for key pos range chosen do
if guess[pos] = chosen[pos] then
incr(bulls);
elsif pos(chosen, guess[pos]) <> 0 then
incr(cows);
end if;
end for;
writeln(" " <& bulls <& " Bulls");
writeln(" " <& cows <& " Cows");
end if;
until guess = chosen;
writeln("Congratulations you guessed correctly in " <& guesses <& " attempts");
end func;</lang>
- Output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen Next guess [1]: 1234 1 Bulls 0 Cows Next guess [2]: 1567 1 Bulls 2 Cows Next guess [3]: 1856 3 Bulls 0 Cows Next guess [4]: 1956 Congratulations you guessed correctly in 4 attempts
SenseTalk
<lang sensetalk>repeat forever repeat forever put random(1111,9999) into num if character 1 of num is not equal to character 2 of num if character 1 of num is not equal to character 3 of num if character 1 of num is not equal to character 4 of num if character 2 of num is not equal to character 3 of num if character 2 of num is not equal to character 4 of num if character 3 of num is not equal to character 4 of num if num does not contain 0 exit repeat end if end if end if end if end if end if end if end repeat set description to "Guess the 4 digit number" & newline & "- zero's excluded" & newline & "- each digit is unique" & newline & newline & "Receive 1 Bull for each digit that equals the corresponding digit in the random number." & newline & newline & "Receive 1 Cow for each digit that appears in the wrong position." & newline repeat forever repeat forever Ask "Guess the number" title "Bulls & Cows" message description put it into guess if number of characters in guess is equal to 4 exit repeat else if guess is "" Answer "" with "Play" or "Quit" title "Quit Bulls & Cows?" put it into myAnswer if myAnswer is "Quit" exit all end if end if end repeat set score to { bulls: { qty: 0, values: [] }, cows: { qty: 0, values: [] } } repeat the number of characters in num times if character the counter of guess is equal to character the counter of num add 1 to score.bulls.qty insert character the counter of guess into score.bulls.values else if num contains character the counter of guess if character the counter of guess is not equal to character the counter of num if score.bulls.values does not contain character the counter of guess and score.cows.values does not contain character the counter of guess add 1 to score.cows.qty insert character the counter of guess into score.cows.values end if end if end if end if end repeat set showScores to "Your score is:" & newline & newline & "Bulls:" && score.bulls.qty & newline & newline & "Cows:" && score.cows.qty if guess is not equal to num Answer showScores with "Guess Again" or "Quit" title "Score" put it into myAnswer if myAnswer is "Quit" exit all end if else set winShowScores to showScores & newline & newline & "Your Guess:" && guess & newline & "Random Number:" && num & newline Answer winShowScores with "Play Again" or "Quit" title "You Win!" put it into myAnswer if myAnswer is "Quit" exit all end if exit repeat end if end repeat end repeat</lang>
Shale
<lang Shale>#!/usr/local/bin/shale
maths library file library string library
n0 var n1 var n2 var n3 var g0 var g1 var g2 var g3 var
init dup var {
c guess:: var
} =
getNum dup var {
random maths::() 15 >> 9 % 1 +
} =
game dup var {
haveWon dup var false = ans var i var c var b var
c guess:: 0 =
n0 getNum() =
n1 getNum() =
{ n1 n0 == } {
n1 getNum() =
} while
n2 getNum() =
{ n2 n0 == n2 n1 == or } {
n2 getNum() =
} while
n3 getNum() =
{ n3 n0 == n3 n1 == n3 n2 == or or } {
n3 getNum() =
} while
"New game" println
{ haveWon not } {
"> " print
stdin file:: fgets file::() {
ans swap atoi string::() =
g3 ans 10 % =
g2 ans 10 / 10 % =
g1 ans 100 / 10 % =
g0 ans 1000 / 10 % =
g0 0 > g0 10 < and g1 0 > g1 10 < and g2 0 > g2 10 < and g3 0 > g3 10 < and and and and {
c 0 =
b 0 =
g0 n0 == {
b++
} {
g0 n1 == g0 n2 == g0 n3 == or or { c++ } ifthen
} if
g1 n1 == {
b++
} {
g1 n0 == g1 n2 == g1 n3 == or or { c++ } ifthen
} if
g2 n2 == {
b++
} {
g2 n0 == g2 n1 == g2 n3 == or or { c++ } ifthen
} if
g3 n3 == {
b++
} {
g3 n0 == g3 n1 == g3 n2 == or or { c++ } ifthen
} if
i c guess:: =
i.value guess:: guess:: defined not {
i.value guess:: guess:: var
i.value cow:: guess:: var
i.value bull:: guess:: var
} ifthen
i.value guess:: guess:: ans =
i.value cow:: guess:: c =
i.value bull:: guess:: b =
c guess::++
"Go Guess Cows Bulls" println
i 0 =
{ i c guess:: < } {
i.value bull:: guess:: i.value cow:: guess:: i.value guess:: guess:: i 1 + "%2d %d %4d %5d\n" printf
i++
} while
b 4 == { haveWon true = } ifthen
} {
"Illegal input" println
} if
} {
0 exit
} if
} while
} =
play dup var {
{ true } {
game()
} while
} =
init() play()</lang>
- Output:
New game > 1234 Go Guess Cows Bulls 1 1234 2 0 > 2345 Go Guess Cows Bulls 1 1234 2 0 2 2345 2 0 > 3456 Go Guess Cows Bulls 1 1234 2 0 2 2345 2 0 3 3456 0 2 > 4567 Go Guess Cows Bulls 1 1234 2 0 2 2345 2 0 3 3456 0 2 4 4567 1 0 > 5678 Go Guess Cows Bulls 1 1234 2 0 2 2345 2 0 3 3456 0 2 4 4567 1 0 5 5678 1 1 > 6789 Go Guess Cows Bulls 1 1234 2 0 2 2345 2 0 3 3456 0 2 4 4567 1 0 5 5678 1 1 6 6789 1 0 > 3158 Go Guess Cows Bulls 1 1234 2 0 2 2345 2 0 3 3456 0 2 4 4567 1 0 5 5678 1 1 6 6789 1 0 7 3158 0 4 New game >
Sidef
<lang ruby>var size = 4 var num = @(1..9).shuffle.first(size)
for (var guesses = 1; true; guesses++) {
var bulls = 0 var cows = 0
var input =
read("Input: ", String).chars \
.uniq \
.grep(/^[1-9]$/) \
.map{.to_n}
if (input.len != size) {
warn "Invalid input!\n"
guesses--
next
}
if (input == num) {
printf("You did it in %d attempts!\n", guesses)
break
}
for i (^num) {
if (num[i] == input[i]) {
bulls++
}
elsif (num.contains(input[i])) {
cows++
}
}
"Bulls: %d; Cows: %d\n".printf(bulls, cows)
}</lang>
- Output:
Input: 2953 Bulls: 1; Cows: 1 Input: 9654 Bulls: 1; Cows: 1 Input: 8924 Bulls: 1; Cows: 3 Input: 2894 You did it in 4 attempts!
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>Object subclass: BullsCows [
|number|
BullsCows class >> new: secretNum [ |i|
i := self basicNew.
(self isValid: secretNum)
ifFalse: [ SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument
signalOn: secretNum
reason: 'You need 4 unique digits from 1 to 9' ].
i setNumber: secretNum.
^ i
]
BullsCows class >> new [ |b| b := Set new.
[ b size < 4 ]
whileTrue: [ b add: ((Random between: 1 and: 9) displayString first) ].
^ self new: (b asString)
]
BullsCows class >> isValid: num [
^ (num asSet size = 4) & ((num asSet includes: $0) not)
]
setNumber: num [ number := num ]
check: guess [ |bc| bc := Bag new.
1 to: 4 do: [ :i |
(number at: i) = (guess at: i)
ifTrue: [ bc add: 'bulls' ]
ifFalse: [
(number includes: (guess at: i))
ifTrue: [ bc add: 'cows' ]
]
].
^ bc
]
].
'Guess the 4-digits number (digits from 1 to 9, no repetition)' displayNl.
|guessMe d r tries| [
tries := 0.
guessMe := BullsCows new.
[
[
'Write 4 digits: ' display.
d := stdin nextLine.
(BullsCows isValid: d)
] whileFalse: [
'Insert 4 digits, no repetition, exclude the digit 0' displayNl
].
r := guessMe check: d.
tries := tries + 1.
(r occurrencesOf: 'bulls') = 4
] whileFalse: [
('%1 cows, %2 bulls' % { r occurrencesOf: 'cows'. r occurrencesOf: 'bulls' })
displayNl.
].
('Good, you guessed it in %1 tries!' % { tries }) displayNl.
'Do you want to play again? [y/n]' display.
( (stdin nextLine) = 'y' )
] whileTrue: [ Character nl displayNl ].</lang>
Smart BASIC
<lang smart BASIC> 'by rbytes, January 2017 OPTION BASE 1 P(" B U L L S A N D C O W S")!l P("A secret 4-digit number has been created, with") P("no repeats and no zeros. You must guess the number.") P("After each guess, you will be shown how many of your") P("digits are correct and in the matching location (bulls),") P("and how many are correct but in a different location (cows).") p("See how many tries it takes you to get the right answer.") ' generate a 4-digit number with no repeats guesses = 0 1 WHILE LEN(sec$) <4
c$ =CHR$( INTEG(RND(1) *9) +49) IF INSTR(sec$, c$)=-1 THEN sec$&=c$
ENDWHILE!l 2 PRINT "Your guess: " INPUT "FOUR DIGITS": guess$!l IF guess$="" THEN ' check if entry is null
P("Please enter something!")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF P(guess$)!l IF LEN(guess$)<>4 THEN ' check if entry is exactly 4 characters
P("Please enter exactly 4 digits.")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF FOR t=1 TO 4 ' check if all characters are digits 1 - 9
IF INSTR("123456789",MID$(guess$,t,1))=-1 THEN
P("You have entered at least one illegal character")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
NEXT t rep = check(guess$) ' check if any digits are repeated IF check.chk THEN
P("Please enter a number with no repeated digits.")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
guesses+=1 r$=score$(guess$,sec$) P(r$)!l
IF guess$=sec$ THEN
P("W I N N E R ! ! !")!l
IF guesses>1 THEN gs$="guesses!" ELSE gs$="guess!"
P("You won after "&guesses&" "&gs$)
P("Thanks for playing!")!l
PAUSE 2
P("A G A I N with a new secret number")!l
guesses=0
END IF GOTO 1 END ' _____________________________________________________________
DEF P(p$) ' function to print a string
PRINT p$
END DEF
DEF L() ' function to print an empty line
END DEF
DEF check(i$) ' check=0 if digit is not repeated, else=1
chk=0
FOR i =1 TO 3
FOR j =i +1 TO 4
IF MID$( i$, i, 1)=MID$( i$, j, 1) THEN chk =1
NEXT j
NEXT i
END DEF
DEF score$(a$,b$) ' calculate the numbers of bulls & cows.
bulls=0!cows=0
FOR i = 1 TO 4
c$ = MID$( a$, i, 1)
IF MID$( b$, i, 1)=c$ THEN
bulls+=1
ELSE
IF INSTR( b$, c$) <>-1 AND INSTR( b$, c$) <>i THEN
cows+=1
END IF
END IF
NEXT i
r$ ="Bulls: "&STR$( bulls)& ", "& "Cows: " &STR$( cows)
RETURN r$
END DEF END </lang>
Swift
<lang swift>import Foundation
func generateRandomNumArray(numDigits: Int = 4) -> [Int] {
guard numDigits > 0 else {
return []
}
let needed = min(9, numDigits) var nums = Set<Int>()
repeat {
nums.insert(.random(in: 1...9))
} while nums.count != needed
return Array(nums)
}
func parseGuess(_ guess: String) -> [Int]? {
guard guess.count == 4 else {
return nil
}
let guessArray = guess.map(String.init).map(Int.init).compactMap({ $0 })
guard Set(guessArray).count == 4 else {
return nil
}
return guessArray
}
while true {
let num = generateRandomNumArray() var bulls = 0 var cows = 0
print("Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions: ")
guard let guessStr = readLine(strippingNewline: true), let guess = parseGuess(guessStr) else {
print("Invalid input")
continue
}
for (guess, actual) in zip(guess, num) {
if guess == actual {
bulls += 1
} else if num.contains(guess) {
cows += 1
}
}
print("Actual number: \(num.map(String.init).joined())")
print("Your score: \(bulls) bulls and \(cows) cows\n")
print("Would you like to play again? (y): ")
guard readLine(strippingNewline: true)!.lowercased() == "y" else {
exit(0)
}
}</lang>
- Output:
Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions: 8496 Actual number: 6475 Your score: 1 bulls and 1 cows Would you like to play again? (y): y Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions: 5983 Actual number: 7846 Your score: 0 bulls and 1 cows
Tcl
<lang tcl>proc main {} {
fconfigure stdout -buffering none set length 4 puts "I have chosen a number from $length unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a $length digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
"
while true {
set word [generateWord $length]
set count 1
while {[set guess [getGuess $length]] ne $word} {
printScore $length $word $guess
incr count
}
puts "You guessed correctly in $count tries."
if {[yn "Play again?"] eq "n"} break
}
}
proc generateWord {length} {
set chars 123456789
for {set i 1} {$i <= $length} {incr i} {
set idx [expr {int(rand() * [string length $chars])}]
append word [string index $chars $idx]
set chars [string replace $chars $idx $idx]
}
return $word
# here's another way to generate word with no duplications
set word ""
while {[string length $word] < $length} {
set char [expr {int(1 + 9*rand())}]
if {[string first $char $word] == -1} {
append word $char
}
}
}
proc getGuess {length} {
puts -nonewline "Enter your guess: "
while true {
gets stdin guess
if {[string match [string repeat {[1-9]} $length] $guess]} {
return $guess
}
if {[string tolower [string trim $guess]] eq "quit"} {
puts Bye
exit
}
puts "The word must be $length digits between 1 and 9 inclusive. Try again."
}
}
proc printScore {length word guess} {
set bulls 0
set cows 0
for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} {
if {[string index $word $i] eq [string index $guess $i]} {
incr bulls
set word [string replace $word $i $i +]
}
}
puts " $bulls bulls"
for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} {
if {[set j [string first [string index $guess $i] $word]] != -1} {
incr cows
set word [string replace $word $j $j -]
}
}
puts " $cows cows"
}
proc yn {msg} {
while true {
puts -nonewline "$msg \[y/n] "
gets stdin ans
set char [string tolower [string index [string trim $ans] 0]]
if {$char eq "y" || $char eq "n"} {
return $char
}
}
}
main</lang>
Transd
<lang scheme>
- lang transd
MainModule: {
contains-duplicates: (λ s String() -> Bool()
(with str String(s) (sort str)
(ret (neq (find-adjacent str) (end str))))
),
play: (λ
syms "0123456789" len 4 thenum String() guess String()
(shuffle syms)
(= thenum (substr syms 0 len))
(textout "Your guess: ")
(while (getline guess)
(if (eq guess "q") break)
(if (or (neq (size guess) len)
(neq (find-first-not-of guess syms) -1)
(contains-duplicates guess))
(lout guess " is not valid guess")
(textout "Your guess: ")
continue
)
(with bulls 0 cows 0 pl 0
(for i in Range(len) do
(= pl (find thenum (subn guess i)))
(if (eq pl i) (+= bulls 1)
elsif (neq pl -1) (+= cows 1))
)
(lout "bulls: " bulls ", cows: " cows)
(if (eq bulls len)
(lout "Congratulations! You have found out the number!")
(ret null)
else (textout "Your guess: "))
)
)
(lout "You quit the game.")
),
_start: (λ s String()
(lout "Welcome to \"Bulls and cows\"!")
(while true
(while true
(textout "Do you want to play? (yes|no) : ")
(textin s 3)
(if (not (size s))
(lout "Didn't receive an answer. Exiting.") (exit)
elsif (== (sub (tolower s) 0 1) "n") (lout "Bye!")(exit)
elsif (== (sub (tolower s) 0 1) "y") break
else (lout "(Hint: \"yes\" or \"no\".)"))
)
(play)
(lout "Another game?")
)
) } </lang>
TUSCRIPT
<lang tuscript> $$ MODE tuscript SET nr1=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1) LOOP
SET nr2=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1) IF (nr2!=nr1) EXIT
ENDLOOP LOOP
SET nr3=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1) IF (nr3!=nr1,nr2) EXIT
ENDLOOP LOOP
SET nr4=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1) IF (nr4!=nr1,nr2,nr3) EXIT
ENDLOOP SET nr=JOIN(nr1,"'",nr2,nr3,nr4), limit=10 LOOP r=1,limit SET bulls=cows=0 ASK "round {r} insert a number":guessnr="" SET length=LENGTH(guessnr), checknr=STRINGS (guessnr,":>/:")
LOOP n=nr,y=checknr
IF (length!=4) THEN
PRINT "4-letter digit required"
EXIT
ELSEIF (n==y) THEN
SET bulls=bulls+1
ELSEIF (nr.ct.":{y}:") THEN
SET cows=cows+1
ENDIF
ENDLOOP
PRINT "bulls=",bulls," cows=",cows
IF (bulls==4) THEN PRINT "BINGO" EXIT ELSEIF (r==limit) THEN PRINT "BETTER NEXT TIME" EXIT ENDIF
ENDLOOP </lang> Output:
round 1 insert a number >1234 bulls=1 cows=1 round 2 insert a number >5678 bulls=1 cows=1 round 3 insert a number >1298 bulls=2 cows=0 round 4 insert a number >2379 bulls=0 cows=0 round 5 insert a number >1468 bulls=4 cows=0 BINGO
uBasic/4tH
<lang>Local(2) ' Let's use no globals
Proc _Initialize ' Get our secret number
Do ' Repeat until it's guessed
Do Input "Enter your guess: ";a@ ' Enter your guess While FUNC(_Invalid(a@)) ' but make sure it's a valid guess Loop
a@ = FUNC(_Bulls) ' Count the number of bulls
b@ = FUNC(_Cows) ' Count the number of cows
' Now give some feedback
Print : Print "\tThere were ";a@;" bulls and ";b@;" cows." : Print
Until a@ = 4 ' Until the secret is guessed
Loop
Print "You win!" ' Yes, you guessed it
End
_Initialize ' Make a secret
Local (1)
Do a@ = 1234 + RND(8643) ' Get a valid number While FUNC(_Invalid(a@)) ' and accept it unless invalid Loop
For a@ = 0 to 3 ' Now save it at the proper place @(a@+4) = @(a@) Next
Return
_Invalid Param(1) ' Check whether a number is valid
Local(2)
' Ok, these can't be right at all
If (a@ < 1234) + (a@ > 9876) Then Return (1)
' Now break 'em up in different digits
For b@ = 3 To 0 Step -1
@(b@) = a@ % 10 ' A digit of zero can't be right
If @(b@) = 0 Then Unloop : Return (1)
a@ = a@ / 10
Next
For b@ = 0 To 2 ' Now compare all digits
For c@ = b@ + 1 To 3 ' The others were already compared
If @(b@) = @(c@) Then Unloop : Unloop : Return (1)
Next ' Wrong, we found similar digits
Next
Return (0) ' All digits are different
_Bulls ' Count the number of valid guesses
Local (2)
b@ = 0 ' Start with zero
For a@ = 0 to 3 ' Increment with each valid guess If @(a@) = @(a@+4) Then b@ = b@ + 1 Next
Return (b@) ' Return number of valid guesses
_Cows
Local (3) ' Count the number of proper digits
c@ = 0 ' Start with zero
For a@ = 0 To 3 ' All the players guesses
For b@ = 4 To 7 ' All the computers secrets
If (a@+4) = b@ Then Continue ' Skip the bulls
If @(a@) = @(b@) Then c@ = c@ + 1
Next ' Increment with valid digits
Next
Return (c@) ' Return number of valid digits</lang> The addition of strings allow for much simpler code. <lang>Do
s = 1234 + RND(8643) Until FUNC(_Check(Str(s)))
Next
s = Str(s)
Do
Do
g = Ask("Enter your guess: ")
If (Val(g) = Info("nil")) + (Len(g) # 4) Then Continue
Until FUNC(_Check(g))
Loop
b = 0 : c = 0
For i = 0 To 3
For j = 0 to 3
If Peek(s, i) = Peek(g, j) Then
If i = j Then
b = b + 1
Else
c = c + 1
EndIf
EndIf
Next
Next
Print "You scored ";b;" bulls and ";c; " cows.\n"
Until b = 4
Loop End
_Check
Param (1) Local (2)
b@ = 0
For c@ = 0 To 3
If Peek(a@, c@) = Ord ("0") Then Unloop : Return (0)
If And(b@, 2^(Peek(a@, c@) - Ord ("0"))) Then Unloop : Return (0)
b@ = b@ + 2^(Peek(a@, c@) - Ord ("0"))
Next
Return (1)</lang>
UNIX Shell
<lang bash>#!/bin/bash
rand() {
local min=${1:-0}
local max=${2:-32767}
[ ${min} -gt ${max} ] &&
min=$(( min ^ max )) &&
max=$(( min ^ max )) &&
min=$(( min ^ max ))
echo -n $(( ( $RANDOM % $max ) + $min ))
}
in_arr() {
local quandry="${1}"
shift
local arr=( $@ )
local i=
for i in ${arr[*]}
do
[ "${quandry}" == "${i}" ] && return 0 && break
done
return 1
}
delete_at() {
local idx="$(( $1 + 1 ))" shift local arr=( "sentinel" $@ )
echo -n "${arr[@]:1:$(( idx - 1 ))} ${arr[@]:$((idx + 1)):$(( ${#arr[@]} - idx - 1))}"
}
delete_first() {
local meanie="${1}"
shift
local arr=( $@ )
local i=0
for (( i = 0; i < ${#arr[@]} ; i++ ))
do
[ "${arr[${i}]}" == "${meanie}" ] && arr=( $( delete_at ${i} ${arr[*]} ) )
done
echo -n "${arr[*]}"
}
to_arr() {
local string="${1}"
local arr=()
while [ "${#string}" -gt 0 ]
do
arr=( ${arr[*]} ${string:0:1} )
string="${string:1}"
done
echo -n "${arr[*]}"
}
choose_idx() {
local arr=( $@ )
echo -n "$( rand 0 $(( ${#arr[@]} - 1 )) )"
}
locate_bulls() {
local secret=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local guess=( $( to_arr "${2}" ) )
local hits=()
local i=0
for (( i=0; i<4; i++ ))
do
[ "${secret[${i}]}" -eq "${guess[${i}]}" ] && hits=( ${hits[*]} ${i} )
done
echo -n "${hits[*]}"
}
bulls() {
local secret="${1}"
local guess="${2}"
local bulls=( $( locate_bulls "${secret}" "${guess}" ) )
echo -n "${#bulls[@]}"
}
cows() {
local secret=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local guess=( $( to_arr "${2}" ) )
local bulls=( $( locate_bulls "${1}" "${2}" ) )
local hits=0
local i=
# Avoid double-counting bulls
for i in ${bulls[*]}
do
secret=( $( delete_at ${i} ${secret[*]} ) )
done
# Process the guess against what's left of the secret
for i in ${guess[*]}
do
in_arr "${i}" ${secret[*]} &&
secret=( $( delete_first "${i}" ${secret[*]} ) ) &&
(( hits++ ))
done
echo -n ${hits}
}
malformed() {
local guess=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local i=
[ ${#guess[@]} -ne 4 ] &&
return 0
for i in ${guess[*]}
do
if ! in_arr ${i} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
then
return 0
break
fi
done
return 1
}
candidates=( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ) secret=
while [ "${#secret}" -lt 4 ] do
cidx=$( choose_idx ${candidates[*]} )
secret="${secret}${candidates[${cidx}]}"
candidates=( $(delete_at ${cidx} ${candidates[*]} ) )
done
while read -p "Enter a four-digit guess: " guess do
malformed "${guess}" && echo "Malformed guess" && continue
[ "${guess}" == "${secret}" ] && echo "You win!" && exit
echo "Score: $( bulls "${secret}" "${guess}" ) Bulls, $( cows "${secret}" "${guess}" ) Cows"
done</lang>
VBA
<lang vb> Option Explicit
Sub Main_Bulls_and_cows() Dim strNumber As String, strInput As String, strMsg As String, strTemp As String Dim boolEnd As Boolean Dim lngCpt As Long Dim i As Byte, bytCow As Byte, bytBull As Byte Const NUMBER_OF_DIGITS As Byte = 4 Const MAX_LOOPS As Byte = 25 'the max of lines supported by MsgBox
strNumber = Create_Number(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS)
Do
bytBull = 0: bytCow = 0: lngCpt = lngCpt + 1
If lngCpt > MAX_LOOPS Then strMsg = "Max of loops... Sorry you loose!": Exit Do
strInput = AskToUser(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS)
If strInput = "Exit Game" Then strMsg = "User abort": Exit Do
For i = 1 To Len(strNumber)
If Mid(strNumber, i, 1) = Mid(strInput, i, 1) Then
bytBull = bytBull + 1
ElseIf InStr(strNumber, Mid(strInput, i, 1)) > 0 Then
bytCow = bytCow + 1
End If
Next i
If bytBull = Len(strNumber) Then
boolEnd = True: strMsg = "You win in " & lngCpt & " loops!"
Else
strTemp = strTemp & vbCrLf & "With : " & strInput & " ,you have : " & bytBull & " bulls," & bytCow & " cows."
MsgBox strTemp
End If
Loop While Not boolEnd
MsgBox strMsg
End Sub
Function Create_Number(NbDigits As Byte) As String Dim myColl As New Collection Dim strTemp As String Dim bytAlea As Byte
Randomize
Do
bytAlea = Int((Rnd * 9) + 1)
On Error Resume Next
myColl.Add CStr(bytAlea), CStr(bytAlea)
If Err <> 0 Then
On Error GoTo 0
Else
strTemp = strTemp & CStr(bytAlea)
End If
Loop While Len(strTemp) < NbDigits
Create_Number = strTemp
End Function
Function AskToUser(NbDigits As Byte) As String Dim boolGood As Boolean, strIn As String, i As Byte, NbDiff As Byte
Do While Not boolGood
strIn = InputBox("Enter your number (" & NbDigits & " digits)", "Number")
If StrPtr(strIn) = 0 Then strIn = "Exit Game": Exit Do
If strIn <> "" Then
If Len(strIn) = NbDigits Then
NbDiff = 0
For i = 1 To Len(strIn)
If Len(Replace(strIn, Mid(strIn, i, 1), "")) < NbDigits - 1 Then
NbDiff = 1
Exit For
End If
Next i
If NbDiff = 0 Then boolGood = True
End If
End If
Loop
AskToUser = strIn
End Function </lang>
VBScript
VBS functions return variants. I use t to return a single error value or a pair bulls, cows on result
VBS does'nt have a continue so i used the classic do loop inside do loop in the main program
<lang vb>
randomize timer
fail=array("Wrong number of chars","Only figures 0 to 9 allowed","Two or more figures are the same")
p=dopuzzle()
wscript.echo "Bulls and Cows. Guess my 4 figure number!"
do
do wscript.stdout.write vbcrlf & "your move ": s=trim(wscript.stdin.readline) c=checkinput(s) if not isarray (c) then wscript.stdout.write fail(c) :exit do bu=c(0) wscript.stdout.write "bulls: " & c(0) & " | cows: " & c(1) loop while 0
loop until bu=4 wscript.stdout.write vbcrlf & "You won! "
function dopuzzle()
dim b(10)
for i=1 to 4
do
r=fix(rnd*10)
loop until b(r)=0
b(r)=1:dopuzzle=dopuzzle+chr(r+48)
next
end function
function checkinput(s)
dim c(10)
bu=0:co=0
if len(s)<>4 then checkinput=0:exit function
for i=1 to 4
b=mid(s,i,1)
if instr("0123456789",b)=0 then checkinput=1 :exit function
if c(asc(b)-48)<>0 then checkinput=2 :exit function
c(asc(b)-48)=1
for j=1 to 4
if asc(b)=asc(mid(p,j,1)) then
if i=j then bu=bu+1 else co=co+1
end if
next
next
checkinput=array(bu,co)
end function </lang>
Vedit macro language
<lang vedit>Buf_Switch(Buf_Free)
- 90 = Time_Tick // seed for random number generator
- 91 = 10 // random numbers in range 0 to 9
while (EOB_pos < 4) { // 4 digits needed
Call("RANDOM")
BOF Ins_Char(Return_Value + '0')
Replace("(.)(.*)\1", "\1\2", REGEXP+BEGIN+NOERR) // remove any duplicate
}
- 3 = 0
repeat (99) {
Get_Input(10, "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ", NOCR)
if (Reg_Size(10) == 0) { Break } // empty string = exit
Num_Eval_Reg(10) // check for numeric digits
if (Chars_Matched != 4) {
M("You should enter 4 numeric digits\n")
Continue
}
Goto_Pos(4) // count bulls
Reg_Ins(10, OVERWRITE)
#1 = Search("(.)...\1", REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR)
RS(10, "[", INSERT) // count cows RS(10, "]", APPEND) #2 = Search_Block(@10, 0, 4, REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR) - #1
#3++
NT(#1, NOCR) M(" bulls,") NT(#2, NOCR) M(" cows\n")
if (#1 == 4) {
M("You won after") NT(#3, NOCR) M(" guesses!\n")
Break
}
} Buf_Quit(OK) Return
//-------------------------------------------------------------- // Generate random numbers in range 0 <= Return_Value < #91 // #90 = Seed (0 to 0x7fffffff) // #91 = Scaling (0 to 0x10000)
- RANDOM:
- 92 = 0x7fffffff / 48271
- 93 = 0x7fffffff % 48271
- 90 = (48271 * (#90 % #92) - #93 * (#90 / #92)) & 0x7fffffff
Return ((#90 & 0xffff) * #91 / 0x10000)</lang>
Visual Basic .NET
<lang vbnet>Imports System Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions
Module Bulls_and_Cows
Function CreateNumber() As String
Dim random As New Random()
Dim sequence As Char() = {"1"c, "2"c, "3"c, "4"c, "5"c, "6"c, "7"c, "8"c, "9"c}
For i As Integer = 0 To sequence.Length - 1
Dim j As Integer = random.Next(sequence.Length)
Dim temp As Char = sequence(i) : sequence(i) = sequence(j) : sequence(j) = temp
Next
Return New String(sequence, 0, 4) End Function
Function IsFourDigitNumber(ByVal number As String) As Boolean
Return Regex.IsMatch(number, "^[1-9]{4}$")
End Function
Sub Main()
Dim chosenNumber As String = CreateNumber()
Dim attempt As Integer = 0
Console.WriteLine("Number is chosen")
Dim gameOver As Boolean = False
Do
attempt += 1
Console.WriteLine("Attempt #{0}. Enter four digit number: ", attempt)
Dim number As String = Console.ReadLine()
Do While Not IsFourDigitNumber(number)
Console.WriteLine("Invalid number: type four characters. Every character must digit be between '1' and '9'.")
number = Console.ReadLine()
Loop
Dim bulls As Integer = 0
Dim cows As Integer = 0
For i As Integer = 0 To number.Length - 1
Dim j As Integer = chosenNumber.IndexOf(number(i))
If i = j Then
bulls += 1
ElseIf j >= 0 Then
cows += 1
End If
Next
If bulls < chosenNumber.Length Then
Console.WriteLine("The number '{0}' has {1} bulls and {2} cows", _
number, bulls, cows)
Else
gameOver = True
End If
Loop Until gameOver
Console.WriteLine("The number was guessed in {0} attempts. Congratulations!", attempt)
End Sub
End Module</lang>
Wren
<lang ecmascript>import "random" for Random import "/set" for Set import "/ioutil" for Input
var MAX_GUESSES = 20 // say var r = Random.new() var num // generate a 4 digit random number from 1234 to 9876 with no zeros or repeated digits while (true) {
num = (1234 + r.int(8643)).toString
if (!num.contains("0") && Set.new(num).count == 4) break
}
System.print("All guesses should have exactly 4 distinct digits excluding zero.") System.print("Keep guessing until you guess the chosen number (maximum %(MAX_GUESSES) valid guesses).\n") var guesses = 0 while (true) {
var guess = Input.text("Enter your guess : ")
if (guess == num) {
System.print("You've won with %(guesses+1) valid guesses!")
return
}
var n = Num.fromString(guess)
if (!n) {
System.print("Not a valid number")
} else if (guess.contains("-") || guess.contains("+")) {
System.print("Can't contain a sign")
} else if (guess.contains("0")) {
System.print("Can't contain zero")
} else if (guess.count != 4) {
System.print("Must have exactly 4 digits")
} else if (Set.new(guess).count < 4) {
System.print("All digits must be distinct")
} else {
var bulls = 0
var cows = 0
var i = 0
for (c in guess) {
if (num[i] == c) {
bulls = bulls + 1
} else if (num.contains(c)) {
cows = cows + 1
}
i = i + 1
}
System.print("Your score for this guess: Bulls = %(bulls) Cows = %(cows)")
guesses = guesses + 1
if (guesses == MAX_GUESSES) {
System.print("You've now had %(guesses) valid guesses, the maximum allowed")
return
}
}
}</lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
All guesses should have exactly 4 distinct digits excluding zero. Keep guessing until you guess the chosen number (maximum 20 valid guesses). Enter your guess : 1234 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1 Cows = 1 Enter your guess : 1567 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0 Cows = 1 Enter your guess : 8239 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2 Cows = 1 Enter your guess : 8294 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 8273 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 8275 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2 Cows = 1 Enter your guess : 8263 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 8213 Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0 Enter your guess : 8253 You've won with 9 valid guesses!
zkl
Play one game: <lang zkl>d:=Dictionary(); do{ d[(1).random(10)]=True }while(d.len()<4); abcd:=d.keys.shuffle(); while(1){
guess:=ask("4 digits: ")-" ,";
if(guess.len()!=4 or guess.unique().len()!=4) continue;
bulls:=abcd.zipWith('==,guess).sum(0);
cows:=guess.split("").enumerate()
.reduce('wrap(s,[(n,c)]){ s + (d.find(c,False) and abcd[n]!=c) },0);
if(bulls==4) { println("You got it!"); break; }
"%d bull%s and %d cow%s".fmt(bulls,s(bulls),cows,s(cows)).println();
} fcn s(n){ (n!=1) and "s" or "" }</lang>
- Output:
4 digits: 4,5,6,7 1 bull and 0 cows 4 digits: 1234 0 bulls and 2 cows 4 digits: 3528 You got it!