Test integerness
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Mathematically,
- the integers Z are included in the rational numbers Q,
- which are included in the real numbers R,
- which can be generalized to the complex numbers C.
This means that each of those larger sets, and the data types used to represent them, include some integers.
Given a rational, real, or complex number of any type, test whether it is mathematically an integer.
Your code should handle all numeric data types commonly used in your programming language.
Discuss any limitations of your code.
For the purposes of this task, integerness means that a number could theoretically be represented as an integer at no loss of precision (given an infinitely wide integer type).
In other words:
| Set | Common representation | C++ type | Considered an integer... |
|---|---|---|---|
| rational numbers Q | fraction | std::ratio
|
...if its denominator is 1 (in reduced form) |
| real numbers Z (approximated) |
fixed-point | ...if it has no non-zero digits after the decimal point | |
| floating-point | float, double
|
...if the number of significant decimal places of its mantissa isn't greater than its exponent | |
| complex numbers C | pair of real numbers | std::complex
|
...if its real part is considered an integer and its imaginary part is zero |
Optionally, make your code accept a tolerance parameter for fuzzy testing. The tolerance is the maximum amount by which the number may differ from the nearest integer, to still be considered an integer.
This is useful in practice, because when dealing with approximate numeric types (such as floating point), there may already be round-off errors from previous calculations. For example, a float value of 0.9999999998 might actually be intended to represent the integer 1.
| Input | Output | Comment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Value | exact | tolerance = 0.00001 | |
| decimal | 25.000000
|
true | ||
24.999999
|
false | true | ||
25.000100
|
false | |||
| floating-point | -2.1e120
|
true | This one is tricky, because in most languages it is too large to fit into a native integer type. It is, nonetheless, mathematically an integer, and your code should identify it as such. | |
-5e-2
|
false | |||
NaN
|
false | |||
Inf
|
false | This one is debatable. If your code considers it an integer, that's okay too. | ||
| complex | 5.0+0.0i
|
true | ||
5-5i
|
false | |||
(The types and notations shown in these tables are merely examples – you should use the native data types and number literals of your programming language and standard library. Use a different set of test-cases, if this one doesn't demonstrate all relevant behavior.)
11l
F isint(f)
R Complex(f).imag == 0 & fract(Complex(f).real) == 0
print([Complex(1.0), 2, (3.0 + 0.0i), 4.1, (3 + 4i), (5.6 + 0i)].map(f -> isint(f)))
print(isint(25.000000))
print(isint(24.999999))
print(isint(25.000100))
print(isint(-5e-2))
print(isint(Float.infinity))
print(isint(5.0 + 0.0i))
print(isint(5 - 5i))- Output:
[1B, 1B, 1B, 0B, 0B, 0B] 1B 0B 0B 0B 0B 1B 0B
ALGOL 68
Uses LONG LONG values which in Algol 68 have a programmer specifiable number of digits. As with the C version, we need only handle the complex case directly, as Algol 68 will automatically coerce integer and real values to complex as required.
# set the required precision of LONG LONG values using #
# "PR precision n PR" if required #
# PR precision 24 PR # # not requied for ALGOL 68 Genie #
# the default precision is > 24 #
# and can't be reduced to 24 #
# returns TRUE if v has an integer value, FALSE otherwise #
OP ISINT = ( LONG LONG COMPL v )BOOL:
IF im OF v /= 0 THEN
# v has an imaginarh part #
FALSE
ELSE
# v has a real part only #
ENTIER re OF v = v
FI; # ISINT #
# test ISINT #
PROC test is int = ( LONG LONG COMPLEX v )VOID:
BEGIN
print( ( float( re OF v, -36, 28, 4 ), "_", float( im OF v, -36, 28, 4 ) ) );
print( ( IF ISINT v THEN " is " ELSE " is not " FI, "integral", newline ) )
END # test is int # ;
test is int( 1 );
test is int( 1.00000001 );
test is int( 4 I 3 );
test is int( 4.0 I 0 );
test is int( 123456789012345678901234 )- Output:
1.0000000000000000000000000000e +0_ 0.0000000000000000000000000000e +0 is integral 1.0000000100000000000000000000e +0_ 0.0000000000000000000000000000e +0 is not integral 4.0000000000000000000000000000e +0_ 3.0000000000000000000000000000e +0 is not integral 4.0000000000000000000000000000e +0_ 0.0000000000000000000000000000e +0 is integral 1.2345678901234567890123400000e +23_ 0.0000000000000000000000000000e +0 is integral
AWK
# syntax: GAWK -f TEST_INTEGERNESS.AWK
BEGIN {
n = split("25.000000,24.999999,25.000100,-2.1e120,-5e-2,NaN,Inf,-0.05",arr,",")
for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
s = arr[i]
x = (s == int(s)) ? 1 : 0
printf("%d %s\n",x,s)
}
exit(0)
}
- Output:
1 25.000000 0 24.999999 0 25.000100 1 -2.1e120 0 -5e-2 0 NaN 0 Inf 0 -0.05
BQN
IsInt ← ⊢(0=|˜)⍟⊢1=•Type
IsInt¨⊸≍˘ ⟨+, 0, ∞, ⊘, ¯∞, 'q', ¯42, ∞-∞, "BQN", 1e¯300, 9e15, π⟩
- Output:
┌─
╵ 0 +
1 0
0 ∞
0 ⊘
0 ¯∞
0 'q'
1 ¯42
0 NaN
0 "BQN"
0 1e¯300
1 9000000000000000
0 3.141592653589793
┘
C
The main function that checks a numeric value is actually quite short. Because of C's weak types and implicit casting we can get away with making a function which checks long double complex types only.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <complex.h>
#include <math.h>
/* Testing macros */
#define FMTSPEC(arg) _Generic((arg), \
float: "%f", double: "%f", \
long double: "%Lf", unsigned int: "%u", \
unsigned long: "%lu", unsigned long long: "%llu", \
int: "%d", long: "%ld", long long: "%lld", \
default: "(invalid type (%p)")
#define CMPPARTS(x, y) ((long double complex)((long double)(x) + \
I * (long double)(y)))
#define TEST_CMPL(i, j)\
printf(FMTSPEC(i), i), printf(" + "), printf(FMTSPEC(j), j), \
printf("i = %s\n", (isint(CMPPARTS(i, j)) ? "true" : "false"))
#define TEST_REAL(i)\
printf(FMTSPEC(i), i), printf(" = %s\n", (isint(i) ? "true" : "false"))
/* Main code */
static inline int isint(long double complex n)
{
return cimagl(n) == 0 && nearbyintl(creall(n)) == creall(n);
}
int main(void)
{
TEST_REAL(0);
TEST_REAL(-0);
TEST_REAL(-2);
TEST_REAL(-2.00000000000001);
TEST_REAL(5);
TEST_REAL(7.3333333333333);
TEST_REAL(3.141592653589);
TEST_REAL(-9.223372036854776e18);
TEST_REAL(5e-324);
TEST_REAL(NAN);
TEST_CMPL(6, 0);
TEST_CMPL(0, 1);
TEST_CMPL(0, 0);
TEST_CMPL(3.4, 0);
/* Demonstrating that we can use the same function for complex values
* constructed in the standard way */
double complex test1 = 5 + 0*I,
test2 = 3.4f,
test3 = 3,
test4 = 0 + 1.2*I;
printf("Test 1 (5+i) = %s\n", isint(test1) ? "true" : "false");
printf("Test 2 (3.4+0i) = %s\n", isint(test2) ? "true" : "false");
printf("Test 3 (3+0i) = %s\n", isint(test3) ? "true" : "false");
printf("Test 4 (0+1.2i) = %s\n", isint(test4) ? "true" : "false");
}
- Output:
Note: Some of the printed results are truncated and look incorrect. See the actual code if you wish to verify the actual value.
0 = true 0 = true -2 = true -2.000000 = false 5 = true 7.333333 = false 3.141593 = false -9223372036854775808.000000 = true 0.000000 = false nan = false 6 + 0i = true 0 + 1i = false 0 + 0i = true 3.400000 + 0i = false Test 1 (5+i) = true Test 2 (3.4+0i) = false Test 3 (3+0i) = true Test 4 (0+1.2i) = false
C#
Length and precision of entered numbers in this solution, are limited by the limitations of variables type of Double.
namespace Test_integerness
{
class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Clear();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" ***************************************************");
Console.WriteLine(" * *");
Console.WriteLine(" * Integerness test *");
Console.WriteLine(" * *");
Console.WriteLine(" ***************************************************");
Console.WriteLine();
ConsoleKeyInfo key = new ConsoleKeyInfo('Y',ConsoleKey.Y,true,true,true);
while(key.Key == ConsoleKey.Y)
{
// Get number value from keyboard
Console.Write(" Enter number value : ");
string LINE = Console.ReadLine();
// Get tolerance value from keyboard
Console.Write(" Enter tolerance value : ");
double TOLERANCE = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
// Resolve entered number format and set NUMBER value
double NUMBER = 0;
string [] N;
// Real number value
if(!double.TryParse(LINE, out NUMBER))
{
// Rational number value
if(LINE.Contains("/"))
{
N = LINE.Split('/');
NUMBER = double.Parse(N[0]) / double.Parse(N[1]);
}
// Inf value
else if(LINE.ToUpper().Contains("INF"))
{
NUMBER = double.PositiveInfinity;
}
// Complex value
else if(LINE.ToUpper().Contains("I"))
{
// Delete letter i
LINE = LINE.ToUpper().Replace("I","");
string r = string.Empty; // real part
string i = string.Empty; // imaginary part
int s = 1; // sign offset
// Get sign
if(LINE[0]=='+' || LINE[0]=='-')
{
r+=LINE[0].ToString();
LINE = LINE.Remove(0,1);
s--;
}
// Get real part
foreach (char element in LINE)
{
if(element!='+' && element!='-')
r+=element.ToString();
else
break;
}
// get imaginary part
i = LINE.Substring(LINE.Length-(r.Length+s));
NUMBER = double.Parse(i);
if(NUMBER==0)
NUMBER = double.Parse(r);
else
NUMBER = double.NaN;
}
// NaN value
else
NUMBER = double.NaN;
}
// Test
bool IS_INTEGER = false;
bool IS_INTEGER_T = false;
if(double.IsNaN(NUMBER))
IS_INTEGER=false;
else if(Math.Round(NUMBER,0).ToString() == NUMBER.ToString())
IS_INTEGER = true;
else if((decimal)TOLERANCE >= (decimal)Math.Abs( (decimal)Math.Round(NUMBER,0) - (decimal)NUMBER ))
IS_INTEGER_T = true;
if(IS_INTEGER)
Console.WriteLine(" Is exact integer " + IS_INTEGER);
else
{
Console.WriteLine( " Is exact integer " + IS_INTEGER );
Console.WriteLine( " Is integer with tolerance " + IS_INTEGER_T );
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" Another test < Y /N > . . . ");
key = Console.ReadKey(true);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
}- Program Input and Output
- :
*************************************************** * * * Integerness test * * * *************************************************** Enter number value : 25,000000 Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer True Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : 24,999999 Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer False Is integer with tolerance True Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : 25,000100 Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer False Is integer with tolerance False Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : -2.1e120 Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer True Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : -5e-2 Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer False Is integer with tolerance False Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : NaN Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer False Is integer with tolerance False Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : Inf Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer True Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : 5,0+0,0i Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer True Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : 5-5i Enter tolerance value : 0,00001 Is exact integer False Is integer with tolerance False Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : 1,1 Enter tolerance value : 0,1 Is exact integer False Is integer with tolerance True Another test < Y /N > . . . Enter number value : 15/7 Enter tolerance value : 0,15 Is exact integer False Is integer with tolerance True Another test < Y /N > . . .
C++
#include <complex>
#include <math.h>
#include <iostream>
template<class Type>
struct Precision
{
public:
static Type GetEps()
{
return eps;
}
static void SetEps(Type e)
{
eps = e;
}
private:
static Type eps;
};
template<class Type> Type Precision<Type>::eps = static_cast<Type>(1E-7);
template<class DigType>
bool IsDoubleEqual(DigType d1, DigType d2)
{
return (fabs(d1 - d2) < Precision<DigType>::GetEps());
}
template<class DigType>
DigType IntegerPart(DigType value)
{
return (value > 0) ? floor(value) : ceil(value);
}
template<class DigType>
DigType FractionPart(DigType value)
{
return fabs(IntegerPart<DigType>(value) - value);
}
template<class Type>
bool IsInteger(const Type& value)
{
return false;
}
#define GEN_CHECK_INTEGER(type) \
template<> \
bool IsInteger<type>(const type& value) \
{ \
return true; \
}
#define GEN_CHECK_CMPL_INTEGER(type) \
template<> \
bool IsInteger<std::complex<type> >(const std::complex<type>& value) \
{ \
type zero = type(); \
return value.imag() == zero; \
}
#define GEN_CHECK_REAL(type) \
template<> \
bool IsInteger<type>(const type& value) \
{ \
type zero = type(); \
return IsDoubleEqual<type>(FractionPart<type>(value), zero); \
}
#define GEN_CHECK_CMPL_REAL(type) \
template<> \
bool IsInteger<std::complex<type> >(const std::complex<type>& value) \
{ \
type zero = type(); \
return IsDoubleEqual<type>(value.imag(), zero); \
}
#define GEN_INTEGER(type) \
GEN_CHECK_INTEGER(type) \
GEN_CHECK_CMPL_INTEGER(type)
#define GEN_REAL(type) \
GEN_CHECK_REAL(type) \
GEN_CHECK_CMPL_REAL(type)
GEN_INTEGER(char)
GEN_INTEGER(unsigned char)
GEN_INTEGER(short)
GEN_INTEGER(unsigned short)
GEN_INTEGER(int)
GEN_INTEGER(unsigned int)
GEN_INTEGER(long)
GEN_INTEGER(unsigned long)
GEN_INTEGER(long long)
GEN_INTEGER(unsigned long long)
GEN_REAL(float)
GEN_REAL(double)
GEN_REAL(long double)
template<class Type>
inline void TestValue(const Type& value)
{
std::cout << "Value: " << value << " of type: " << typeid(Type).name() << " is integer - " << std::boolalpha << IsInteger(value) << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
char c = -100;
unsigned char uc = 200;
short s = c;
unsigned short us = uc;
int i = s;
unsigned int ui = us;
long long ll = i;
unsigned long long ull = ui;
std::complex<unsigned int> ci1(2, 0);
std::complex<int> ci2(2, 4);
std::complex<int> ci3(-2, 4);
std::complex<unsigned short> cs1(2, 0);
std::complex<short> cs2(2, 4);
std::complex<short> cs3(-2, 4);
std::complex<double> cd1(2, 0);
std::complex<float> cf1(2, 4);
std::complex<double> cd2(-2, 4);
float f1 = 1.0;
float f2 = -2.0;
float f3 = -2.4f;
float f4 = 1.23e-5f;
float f5 = 1.23e-10f;
double d1 = f5;
TestValue(c);
TestValue(uc);
TestValue(s);
TestValue(us);
TestValue(i);
TestValue(ui);
TestValue(ll);
TestValue(ull);
TestValue(ci1);
TestValue(ci2);
TestValue(ci3);
TestValue(cs1);
TestValue(cs2);
TestValue(cs3);
TestValue(cd1);
TestValue(cd2);
TestValue(cf1);
TestValue(f1);
TestValue(f2);
TestValue(f3);
TestValue(f4);
TestValue(f5);
std::cout << "Set float precision: 1e-15f\n";
Precision<float>::SetEps(1e-15f);
TestValue(f5);
TestValue(d1);
return 0;
}
- Output:
Value: Ь of type: char is integer - true Value: ╚ of type: unsigned char is integer - true Value: -100 of type: short is integer - true Value: 200 of type: unsigned short is integer - true Value: -100 of type: int is integer - true Value: 200 of type: unsigned int is integer - true Value: -100 of type: __int64 is integer - true Value: 200 of type: unsigned __int64 is integer - true Value: (2,0) of type: class std::complex<unsigned int> is integer - true Value: (2,4) of type: class std::complex<int> is integer - false Value: (-2,4) of type: class std::complex<int> is integer - false Value: (2,0) of type: class std::complex<unsigned short> is integer - true Value: (2,4) of type: class std::complex<short> is integer - false Value: (-2,4) of type: class std::complex<short> is integer - false Value: (2,0) of type: class std::complex<double> is integer - true Value: (-2,4) of type: class std::complex<double> is integer - false Value: (2,4) of type: class std::complex<float> is integer - false Value: 1 of type: float is integer - true Value: -2 of type: float is integer - true Value: -2.4 of type: float is integer - false Value: 1.23e-05 of type: float is integer - false Value: 1.23e-10 of type: float is integer - true Set float precision: 1e-15f Value: 1.23e-10 of type: float is integer - false Value: 1.23e-10 of type: double is integer - true
COBOL
COBOL likes to work with fixed-point decimal numbers. For the sake of argument, this program tests the "integerness" of values that have up to nine digits before the decimal point and up to nine digits after. It can therefore be "tricked", as in the third of the four tests below, by computing a result that differs from an integer by less than 0.000000001; if there is any likelihood of such results arising, it would be a good idea to allow more digits of precision after the decimal point. Support for complex numbers (in a sense) is included, because the specification calls for it—but it adds little of interest.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. INTEGERNESS-PROGRAM.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 INTEGERS-OR-ARE-THEY.
05 POSSIBLE-INTEGER PIC S9(9)V9(9).
05 DEFINITE-INTEGER PIC S9(9).
01 COMPLEX-NUMBER.
05 REAL-PART PIC S9(9)V9(9).
05 IMAGINARY-PART PIC S9(9)V9(9).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
TEST-PARAGRAPH.
MOVE ZERO TO IMAGINARY-PART.
DIVIDE -28 BY 7 GIVING POSSIBLE-INTEGER.
PERFORM INTEGER-PARAGRAPH.
DIVIDE 28 BY 18 GIVING POSSIBLE-INTEGER.
PERFORM INTEGER-PARAGRAPH.
DIVIDE 3 BY 10000000000 GIVING POSSIBLE-INTEGER.
PERFORM INTEGER-PARAGRAPH.
TEST-COMPLEX-PARAGRAPH.
MOVE ZERO TO REAL-PART.
MOVE 1 TO IMAGINARY-PART.
MOVE REAL-PART TO POSSIBLE-INTEGER.
PERFORM INTEGER-PARAGRAPH.
STOP RUN.
INTEGER-PARAGRAPH.
IF IMAGINARY-PART IS EQUAL TO ZERO THEN PERFORM REAL-PARAGRAPH,
ELSE PERFORM COMPLEX-PARAGRAPH.
REAL-PARAGRAPH.
MOVE POSSIBLE-INTEGER TO DEFINITE-INTEGER.
IF DEFINITE-INTEGER IS EQUAL TO POSSIBLE-INTEGER
THEN DISPLAY POSSIBLE-INTEGER ' IS AN INTEGER.',
ELSE DISPLAY POSSIBLE-INTEGER ' IS NOT AN INTEGER.'.
COMPLEX-PARAGRAPH.
DISPLAY REAL-PART '+' IMAGINARY-PART 'i IS NOT AN INTEGER.'.
- Output:
-000000004.000000000 IS AN INTEGER. 000000001.555555555 IS NOT AN INTEGER. 000000000.000000000 IS AN INTEGER. 000000000.000000000+ 000000001.000000000i IS NOT AN INTEGER.
D
import std.complex;
import std.math;
import std.meta;
import std.stdio;
import std.traits;
void main() {
print(25.000000);
print(24.999999);
print(24.999999, 0.00001);
print(25.000100);
print(-2.1e120);
print(-5e-2);
print(real.nan);
print(real.infinity);
print(5.0+0.0i);
print(5-5i);
}
void print(T)(T v, real tol = 0.0) {
writefln("Is %0.10s an integer? %s", v, isInteger(v, tol));
}
/// Test for plain integers
bool isInteger(T)(T v)
if (isIntegral!T) {
return true;
}
unittest {
assert(isInteger(5));
assert(isInteger(-5));
assert(isInteger(2L));
assert(isInteger(-2L));
}
/// Test for floating point
bool isInteger(T)(T v, real tol = 0.0)
if (isFloatingPoint!T) {
return (v - floor(v)) <= tol || (ceil(v) - v) <= tol;
}
unittest {
assert(isInteger(25.000000));
assert(!isInteger(24.999999));
assert(isInteger(24.999999, 0.00001));
}
/// Test for complex numbers
bool isInteger(T)(Complex!T v, real tol = 0.0) {
return isInteger(v.re, tol) && abs(v.im) <= tol;
}
unittest {
assert(isInteger(complex(1.0)));
assert(!isInteger(complex(1.0, 0.0001)));
assert(isInteger(complex(1.0, 0.00009), 0.0001));
}
/// Test for built-in complex types
bool isInteger(T)(T v, real tol = 0.0)
if (staticIndexOf!(Unqual!T, AliasSeq!(cfloat, cdouble, creal)) >= 0) {
return isInteger(v.re, tol) && abs(v.im) <= tol;
}
unittest {
assert(isInteger(1.0 + 0.0i));
assert(!isInteger(1.0 + 0.0001i));
assert(isInteger(1.0 + 0.00009i, 0.0001));
}
/// Test for built-in imaginary types
bool isInteger(T)(T v, real tol = 0.0)
if (staticIndexOf!(Unqual!T, AliasSeq!(ifloat, idouble, ireal)) >= 0) {
return abs(v) <= tol;
}
unittest {
assert(isInteger(0.0i));
assert(!isInteger(0.0001i));
assert(isInteger(0.00009i, 0.0001));
}
- Output:
Is 25 an integer? true Is 24.999999 an integer? false Is 24.999999 an integer? true Is 25.0001 an integer? false Is -2.1e+120 an integer? true Is -0.05 an integer? false Is nan an integer? false Is inf an integer? false Is 5+0i an integer? true Is 5-5i an integer? false
Delphi
{Complex number}
type TComplex = record
Real,Imagine: double;
end;
{Tolerance for fuzzy integer test}
const Tolerance = 0.00001;
function IsFloatInteger(R,Fuzz: extended): boolean;
{Determine if floating point number is an integer}
var F: extended;
begin
F:=Abs(Frac(R));
if IsNan(R) or IsInfinite(R) then Result:=False
else Result:=(F<=Fuzz) or ((1-F)<=Fuzz);
end;
function IsComplexInteger(C: TComplex; Fuzz: extended): boolean;
{Determine if Complex number is an integer}
begin
Result:=(C.Imagine=0) and IsFloatInteger(C.Real,Fuzz);
end;
function GetBooleanStr(B: boolean): string;
{Return Yes/No string depending on boolean}
begin
if B then Result:='Yes' else Result:='No';
end;
procedure DisplayFloatInteger(Memo: TMemo; R: extended);
{Display test result for single floating point number}
var S: string;
var B1,B2: boolean;
begin
B1:=IsFloatInteger(R,0);
B2:=IsFloatInteger(R,Tolerance);
Memo.Lines.Add(Format('%15.6n, Is Integer = %3S Fuzzy = %3S',[R,GetBooleanStr(B1),GetBooleanStr(B2)]));
end;
procedure DisplayComplexInteger(Memo: TMemo; C: TComplex);
{Dispaly test result for single complex number}
var S: string;
var B1,B2: boolean;
begin
B1:=IsComplexInteger(C,0);
B2:=IsComplexInteger(C,Tolerance);
Memo.Lines.Add(Format('%3.1n + %3.1ni Is Integer = %3S Fuzzy = %3S',[C.Real,C.Imagine,GetBooleanStr(B1),GetBooleanStr(B2)]));
end;
procedure TestIntegerness(Memo: TMemo);
var C: TComplex;
begin
DisplayFloatInteger(Memo,25.000000);
DisplayFloatInteger(Memo,24.999999);
DisplayFloatInteger(Memo,25.000100);
DisplayFloatInteger(Memo,-2.1e120);
DisplayFloatInteger(Memo,-5e-2);
DisplayFloatInteger(Memo,NaN);
DisplayFloatInteger(Memo,Infinity);
Memo.Lines.Add('');
C.Real:=5; C.Imagine:=0;
DisplayComplexInteger(Memo,C);
C.Real:=5; C.Imagine:=5;
DisplayComplexInteger(Memo,C);
end;
- Output:
25.000000, Is Integer = Yes Fuzzy = Yes
24.999999, Is Integer = No Fuzzy = Yes
25.000100, Is Integer = No Fuzzy = No
-2.1E120, Is Integer = Yes Fuzzy = Yes
-0.050000, Is Integer = No Fuzzy = No
NAN, Is Integer = No Fuzzy = No
INF, Is Integer = No Fuzzy = No
5.0 + 0.0i Is Integer = Yes Fuzzy = Yes
5.0 + 5.0i Is Integer = No Fuzzy = No
Elapsed Time: 11.308 ms.
DuckDB
Because DuckDB has so many numeric types, and because values of user-defined types do not themselves carry the type names with them, there are many ways in which "Complex" and "Rational" types could be defined in DuckDB. In the interests of specificity and brevity, this entry will use these straightforward definitions:
create type Complex as struct (r float, i float);
create type Rational as struct (n integer, d integer);
It should be noted that, since DuckDB's rules for casting are quite generous, one cannot rely on casting for strict type-checking. For example, in the following, notice that (1.1,2.1)::Rational succeeds:
D select (2,1)::Rational as "(2,1)", (1.1, 2.1)::Rational as "(1.1,2.1)";
┌──────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┐
│ (2,1) │ (1.1,2.1) │
│ struct(n integer, d integer) │ struct(n integer, d integer) │
├──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤
│ {'n': 2, 'd': 1} │ {'n': 1, 'd': 2} │
└──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┘
The task
It is not currently possible to define a single polymorphic function for testing "integerness" covering Rational, Complex, and all other DuckDB types. So, to satisfy the task requirements, we will define three functions, one for DuckDB's numeric types, and one each for the Complex and Rational types defined above. These functions will either return NULL or raise an error if the argument is of the wrong type.
create or replace function number_integerp(x) as (
x = trunc(x)
);
# Return true iff x has the type signature of a Rational
# with the denominator dividing the numerator evenly.
create or replace function rational_integerp(x) as (
typeof(x) = 'STRUCT(n INTEGER, d INTEGER)'
and x.n % x.d = 0
);
# Return true if x can be cast to a Complex with
# the imaginary part equal to 0 and an integer real part.
create or replace function complex_integerp(x) as (
(x::Complex).i = 0 and number_integerp(x.r)
);
Examples:
D select number_integerp(1.0) as "1.0",
rational_integerp((14,2)::Rational) as "(14/2)",
complex_integerp( (1,1)::Complex) as "1+i";
┌─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│ 1.0 │ (14/2) │ 1+i │
│ boolean │ boolean │ boolean │
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ true │ true │ false │
└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
D select number_integerp(1.2) as "1.2",
rational_integerp( (14,3)::Rational) as "14/3",
complex_integerp( (1.0,0.0)::Complex) as "1.0+0.0i";
┌─────────┬─────────┬──────────┐
│ 1.2 │ 14/3 │ 1.0+0.0i │
│ boolean │ boolean │ boolean │
├─────────┼─────────┼──────────┤
│ false │ false │ true │
└─────────┴─────────┴──────────┘
EasyLang
func isint x .
if x mod 1 = 0
return 1
.
.
num[] = [ 25.000000 24.999999 25.0001 -2.1e120 -5e-2 0 / 0 1 / 0 ]
#
numfmt 10 0
for n in num[]
write n & " -> "
if isint n = 1
print "integer"
else
print "no integer"
.
.- Output:
25 -> integer 24.9999990000 -> no integer 25.0001000000 -> no integer -2.1e+120 -> integer -0.0500000000 -> no integer nan -> no integer inf -> no integer
Elixir
defmodule Test do
def integer?(n) when n == trunc(n), do: true
def integer?(_), do: false
end
Enum.each([2, 2.0, 2.5, 2.000000000000001, 1.23e300, 1.0e-300, "123", '123', :"123"], fn n ->
IO.puts "#{inspect n} is integer?: #{Test.integer?(n)}"
end)
- Output:
2 is integer?: true 2.0 is integer?: true 2.5 is integer?: false 2.000000000000001 is integer?: false 1.23e300 is integer?: true 1.0e-300 is integer?: false "123" is integer?: false '123' is integer?: false :"123" is integer?: false
Factor
The number= word in the math vocabulary comes very close to encapsulating this task. It compares numbers for equality without regard for class, like = would. However, since >integer and round do not specialize on the complex class, we need to handle complex numbers specially. We use >rect to extract the real components of the complex number for further processing.
USING: formatting io kernel math math.functions sequences ;
IN: rosetta-code.test-integerness
GENERIC: integral? ( n -- ? )
M: real integral? [ ] [ >integer ] bi number= ;
M: complex integral? >rect [ integral? ] [ 0 number= ] bi* and ;
GENERIC# fuzzy-int? 1 ( n tolerance -- ? )
M: real fuzzy-int? [ dup round - abs ] dip <= ;
M: complex fuzzy-int? [ >rect ] dip swapd fuzzy-int? swap 0
number= and ;
{
25/1
50+2/3
34/73
312459210312903/129381293812491284512951
25.000000
24.999999
25.000100
-2.1e120
-5e-2
0/0. ! NaN
1/0. ! Infinity
C{ 5.0 0.0 }
C{ 5 -5 }
C{ 5 0 }
}
"Number" "Exact int?" "Fuzzy int? (tolerance=0.00001)"
"%-41s %-11s %s\n" printf
[
[ ] [ integral? ] [ 0.00001 fuzzy-int? ] tri
"%-41u %-11u %u\n" printf
] each
- Output:
Number Exact int? Fuzzy int? (tolerance=0.00001)
25 t t
50+2/3 f f
34/73 f f
312459210312903/129381293812491284512951 f t
25.0 t t
24.999999 f t
25.0001 f f
-2.1e+120 t t
-0.05 f f
NAN: 8000000000000 f f
1/0. f f
C{ 5.0 0.0 } t t
C{ 5 -5 } f f
5 t t
Fortran
Straightforward
The issue is a little delicate, because a number such as 3E120 is integral, but, cannot be represented in an ordinary integer variable. If the idea slides towards whether the value can be represented exactly by an integer variable then the task become easy. The following code takes advantage of the availability of INTEGER*8 variables, and an associated function KIDINT(x) that deals with double precision values and returns a 64-bit integer result. This function truncates - if it were to round then it might want to round up to one beyond the maximum possible integer of that sign. There is a bewildering variety of these truncation and rounding functions, some of which are generic and some not, and if only INTEGER*4 were available, different choices would have to be made.
The MODULE protocol of F90 is used, merely to save on the need to define the types of the function in each routine that uses them, since there is no default type for LOGICAL. Otherwise, this is F77 style.
MODULE ZERMELO !Approach the foundations of mathematics.
CONTAINS
LOGICAL FUNCTION ISINTEGRAL(X) !A whole number?
REAL*8 X !Alas, this is not really a REAL number.
INTEGER*8 N !Largest available.
IF (ISNAN(X)) THEN !Avoid some sillyness.
ISINTEGRAL = .FALSE. !And possible error messages.
ELSE !But now it is safe to try.
N = KIDINT(X) !This one truncates.
ISINTEGRAL = N .EQ. X !Any difference?
END IF !A floating-point number may overflow an integer.
END FUNCTION ISINTEGRAL !And even if integral, it will not seem so.
LOGICAL FUNCTION ISINTEGRALZ(Z) !For complex numbers, two tests.
DOUBLE COMPLEX Z !Still not really REAL, though.
ISINTEGRALZ = ISINTEGRAL(DBLE(Z)) .AND. ISINTEGRAL(DIMAG(Z)) !Separate the parts.
END FUNCTION ISINTEGRALZ!No INTEGER COMPLEX type is offered.
END MODULE ZERMELO !Much more mathematics lie elsewhere.
PROGRAM TEST
USE ZERMELO
DOUBLE COMPLEX Z
WRITE (6,*) "See if some numbers are integral..."
WRITE (6,*) ISINTEGRAL(666D0),666D0
Z = DCMPLX(-3D0,4*ATAN(1D0))
WRITE (6,*) ISINTEGRALZ(Z),Z
END
See if some numbers are integral... T 666.000000000000 F (-3.00000000000000,3.14159265358979)
Tricky
If however large numbers are to be affirmed as integral even if there is no integer variable capable of holding such values, then a different approach is required. Given that a floating-point number has a finite precision, there will be some number above which no digits can be devoted to fractional parts and so the number represented by the floating-point value must be integral, while for smaller numbers the floating point value can be compared to its integer truncation, as above. Suppose a decimal computer (like the IBM1620!) for convenience, using eight decimal digits for the mantissa (and two for the exponent, as did the IBM1620). A (non-zero) normalised number must be of the form d·ddddddd and the largest number with a fractional digit would be 9999999·9 (represented as 9·9999999E+06 or possibly as ·99999999E+07 depending on the style of normalisation) and the next possible floating-point number would be 1·0000000E+07, then 1·0000001E+07, etc. advancing in steps of one. No fractional part is possible. Thus the boundary is clear and a test need merely involve a comparison: integral if greater than that, otherwise compare the floating-point number to its truncated integer form.
The argument is the same with binary (or base 4, 8 or 16), but, you have to know what base is used to prepare the proper boundary value, similarly you must ascertain just how many digits of precision are in use, remembering that in binary the leading one of normalised numbers may be represented implicitly, or it may be explicitly present. One would have to devise probing routines with delicate calculations that may be disrupted by various compiler optimisation tricks and unanticipated details of the arithmetic mill. For instance, the Intel 8087 floating-point co-processor and its descendants use an implicit leading-one bit for 32- and 64-bit floating-point numbers, but not for 80-bit floating-point numbers. So if your compiler offers a REAL*10 type, such variables will enjoy a slightly different style of arithmetic. Further, during a calculation (add, subtract, multiply, divide) a further three guard bits (with special meanings) are employed. Calculations are done with full 83-bit precision to yield an 80-bit result; it is only when values are stored that they are converted to single or double precision format in storage - the register retains full precision. On top of that, the arithmetic can employ "denormalised" numbers during underflow towards zero. Chapter 6 of The I8087 Numeric Data Processor, page 219, remarks "At least some of the generalised numerical solutions to common mathematical procedures have coding that is so involved and tricky in order to take care of all possible roundoff contingencies that they have been termed 'pornographic algorithms'". So a probe routine that worked for one design will likely need tweaking when tried on another system.
To determine the number of digits of precision, one probes somewhat as follows:
X = 1
10 X = X*BASE
Y = X + 1
D = Y - X
IF (D .EQ. 1) GO TO 10
Or alternatively, compare 1 + eps to 1, successively dividing eps by BASE.
The difficulties include the risk that a compiler might wrongly apply the axia of mathematics to floating-point arithmetic and deduce that D was always one. Similarly, after assigning the result of X + 1 to Y, it may notice that the register could retain that value and so there would be no need to load Y's value to calculate Y - X: if the register was of greater precision than the variable, the probe will err. Producing output can help. As well as being interesting, otherwise a compiler might deduce that there is no need to calculate something because it is not used to produce output nor affects something that does lead to output.
Conveniently, F90 standardised the functions FRACTION(x) and EXPONENT(x) that reveal the parts of a floating point number and with the assistance of the RADIX(x) function that reports the base of the number system and DIGITS(x) the number of digits represented, a suitable boundary value can be constructed. For the decimal example above, 1E7 is the first value that has no space for fractional digits.
If the highest-precision floating-point number is 64-bit, and the largest integer is 64-bit, then, given that some of the 64 bits of the floating-point number are devoted to the exponent, floating-point values up to the threshold will never overflow a 64-bit integer range, and all will be well... A similar process would apply for 32-bit floating-point variables, and so on.
Since the special functions are only available for F90 and later, the example proceeds to activate the F90 protocol for making a function (or subroutine) generic. This requires a suitable function for each desired combination of parameter types and ringing the changes can soon become tedious as well as error-prone, though fortunately here, there is only one parameter and its types to work through. It would be helpful to have a decent pre-processor scheme (such as in pl/i) whereby the various routines would be generated, but there can be surprise obstacles also. Here, INTEGER*8 is not fully incorporated into the compiler as a possibility for integer constants, so it is necessary to pre-define INTEGER*8 BIG so that in its PARAMETER statement the compiler's calculation will have sufficient scope. The INTEGER*4 routine has no such difficulty.
Despite the attempt at generality, there will be difficulties on systems whose word sizes are not multiples of eight bits so that the REAL*4 scheme falters. Still, it is preferable to a blizzard of terms such as small int, int, long int, long long int. A decimal computer would be quite different in its size specifications, and there have been rumours of a Russian computer that worked in base three...
MODULE ZERMELO !Approach the foundations of mathematics.
INTERFACE ISINTEGRAL !And obscure them with computerese.
MODULE PROCEDURE ISINTEGRALF4, ISINTEGRALF8,
1 ISINTEGRALZ8, ISINTEGRALZ16
END INTERFACE !Selection is by parameter type and number.
CONTAINS !Sop, now for a grabbag of routines.
LOGICAL FUNCTION ISINTEGRALF8(X) !A whole number?
REAL*8 X !Alas, this is not really a REAL number.
INTEGER*8 N !Largest available.
INTEGER*8 BIG !The first number too big to have any fractional digits in floating-point.
PARAMETER (BIG = RADIX(X)**(DIGITS(X) - 1)) !These "functions" are in fact constants.
IF (ISNAN(X)) THEN !Avoid some sillyness.
ISINTEGRALF8 = .FALSE. !And possible error messages.
ELSE IF (ABS(X).GE.BIG) THEN !But now it is safe to try.
ISINTEGRALF8 = .TRUE. !Can't have fractional digits => integral.
ELSE !But smaller numbers can have fractional digits.
N = KIDINT(X) !So, truncate to an integral value.
ISINTEGRALF8 = N .EQ. X !Any difference?
END IF !So much for inspection.
END FUNCTION ISINTEGRALF8 !No need to look at digit sequences.
LOGICAL FUNCTION ISINTEGRALF4(X) !A whole number?
REAL*4 X !Alas, this is not really a REAL number.
INTEGER*4 N !Largest available.
IF (ISNAN(X)) THEN !Avoid some sillyness.
ISINTEGRALF4 = .FALSE. !And possible error messages.
ELSE IF (ABS(X) .GE. RADIX(X)**(DIGITS(X) - 1)) THEN !Constant results as appropriate for X.
ISINTEGRALF4 = .TRUE. !Can't have fractional digits => integral.
ELSE !But smaller numbers can have fractional digits.
N = INT(X) !So, truncate to an integral value.
ISINTEGRALF4 = N .EQ. X !Any difference?
END IF !A real*4 should not overflow INTEGER*4.
END FUNCTION ISINTEGRALF4 !Thanks to the size check.
LOGICAL FUNCTION ISINTEGRALZ8(Z) !For complex numbers, two tests.
COMPLEX Z !Still not really REAL, though.
ISINTEGRALZ8 = ISINTEGRAL(REAL(Z)) .AND. ISINTEGRAL(AIMAG(Z)) !Separate the parts.
END FUNCTION ISINTEGRALZ8 !No INTEGER COMPLEX type is offered.
LOGICAL FUNCTION ISINTEGRALZ16(Z) !And there are two sorts of complex numbers.
DOUBLE COMPLEX Z !Still not really REAL.
ISINTEGRALZ16 = ISINTEGRAL(DBLE(Z)) .AND. ISINTEGRAL(DIMAG(Z)) !Separate the parts.
END FUNCTION ISINTEGRALZ16 !No INTEGER COMPLEX type is offered.
END MODULE ZERMELO !Much more mathematics lie elsewhere.
PROGRAM TEST
USE ZERMELO
DOUBLE COMPLEX Z
DOUBLE PRECISION X
REAL U
Cast forth some pearls.
WRITE (6,1) 4,DIGITS(U),RADIX(U)
WRITE (6,1) 8,DIGITS(X),RADIX(X)
1 FORMAT ("REAL*",I1,":",I3," digits, in base",I2)
WRITE (6,*) "See if some numbers are integral..."
WRITE (6,*) ISINTEGRAL(666D0),666D0
WRITE (6,*) ISINTEGRAL(665.9),665.9
Z = DCMPLX(-3D0,4*ATAN(1D0))
WRITE (6,*) ISINTEGRAL(Z),Z
END
REAL*4: 24 digits, in base 2 REAL*8: 53 digits, in base 2 See if some numbers are integral... T 666.000000000000 F 665.9000 F (-3.00000000000000,3.14159265358979)
FreeBASIC
#define isInteger(x) iif(Int(val(x)) = val(x), 1, 0)
Dim As String test(1 To 8) = {"25.000000", "24.999999", "25.000100", "-2.1e120", "-5e-2", "NaN", "Inf", "-0.05"}
For i As Integer = 1 To Ubound(test)
Dim As String s = test(i)
Print s,
If isInteger(s) then Print "is integer" Else Print "is not integer"
Next i
Sleep
- Output:
25.000000 is integer 24.999999 is not integer 25.000100 is not integer -2.1e120 is integer -5e-2 is not integer NaN is not integer Inf is integer -0.05 is not integer
Free Pascal
// in FPC 3.2.0 the definition of `integer` still depends on the compiler mode
{$mode objFPC}
uses
// used for `isInfinite`, `isNan` and `fMod`
math,
// NB: `ucomplex`’s `complex` isn’t a simple data type as ISO 10206 requires
ucomplex;
{ --- determines whether a `float` value is (almost) an `integer` ------ }
function isInteger(x: float; const fuzziness: float = 0.0): Boolean;
// nested routine allows us to spare an `if … then` statement below
function fuzzyInteger: Boolean;
begin
// `x mod 1.0` uses `fMod` function from `math` unit
x := x mod 1.0;
result := (x <= fuzziness) or (x >= 1.0 - fuzziness);
end;
begin
{$push}
// just for emphasis: use lazy evaluation strategy (currently default)
{$boolEval off}
result := not isInfinite(x) and not isNan(x) and fuzzyInteger;
{$pop}
end;
{ --- check whether a `complex` number is (almost) in ℤ ---------------- }
function isInteger(const x: complex; const fuzziness: float = 0.0): Boolean;
begin
// you could use `isZero` from the `math` unit for a fuzzy zero
isInteger := (x.im = 0.0) and isInteger(x.re, fuzziness)
end;
{ --- test routine ----------------------------------------------------- }
procedure test(const x: float);
const
tolerance = 0.00001;
w = 42;
var
s: string;
begin
writeStr(s, 'isInteger(', x);
writeLn(s:w, ') = ', isInteger(x):5,
s:w, ', ', tolerance:7:5, ') = ', isInteger(x, tolerance):5);
end;
{ === MAIN ============================================================= }
begin
test(25.000000);
test(24.999999);
test(25.000100);
test(-2.1e120);
test(-5e-2);
test(NaN);
test(Infinity);
writeLn(isInteger(5.0 + 0.0 * i));
writeLn(isInteger(5 - 5 * i));
end.
- Output:
isInteger( 2.50000000000000000000E+0001) = TRUE isInteger( 2.50000000000000000000E+0001, 0.00001) = TRUE isInteger( 2.49999990000000000007E+0001) = FALSE isInteger( 2.49999990000000000007E+0001, 0.00001) = TRUE isInteger( 2.50000999999999999994E+0001) = FALSE isInteger( 2.50000999999999999994E+0001, 0.00001) = FALSE isInteger(-2.10000000000000000006E+0120) = TRUE isInteger(-2.10000000000000000006E+0120, 0.00001) = TRUE isInteger(-5.00000000000000000007E-0002) = TRUE isInteger(-5.00000000000000000007E-0002, 0.00001) = TRUE isInteger( Nan) = FALSE isInteger( Nan, 0.00001) = FALSE isInteger( +Inf) = FALSE isInteger( +Inf, 0.00001) = FALSE TRUE FALSE
Go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math"
"math/big"
"reflect"
"strings"
"unsafe"
)
// Go provides an integerness test only for the big.Rat and big.Float types
// in the standard library.
// The fundamental piece of code needed for built-in floating point types
// is a test on the float64 type:
func Float64IsInt(f float64) bool {
_, frac := math.Modf(f)
return frac == 0
}
// Other built-in or stanadard library numeric types are either always
// integer or can be easily tested using Float64IsInt.
func Float32IsInt(f float32) bool {
return Float64IsInt(float64(f))
}
func Complex128IsInt(c complex128) bool {
return imag(c) == 0 && Float64IsInt(real(c))
}
func Complex64IsInt(c complex64) bool {
return imag(c) == 0 && Float64IsInt(float64(real(c)))
}
// Usually just the above statically typed functions would be all that is used,
// but if it is desired to have a single function that can test any arbitrary
// type, including the standard math/big types, user defined types based on
// an integer, float, or complex builtin types, or user defined types that
// have an IsInt() method, then reflection can be used.
type hasIsInt interface {
IsInt() bool
}
var bigIntT = reflect.TypeOf((*big.Int)(nil))
func IsInt(i interface{}) bool {
if ci, ok := i.(hasIsInt); ok {
// Handles things like *big.Rat
return ci.IsInt()
}
switch v := reflect.ValueOf(i); v.Kind() {
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16,
reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16,
reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
// Built-in types and any custom type based on them
return true
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
// Built-in floats and anything based on them
return Float64IsInt(v.Float())
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
// Built-in complexes and anything based on them
return Complex128IsInt(v.Complex())
case reflect.String:
// Could also do strconv.ParseFloat then FloatIsInt but
// big.Rat handles everything ParseFloat can plus more.
// Note, there is no strconv.ParseComplex.
if r, ok := new(big.Rat).SetString(v.String()); ok {
return r.IsInt()
}
case reflect.Ptr:
// Special case for math/big.Int
if v.Type() == bigIntT {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// The rest is just demonstration and display
type intbased int16
type complexbased complex64
type customIntegerType struct {
// Anything that stores or represents a sub-set
// of integer values in any way desired.
}
func (customIntegerType) IsInt() bool { return true }
func (customIntegerType) String() string { return "<…>" }
func main() {
hdr := fmt.Sprintf("%27s %-6s %s\n", "Input", "IsInt", "Type")
show2 := func(t bool, i interface{}, args ...interface{}) {
istr := fmt.Sprint(i)
fmt.Printf("%27s %-6t %T ", istr, t, i)
fmt.Println(args...)
}
show := func(i interface{}, args ...interface{}) {
show2(IsInt(i), i, args...)
}
fmt.Print("Using Float64IsInt with float64:\n", hdr)
neg1 := -1.
for _, f := range []float64{
0, neg1 * 0, -2, -2.000000000000001, 10. / 2, 22. / 3,
math.Pi,
math.MinInt64, math.MaxUint64,
math.SmallestNonzeroFloat64, math.MaxFloat64,
math.NaN(), math.Inf(1), math.Inf(-1),
} {
show2(Float64IsInt(f), f)
}
fmt.Print("\nUsing Complex128IsInt with complex128:\n", hdr)
for _, c := range []complex128{
3, 1i, 0i, 3.4,
} {
show2(Complex128IsInt(c), c)
}
fmt.Println("\nUsing reflection:")
fmt.Print(hdr)
show("hello")
show(math.MaxFloat64)
show("9e100")
f := new(big.Float)
show(f)
f.SetString("1e-3000")
show(f)
show("(4+0i)", "(complex strings not parsed)")
show(4 + 0i)
show(rune('§'), "or rune")
show(byte('A'), "or byte")
var t1 intbased = 5200
var t2a, t2b complexbased = 5 + 0i, 5 + 1i
show(t1)
show(t2a)
show(t2b)
x := uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&t2b))
show(x)
show(math.MinInt32)
show(uint64(math.MaxUint64))
b, _ := new(big.Int).SetString(strings.Repeat("9", 25), 0)
show(b)
r := new(big.Rat)
show(r)
r.SetString("2/3")
show(r)
show(r.SetFrac(b, new(big.Int).SetInt64(9)))
show("12345/5")
show(new(customIntegerType))
}
- Output:
Using Float64IsInt with float64:
Input IsInt Type
0 true float64
-0 true float64
-2 true float64
-2.000000000000001 false float64
5 true float64
7.333333333333333 false float64
3.141592653589793 false float64
-9.223372036854776e+18 true float64
1.8446744073709552e+19 true float64
5e-324 false float64
1.7976931348623157e+308 true float64
NaN false float64
+Inf false float64
-Inf false float64
Using Complex128IsInt with complex128:
Input IsInt Type
(3+0i) true complex128
(0+1i) false complex128
(0+0i) true complex128
(3.4+0i) false complex128
Using reflection:
Input IsInt Type
hello false string
1.7976931348623157e+308 true float64
9e100 true string
0 true *big.Float
1e-3000 false *big.Float
(4+0i) false string (complex strings not parsed)
(4+0i) true complex128
167 true int32 or rune
65 true uint8 or byte
5200 true main.intbased
(5+0i) true main.complexbased
(5+1i) false main.complexbased
842350779352 true uintptr
-2147483648 true int
18446744073709551615 true uint64
9999999999999999999999999 true *big.Int
0/1 true *big.Rat
2/3 false *big.Rat
1111111111111111111111111/1 true *big.Rat
12345/5 true string
<…> true *main.customIntegerType
Haskell
Some imports for additional number types
import Data.Decimal
import Data.Ratio
import Data.Complex
Haskell is statically typed, so in order to get universal integerness test we define a class of numbers, which may contain integers:
class ContainsInteger a where
isInteger :: a -> Bool
Laws for this class are simple:
for integral numbers: isInteger n ≡ True for real fractional numbers: isInteger x ⟺ truncate x = x
Here are some instances, which literally express class laws:
Integral numbers:
instance ContainsInteger Int where isInteger _ = True
instance ContainsInteger Integer where isInteger _ = True
Real fractional numbers:
isIntegerF :: (Eq x, RealFrac x) => x -> Bool
isIntegerF x = x == fromInteger (truncate x)
instance ContainsInteger Double where isInteger = isIntegerF
instance Integral i => ContainsInteger (DecimalRaw i) where isInteger = isIntegerF
instance Integral i => ContainsInteger (Ratio i) where isInteger = isIntegerF
Complex numbers:
instance (Eq a, Num a, ContainsInteger a) => ContainsInteger (Complex a) where
isInteger z = isInteger (realPart z) && (imagPart z == 0)
Extra credit
Approximate integerness for fractional numbers:
x ~~ eps = abs x <= eps
almostInteger :: RealFrac a => a -> a -> Bool
almostInteger eps x = (x - fromInteger (round x)) ~~ eps
almostIntegerC :: RealFrac a => a -> Complex a -> Bool
almostIntegerC eps z = almostInteger eps (realPart z) && (imagPart z) ~~ eps
Testing
tests = all (== True)
[ isInteger (5 :: Integer)
, isInteger (5.0 :: Decimal)
, isInteger (-5 :: Integer)
, isInteger (0 :: Decimal)
, isInteger (-2.1e120 :: Double)
, isInteger (5 % 1 :: Rational)
, isInteger (4 % 2 :: Rational)
, isInteger (5 :+ 0 :: Complex Integer)
, isInteger (5.0 :+ 0.0 :: Complex Decimal)
, isInteger (6 % 3 :+ 0 :: Complex Rational)
, isInteger (1/0 :: Double) -- Infinity is integer
, isInteger (1.1/0 :: Double) -- Infinity is integer
, not $ isInteger (5.01 :: Decimal)
, not $ isInteger (-5e-2 :: Double)
, not $ isInteger (5 % 3 :: Rational)
, not $ isInteger (5 :+ 1 :: Complex Integer)
, not $ isInteger (6 % 4 :+ 0 :: Complex Rational)
, not $ isInteger (5.0 :+ 1.0 :: Complex Decimal)
, almostInteger 0.01 2.001
, almostInteger 0.01 (-1.999999)
, almostInteger (1 % 10) (24 % 23)
, not $ almostInteger 0.01 2.02
, almostIntegerC 0.001 (5.999999 :+ 0.000001)
]
Possible use
Effective definition of Pithagorean triangles:
pithagoreanTriangles :: [[Integer]]
pithagoreanTriangles =
[ [a, b, round c] | b <- [1..]
, a <- [1..b]
, let c = sqrt (fromInteger (a^2 + b^2))
, isInteger (c :: Double) ]
λ> take 7 pithagoreanTriangles [[3,4,5],[6,8,10],[5,12,13],[9,12,15],[8,15,17],[12,16,20],[15,20,25]] λ> pithagoreanTriangles !! 1000 [726,968,1210] λ> head $ filter ((> 1000). sum) pithagoreanTriangles [297,304,425]
J
Solution:
isInt =: (= <.) *. (= {.@+.)
Alternative solution (remainder after diving by 1?):
isInt=: (0 = 1&|) *. (0 = {:@+.)
Example:
isInt 3.14 7 1.4j0 4j0 5j3 5r3 6r3
0 1 0 1 0 0 1
Java
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;
public class TestIntegerness {
private static boolean isLong(double d) {
return isLong(d, 0.0);
}
private static boolean isLong(double d, double tolerance) {
return (d - Math.floor(d)) <= tolerance || (Math.ceil(d) - d) <= tolerance;
}
@SuppressWarnings("ResultOfMethodCallIgnored")
private static boolean isBigInteger(BigDecimal bd) {
try {
bd.toBigIntegerExact();
return true;
} catch (ArithmeticException ex) {
return false;
}
}
private static class Rational {
long num;
long denom;
Rational(int num, int denom) {
this.num = num;
this.denom = denom;
}
boolean isLong() {
return num % denom == 0;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("%s/%s", num, denom);
}
}
private static class Complex {
double real;
double imag;
Complex(double real, double imag) {
this.real = real;
this.imag = imag;
}
boolean isLong() {
return TestIntegerness.isLong(real) && imag == 0.0;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
if (imag >= 0.0) {
return String.format("%s + %si", real, imag);
}
return String.format("%s - %si", real, imag);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Double> da = List.of(25.000000, 24.999999, 25.000100);
for (Double d : da) {
boolean exact = isLong(d);
System.out.printf("%.6f is %s integer%n", d, exact ? "an" : "not an");
}
System.out.println();
double tolerance = 0.00001;
System.out.printf("With a tolerance of %.5f:%n", tolerance);
for (Double d : da) {
boolean fuzzy = isLong(d, tolerance);
System.out.printf("%.6f is %s integer%n", d, fuzzy ? "an" : "not an");
}
System.out.println();
List<Double> fa = List.of(-2.1e120, -5e-2, Double.NaN, Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
for (Double f : fa) {
boolean exact = !f.isNaN() && !f.isInfinite() && isBigInteger(new BigDecimal(f.toString()));
System.out.printf("%s is %s integer%n", f, exact ? "an" : "not an");
}
System.out.println();
List<Complex> ca = List.of(new Complex(5.0, 0.0), new Complex(5.0, -5.0));
for (Complex c : ca) {
boolean exact = c.isLong();
System.out.printf("%s is %s integer%n", c, exact ? "an" : "not an");
}
System.out.println();
List<Rational> ra = List.of(new Rational(24, 8), new Rational(-5, 1), new Rational(17, 2));
for (Rational r : ra) {
boolean exact = r.isLong();
System.out.printf("%s is %s integer%n", r, exact ? "an" : "not an");
}
}
}
- Output:
25.000000 is an integer 24.999999 is not an integer 25.000100 is not an integer With a tolerance of 0.00001: 25.000000 is an integer 24.999999 is an integer 25.000100 is not an integer -2.1E120 is an integer -0.05 is not an integer NaN is not an integer Infinity is not an integer 5.0 + 0.0i is an integer 5.0 - -5.0i is not an integer 24/8 is an integer -5/1 is an integer 17/2 is not an integer
jq
jq does not have builtin support for complex numbers or rationals, but in conformity with the Rosetta Code page Arithmetic/Complex#jq, we shall assume in the following that the complex number x+iy has been identified with the array [x,y]. To illustrate how the task can be solved for rationals, we shall also identify the rational numbers p/q with JSON objects that have the form: {"type": "rational", "p": p, "q": q}.
def is_integral:
if type == "number" then . == floor
elif type == "array" then
length == 2 and .[1] == 0 and (.[0] | is_integral)
else type == "object"
and .type == "rational"
and .q != 0
and (.q | is_integral)
and ((.p / .q) | is_integral)
end ;Example:
(
0, -1, [3,0], {"p": 4, "q": 2, "type": "rational"},
1.1, -1.1, [3,1], {"p": 5, "q": 2, "type": "rational"}
) | "\(.) => \(if is_integral then "integral" else "" end)"- Output:
$ jq -r -n -f is_integral.jq
0 => integral
-1 => integral
[3,0] => integral
{"p":4,"q":2,"type":"rational"} => integral
1.1 =>
-1.1 =>
[3,1] =>
{"p":5,"q":2,"type":"rational"} =>
Julia
# v0.6.0
@show isinteger(25.000000)
@show isinteger(24.999999)
@show isinteger(25.000100)
@show isinteger(-2.1e120)
@show isinteger(-5e-2)
@show isinteger(NaN)
@show isinteger(Inf)
@show isinteger(complex(5.0, 0.0))
@show isinteger(complex(5, 5))
- Output:
isinteger(25.0) = true isinteger(24.999999) = false isinteger(25.0001) = false isinteger(-2.1e120) = true isinteger(-0.05) = false isinteger(NaN) = false isinteger(Inf) = false isinteger(complex(5.0, 0.0)) = true isinteger(complex(5, 5)) = false
Kotlin
As Kotlin doesn't have built in rational or complex number classes, we create 'bare bones' classes for the purposes of this task:
// version 1.1.2
import java.math.BigInteger
import java.math.BigDecimal
fun Double.isLong(tolerance: Double = 0.0) =
(this - Math.floor(this)) <= tolerance || (Math.ceil(this) - this) <= tolerance
fun BigDecimal.isBigInteger() =
try {
this.toBigIntegerExact()
true
}
catch (ex: ArithmeticException) {
false
}
class Rational(val num: Long, val denom: Long) {
fun isLong() = num % denom == 0L
override fun toString() = "$num/$denom"
}
class Complex(val real: Double, val imag: Double) {
fun isLong() = real.isLong() && imag == 0.0
override fun toString() =
if (imag >= 0.0)
"$real + ${imag}i"
else
"$real - ${-imag}i"
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val da = doubleArrayOf(25.000000, 24.999999, 25.000100)
for (d in da) {
val exact = d.isLong()
println("${"%.6f".format(d)} is ${if (exact) "an" else "not an"} integer")
}
val tolerance = 0.00001
println("\nWith a tolerance of ${"%.5f".format(tolerance)}:")
for (d in da) {
val fuzzy = d.isLong(tolerance)
println("${"%.6f".format(d)} is ${if (fuzzy) "an" else "not an"} integer")
}
println()
val fa = doubleArrayOf(-2.1e120, -5e-2, Double.NaN, Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
for (f in fa) {
val exact = if (f.isNaN() || f.isInfinite()) false
else BigDecimal(f.toString()).isBigInteger()
println("$f is ${if (exact) "an" else "not an"} integer")
}
println()
val ca = arrayOf(Complex(5.0, 0.0), Complex(5.0, -5.0))
for (c in ca) {
val exact = c.isLong()
println("$c is ${if (exact) "an" else "not an"} integer")
}
println()
val ra = arrayOf(Rational(24, 8), Rational(-5, 1), Rational(17, 2))
for (r in ra) {
val exact = r.isLong()
println("$r is ${if (exact) "an" else "not an"} integer")
}
}
- Output:
25.000000 is an integer 24.999999 is not an integer 25.000100 is not an integer With a tolerance of 0.00001: 25.000000 is an integer 24.999999 is an integer 25.000100 is not an integer -2.1E120 is an integer -0.05 is not an integer NaN is not an integer Infinity is not an integer 5.0 + 0.0i is an integer 5.0 - 5.0i is not an integer 24/8 is an integer -5/1 is an integer 17/2 is not an integer
Lua
function isInt (x) return type(x) == "number" and x == math.floor(x) end
print("Value\tInteger?")
print("=====\t========")
local testCases = {2, 0, -1, 3.5, "String!", true}
for _, input in pairs(testCases) do print(input, isInt(input)) end
- Output:
Value Integer? ===== ======== 2 true 0 true -1 true 3.5 false String! false true false
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
The built-in function IntegerQ performs the required test
IntegerQ /@ {E, 2.4, 7, 9/2}
- Output:
{False,False,True,False}
Nim
A taxonomy of Nim number types:
- – SomeInteger: integer types, signed or unsigned, 8,16,32,or 64 bits
- – SomeFloat: floating point, 32 or 64 bits
- – SomeNumber: SomeInteger or SomeFloat
- – Rational: rational type; a numerator and denominator, of any (identical) SomeInteger type
- – Complex: complex type; real and imaginary of any (identical) SomeFloat type
import complex, rationals, math, fenv, sugar
func isInteger[T: Complex | Rational | SomeNumber](x: T; tolerance = 0f64): bool =
when T is Complex:
x.im == 0 and x.re.isInteger
elif T is Rational:
x.dup(reduce).den == 1
elif T is SomeFloat:
ceil(x) - x <= tolerance
elif T is SomeInteger:
true
# Floats.
assert not NaN.isInteger
assert not INF.isInteger # Indeed, "ceil(INF) - INF" is NaN.
assert not (-5e-2).isInteger
assert (-2.1e120).isInteger
assert 25.0.isInteger
assert not 24.999999.isInteger
assert 24.999999.isInteger(tolerance = 0.00001)
assert not (1f64 + epsilon(float64)).isInteger
assert not (1f32 - epsilon(float32)).isInteger
# Rationals.
assert not (5 // 3).isInteger
assert (9 // 3).isInteger
assert (-143 // 13).isInteger
# Unsigned integers.
assert 3u.isInteger
# Complex numbers.
assert not (1.0 + im 1.0).isInteger
assert (5.0 + im 0.0).isInteger
ooRexx
/* REXX ---------------------------------------------------------------
* 22.06.2014 Walter Pachl using a complex data class
* ooRexx Distribution contains an elaborate complex class
* parts of which are used here
* see REXX for Extra Credit implementation
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
Numeric Digits 1000
Call test_integer .complex~new(1e+12,0e-3)
Call test_integer .complex~new(3.14)
Call test_integer .complex~new(1.00000)
Call test_integer .complex~new(33)
Call test_integer .complex~new(999999999)
Call test_integer .complex~new(99999999999)
Call test_integer .complex~new(1e272)
Call test_integer .complex~new(0)
Call test_integer .complex~new(1.000,-3)
Call test_integer .complex~new(1.000,-3.3)
Call test_integer .complex~new(,4)
Call test_integer .complex~new(2.00000000,+0)
Call test_integer .complex~new(,0)
Call test_integer .complex~new(333)
Call test_integer .complex~new(-1,-1)
Call test_integer .complex~new(1,1)
Call test_integer .complex~new(,.00)
Call test_integer .complex~new(,1)
Call test_integer .complex~new(0003,00.0)
Exit
test_integer:
Use Arg cpx
cpxa=left(changestr('+-',cpx,'-'),13) -- beautify representation
Select
When cpx~imaginary<>0 Then
Say cpxa 'is not an integer'
When datatype(cpx~real,'W') Then
Say cpxa 'is an integer'
Otherwise
Say cpxa 'is not an integer'
End
Return
::class complex
::method init /* initialize a complex number */
expose real imaginary /* expose the state data */
use Strict arg first=0, second=0 /* access the two numbers */
real = first + 0 /* force rounding */
imaginary = second + 0 /* force rounding on the second */
::method real /* return real part of a complex */
expose real /* access the state information */
return real /* return that value */
::method imaginary /* return imaginary part */
expose imaginary /* access the state information */
return imaginary /* return the value */
::method string /* format as a string value */
expose real imaginary /* get the state info */
return real'+'imaginary'i' /* format as real+imaginaryi */
output
1E+12+0i is an integer 3.14+0i is not an integer 1.00000+0i is an integer 33+0i is an integer 999999999+0i is an integer 1.00000000E+1 is an integer 1E+272+0i is an integer 0+0i is an integer 1.000-3i is not an integer 1.000-3.3i is not an integer 0+4i is not an integer 2.00000000+0i is an integer 0+0i is an integer 333+0i is an integer -1-1i is not an integer 1+1i is not an integer 0+0i is an integer 0+1i is not an integer 3+0i is an integer
PARI/GP
The operator == does what we want here, comparing a number mathematically regardless of how it's stored. === checks literal equivalence instead.
isInteger(z)=real(z)==real(z)\1 && imag(z)==imag(z)\1;
apply(isInteger, [7, I, 1.7 + I, 10.0 + I, 1.0 - 7.0 * I])- Output:
%1 = [1, 1, 0, 1, 1]
Perl
use Math::Complex;
sub is_int {
my $number = shift;
if (ref $number eq 'Math::Complex') {
return 0 if $number->Im != 0;
$number = $number->Re;
}
return int($number) == $number;
}
for (5, 4.1, sqrt(2), sqrt(4), 1.1e10, 3.0-0.0*i, 4-3*i, 5.6+0*i) {
printf "%20s is%s an integer\n", $_, (is_int($_) ? "" : " NOT");
}
- Output:
5 is an integer
4.1 is NOT an integer
1.4142135623731 is NOT an integer
2 is an integer
11000000000 is an integer
3 is an integer
4-3i is NOT an integer
5.6 is NOT an integer
Pascal
Within Pascal’s dogma, the programmer is not supposed to be concerned about internal memory representation of specific values. Pascal teaches you to program without making any presumptions about the underlying system. That also means, you cannot properly inspect numeric properties beyond maxInt and maxReal.
program integerness(output);
{ determines whether a `complex` also fits in `integer` ---------------- }
function isRealIntegral(protected x: complex): Boolean;
begin
{ It constitutes an error if no value for `trunc(x)` exists, }
{ thus check re(x) is in the range -maxInt..maxInt first. }
isRealIntegral := (im(x) = 0.0) and_then
(abs(re(x)) <= maxInt * 1.0) and_then
(trunc(re(x)) * 1.0 = re(x))
end;
{ calls isRealIntegral with zero imaginary part ------------------------ }
function isIntegral(protected x: real): Boolean;
begin
isIntegral := isRealIntegral(cmplx(x * 1.0, 0.0))
end;
{ Rosetta code test ---------------------------------------------------- }
procedure test(protected x: complex);
begin
writeLn(re(x), ' + ', im(x), ' 𝒾 : ',
isIntegral(re(x)), ' ', isRealIntegral(x))
end;
{ === MAIN ============================================================= }
begin
test(cmplx(25.0, 0.0));
test(cmplx(24.999999, 0.0));
test(cmplx(25.000100, 0.0));
test(cmplx(-2.1E120, 0.0));
test(cmplx(-5E-2, 0.0));
test(cmplx(5.0, 0.0));
test(cmplx(5, -5));
end.
- Output:
2.500000000000000e+01 + 0.000000000000000e+00 𝒾 : True True 2.499999900000000e+01 + 0.000000000000000e+00 𝒾 : False False 2.500010000000000e+01 + 0.000000000000000e+00 𝒾 : False False -2.100000000000000e+120 + 0.000000000000000e+00 𝒾 : False False -5.000000000000000e-02 + 0.000000000000000e+00 𝒾 : False False 5.000000000000000e+00 + 0.000000000000000e+00 𝒾 : True True 5.000000000000000e+00 + -5.000000000000000e+00 𝒾 : True False
Note that the program fails on the test case -2.1E120. The utilized trunc function only works if a truncated integer value does exist.
Phix
In most cases the builtin works pretty well, with Phix automatically storing integer results as such.
?integer(3.5+3.5) -- true ?integer(3.5+3.4) -- false
The round function takes an inverted precision, so 1000000 means to the nearest 0.000001 and 100000 means the nearest 0.00001
?integer(round(24.999999,1000000)) -- false ?integer(round(24.999999,100000)) -- true
By default the inverted precision of round is 1, and that does exactly what you'd expect.
?equal(-2.1e120,round(-2.1e120)) -- true ?equal(-2.15,round(-2.15)) -- false
Technically though, -2.1e120 is way past precision limits, as next, so declaring it integer is deeply flawed... It is not only way too big to fit in an integer, but also simply too big to actually have a fractional part. Obviously using bigatoms would "solve" this, as long as I was prepared to wait for it to wade through the 120+ digits of precision needed, that is compared to the mere 19 or so that the raw physical hardware can manage.
?equal(-2.1e120,-2.1e120+PI) -- true!!
Phix considers both nan and inf as not an integer, and does not support complex numbers (as a primitive type, though there is a builtins/complex.e, not an autoinclude). Two final examples:
?integer(-5e-2) -- false ?integer(25.000000) -- true
PicoLisp
Pico Lisp scaled fixed-point numbers. Every number is stored an an Integer and a Non-integer only relative to the scale applied. For this example we assume that all numbers are generated with the same scale. This is the common case.
(de int? (N)
(= N (* 1.0 (/ N 1.0)))) #returns T or NIL
(de integer? (N)
(and (= N (* 1.0 (/ N 1.0))) N)) #returns value of N or NIL
(scl 4) #-> 4 # *Scl the global which holds
1.0 #-> 10000
(int? 1.0) #-> T
(int? 1) #-> NIL # 1 with a scale of 4 is same as 0.0001 which is not an Integer
(int? -1.0) #-> T
(int? -0.0) #-> T
(int? "RE") #-> "RE" -- Number expected
(int? (*/ 2.0 1.0 3.0)) #-> NIL # 6667 is not an integer of the scale of 4, use of */ because of the scalePowerShell
function Test-Integer ($Number)
{
try
{
$Number = [System.Numerics.Complex]$Number
if (($Number.Real -eq [int]$Number.Real) -and ($Number.Imaginary -eq 0))
{
return $true
}
else
{
return $false
}
}
catch
{
Write-Host "Parameter was not a number."
}
}
Test-Integer 9
Test-Integer 9.9
Test-Integer (New-Object System.Numerics.Complex(14,0))
Test-Integer (New-Object System.Numerics.Complex(14,56))
Test-Integer "abc"
- Output:
True False True False Parameter was not a number.
Python
>>> def isint(f):
return complex(f).imag == 0 and complex(f).real.is_integer()
>>> [isint(f) for f in (1.0, 2, (3.0+0.0j), 4.1, (3+4j), (5.6+0j))]
[True, True, True, False, False, False]
>>> # Test cases
...
>>> isint(25.000000)
True
>>> isint(24.999999)
False
>>> isint(25.000100)
False
>>> isint(-2.1e120)
True
>>> isint(-5e-2)
False
>>> isint(float('nan'))
False
>>> isint(float('inf'))
False
>>> isint(5.0+0.0j)
True
>>> isint(5-5j)
False
Quackery
Quackery uses bignums ("numbers" in the Quackery nomenclature) and comes with a bignum rational ("vulgars") arithmetic library. Quackery does not differentiate between two numbers on the stack and one vulgar. v-is-num returns true (1) if the top two numbers on the stack can be interpreted as a vulgar with no fractional component, and false (0) otherwise.
approxint is the extra credit version. Tolerance is specified to a number of decimal places.
[ $ "bigrat.qky" loadfile ] now!
[ mod not ] is v-is-num ( n/d --> b )
[ 1+ dip [ proper rot drop ]
10 swap ** round v-is-num ] is approxint ( n/d n --> b )- Output:
Testing in the Quackery shell.
/O> $ "25.000000" $->v drop v-is-num iff [ say "true" ] else [ say "false" ] cr ... $ "24.999999" $->v drop v-is-num iff [ say "true" ] else [ say "false" ] cr ... $ "25.000100" $->v drop v-is-num iff [ say "true" ] else [ say "false" ] cr ... true false false Stack empty. /O> $ "25.000000" $->v drop 3 approxint iff [ say "true" ] else [ say "false" ] cr ... $ "24.999999" $->v drop 3 approxint iff [ say "true" ] else [ say "false" ] cr ... $ "25.000100" $->v drop 3 approxint iff [ say "true" ] else [ say "false" ] cr ... true true false Stack empty.
Racket
The scheme/racket number pyramid is notoriously difficult to navigate. The following are integers representations that *I* know of, but I'm sure there are plenty more!
See documentation for integer?
#lang racket
(require tests/eli-tester)
(test ;; known representations of integers:
;; - as exacts
(integer? -1) => #t
(integer? 0) => #t
(integer? 1) => #t
(integer? 1234879378539875943875937598379587539875498792424323432432343242423432432) => #t
(integer? -1234879378539875943875937598379587539875498792424323432432343242423432432) => #t
(integer? #xff) => #t
;; - as inexacts
(integer? -1.) => #t
(integer? 0.) => #t
(integer? 1.) => #t
(integer? 1234879378539875943875937598379587539875498792424323432432343242423432432.) => #t
(integer? #xff.0) => #t
;; - but without a decimal fractional part
(integer? -1.1) => #f
;; - fractional representation
(integer? -42/3) => #t
(integer? 0/1) => #t
(integer? 27/9) => #t
(integer? #xff/f) => #t
(integer? #b11111111/1111) => #t
;; - but obviously not fractions
(integer? 5/7) => #f
; - as scientific
(integer? 1.23e2) => #t
(integer? 1.23e120) => #t
; - but not with a small exponent
(integer? 1.23e1) => #f
; - complex representations with 0 imaginary component
; ℤ is a subset of the sets of rational and /real/ numbers and
(integer? 1+0i) => #t
(integer? (sqr 0+1i)) => #t
(integer? 0+1i) => #f
;; oh, there's so much else that isn't an integer:
(integer? "woo") => #f
(integer? "100") => #f
(integer? (string->number "22/11")) => #t ; just cast it!
(integer? +inf.0) => #f
(integer? -inf.0) => #f
(integer? +nan.0) => #f ; duh! it's not even a number!
(integer? -NaN.0) => #f
(integer? pi) => #f
)
All tests pass.
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
In Raku, all numeric types have a method called narrow, which returns an object with the same value but of the most appropriate type. So we can just check if that object is an Int. This works even with floats with large exponents, because the Int type supports arbitrarily large integers.
For the extra credit task, we can add another multi candidate that checks the distance between the number and it's nearest integer, but then we'll have to handle complex numbers specially.
multi is-int ($n) { $n.narrow ~~ Int }
multi is-int ($n, :$tolerance!) {
abs($n.round - $n) <= $tolerance
}
multi is-int (Complex $n, :$tolerance!) {
is-int($n.re, :$tolerance) && abs($n.im) < $tolerance
}
# Testing:
for 25.000000, 24.999999, 25.000100, -2.1e120, -5e-2, Inf, NaN, 5.0+0.0i, 5-5i {
printf "%-7s %-9s %-5s %-5s\n", .^name, $_,
is-int($_),
is-int($_, :tolerance<0.00001>);
}
- Output:
Rat 25 True True Rat 24.999999 False True Rat 25.0001 False False Num -2.1e+120 True True Num -0.05 False False Num Inf False False Num NaN False False Complex 5+0i True True Complex 5-5i False False
REXX
version 1
/* REXX ---------------------------------------------------------------
* 20.06.2014 Walter Pachl
* 22.06.2014 WP add complex numbers such as 13-12j etc.
* (using 13e-12 or so is not (yet) supported)
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
Call test_integer 3.14
Call test_integer 1.00000
Call test_integer 33
Call test_integer 999999999
Call test_integer 99999999999
Call test_integer 1e272
Call test_integer 'AA'
Call test_integer '0'
Call test_integer '1.000-3i'
Call test_integer '1.000-3.3i'
Call test_integer '4j'
Call test_integer '2.00000000+0j'
Call test_integer '0j'
Call test_integer '333'
Call test_integer '-1-i'
Call test_integer '1+i'
Call test_integer '.00i'
Call test_integer 'j'
Call test_integer '0003-00.0j'
Exit
test_integer:
Parse Arg xx
Numeric Digits 1000
Parse Value parse_number(xx) With x imag
If imag<>0 Then Do
Say left(xx,13) 'is not an integer (imaginary part is not zero)'
Return
End
Select
When datatype(x)<>'NUM' Then
Say left(xx,13) 'is not an integer (not even a number)'
Otherwise Do
If datatype(x,'W') Then
Say left(xx,13) 'is an integer'
Else
Say left(xx,13) 'isn''t an integer'
End
End
Return
parse_number: Procedure
Parse Upper Arg x
x=translate(x,'I','J')
If pos('I',x)>0 Then Do
pi=verify(x,'+-','M')
Select
When pi>1 Then Do
real=left(x,pi-1)
imag=substr(x,pi)
End
When pi=0 Then Do
real=0
imag=x
End
Otherwise /*pi=1*/Do
p2=verify(substr(x,2),'+-','M')
If p2>0 Then Do
real=left(x,p2)
imag=substr(x,p2+1)
End
Else Do
real=0
imag=x
End
End
End
End
Else Do
real=x
imag='0I'
End
pi=verify(imag,'+-','M')
If pi=0 Then Do
Parse Var imag imag_v 'I'
imag_sign='+'
End
Else
Parse Var imag imag_sign 2 imag_v 'I'
If imag_v='' Then
imag_v=1
imag=imag_sign||imag_v
Return real imag
output
3.14 isn't an integer 1.00000 is an integer 33 is an integer 999999999 is an integer 99999999999 is an integer 1E272 is an integer AA is not an integer (not even a number) 0 is an integer 1.000-3i is not an integer (imaginary part is not zero) 1.000-3.3i is not an integer (imaginary part is not zero) 4j is not an integer (imaginary part is not zero) 2.00000000+0j is an integer 0j is an integer 333 is an integer -1-i is not an integer (imaginary part is not zero) 1+i is not an integer (imaginary part is not zero) .00i is an integer j is not an integer (imaginary part is not zero) 0003-00.0j is an integer
version 1a Extra Credit
/* REXX ---------------------------------------------------------------
* Extra credit
* Instead of using the datatype built-in function one could use this
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
Call testi 25.000000
Call testi 24.999999
Call testi 25.000100
Call testi 0.9999999
Call testi -0.9999999
Exit
testi:
Parse Arg x
If pos('.',x)>0 Then Do
xx=abs(x)
Parse Value abs(xx) With '.' d
d5=left(d,5,0)
End
Else d5=''
If d5='' | wordpos(d5,'00000 99999')>0 Then
Say x 'is an integer'
Else
Say x 'isn''t an integer'
Return
- Output:
25.000000 is an integer 24.999999 is an integer 25.000100 isn't an integer 0.9999999 is an integer -0.9999999 is an integer
version 2
This REXX version handles an exponent indicator of E, D, or Q (either lower or uppercase), and
it also supports a trailing I or J imaginary indicator.
(E, D, and Q indicate an exponent for a single precision, double precision, and quad precision numbers, respectively.)
This version also handles numbers larger than can be stored (within REXX) as simple integers within the limits of numeric digits.
Also, most REXXes have a limit on the minimum/maximum value of the power in exponentiated numbers.
/*REXX program tests if a number (possibly complex) is equivalent to an integer. */
numeric digits 3000 /*be able to handle gihugic integers. */
parse arg #s /*obtain optional numbers list from CL.*/
if #s='' then #s= '3.14 1.00000 33 999999999 99999999999 1e272 AA 0' ,
'1.000-3i 1.000-3.3i 4j 2.00000000+0j 0j 333 -1-i' ,
'1+i .00i j 0003-00.0j 1.2d1 2e55666 +0003-00.0j +0j' ,
'-.3q+2 -0i +03.0e+01+0.00e+20j -030.0e-001+0.0e-020j'
/* [↑] use these numbers for defaults.*/
do j=1 for words(#s); ox=word(#s, j) /*obtain a number from the numbers list*/
parse upper var ox x /*obtain an uppercase version of OX. */
x=translate(x, 'EEI', "QDJ") /*translate exponent and imag indicator*/
if right(x, 1)=='I' then call tImag /*has the X number an imaginary part?*/
if isInt(x) then say right(ox, 55) " is an integer." /*yuppers, it does. */
else say right(ox, 55) " isn't an integer." /*noppers, it doesn't*/
end /*j*/ /* [↑] process each number in the list*/
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
isInt: procedure; parse arg n /*obtain the number in question. */
if datatype(n, 'Whole') then return 1 /*it's a simple integer (small). */
parse var n m 'E' p /*separate base from the 10's power. */
if \datatype(p, 'Numb') then return 0 /*Not an integer if P not an integer.*/
return p>0 | m=0 /*is power>0 or mantissa = zero? */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
isSign: parse arg ? 2; return ?=='+' | ?=="-" /*a method to test for a leading sign. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
tImag: x=left(x, length(x) -1) /*strip the trailing I or J from number*/
if isInt(x) then do /*is what's remaining an integer ? */
if x\=0 then x=. /*what's remaining isn't equal to zero.*/
return /*return to invoker in either case. */
end /* [↑] handle simple imaginary case. */
if isSign(x) then x=substr(x, 2) /*X has a sign? Strip the leading sign*/
e=verify(x, .0123456789) /*find 1st char not a digit or a dot. */
if e==0 then do; x=.; return; end /*Nothing? Then it's not an integer. */
y=substr(x, e, 1) /*Y is the suspect character. */
if isSign(y) then do /*is suspect character a plus or minus?*/
z=substr(x, e+1) /*obtain the imaginary part of X. */
x= left(x, e-1) /* " " real " " " */
if isInt(z) then if z=0 then return /*imaginary part is 0*/
x=. /*the imaginary part isn't zero. */
end /* [↑] end of imaginary part of X. */
if y\=='E' then return /*real part of X doesn't have an expon.*/
p=substr(x, e+1) /*obtain power of real part of X. */
_= left(p, 1) /*obtain the possible sign of the power*/
if isSign(_) then p=substr(p, 2) /*strip the sign from the exponent. */
s=verify(p, '-+', "M") /*is there an imaginary separator char?*/
if s==0 then do; x=.; return; end /*No sign? Then isn't not an integer.*/
z=substr(p, s+1) /*obtain the the imaginary part of X. */
x= left(x, e+s) /* " " " real " " " */
if isInt(z) then if z\=0 then x=. /*Not imaginary part=0? Not an integer.*/
return /*return to the invoker of this sub. */
- output when using the default inputs:
3.14 isn't an integer.
1.00000 is an integer.
33 is an integer.
999999999 is an integer.
99999999999 is an integer.
1e272 is an integer.
AA isn't an integer.
0 is an integer.
1.000-3i isn't an integer.
1.000-3.3i isn't an integer.
4j isn't an integer.
2.00000000+0j is an integer.
0j is an integer.
333 is an integer.
-1-i isn't an integer.
1+i isn't an integer.
.00i is an integer.
j isn't an integer.
0003-00.0j is an integer.
1.2d1 is an integer.
2e55666 is an integer.
+0003-00.0j is an integer.
+0j is an integer.
-.3q+2 is an integer.
-0i is an integer.
+03.0e+01+0.00e+20j is an integer.
-030.0e-001+0.0e-020j is an integer.
version 3
This REXX version is the same as the 2nd version, but it also supports multiple (abutted) unary operators.
I.E.: ++30e-1 - +0j
would be considered an integer (extra blanks were added to show the number with more clarity).
/*REXX program tests if a number (possibly complex) is equivalent to an integer. */
numeric digits 3000 /*be able to handle gihugic integers. */
unaB= '++ -- -+ +-' /*a list of unary operators.*/
unaA= '+ + - -' /*" " " translated " " */
parse arg #s /*obtain optional numbers list from CL.*/
if #s='' then #s= '245+-00.0e-12i 245++++++0e+12j --3450d-1----0.0d-1j' ,
'4.5e11111222223333344444555556666677777888889999900'
/* [↑] use these numbers for defaults.*/
do j=1 for words(#s); ox=word(#s, j) /*obtain a number from the numbers list*/
parse upper var ox x /*obtain an uppercase version of OX. */
x=translate(x, 'EEJ', "QDI") /*translate exponent and imag indicator*/
do k=1 for words(unaB) /*process every possible unary operator*/
_=word(unaB, k) /*a unary operator to be changed, maybe*/
do while pos(_, x) \== 0 /*keep changing until no more are left.*/
x=changestr(_, x, word(unaA, k) ) /*reduce all unary operators (if any).*/
end /*while*/
end /*k*/
if right(x, 1)=='J' then call tImag /*has the X number an imaginary part?*/
if isInt(x) then say right(ox, 55) " is an integer." /*yuppers, it does. */
else say right(ox, 55) " isn't an integer." /*noppers, it doesn't*/
end /*j*/ /* [↑] process each number in the list*/
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
isInt: procedure; parse arg n /*obtain the number in question. */
if datatype(n, 'Whole') then return 1 /*it's a simple integer (small). */
parse var n m 'E' p /*separate base from the 10's power. */
if \datatype(p, 'Numb') then return 0 /*Not an integer if P not an integer.*/
return p>0 | m=0 /*is power>0 or mantissa = zero? */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
isSign: parse arg ? 2; return ?=='+' | ?=="-" /*a method to test for a leading sign. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
tImag: x=left(x, length(x) -1) /*strip the trailing I or J from number*/
if isInt(x) then do /*is what's remaining an integer ? */
if x\=0 then x=. /*what's remaining isn't equal to zero.*/
return /*return to invoker in either case. */
end /* [↑] handle simple imaginary case. */
if isSign(x) then x=substr(x, 2) /*X has a sign? Strip the leading sign*/
e=verify(x, .0123456789) /*find 1st char not a digit or a dot. */
if e==0 then do; x=.; return; end /*Nothing? Then it's not an integer. */
y=substr(x, e, 1) /*Y is the suspect character. */
if isSign(y) then do /*is suspect character a plus or minus?*/
z=substr(x, e+1) /*obtain the imaginary part of X. */
x= left(x, e-1) /* " " real " " " */
if isInt(z) then if z=0 then return /*imaginary part is 0*/
x=. /*the imaginary part isn't zero. */
end /* [↑] end of imaginary part of X. */
if y\=='E' then return /*real part of X doesn't have an expon.*/
p=substr(x, e+1) /*obtain power of real part of X. */
_= left(p, 1) /*obtain the possible sign of the power*/
if isSign(_) then p=substr(p, 2) /*strip the sign from the exponent. */
s=verify(p, '-+', "M") /*is there an imaginary separator char?*/
if s==0 then do; x=.; return; end /*No sign? Then isn't not an integer.*/
z=substr(p, s+1) /*obtain the the imaginary part of X. */
x= left(x, e+s) /* " " " real " " " */
if isInt(z) then if z\=0 then x=. /*Not imaginary part=0? Not an integer.*/
return /*return to the invoker of this sub. */
- output when using the default inputs:
245+-00.0e-12i is an integer.
245++++++0e+12j isn't an integer.
--3450d-1----0.0d-1j is an integer.
4.5e11111222223333344444555556666677777888889999900 is an integer.
Ruby
Testing for integerness of floats, rationals and complex numbers:
class Numeric
def to_i?
self == self.to_i rescue false
end
end
# Demo
ar = [25.000000, 24.999999, 25.000100, -2.1e120, -5e-2, # Floats
Float::NAN, Float::INFINITY, # more Floats
2r, 2.5r, # Rationals
2+0i, 2+0.0i, 5-5i] # Complexes
ar.each{|num| puts "#{num} integer? #{num.to_i?}" }
- Output:
25.0 integer? true 24.999999 integer? false 25.0001 integer? false -2.1e+120 integer? true -0.05 integer? false NaN integer? false Infinity integer? false 2/1 integer? true 5/2 integer? false 2+0i integer? true 2+0.0i integer? false 5-5i integer? false
Ruby considers 2+0.0i to be inexact and raises an exception when the to_i method attempts to convert it to an integer. 2+0i is considered exact and converts to integer.
Scheme
The Racket solution covers tests for integer? with the different numbers, and these all apply to Scheme.
Examples:
sash[r7rs]> (integer? 1) #t sash[r7rs]> (integer? 2/3) #f sash[r7rs]> (integer? 4/2) #t sash[r7rs]> (integer? 1+3i) #f sash[r7rs]> (integer? 1+0i) #t sash[r7rs]> (exact? 3.0) #f sash[r7rs]> (integer? 3.0) #t sash[r7rs]> (integer? 3.5) #f sash[r7rs]> (integer? 1.23e3) #t sash[r7rs]> (integer? 1.23e1) #f sash[r7rs]> (integer? 1e120) #t
Sidef
func is_int (n, tolerance=0) {
!!(abs(n.real.round + n.imag - n) <= tolerance)
}
%w(25.000000 24.999999 25.000100 -2.1e120 -5e-2 Inf NaN 5.0+0.0i 5-5i).each {|s|
var n = Number(s)
printf("%-10s %-8s %-5s\n", s,
is_int(n),
is_int(n, tolerance: 0.00001))
}
- Output:
25.000000 true true 24.999999 false true 25.000100 false false -2.1e120 true true -5e-2 false false Inf false false NaN false false 5.0+0.0i true true 5-5i false false
Tcl
The simplest way is to test whether the value is (numerically) equal to itself cast as an integer. entier() performs this cast without imposing any word-size limits (as int() or wide() would).
proc isNumberIntegral {x} {
expr {$x == entier($x)}
}
# test with various kinds of numbers:
foreach x {1e100 3.14 7 1.000000000000001 1000000000000000000000 -22.7 -123.000} {
puts [format "%s: %s" $x [expr {[isNumberIntegral $x] ? "yes" : "no"}]]
}
- Output:
1e100: yes 3.14: no 7: yes 1.000000000000001: no 1000000000000000000000: yes -22.7: no -123.000: yes
Note that 1.0000000000000001 will pass this integer test, because its difference from 1.0 is beyond the precision of an IEEE binary64 float. This discrepancy will be visible in other languages, but perhaps more obvious in Tcl as such a value's string representation will persist:
% set a 1.0000000000000001
1.0000000000000001
% expr $a
1.0
% IsNumberIntegral $a
1
% puts $a
1.0000000000000001
compare Python:
>>> a = 1.0000000000000001
>>> a
1.0
>>> 1.0 == 1.0000000000000001
True
.. this is a fairly benign illustration of why comparing floating point values with == is usually a bad idea.
Wren
The -2e120 example requires the use of BigRat to reliably determine whether it's an integer or not. Although the Num class can deal with numbers of this size and correctly identifies it as an integer, it would do the same if (say) 0.5 were added to it because integer determination is only reliable up to around 15 digits.
import "./big" for BigRat
import "./complex" for Complex
import "./rat" for Rat
import "./fmt" for Fmt
var tests1 = [25.000000, 24.999999, 25.000100]
var tests2 = ["-2.1e120"]
var tests3 = [-5e-2, 0/0, 1/0]
var tests4 = [Complex.fromString("5.0+0.0i"), Complex.fromString("5-5i")]
var tests5 = [Rat.new(24, 8), Rat.new(-5, 1), Rat.new(17, 2)]
var tests6 = tests1 + [-5e-2]
System.print("Using exact arithmetic:\n")
for (t in tests1) {
Fmt.print(" $-9.6f is integer? $s", t, t.isInteger)
}
System.print()
for (t in tests2) {
Fmt.print(" $-9s is integer? $s", t, BigRat.new(t, 1).isInteger)
}
for (t in tests3) {
Fmt.print(" $-9.6f is integer? $s", t, t.isInteger)
}
System.print()
for (t in tests4) {
Fmt.print(" $-9s is integer? $s", t, t.isRealInteger)
}
System.print()
for (t in tests5) {
Fmt.print(" $-9s is integer? $s", t, t.isInteger)
}
System.print("\nWithin a tolerance of 0.00001:\n")
var tol = 0.00001
for (t in tests6) {
var d = (t - t.round).abs
Fmt.print(" $9.6f is integer? $s", t, d <= tol)
}
- Output:
Using exact arithmetic: 25.000000 is integer? true 24.999999 is integer? false 25.000100 is integer? false -2.1e120 is integer? true -0.050000 is integer? false nan is integer? false infinity is integer? false 5 + 0i is integer? true 5 - 5i is integer? false 3/1 is integer? true -5/1 is integer? true 17/2 is integer? false Within a tolerance of 0.00001: 25.000000 is integer? true 24.999999 is integer? true 25.000100 is integer? false -0.050000 is integer? false
XPL0
XPL0 has two data types: signed 32-bit integer and 8-byte real represented by the processor's FPU (normally IEEE 754 double format). This test program fails by stating that -2e10 is not an integer. However, it is not an XPL0 integer that can be represented by a 32-bit signed value.
real R;
[Format(20, 20);
repeat R:= RlIn(0);
RlOut(0, R);
Text(0, if R = float(fix(R)) then " is integer"
else " is not integer");
CrLf(0);
until R = 0.;
]- Output:
25.000000 25.00000000000000000000 is integer 24.999999 24.99999900000000000000 is not integer 24.9999999999999999 25.00000000000000000000 is integer 25.00001 25.00001000000000000000 is not integer -2e9 -2000000000.00000000000000000000 is integer -2e10 -20000000000.00000000000000000000 is not integer -5e-1 -0.50000000000000000000 is not integer 0 0.00000000000000000000 is integer
zkl
No complex type.
T(1, 2.0,4.1,"nope",self).apply((1).isType)- Output:
L(True,False,False,False,False)
All is not golden as BigInts (lib GMP) don't consider themselves to be integers so the above test would fail. For that case:
fcn isInt(x){ try{x==x.toInt()}catch{False}}
var BN=Import("zklBigNum");
T(1, 2.0,4.1,"nope",self,BN(5)).apply(isInt);- Output:
L(True,True,False,False,False,True)
Note that the first float is now considered to have an integer equivalent.
- Programming Tasks
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