Array concatenation
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- Task
Show how to concatenate two arrays in your language.
If this is as simple as array1 + array2, so be it.
ACL2
This is for lists, not arrays; ACL2's array support is limited. <lang Lisp>(append xs ys)</lang>
ActionScript
<lang ActionScript>var array1:Array = new Array(1, 2, 3); var array2:Array = new Array(4, 5, 6); var array3:Array = array1.concat(array2); //[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]</lang>
Ada
In Ada arrays are concatenated using the operation &. It works with any one dimensioned array: <lang Ada>type T is array (Positive range <>) of Integer; X : T := (1, 2, 3); Y : T := X & (4, 5, 6); -- Concatenate X and (4, 5, 6)</lang>
ALGOL 68
Includes operators for appending and prefixing an array to an existing flexible array: <lang Algol68>MODE ARGTYPE = INT; MODE ARGLIST = FLEX[0]ARGTYPE;
OP + = (ARGLIST a, b)ARGLIST: (
[LWB a:UPB a - LWB a + 1 + UPB b - LWB b + 1 ]ARGTYPE out; ( out[LWB a:UPB a]:=a, out[UPB a+1:]:=b ); out
);
- Append #
OP +:= = (REF ARGLIST lhs, ARGLIST rhs)ARGLIST: lhs := lhs + rhs; OP PLUSAB = (REF ARGLIST lhs, ARGLIST rhs)ARGLIST: lhs := lhs + rhs;
- Prefix #
OP +=: = (ARGLIST lhs, REF ARGLIST rhs)ARGLIST: rhs := lhs + rhs; OP PLUSTO = (ARGLIST lhs, REF ARGLIST rhs)ARGLIST: rhs := lhs + rhs;
ARGLIST a := (1,2),
b := (3,4,5);
print(("a + b",a + b, new line));
VOID(a +:= b); print(("a +:= b", a, new line));
VOID(a +=: b); print(("a +=: b", b, new line))</lang>
a + b +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 a +:= b +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 a +=: b +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +3 +4 +5
ALGOL W
Algol W does not allow procedures to return arrays and has no mechanism for procedures to find the bounds of their parameters, so the caller must supply an array to concatenate into and the bounds of the arrays. <lang algolw>begin
integer array a ( 1 :: 5 ); integer array b ( 2 :: 4 ); integer array c ( 1 :: 8 );
% concatenates the arrays a and b into c %
% the lower and upper bounds of each array must be specified in %
% the corresponding *Lb and *Ub parameters %
procedure arrayConcatenate ( integer array a ( * )
; integer value aLb, aUb
; integer array b ( * )
; integer value bLb, bUb
; integer array c ( * )
; integer value cLb, cUb
) ;
begin
integer cPos;
assert( ( cUb - cLb ) + 1 >= ( ( aUb + bUb ) - ( aLb + bLb ) ) - 2 );
cPos := cLb;
for aPos := aLb until aUb do begin
c( cPos ) := a( aPos );
cPos := cPos + 1
end for_aPos ;
for bPos := bLb until bUb do begin
c( cPos ) := b( bPos );
cPos := cPos + 1
end for_bPos
end arrayConcatenate ;
% test arrayConcatenate % for aPos := 1 until 5 do a( aPos ) := aPos; for bPos := 2 until 4 do b( bPos ) := - bPos; arrayConcatenate( a, 1, 5, b, 2, 4, c, 1, 8 ); for cPos := 1 until 8 do writeon( i_w := 1, s_w := 1, c( cPos ) )
end.</lang>
- Output:
1 2 3 4 5 -2 -3 -4
AntLang
<lang AntLang>a:<1; <2; 3>> b: <"Hello"; 42> c: a,b</lang>
APL
<lang apl>
1 2 3 , 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 </lang>
Apex
<lang apex>List<String> listA = new List<String> { 'apple' }; List<String> listB = new List<String> { 'banana' }; listA.addAll(listB); System.debug(listA); // Prints (apple, banana)</lang>
AppleScript
<lang AppleScript> set listA to {1, 2, 3} set listB to {4, 5, 6} return listA & listB </lang>
- Output:
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Or, if we treat the concatenation of two lists as a special case of the more general problem of concatenating N lists, we can write:
<lang applescript>on run
concat([["alpha", "beta", "gamma"], ¬ ["delta", "epsilon", "zeta"], ¬ ["eta", "theta", "iota"]])
end run
-- concat :: a -> [a]
on concat(xxs)
set lst to {}
repeat with xs in xxs
set lst to lst & xs
end repeat
return lst
end concat
</lang>
- Output:
{"alpha", "beta", "gamma", "delta", "epsilon", "zeta", "eta", "theta", "iota"}
AutoHotkey
True Arrays
<lang AHK>List1 := [1, 2, 3] List2 := [4, 5, 6] cList := Arr_concatenate(List1, List2) MsgBox % Arr_disp(cList) ; [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Arr_concatenate(p*) {
res := Object()
For each, obj in p
For each, value in obj
res.Insert(value)
return res
}
Arr_disp(arr) {
for each, value in arr
res .= ", " value
return "[" SubStr(res, 3) "]"
}</lang>
Legacy versions
AutoHotkey_Basic does not have real Arrays, but the user can implement them quite easily. For example: <lang AutoHotkey>List1 = 1,2,3 List2 = 4,5,6
List2Array(List1 , "Array1_") List2Array(List2 , "Array2_")
ConcatArrays("Array1_", "Array2_", "MyArray") MsgBox, % Array2List("MyArray")
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ConcatArrays(A1, A2, A3) { ; concatenates the arrays A1 and A2 to A3
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
local i := 0
%A3%0 := %A1%0 + %A2%0
Loop, % %A1%0
i++, %A3%%i% := %A1%%A_Index%
Loop, % %A2%0
i++, %A3%%i% := %A2%%A_Index%
}
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
List2Array(List, Array) { ; creates an array from a comma separated list
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
global StringSplit, %Array%, List, `,
}
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Array2List(Array) { ; returns a comma separated list from an array
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loop, % %Array%0
List .= (A_Index = 1 ? "" : ",") %Array%%A_Index%
Return, List
}</lang> Message box shows:
1,2,3,4,5,6
AutoIt
_ArrayConcatenate is a standard function in Autoit, there´s no need to write it on your own
<lang AutoIt> _ArrayConcatenate($avArray, $avArray2) Func _ArrayConcatenate(ByRef $avArrayTarget, Const ByRef $avArraySource, $iStart = 0) If Not IsArray($avArrayTarget) Then Return SetError(1, 0, 0) If Not IsArray($avArraySource) Then Return SetError(2, 0, 0) If UBound($avArrayTarget, 0) <> 1 Then If UBound($avArraySource, 0) <> 1 Then Return SetError(5, 0, 0) Return SetError(3, 0, 0) EndIf If UBound($avArraySource, 0) <> 1 Then Return SetError(4, 0, 0)
Local $iUBoundTarget = UBound($avArrayTarget) - $iStart, $iUBoundSource = UBound($avArraySource) ReDim $avArrayTarget[$iUBoundTarget + $iUBoundSource] For $i = $iStart To $iUBoundSource - 1 $avArrayTarget[$iUBoundTarget + $i] = $avArraySource[$i] Next
Return $iUBoundTarget + $iUBoundSource EndFunc ;==>_ArrayConcatenate </lang>
AWK
<lang AWK>#!/usr/bin/awk -f BEGIN {
split("cul-de-sac",a,"-")
split("1-2-3",b,"-")
concat_array(a,b,c)
for (i in c) {
print i,c[i]
}
}
function concat_array(a,b,c) {
for (i in a) {
c[++nc]=a[i]
}
for (i in b) {
c[++nc]=b[i]
}
}</lang>
Babel
<lang babel>[1 2 3] [4 5 6] cat ;</lang>
- Output:
[val 0x1 0x2 0x3 0x4 0x5 0x6 ]
bash
<lang bash>x=("1 2" "3 4") y=(5 6) sum=( "${x[@]}" "${y[@]}" )
for i in "${sum[@]}" ; do echo "$i" ; done 1 2 3 4 5 6</lang>
BASIC
BaCon
<lang freebasic>' Array concatenation OPTION BASE 1
CONST asize = 2 CONST bsize = 3 DECLARE a[asize] TYPE NUMBER DECLARE b[bsize] TYPE NUMBER
' BaCon has no array concatenation builtin, it will need to be done by hand LOCAL c TYPE NUMBER ARRAY asize + bsize FOR i = 1 TO asize
c[i] = a[i]
NEXT
FOR i = 1 TO bsize
c[asize + i] = b[i]
NEXT</lang>
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> DIM a(3), b(4)
a() = 1, 2, 3, 4
b() = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
PROCconcat(a(), b(), c())
FOR i% = 0 TO DIM(c(),1)
PRINT c(i%)
NEXT
END
DEF PROCconcat(a(), b(), RETURN c())
LOCAL s%, na%, nb%
s% = ^a(1) - ^a(0) : REM Size of each array element
na% = DIM(a(),1)+1 : REM Number of elements in a()
nb% = DIM(b(),1)+1 : REM Number of elements in b()
DIM c(na%+nb%-1)
SYS "RtlMoveMemory", ^c(0), ^a(0), s%*na%
SYS "RtlMoveMemory", ^c(na%), ^b(0), s%*nb%
ENDPROC</lang>
Commodore BASIC
(Based on ZX Spectrum BASIC version) <lang basic>10 X=4 : Y=5 20 DIM A(X) : DIM B(Y) : DIM C(X+Y) 30 FOR I=1 TO X 40 : A(I) = I 50 NEXT 60 FOR I=1 TO Y 70 : B(I) = I*10 80 NEXT 90 FOR I=1 TO X 100 : C(I) = A(I) 110 NEXT 120 FOR I=1 TO Y 130 : C(X+I) = B(I) 140 NEXT 150 FOR I=1 TO X+Y 160 : PRINT C(I); 170 NEXT</lang>
Bracmat
Bracmat concatenates lists composed with the comma, space, addition and multiplication operators. Furthermore, lists composed with the addition and multiplication operators are canonically sorted and like terms or factors are combined algebraically. Lists composed with the space operator automatically delete any elements with zero-length atoms and no prefixes. All these lists except the comma-separated list support a notion of 'array index', but as the underlying datastructure is a linked list and not an array, accessing, say, the millionth element can be slow. Examples of concatenation (entered on the Bracmat command line):
{?} (a,b,c,d,e),(n,m)
{!} a,b,c,d,e,n,m
{?} (a,m,y),(b,n,y,z)
{!} a,m,y,b,n,y,z
{?} (a m y) (b n y z)
{!} a m y b n y z
{?} (a+m+y)+(b+n+y+z)
{!} a+b+m+n+2*y+z
{?} (a*m*y)*(b*n*y*z)
{!} a*b*m*n*y^2*z
Concatenate three lists and split the concatenated list using a position operator:
{?} (a b c d) (e f g h) (i j k):?A [7 ?Z
{!} a b c d e f g h i j k
{?} !A
{!} a b c d e f g
{?} !Z
{!} h i j k
Burlesque
<lang burlesque> blsq ) {1 2 3}{4 5 6}_+ {1 2 3 4 5 6} </lang>
C
A way to concatenate two C arrays when you know their size (and usually so it is) <lang c>#include <stdlib.h>
- include <stdio.h>
- include <string.h>
- define ARRAY_CONCAT(TYPE, A, An, B, Bn) \
(TYPE *)array_concat((const void *)(A), (An), (const void *)(B), (Bn), sizeof(TYPE));
void *array_concat(const void *a, size_t an,
const void *b, size_t bn, size_t s)
{
char *p = malloc(s * (an + bn)); memcpy(p, a, an*s); memcpy(p + an*s, b, bn*s); return p;
}
// testing const int a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; const int b[] = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 };
int main(void) {
unsigned int i;
int *c = ARRAY_CONCAT(int, a, 5, b, 5);
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
printf("%d\n", c[i]);
free(c); return EXIT_SUCCCESS;
}</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>#include <vector>
- include <iostream>
int main() {
std::vector<int> a(3), b(4); a[0] = 11; a[1] = 12; a[2] = 13; b[0] = 21; b[1] = 22; b[2] = 23; b[3] = 24;
a.insert(a.end(), b.begin(), b.end());
for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i) std::cout << "a[" << i << "] = " << a[i] << "\n";
}</lang>
Similar to above but using initialization schematics.
<lang cpp>#include <vector>
- include <iostream>
int main() {
std::vector<int> a {1, 2, 3, 4};
std::vector<int> b {5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
a.insert(a.end(), b.begin(), b.end());
for(int& i: a) std::cout << i << " "; std::cout << std::endl; return 0;
}</lang>
This is another solution with generics and pointers.
<lang cpp>#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T1, typename T2> int* concatArrays( T1& array_1, T2& array_2) {
int arrayCount_1 = sizeof(array_1) / sizeof(array_1[0]); int arrayCount_2 = sizeof(array_2) / sizeof(array_2[0]); int newArraySize = arrayCount_1 + arrayCount_2;
int *p = new int[newArraySize];
for (int i = 0; i < arrayCount_1; i++) {
p[i] = array_1[i];
}
for (int i = arrayCount_1; i < newArraySize; i++) {
int newIndex = i-arrayCount_2; p[i] = array_2[--newIndex];
}
return p;
}
int main() {
int ary[4] = {1, 2, 3, 123};
int anotherAry[3] = {4, 5, 6};
int *r = concatArrays(ary, anotherAry);
cout << *(r + 0) << endl; cout << *(r + 1) << endl; cout << *(r + 2) << endl; cout << *(r + 3) << endl; cout << *(r + 4) << endl; cout << *(r + 5) << endl; cout << *(r + 6) << endl;
delete r;
return 0;
}</lang>
C#
<lang csharp>using System;
namespace RosettaCode {
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] a = { 1, 2, 3 };
int[] b = { 4, 5, 6 };
int[] c = new int[a.Length + b.Length];
a.CopyTo(c, 0);
b.CopyTo(c, a.Length);
foreach(int n in c)
{
Console.WriteLine(n.ToString());
}
}
}
}</lang>
Alternatively, using LINQ extension methods:
<lang csharp>using System.Linq;
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] a = { 1, 2, 3 };
int[] b = { 4, 5, 6 };
int[] c = a.Concat(b).ToArray(); }
}</lang>
Ceylon
<lang ceylon>shared void arrayConcatenation() { value a = Array {1, 2, 3}; value b = Array {4, 5, 6}; value c = concatenate(a, b); print(c); }</lang>
Clojure
<lang clojure>(concat [1 2 3] [4 5 6])</lang> The inputs can be any collection, including Java arrays, and returns a lazy sequence of the elements.
A vector is the closest Clojure thing to an array. If a vector is wanted, then use <lang clojure>(into [1 2 3] [4 5 6])</lang>
COBOL
<lang COBOL> identification division.
program-id. array-concat.
environment division.
configuration section.
repository.
function all intrinsic.
data division.
working-storage section.
01 table-one.
05 int-field pic 999 occurs 0 to 5 depending on t1.
01 table-two.
05 int-field pic 9(4) occurs 0 to 10 depending on t2.
77 t1 pic 99.
77 t2 pic 99.
77 show pic z(4).
procedure division.
array-concat-main.
perform initialize-tables
perform concatenate-tables
perform display-result
goback.
initialize-tables.
move 4 to t1
perform varying tally from 1 by 1 until tally > t1
compute int-field of table-one(tally) = tally * 3
end-perform
move 3 to t2
perform varying tally from 1 by 1 until tally > t2
compute int-field of table-two(tally) = tally * 6
end-perform
.
concatenate-tables.
perform varying tally from 1 by 1 until tally > t1
add 1 to t2
move int-field of table-one(tally)
to int-field of table-two(t2)
end-perform
.
display-result.
perform varying tally from 1 by 1 until tally = t2
move int-field of table-two(tally) to show
display trim(show) ", " with no advancing
end-perform
move int-field of table-two(tally) to show
display trim(show)
.
end program array-concat.</lang>
- Output:
prompt$ cobc -xjd array-concatenation.cob 6, 12, 18, 3, 6, 9, 12
CoffeeScript
<lang coffeescript>
- like in JavaScript
a = [1, 2, 3] b = [4, 5, 6] c = a.concat b </lang>
Common Lisp
concatenate is a general function for concatenating any type of sequence. It takes the type of sequence to produce, followed by any number of sequences of any type.
<lang lisp>(concatenate 'vector #(0 1 2 3) #(4 5 6 7))
=> #(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7)</lang>
Component Pascal
BlackBox Component Builder <lang oberon2> MODULE ArrayConcat; IMPORT StdLog;
PROCEDURE Concat(x: ARRAY OF INTEGER; y: ARRAY OF INTEGER; OUT z: ARRAY OF INTEGER); VAR i: INTEGER; BEGIN ASSERT(LEN(x) + LEN(y) <= LEN(z)); FOR i := 0 TO LEN(x) - 1 DO z[i] := x[i] END; FOR i := 0 TO LEN(y) - 1 DO z[i + LEN(x)] := y[i] END END Concat;
PROCEDURE Concat2(x: ARRAY OF INTEGER;y: ARRAY OF INTEGER): POINTER TO ARRAY OF INTEGER; VAR z: POINTER TO ARRAY OF INTEGER; i: INTEGER; BEGIN NEW(z,LEN(x) + LEN(y)); FOR i := 0 TO LEN(x) - 1 DO z[i] := x[i] END; FOR i := 0 TO LEN(y) - 1 DO z[i + LEN(x)] := y[i] END; RETURN z; END Concat2;
PROCEDURE ShowArray(x: ARRAY OF INTEGER); VAR i: INTEGER; BEGIN i := 0; StdLog.Char('['); WHILE (i < LEN(x)) DO StdLog.Int(x[i]);IF i < LEN(x) - 1 THEN StdLog.Char(',') END; INC(i) END; StdLog.Char(']');StdLog.Ln; END ShowArray;
PROCEDURE Do*; VAR x: ARRAY 10 OF INTEGER; y: ARRAY 15 OF INTEGER; z: ARRAY 25 OF INTEGER; w: POINTER TO ARRAY OF INTEGER; i: INTEGER; BEGIN FOR i := 0 TO LEN(x) - 1 DO x[i] := i END; FOR i := 0 TO LEN(y) - 1 DO y[i] := i END; Concat(x,y,z);StdLog.String("1> ");ShowArray(z);
NEW(w,LEN(x) + LEN(y)); Concat(x,y,z);StdLog.String("2:> ");ShowArray(z);
StdLog.String("3:> ");ShowArray(Concat2(x,y)); END Do;
END ArrayConcat.
</lang>
Execute: ^Q ArrayConcat.Do
- Output:
1> [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14] 2:> [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14] 3:> [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
D
<lang d>import std.stdio: writeln;
void main() {
int[] a = [1, 2]; int[] b = [4, 5, 6]; writeln(a, " ~ ", b, " = ", a ~ b);
}</lang>
- Output:
[1, 2] ~ [4, 5, 6] = [1, 2, 4, 5, 6]
Delphi
<lang delphi>type
TReturnArray = array of integer; //you need to define a type to be able to return it
function ConcatArray(a1,a2:array of integer):TReturnArray; var
i,r:integer;
begin
{ Low(array) is not necessarily 0 }
SetLength(result,High(a1)-Low(a1)+High(a2)-Low(a2)+2); //BAD idea to set a length you won't release, just to show the idea!
r:=0; //index on the result may be different to indexes on the sources
for i := Low(a1) to High(a1) do begin
result[r] := a1[i];
Inc(r);
end;
for i := Low(a2) to High(a2) do begin
result[r] := a2[i];
Inc(r);
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var
a1,a2:array of integer; r1:array of integer; i:integer;
begin
SetLength(a1,4); SetLength(a2,3); for i := Low(a1) to High(a1) do a1[i] := i; for i := Low(a2) to High(a2) do a2[i] := i; TReturnArray(r1) := ConcatArray(a1,a2); for i := Low(r1) to High(r1) do showMessage(IntToStr(r1[i])); Finalize(r1); //IMPORTANT! ShowMessage(IntToStr(High(r1)));
end;</lang>
E
<lang e>? [1,2] + [3,4]
- value: [1, 2, 3, 4]</lang>
EchoLisp
The native operators are append for lists, and vector-append for vectors (1-dim arrays). <lang scheme>
- VECTORS
(vector-append (make-vector 6 42) (make-vector 4 666))
→ #( 42 42 42 42 42 42 666 666 666 666)
- LISTS
(append (iota 5) (iota 6))
→ (0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5)
- NB - append may also be used with sequences (lazy lists)
(lib 'sequences)
(take (append [1 .. 7] [7 6 .. 0]) #:all) → (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1)
</lang>
ECL
<lang>
A := [1, 2, 3, 4]; B := [5, 6, 7, 8];
C := A + B;</lang>
Efene
using the ++ operator and the lists.append function
<lang efene> @public run = fn () {
A = [1, 2, 3, 4] B = [5, 6, 7, 8]
C = A ++ B D = lists.append([A, B])
io.format("~p~n", [C])
io.format("~p~n", [D])
}</lang>
EGL
<lang EGL> program ArrayConcatenation
function main()
a int[] = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
b int[] = [ 4, 5, 6 ]; c int[]; c.appendAll(a); c.appendAll(b);
for (i int from 1 to c.getSize()) SysLib.writeStdout("Element " :: i :: " = " :: c[i]); end
end
end </lang>
Ela
<lang ela>xs = [1,2,3] ys = [4,5,6] xs ++ ys</lang>
- Output:
[1,2,3,4,5,6]
Elena
ELENA 3.x : <lang elena>import extensions.
program = [
var a := (1,2,3). var b := (4,5).
console printLine:"(":a:") + (":b:") = (":(a + b):")"; readChar
].</lang>
Elixir
<lang elixir>iex(1)> [1, 2, 3] ++ [4, 5, 6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] iex(2)> Enum.concat([[1, [2], 3], [4], [5, 6]]) [1, [2], 3, 4, 5, 6] iex(3)> Enum.concat([1..3, [4,5,6], 7..9]) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]</lang>
Elm
<lang elm>import Element exposing (show, toHtml) -- elm-package install evancz/elm-graphics import Html.App exposing (beginnerProgram) import Array exposing (Array, append, initialize)
xs : Array Int
xs =
initialize 3 identity -- [0, 1, 2]
ys : Array Int ys =
initialize 3 <| (+) 3 -- [3, 4, 5]
main = beginnerProgram { model = ()
, view = \_ -> toHtml (show (append xs ys))
, update = \_ _ -> ()
}
-- Array.fromList [0,1,2,3,4,5]</lang>
Emacs Lisp
The vconcat function returns a new array containing all the elements of it's arguments.
<lang lisp>(vconcat '[1 2 3] '[4 5] '[6 7 8 9]) => [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]</lang>
Erlang
In erlang, you can use the ++ operator or lists:append, which is implemented via ++.
On the shell, <lang erlang> 1> [1, 2, 3] ++ [4, 5, 6]. [1,2,3,4,5,6] 2> lists:append([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]). [1,2,3,4,5,6] 3> </lang>
ERRE
<lang> PROGRAM ARRAY_CONCAT
DIM A[5],B[5],C[10]
! ! for rosettacode.org !
BEGIN
DATA(1,2,3,4,5) DATA(6,7,8,9,0)
FOR I=1 TO 5 DO ! read array A[.] READ(A[I]) END FOR FOR I=1 TO 5 DO ! read array B[.] READ(B[I]) END FOR
FOR I=1 TO 10 DO ! append B[.] to A[.]
IF I>5 THEN
C[I]=B[I-5]
ELSE
C[I]=A[I]
END IF
PRINT(C[I];) ! print single C value
END FOR
END PROGRAM </lang>
Euphoria
<lang Euphoria>sequence s1,s2,s3 s1 = {1,2,3} s2 = {4,5,6} s3 = s1 & s2 ? s3</lang>
- Output:
{1,2,3,4,5,6}
F#
Array concatenation. <lang fsharp>let a = [|1; 2; 3|] let b = [|4; 5; 6;|] let c = Array.append a b</lang> List concatenation (@ and List.append are equivalent). <lang fsharp>let x = [1; 2; 3] let y = [4; 5; 6] let z1 = x @ y let z2 = List.append x y</lang>
FBSL
Array concatenation: <lang qbasic>#APPTYPE CONSOLE
DIM aint[] ={1, 2, 3}, astr[] ={"one", "two", "three"}, asng[] ={!1, !2, !3}
FOREACH DIM e IN ARRAYMERGE(aint, astr, asng) PRINT e, " "; NEXT
PAUSE</lang>
- Output:
1 2 3 one two three 1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 Press any key to continue...
Factor
<lang factor>append</lang>
Example: <lang factor>( scratchpad ) USE: sequences ( scratchpad ) { 1 2 } { 3 4 } append . { 1 2 3 4 }</lang>
Fantom
In fansh:
<lang fantom> > a := [1,2,3] > b := [4,5,6] > a.addAll(b) > a [1,2,3,4,5,6] </lang>
Note 'addAll' is destructive. Write 'a.dup.addAll(b)' to create a fresh list.
Forth
<lang Forth>: $!+ ( a u a' -- a'+u )
2dup + >r swap move r> ;
- cat ( a2 u2 a1 u1 -- a3 u1+u2 )
align here dup >r $!+ $!+ r> tuck - dup allot ;
\ TEST create a1 1 , 2 , 3 , create a2 4 , 5 , a2 2 cells a1 3 cells cat dump
8018425F0: 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 - 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 801842600: 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 - 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 801842610: 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 - ........ </lang>
Fortran
<lang fortran>program Concat_Arrays implicit none
integer, dimension(3) :: a = [ 1, 2, 3 ] integer, dimension(3) :: b = [ 4, 5, 6 ] integer, dimension(:), allocatable :: c allocate(c(size(a)+size(b))) c(1:size(a)) = a c(size(a)+1:size(a)+size(b)) = b
write(*,*) c
end program Concat_Arrays</lang>
<lang fortran>program Concat_Arrays implicit none
integer, dimension(3) :: a = [ 1, 2, 3 ] integer, dimension(3) :: b = [ 4, 5, 6 ] integer, dimension(:), allocatable :: c c = [a, b]
write(*,*) c
end program Concat_Arrays</lang>
FreeBASIC
<lang freebasic> ' FB 1.05.0 Win64
Sub ConcatArrays(a() As String, b() As String, c() As String)
Dim aSize As Integer = UBound(a) - LBound(a) + 1
Dim bSize As Integer = UBound(b) - LBound(b) + 1
Dim cSize As Integer = aSize + bSize
Redim c(0 To cSize - 1)
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To aSize - 1
c(i) = a(LBound(a) + i)
Next
For i = 0 To bSize - 1
c(UBound(a) + i + 1) = b(LBound(b) + i)
Next
End Sub
Dim a(3) As String = {"The", "quick", "brown", "fox"} Dim b(4) As String = {"jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog"} Dim c() As String ConcatArrays(a(), b(), c()) For i As Integer = LBound(c) To UBound(c)
Print c(i); " ";
Next Print : Print Print "Press any key to quit the program" Sleep </lang>
- Output:
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog
Frink
<lang frink> a = [1,2] b = [3,4] a.pushAll[b] </lang>
FunL
<lang funl>arr1 = array( [1, 2, 3] ) arr2 = array( [4, 5, 6] ) arr3 = array( [7, 8, 9] )
println( arr1 + arr2 + arr3 )</lang>
- Output:
ArraySeq(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Futhark
Array concatenation is done with the built-in function concat, which can take any number of arguments:
<lang Futhark> concat as bs cd </lang>
GAP
<lang gap># Concatenate arrays Concatenation([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]);
- [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]
- Append to a variable
a := [1, 2, 3]; Append(a, [4, 5, 6); Append(a, [7, 8, 9]); a;
- [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]</lang>
Go
<lang go>package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// Example 1: Idiomatic in Go is use of the append function.
// Elements must be of identical type.
a := []int{1, 2, 3}
b := []int{7, 12, 60} // these are technically slices, not arrays
c := append(a, b...)
fmt.Println(c)
// Example 2: Polymorphism.
// interface{} is a type too, one that can reference values of any type.
// This allows a sort of polymorphic list.
i := []interface{}{1, 2, 3}
j := []interface{}{"Crosby", "Stills", "Nash", "Young"}
k := append(i, j...) // append will allocate as needed
fmt.Println(k)
// Example 3: Arrays, not slices.
// A word like "array" on RC often means "whatever array means in your
// language." In Go, the common role of "array" is usually filled by
// Go slices, as in examples 1 and 2. If by "array" you really mean
// "Go array," then you have to do a little extra work. The best
// technique is almost always to create slices on the arrays and then
// use the copy function.
l := [...]int{1, 2, 3}
m := [...]int{7, 12, 60} // arrays have constant size set at compile time
var n [len(l) + len(m)]int
copy(n[:], l[:]) // [:] creates a slice that references the entire array
copy(n[len(l):], m[:])
fmt.Println(n)
}</lang>
- Output:
[1 2 3 7 12 60] [1 2 3 Crosby Stills Nash Young] [1 2 3 7 12 60]
Array concatenation needs can vary. Here is another set of examples that illustrate different techniques. <lang go>package main
import (
"reflect" "fmt"
)
// Generic version // Easier to make the generic version accept any number of arguments, // and loop trough them. Otherwise there will be lots of code duplication. func ArrayConcat(arrays ...interface{}) interface{} {
if len(arrays) == 0 {
panic("Need at least one arguemnt")
}
var vals = make([]*reflect.SliceValue, len(arrays))
var arrtype *reflect.SliceType
var totalsize int
for i,a := range arrays {
v := reflect.NewValue(a)
switch t := v.Type().(type) {
case *reflect.SliceType:
if arrtype == nil {
arrtype = t
} else if t != arrtype {
panic("Unequal types")
}
vals[i] = v.(*reflect.SliceValue)
totalsize += vals[i].Len()
default: panic("not a slice")
}
}
ret := reflect.MakeSlice(arrtype,totalsize,totalsize)
targ := ret
for _,v := range vals {
reflect.Copy(targ, v)
targ = targ.Slice(v.Len(),targ.Len())
}
return ret.Interface()
}
// Type specific version func ArrayConcatInts(a, b []int) []int {
ret := make([]int, len(a) + len(b)) copy(ret, a) copy(ret[len(a):], b) return ret
}
func main() {
test1_a, test1_b := []int{1,2,3}, []int{4,5,6}
test1_c := ArrayConcatInts(test1_a, test1_b)
fmt.Println(test1_a, " + ", test1_b, " = ", test1_c)
test2_a, test2_b := []string{"a","b","c"}, []string{"d","e","f"}
test2_c := ArrayConcat(test2_a, test2_b).([]string)
fmt.Println(test2_a, " + ", test2_b, " = ", test2_c)
}</lang>
- Output:
[1 2 3] + [4 5 6] = [1 2 3 4 5 6] [a b c] + [d e f] = [a b c d e f]
Gosu
<lang gosu> var listA = { 1, 2, 3 } var listB = { 4, 5, 6 }
var listC = listA.concat( listB )
print( listC ) // prints [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] </lang>
Groovy
Solution: <lang groovy>def list = [1, 2, 3] + ["Crosby", "Stills", "Nash", "Young"]</lang>
Test: <lang groovy>println list</lang>
- Output:
[1, 2, 3, Crosby, Stills, Nash, Young]
Haskell
A list is in Haskell one of the most common composite data types (constructed from other types). In the documentation we read for the append operation ++: <lang haskell>(++) :: [a] -> [a] -> [a]</lang>
Append two lists, i.e.:
[x1, ..., xm] ++ [y1, ..., yn] == [x1, ..., xm, y1, ..., yn] [x1, ..., xm] ++ [y1, ...] == [x1, ..., xm, y1, ...]
If the first list is not finite, the result is the first list.
HicEst
<lang HicEst>REAL :: a(7), b(3), c(10)
c = a DO i = 1, LEN(b)
c(i + LEN(a)) = b(i)
ENDDO</lang>
Hy
<lang hy>=> (setv a [1 2 3]) => a [1, 2, 3]
=> (+ a [4 5 6]) ; returns the concatenation [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] => a [1, 2, 3]
=> (.extend a [7 8 9]) ; modifies the list in place => a [1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9]
=> (+ [1 2] [3 4] [5 6]) ; can accept multiple arguments [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]</lang>
I
<lang i>software { var a = [1, 2, 3] var b = [4, 5, 6]
print(a + b) }</lang>
Icon and Unicon
Both languages have list concatenation built in. Lists are fully dynamic arrays which can be truncated or extended at either end. <lang icon> procedure main()
L1 := [1, 2, 3, 4] L2 := [11, 12, 13, 14] L3 := L1 ||| L2
sep := ""
every writes(sep, !L3) do
sep := ", "
write()
end </lang>
IDL
Array concatenation can mean different things, depending on the number of dimensions of the arguments and the result. In the simplest case, with 1-dimensional arrays to begin with, there are two obvious ways to concatenate them. If my arrays are these: <lang IDL>
> a = [1,2,3]
> b = [4,5,6]
> help,a
A INT = Array[3]
> help,b
B INT = Array[3]
> print,a
1 2 3
> print,b
4 5 6
</lang> Then they can be concatenated "at the ends": <lang IDL>
> help,[a,b]
<Expression> INT = Array[6]
> print,[a,b]
1 2 3 4 5 6
</lang> or "at the sides": <lang IDL>
> help,[[a],[b]]
<Expression> INT = Array[3, 2]
> print,[[a],[b]]
1 2 3
4 5 6
</lang> Note that this requires that the arrays have the same size at the side at which they are concatenated: <lang IDL>
> b = transpose(b)
> help,b
B INT = Array[1, 3]
> print,b
4
5
6
> print,[a,b]
Unable to concatenate variables because the dimensions do not agree: B.
Execution halted at: $MAIN$
> print,[[a],[b]]
Unable to concatenate variables because the dimensions do not agree: B.
Execution halted at: $MAIN$
</lang> This can get a lot more complicated as a 3x4x5-element three-dimensional array can be concatenated with a 5x2x3-element array at exactly two "surfaces".
Inform 7
<lang inform7>let A be {1, 2, 3}; let B be {4, 5, 6}; add B to A;</lang>
Ioke
<lang ioke>iik> [1,2,3] + [3,2,1] [1,2,3] + [3,2,1] +> [1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1]</lang>
J
Solution: ,
Example: <lang j> array1 =: 1 2 3
array2 =: 4 5 6 array1 , array2
1 2 3 4 5 6</lang>
Of course, in J, array concatenation works (consistently) on arrays of any rank or dimension.
The verb , concatenates by treating the argument array with the largest number of dimensions as a list. Other primary verbs concatenate along other axes.
<lang j> ]ab=: 3 3 $ 'aaabbbccc' aaa bbb ccc
]wx=: 3 3 $ 'wxyz'
wxy zwx yzw
ab , wx
aaa bbb ccc wxy zwx yzw
ab ,. wx
aaawxy bbbzwx cccyzw
ab ,: wx
aaa bbb ccc
wxy zwx yzw
$ ab , wx NB. applies to first (highest) axis
6 3
$ ab ,. wx NB. applies to last (atomic) axis
3 6
$ ab ,: wx NB. applies to new (higher) axis
2 3 3</lang>
Java
From [1]: <lang java5>public static Object[] objArrayConcat(Object[] o1, Object[] o2) {
Object[] ret = new Object[o1.length + o2.length];
System.arraycopy(o1, 0, ret, 0, o1.length); System.arraycopy(o2, 0, ret, o1.length, o2.length); return ret;
}</lang>
Or with Collections simply call addAll:
<lang java5>Collection list1, list2, list1And2;
//...list1 and list2 are instantiated...
list1And2 = new ArrayList(list1); //or any other Collection you want
list1And2.addAll(list2);</lang>
JavaScript
The Array.concat() method returns a new array comprised of this array joined with other array(s) and/or value(s).
<lang javascript>var a = [1,2,3],
b = [4,5,6], c = a.concat(b); //=> [1,2,3,4,5,6]</lang>
Or, if we consider the concatenation of two arrays as a particular instance of the more general problem of concatenating 2 or more arrays, we can write a generic function:
See, for a function with an analogous type signature, concat in the Haskell Prelude.
<lang javascript>(function () {
'use strict';
// concat :: a -> [a] function concat(xs) { return [].concat.apply([], xs); }
return concat(
[["alpha", "beta", "gamma"],
["delta", "epsilon", "zeta"],
["eta", "theta", "iota"]]
);
})();</lang>
- Output:
["alpha", "beta", "gamma", "delta", "epsilon", "zeta", "eta", "theta", "iota"]
jq
If a and b are two arrays, then a+b is their concatenation. Similarly for a+b+c. To concatenate the component arrays of an array, A, the flatten filter is available in recent versions of jq. If your jq does not have flatten, then the task can be accomplished by:
reduce A[] as $a ([]; . + $a)
jq also supports streams, which are somewhat array-like, so it may be worth mentioning that the concatenation of two or more streams can be accomplished using "," instead of "+". <lang jq>[1,2] + [3] + [null] # => [1,2,3,null]
[range(1;3), 3, null] # => [1,2,3,null] </lang>
Julia
<lang julia>a = [1,2,3] b = [4,5,6] ab = [a;b]
- the above bracket notation simply generates a call to vcat
ab = vcat(a,b)
- hcat is short for `horizontal concatenation`
ab = hcat(a,b) #ab -> 3x2 matrix
- the append!(a,b) method is mutating, appending `b` to `a`
append!(a,b) # a now equals [1,2,3,4,5,6]</lang>
K
<lang K>
a: 1 2 3 b: 4 5 6 a,b
1 2 3 4 5 6</lang>
Concatenations on larger dimensions also use ",", often combined with other operations.
<lang K>
ab:3 3#"abcdefghi"
("abc"
"def" "ghi")
dd:3 3#"012345678"
("012"
"345" "678")
ab,dd
("abc"
"def" "ghi" "012" "345" "678")
+ab,dd / flip (transpose) join
("adg036"
"beh147" "cfi258")
ab,'dd / eachpair join
("abc012"
"def345" "ghi678")
+(+ab),dd
("abc036"
"def147" "ghi258")</lang>
Kotlin
There is no operator or standard library function for concatenating Array types. One option is to convert to Collections, concatenate, and convert back:
<lang kotlin>fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val a: Array<Int> = arrayOf(1, 2, 3) // initialise a val b: Array<Int> = arrayOf(4, 5, 6) // initialise b val c: Array<Int> = (a.toList() + b.toList()).toTypedArray() println(c)
}</lang>
Alternatively, we can write our own concatenation function: <lang kotlin>fun arrayConcat(a: Array<Any>, b: Array<Any>): Array<Any> {
return Array(a.size + b.size, { if (it in a.indices) a[it] else b[it - a.size] })
}</lang>
When working directly with Collections, we can simply use the + operator:
<lang kotlin>fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val a: Collection<Int> = listOf(1, 2, 3) // initialise a val b: Collection<Int> = listOf(4, 5, 6) // initialise b val c: Collection<Int> = a + b println(c)
}</lang>
LabVIEW
Use the Build Array function.
This image is a VI Snippet, an executable image of LabVIEW code. The LabVIEW version is shown on the top-right hand corner. You can download it, then drag-and-drop it onto the LabVIEW block diagram from a file browser, and it will appear as runnable, editable code.
Lang5
<lang Lang5>[1 2] [3 4] append collapse .</lang>
Lasso
<lang Lasso> local(arr1 = array(1, 2, 3)) local(arr2 = array(4, 5, 6)) local(arr3 = #arr1->asCopy) // make arr3 a copy of arr2
- arr3->merge(#arr2) // concatenate 2 arrays
Result:
arr1 = array(1, 2, 3) arr2 = array(4, 5, 6) arr3 = array(4, 5, 6) arr3 = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)</lang>
LFE
<lang lisp> > (++ '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) (1 2 3 4 5 6) > (: lists append '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) (1 2 3 4 5 6) </lang>
Liberty BASIC
<lang lb> x=10
y=20 dim array1(x) dim array2(y)
[concatenate]
dim array3(x + y)
for i = 1 to x
array3(i) = array1(i)
next
for i = 1 to y
array3(i + x) = array2(i)
next
[print]
for i = 1 to x + y
print array3(i)
next</lang>
Lingo
<lang lingo>a = [1,2] b = [3,4,5]
repeat with v in b
a.append(v)
end repeat
put a -- [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]</lang>
Little
<lang C>void main() {
int a[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
int b[] = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
int c[] = {(expand)a, (expand)b};
puts(c);
}</lang>
Logo
COMBINE is used to combine lists or words. SENTENCE is used to combine lists and words into a single list. <lang logo> to combine-arrays :a1 :a2
output listtoarray sentence arraytolist :a1 arraytolist :a2
end show combine-arrays {1 2 3} {4 5 6} ; {1 2 3 4 5 6} </lang>
Lua
<lang lua>a = {1, 2, 3} b = {4, 5, 6}
for _, v in pairs(b) do
table.insert(a, v)
end
print(table.concat(a, ", "))</lang>
- Output:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Maple
There is a built-in procedure for concatenating arrays (and similar objects such as matrices or vectors). Arrays can be concatenated along any given dimension, which is specified as the first argument. <lang Maple> > A := Array( [ 1, 2, 3 ] );
A := [1, 2, 3]
> B := Vector['row']( [ sin( x ), cos( x ), tan( x ) ] );
B := [sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)]
> ArrayTools:-Concatenate( 1, A, B ); # stack vertically
[ 1 2 3 ]
[ ]
[sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)]
> ArrayTools:-Concatenate( 2, A, B ); # stack horizontally
[1, 2, 3, sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)]
> M := << a, b, c ; d, e, f >>; # a matrix
[a b c]
M := [ ]
[d e f]
> ArrayTools:-Concatenate( 1, M, A );
[a b c]
[ ]
[d e f]
[ ]
[1 2 3]
</lang> Of course, the order of the arguments is important. <lang Maple> > ArrayTools:-Concatenate( 1, A, M );
[1 2 3]
[ ]
[a b c]
[ ]
[d e f]
</lang> Lists, in Maple, might be considered to be a kind of "array" (in the sense that they look like arrays in memory), though they are actually immutable objects. However, they can be concatenated as follows. <lang Maple> > L1 := [ 1, 2, 3 ];
L1 := [1, 2, 3]
> L2 := [ a, b, c ];
L2 := [a, b, c]
> [ op( L1 ), op( L2 ) ];
[1, 2, 3, a, b, c]
> [ L1[], L2[] ]; # equivalent, just different syntax
[1, 2, 3, a, b, c]
</lang>
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
<lang Mathematica>Join[{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}]
-> {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}</lang>
MATLAB / Octave
Two arrays are concatenated by placing the two arrays between a pair of square brackets. A space between the two array names will concatenate them horizontally, and a semi-colon between array names will concatenate vertically. <lang MATLAB>>> a = [1 2 3]
a =
1 2 3
>> b = [4 5 6]
b =
4 5 6
>> concat = [a b]
concat =
1 2 3 4 5 6
>> concat = [a;b]
concat =
1 2 3
4 5 6</lang>
For multi-dimensional arrays, there is also the function cat(): <lang MATLAB>>> c = randn([3,4,5]); >> d = randn([3,4,7]); >> e = cat(3,c,d); >> size(e)
ans =
3 4 12
</lang>
Maxima
<lang>u: [1, 2, 3, 4]$ v: [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]$ append(u, v); /* [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] */
/* There are also functions for matrices */
a: matrix([6, 1, 8],
[7, 5, 3],
[2, 9, 4])$
addcol(a, ident(3)); /* matrix([6, 1, 8, 1, 0, 0],
[7, 5, 3, 0, 1, 0],
[2, 9, 4, 0, 0, 1]) */
addrow(a, ident(3)); /* matrix([6, 1, 8],
[7, 5, 3],
[2, 9, 4],
[1, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 1]) */</lang>
Mercury
<lang Mercury>A `append` B = C</lang>
It could be "as simple as array1 + array2", but the 'array' module names the operation 'append' rather than '+'. It's tempting to just say that Mercury supports ad-hoc polymorphism - it can infer that a bare '+' refers to 'float.+' or 'int.+' (or that the 'append' above is array.append, rather than list.append), by the types involved - but it also handles other ambiguities in the same way. For instance, Mercury (like Prolog and Erlang) treats the arity of a function as part of its name, where a(1, 2) and a(1) involve the distinct functions a/2 and a/1. But Mercury also (unlike Prolog and Erlang) supports currying, where a(1) is a function that accepts a/2's second argument. So, is [a(X), a(Y), a(Z)] a list of whatever type a/1 evaluates to, or is it a list of curried a/2?
Nemerle
<lang Nemerle>using System.Console; using Nemerle.Collections;
module ArrayCat {
Main() : void
{
def arr1 = array[1, 2, 3]; def arr2 = array[4, 5, 6];
def arr12 = arr1.Append(arr2); // <----
foreach (i in arr12) Write($"$i ");
}
}</lang>
NetRexx
NetRexx arrays are identical to Java's so all the techniques described in the Java section apply to NetRexx too. This example uses the Collection classes to merge two arrays. <lang netrexx>/* NetRexx */ options replace format comments java crossref nobinary
cymru = [ 'Ogof Ffynnon Ddu', 'Ogof Draenen' ]
dlm = '-'.copies(40)
say dlm loop c_ = 0 to cymru.length - 1
say c_ cymru[c_] end c_
yorks = [ 'Malham Tarn Pot', 'Greygill Hole' ]
say dlm loop y_ = 0 to yorks.length - 1
say y_ yorks[y_] end y_
merge = ArrayList() merge.addAll(Arrays.asList(cymru)) merge.addAll(Arrays.asList(yorks))
say dlm merged = merge.toArray() loop m_ = 0 to merged.length - 1
say m_ merged[m_] end m_</lang>
- Output:
---------------------------------------- 0 Ogof Ffynnon Ddu 1 Ogof Draenen ---------------------------------------- 0 Malham Tarn Pot 1 Greygill Hole ---------------------------------------- 0 Ogof Ffynnon Ddu 1 Ogof Draenen 2 Malham Tarn Pot 3 Greygill Hole
NewLISP
<lang NewLISP>; file: arraycon.lsp
- url
- http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Array_concatenation
- author
- oofoe 2012-01-28
(println "Append lists: " (append '(3 a 5 3) (sequence 1 9)))
(println "Multi append: "
(append '(this is)
'(a test)
'(of the emergency)
(sequence 3 1)))
(println "Append arrays: "
(append '((x 56) (b 99)) '((z 34) (c 23) (r 88))))
(exit)</lang>
- Output:
Append lists: (3 a 5 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9) Multi append: (this is a test of the emergency 3 2 1) Append arrays: ((x 56) (b 99) (z 34) (c 23) (r 88))
Nim
Dynamic sized Sequences can simply be concatenated: <lang nim>var
x = @[1,2,3,4,5,6] y = @[7,8,9,10,11] z = x & y</lang>
Static sized Arrays: <lang nim>var
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6] b = [7,8,9,10,11] c: array[11, int]
c[0..5] = a c[6..10] = b</lang>
Oberon-2
<lang oberon2> MODULE ArrayConcat; IMPORT
Out;
TYPE
IntArray = POINTER TO ARRAY OF INTEGER;
VAR
x, y, z: IntArray;
PROCEDURE InitArray(VAR x: IntArray;from: INTEGER);
VAR
i: LONGINT;
BEGIN
FOR i := 0 TO LEN(x^) - 1 DO
x[i] := from;
INC(from)
END
END InitArray;
PROCEDURE Concat(x,y: IntArray; VAR z: IntArray);
VAR
i: LONGINT;
BEGIN
ASSERT(LEN(x^) + LEN(y^) <= LEN(z^));
FOR i := 0 TO LEN(x^) - 1 DO z[i] := x[i] END;
FOR i := 0 TO LEN(y^) - 1 DO z[i + LEN(x^)] := y[i] END
END Concat;
PROCEDURE Show(x: IntArray);
VAR
i: INTEGER;
BEGIN
i := 0;
Out.Char('[');
WHILE (i < LEN(x^)) DO
Out.LongInt(x[i],3);IF i < LEN(x^) - 1 THEN Out.Char(',') END;
INC(i)
END;
Out.Char(']');Out.Ln
END Show;
BEGIN
(* Standard types *) NEW(x,5);InitArray(x,1); NEW(y,10);InitArray(y,6); NEW(z,LEN(x^) + LEN(y^)); Concat(x,y,z); Show(z)
END ArrayConcat. </lang>
- Output:
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
Objeck
<lang objeck> bundle Default {
class Arithmetic {
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
array1 := [3, 5, 7];
array2 := [2, 4, 6];
array3 := Copy(array1, array2);
each(i : array3) {
array3[i]->PrintLine();
};
}
function : native : Copy(array1 : Int[], array2 : Int[]) ~ Int[] {
max := array1->Size() + array2->Size();
array3 := Int->New[max];
i := 0;
for(i := i; i < array1->Size(); i += 1;) {
array3[i] := array1[i];
};
j := 0;
for(i := i; i < max; i += 1;) {
array3[i] := array2[j];
j += 1;
};
return array3;
}
}
} </lang>
Objective-C
with immutable arrays: <lang objc>NSArray *arr1 = @[@1, @2, @3]; NSArray *arr2 = @[@4, @5, @6]; NSArray *arr3 = [arr1 arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:arr2];</lang>
or adding onto a mutable array: <lang objc>NSArray *arr1 = @[@1, @2, @3]; NSArray *arr2 = @[@4, @5, @6]; NSMutableArray *arr3 = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:arr1]; [arr3 addObjectsFromArray:arr2];</lang>
OCaml
It is more natural in OCaml to use lists instead of arrays: <lang ocaml># let list1 = [1; 2; 3];; val list1 : int list = [1; 2; 3]
- let list2 = [4; 5; 6];;
val list2 : int list = [4; 5; 6]
- let list1and2 = list1 @ list2;;
val list1and2 : int list = [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6]</lang>
If you want to use arrays: <lang ocaml># let array1 = [|1; 2; 3|];; val array1 : int array = [|1; 2; 3|]
- let array2 = [|4; 5; 6|];;
val array2 : int array = [|4; 5; 6|]
- let array1and2 = Array.append array1 array2;;
val array1and2 : int array = [|1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6|]</lang>
Oforth
<lang Oforth>[1, 2, 3 ] [ 4, 5, 6, 7 ] + </lang>
Onyx
<lang onyx># With two arrays on the stack, cat pops
- them, concatenates them, and pushes the result back
- on the stack. This works with arrays of integers,
- strings, or whatever. For example,
[1 2 3] [4 5 6] cat # result: [1 2 3 4 5 6] [`abc' `def'] [`ghi' `jkl'] cat # result: [`abc' `def' `ghi' `jkl']
- To concatenate more than two arrays, push the number of arrays
- to concatenate onto the stack and use ncat. For example,
[1 true `a'] [2 false `b'] [`3rd array'] 3 ncat
- leaves [1 true `a' 2 false `b' `3rd array'] on the stack</lang>
ooRexx
<lang ooRexx> a = .array~of(1,2,3) say "Array a has " a~items "items" b = .array~of(4,5,6) say "Array b has " b~items "items" a~appendall(b) -- adds all items from b to a say "Array a now has " a~items " </lang>
Order
Order supports two main aggregate types: tuples and sequences (similar to lists in other languages). Most "interesting" operations are limited to sequences, but both support an append operation, and each can be converted to the other. <lang c>#include <order/interpreter.h>
ORDER_PP( 8tuple_append(8tuple(1, 2, 3), 8tuple(4, 5, 6), 8pair(7, 8)) ) // -> (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)
ORDER_PP( 8seq_append(8seq(1, 2, 3), 8seq(4, 5, 6), 8seq(7, 8)) ) // -> (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)</lang>
OxygenBasic
<lang oxygenbasic> 'CREATE DYNAMIC ARRAY SPACES USING STRINGS
string sa=nuls 5* sizeof float string sb=sa
'MAP ARRAY VARIABLES ONTO STRINGS
float a at *sa float b at *sb
'ASSIGN SOME VALUES
a<=10,20,30,40,50 b<=60,70,80,90,00
'ADD ARRAY B TO A BY STRING CONCATENATION
sa+=sb
'TEST
print a[7] 'result 70 </lang>
Oz
List are concatenated with List.append (shortcut: Append). Tuples are concatened with Tuple.append. Arrays do exist in Oz, but are rarely used.
<lang oz>%% concatenating 2 lists
{Append [a b] [c d]} = [a b c d]
%% concatenating 2 tuples {Tuple.append t(1 2 3) u(4 5 6)} = u(1 2 3 4 5 6)</lang>
PARI/GP
<lang parigp>concat(u,v)</lang>
Pascal
- See Delphi
Perl
In Perl, arrays placed into list context are flattened: <lang perl>my @arr1 = (1, 2, 3); my @arr2 = (4, 5, 6); my @arr3 = (@arr1, @arr2);</lang>
The push function appends elements onto an existing array:
<lang perl>my @arr1 = (1, 2, 3);
my @arr2 = (4, 5, 6);
push @arr1, @arr2;
print "@arr1\n"; # prints "1 2 3 4 5 6"</lang>
Perl 6
<lang perl6># the prefix:<|> operator (called "slip") can be used to interpolate arrays into a list: sub cat-arrays(@a, @b) { |@a, |@b }
my @a1 = (1,2,3); my @a2 = (2,3,4); cat-arrays(@a1,@a2).join(", ").say;</lang>
- Output:
1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4
Phix
<lang Phix>sequence s1 = {1,2,3}, s2 = {4,5,6} ? s1 & s2</lang>
- Output:
{1,2,3,4,5,6}
PHP
<lang php>$arr1 = array(1, 2, 3); $arr2 = array(4, 5, 6); $arr3 = array_merge($arr1, $arr2);</lang>
PicoLisp
PicoLisp has no built-in array data type. Lists are used instead.
There are destructive concatenations: <lang PicoLisp>: (setq A (1 2 3) B '(a b c)) -> (a b c)
- (conc A B) # Concatenate lists in 'A' and 'B'
-> (1 2 3 a b c)
- A
-> (1 2 3 a b c) # Side effect: List in 'A' is modified!</lang> and non-destructive concatenations: <lang PicoLisp>: (setq A (1 2 3) B '(a b c)) -> (a b c)
- (append A B) # Append lists in 'A' and 'B'
-> (1 2 3 a b c)
- A
-> (1 2 3)
- B
-> (a b c) # Arguments are not modified</lang>
PL/I
Trivial example requires no computational statement. Note that the arrays are not in static storage: <lang PL/I>
declare x(12) fixed; declare b(5) fixed defined x; declare c(7) fixed defined x(1sub+5);
</lang> A more general example using dynamic bounds. Again, no computation statement is required. <lang>
declare x(m+n) fixed; declare b(m) fixed defined x; declare c(n) fixed defined x(1sub+hbound(b,1));
</lang>
An alternative, that can be used to advantage for matrices as well as vectors, follows. This example illustrates extending a matrix diagonally. Although fixed array bounds are used in the declarations, the bounds can be dynamic. Matrix B is extended by placing matrix C on its diagonal: <lang>
declare a(5,6) fixed; declare b(3,4) fixed defined a(1sub, 2sub); declare c(2,2) fixed defined a(1sub+hbound(b,1), 2sub+hbound(b,2)); declare (i, j, k) fixed;
a = 0;
put skip list ('Please type elements for a 3 x 4 matrix:');
get list (b);
put skip list ('Please type elements for a 2 x 2 matrix:');
get list (c);
put skip edit (c) ( skip, (hbound(c,2)) f(5,0) );
put skip list ('Composite matrix:');
put skip edit (a) ( skip, (hbound(a,2)) f(5,0) );
</lang>
- Output:
<lang> Please type elements for a 3 x 4 matrix:
Please type elements for a 2 x 2 matrix:
13 14 15 16
Composite matrix:
1 2 3 4 0 0 5 6 7 8 0 0 9 10 11 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 14 0 0 0 0 15 16
</lang>
PostScript
<lang postscript> [1 2 3 4] [5 6 7 8] concat </lang>
PowerShell
<lang powershell>$a = 1,2,3 $b = 4,5,6
$c = $a + $b Write-Host $c</lang>
Prolog
<lang prolog> ?- append([1,2,3],[4,5,6],R). R = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. </lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>Procedure displayArray(Array a(1), msg.s)
Protected i
Print(msg + " [")
For i = 0 To ArraySize(a())
Print(Str(a(i)))
If i <> ArraySize(a())
Print(", ")
EndIf
Next
PrintN("]")
EndProcedure
Procedure randomElements(Array a(1), lo, hi)
Protected i For i = 0 To ArraySize(a()) a(i) = random(hi - lo) + lo Next
EndProcedure
Procedure arrayConcat(Array a(1), Array b(1), Array c(1))
Protected i, newSize = ArraySize(a()) + ArraySize(b()) + 1 Dim c(newSize) For i = 0 To ArraySize(a()) c(i) = a(i) Next For i = 0 To ArraySize(b()) c(i + ArraySize(a()) + 1) = b(i) Next
EndProcedure
If OpenConsole()
Dim a(random(3) + 1) Dim b(random(3) + 1) Dim c(0) ;array will be resized by arrayConcat() randomElements(a(), -5, 5) randomElements(b(), -5, 5) displayArray(a(), "a:") displayArray(b(), "b:") arrayConcat(a(), b(), c()) displayArray(c(), "concat of a[] + b[]:") Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit") Input() CloseConsole()
EndIf</lang>
- Output:
a: [5, 2, -4, -1, -2] b: [0, -4, -1] concat of a[] + b[]: [5, 2, -4, -1, -2, 0, -4, -1]
Python
The + operator concatenates two lists and returns a new list.
The list.extend method appends elements of another list to the receiver.
<lang python>arr1 = [1, 2, 3]
arr2 = [4, 5, 6]
arr3 = [7, 8, 9]
arr4 = arr1 + arr2
assert arr4 == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
arr4.extend(arr3)
assert arr4 == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]</lang>
Note: list.extend is normally accomplished using the += operator like this: <lang python>arr5 = [4, 5, 6] arr6 = [7, 8, 9] arr6 += arr5 assert arr6 == [7, 8, 9, 4, 5, 6]</lang>
R
<lang R> a1 <- c(1, 2, 3) a2 <- c(3, 4, 5) a3 <- c(a1, a2) </lang>
Racket
<lang racket> (vector-append #(1 2 3 4) #(5 6 7) #(8 9 10)) </lang>
- Output:
'#(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)
RapidQ
<lang vb> DEFINT A(1 to 4) = {1, 2, 3, 4} DEFINT B(1 to 4) = {10, 20, 30, 40}
'Append array B to array A Redim A(1 to 8) as integer MEMCPY(varptr(A(5)), varptr(B(1)), Sizeof(integer)*4) </lang>
REBOL
<lang REBOL> a1: [1 2 3] a2: [4 5 6] a3: [7 8 9]
append a1 a2 ; -> [1 2 3 4 5 6]
append/only a1 a3 ; -> [1 2 3 4 5 6 [7 8 9]] </lang>
Retro
<lang Retro>needs array'
^array'new{ 1 2 3 } ^array'new{ 4 5 6 } ^array'append</lang>
REXX
REXX doesn't have arrays as such, but it has something that looks, feels, and tastes like arrays:
- stemmed variables
Simply, a stemmed array is a variable with an appended dot (.) followed by a symbol (it's normally an integer or an alphanumeric name).
There is no way to preallocate a stemmed variable, REXX just assigns them as they are created (assigned a value).
As such, there isn't an easy way to keep track of the number of "elements" in a REXX "array" (unless the programmer maintains a list).
Consider:
<lang rexx>a.1 = 10
a.2 = 22.7
a.7 = -12</lang>
where now we have three "elements", and they are disjointed (another word for sparse).
There are ways to handle this in REXX however.
When assigning stemmed arrays, it is common to assign "element" zero to the number of values,
assuming that the stemmed variables are sequential.
example:
<lang rexx>fact.0=8
fact.1= 1
fact.2= 2
fact.3= 6
fact.4= 24
fact.5= 120
fact.6= 720
fact.7= 5040
fact.8=40320</lang>
To concat two "arrays" in REXX, the following assumes that the stemmed variables are in order, with no gaps, and none have a "null" value.
<lang rexx>/*REXX program to demonstrates how to perform array concatenation.*/
p.= /*(below) a short list of primes.*/ p.1=2; p.2=3; p.3=5; p.4=7; p.5=11; p.6=13 p.7=17; p.8=19; p.9=23; p.10=27; p.11=31; p.12=37
f.= /*(below) a list of Fibonacci #s.*/ f.0=0;f.1=1;f.2=1;f.3=2;f.4=3;f.5=5;f.6=8;f.7=13;f.8=21;f.9=34;f.10=55
do j=1 while p.j\==
c.j=p.j /*assign C array with some primes*/
end /*j*/
n=j-1
do k=0 while f.k\==; n=n+1
c.n=f.k /*assign C array with fib numbers*/
end /*k*/
say 'elements=' n say
do m=1 for n
say 'c.'m"="c.m /*show a "merged" C array nums.*/
end /*m*/
/*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/</lang>
- Output:
elements= 23 c.1=2 c.2=3 c.3=5 c.4=7 c.5=11 c.6=13 c.7=17 c.8=19 c.9=23 c.10=27 c.11=31 c.12=37 c.13=0 c.14=1 c.15=1 c.16=2 c.17=3 c.18=5 c.19=8 c.20=13 c.21=21 c.22=34 c.23=55
Ring
<lang> arr1 = [1, 2, 3] arr2 = [4, 5, 6] arr3 = [7, 8, 9] arr4 = arr1 + arr2 see arr4 see nl arr5 = arr4 + arr3 see arr5 </lang>
RLaB
In RLaB the matrices can be appended (column-wise) or stacked (row-wise). Consider few examples: <lang RLaB> >> x = [1, 2, 3] >> y = [4, 5, 6] // appending matrix 'y' on the right from matrix 'x' is possible if the two matrices have // the same number of rows: >> z1 = [x, y] matrix columns 1 thru 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
// stacking matrix 'y' below the matrix 'x' is possible if the two matrices have // the same number of columns: >> z2 = [x; y]
1 2 3
4 5 6
>> </lang>
Ruby
The Array#+ method concatenates two arrays and returns a new array. The Array#concat method appends elements of another array to the receiver.
<lang ruby>arr1 = [1, 2, 3]
arr2 = [4, 5, 6]
arr3 = [7, 8, 9]
arr4 = arr1 + arr2 # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
arr4.concat(arr3) # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]</lang>
Or use flatten(1): <lang ruby>
- concat multiple arrays:
[arr1,arr2,arr3].flatten(1)
- ignore nil:
[arr1,arr2,arr3].compact.flatten(1) </lang>
Rust
<lang rust>fn main() {
let a_vec: Vec<i32> = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; let b_vec: Vec<i32> = vec![6; 5];
let c_vec = concatenate_arrays::<i32>(a_vec.as_slice(), b_vec.as_slice());
println!("{:?} ~ {:?} => {:?}", a_vec, b_vec, c_vec);
}
fn concatenate_arrays<T: Clone>(x: &[T], y: &[T]) -> Vec<T> {
let mut concat: Vec<T> = vec![x[0].clone(); x.len()];
concat.clone_from_slice(x); concat.extend_from_slice(y);
concat
} </lang>
S-lang
<lang S-lang>variable a = [1, 2, 3]; variable b = [4, 5, 6];</lang> a+b is perfectly valid in S-Lang, but instead of the problem's desired effect, it gives you a new array with each cooresponding element from a and b added. Instead: <lang S-lang>variable la = length(a), c = _typeof(a)[la+length(b)]; c[ [:la-1] ] = a; c[ [la:] ] = b;</lang>
If you can make do with using lists not arrays for a and b, it's trivial: <lang S-lang>a = {1, 2, 3}; b = {4, 5, 6};
variable c = list_concat(a, b);</lang>
behaves as in the array concatination above. Then, if you need an array: <lang S-lang>c = list_to_array(c);</lang>
As an alternative: <lang S-lang>list_join(a, b);</lang> adds the elements of b onto a.
Scala
<lang Scala>val arr1 = Array( 1, 2, 3 ) val arr2 = Array( 4, 5, 6 ) val arr3 = Array( 7, 8, 9 )
arr1 ++ arr2 ++ arr3 //or: Array concat ( arr1, arr2, arr3 ) // res0: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)</lang>
Scheme
<lang scheme>; in r5rs, there is append for lists, but we'll need to define vector-append (define (vector-append . arg) (list->vector (apply append (map vector->list arg))))
(vector-append #(1 2 3 4) #(5 6 7) #(8 9 10))
- #(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)</lang>
Note : vector-append is also defined in SRFI-43.
Seed7
<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
var array integer: a is [] (1, 2, 3, 4); var array integer: b is [] (5, 6, 7, 8); var array integer: c is [] (9, 10);
const proc: main is func
local
var integer: number is 0;
begin
c := a & b;
for number range c do
write(number <& " ");
end for;
writeln;
end func;</lang>
- Output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SETL
<lang haskell>A := [1, 2, 3]; B := [3, 4, 5]; print(A + B); -- [1 2 3 3 4 5]</lang>
Sidef
<lang ruby>var arr1 = [1, 2, 3]; var arr2 = [4, 5, 6]; var arr3 = (arr1 + arr2); # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]</lang>
Slate
The binary operation of concatenation is made with the ; (semi-colon) from the type Sequence. It is also available for appending Sequences to WriteStreams.
<lang slate> {1. 2. 3. 4. 5} ; {6. 7. 8. 9. 10} </lang>
Smalltalk
Concatenation (appending) is made with the method , (comma), present in classes SequenceableCollection, ArrayedCollection and their subclasses (e.g. Array, String, OrderedCollection ...)
<lang smalltalk>|a b c| a := #(1 2 3 4 5). b := #(6 7 8 9 10). c := a,b. c displayNl.</lang>
SNOBOL4
<lang SNOBOL4>* # Concatenate 2 arrays (vectors)
define('cat(a1,a2)i,j') :(cat_end)
cat cat = array(prototype(a1) + prototype(a2)) cat1 i = i + 1; cat = a1 :s(cat1) cat2 j = j + 1; cat = a2<j> :s(cat2)f(return) cat_end
- # Fill arrays
str1 = '1 2 3 4 5'; arr1 = array(5)
loop i = i + 1; str1 len(p) span('0123456789') . arr1 @p :s(loop)
str2 = '6 7 8 9 10'; arr2 = array(5)
loop2 j = j + 1; str2 len(q) span('0123456789') . arr2<j> @q :s(loop2)
- # Test and display
arr3 = cat(arr1,arr2)
loop3 k = k + 1; str3 = str3 arr3<k> ' ' :s(loop3)
output = str1
output = str2
output = str3
end</lang>
- Output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Standard ML
<lang Standard ML> val l1 = [1,2,3,4];; val l2 = [5,6,7,8];; val l3 = l1 @ l2 (* [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] *) </lang>
Swift
<lang Swift>let array1 = [1,2,3] let array2 = [4,5,6] let array3 = array1 + array2</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>set a {1 2 3} set b {4 5 6} set ab [concat $a $b]; # 1 2 3 4 5 6</lang> Note that in the Tcl language, “arrays” are hash maps of strings to variables, so the notion of concatenation doesn't really apply. What other languages (usually) call arrays are “lists” in Tcl.
TI-89 BASIC
If a and b are lists, augment(a, b) concatenates them in the usual fashion. If a and b are matrices, then augment(a, b) produces a matrix whose columns are the columns of a followed by the columns of b, i.e. an augmented matrix.
■ augment({1,2}, {3,4})
{1,2,3,4}
■ augment([[1][2]], [[3][4]])
[[1,3][2,4]]That last example as displayed in pretty-printing mode:
Concatenation in the other direction may of course be done by transposition:
■ augment([[x][y]], [[z][w]])
[[x][y][z][w]]
Trith
<lang trith>[1 2 3] [4 5 6] concat</lang>
UNIX Shell
Using proper built-in Bash arrays:
<lang bash>array1=( 1 2 3 4 5 ) array2=( 6 7 8 9 10 ) botharrays=( ${array1[@]} ${array2[@]} )</lang>
Whitespace-delimited strings work in much the same way:
<lang bash>array1='1 2 3 4 5' array2='6 7 8 9 10'
- Concatenated to a Bash array ...
botharrays_a=( $array1 $array2 )
- Concatenated to a string ...
botharrays_s="$array1 $array2"</lang>
Ursa
<lang ursa># create two streams (the ursa equivalent of arrays)
- a contains the numbers 1-10, b contains 11-20
decl int<> a b decl int i for (set i 1) (< i 11) (inc i)
append i a
end for for (set i 11) (< i 21) (inc i)
append i b
end for
- append the values in b to a
append b a
- output a to the console
out a endl console</lang>
Vala
<lang vala>int[] array_concat(int[]a,int[]b){ int[] c = new int[a.length + b.length]; Memory.copy(c, a, a.length * sizeof(int)); Memory.copy(&c[a.length], b, b.length * sizeof(int)); return c; } void main(){ int[] a = {1,2,3,4,5}; int[] b = {6,7,8}; int[] c = array_concat(a,b); foreach(int i in c){ stdout.printf("%d\n",i); } }</lang>
VBScript
<lang vb>Function ArrayConcat(arr1, arr2)
ReDim ret(UBound(arr1) + UBound(arr2) + 1)
For i = 0 To UBound(arr1)
ret(i) = arr1(i)
Next
offset = Ubound(arr1) + 1
For i = 0 To UBound(arr2)
ret(i + offset) = arr2(i)
Next
ArrayConcat = ret
End Function
arr1 = array(10,20,30) arr2 = array(40,50,60) WScript.Echo "arr1 = array(" & Join(arr1,", ") & ")" WScript.Echo "arr2 = array(" & Join(arr2,", ") & ")" arr3 = ArrayConcat(arr1, arr2) WScript.Echo "arr1 + arr2 = array(" & Join(arr3,", ") & ")"</lang>
- Output:
arr1 = array(10, 20, 30) arr2 = array(40, 50, 60) arr1 + arr2 = array(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)
Visual Basic .NET
<lang vbnet>
Dim iArray1() As Integer = {1, 2, 3}
Dim iArray2() As Integer = {4, 5, 6}
Dim iArray3() As Integer = Nothing
iArray3 = iArray1.Concat(iArray2).ToArray
</lang>
Wart
Wart doesn't have arrays yet, just lists.
<lang wart>a <- '(1 2 3) b <- '(4 5 6) a+b
- => (1 2 3 4 5 6)</lang>
Wren
<lang wren>var arr1 = [1,2,3] var arr2 = [4,5,6] for (e in arr2) {
arr1.add(e)
} System.print(arr1) </lang>
- Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Yacas
<lang Yacas>Concat({1,2,3}, {4,5,6})
Out> {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}</lang>
Yorick
<lang yorick>a = [1,2,3]; b = [4,5,6]; ab = grow(a, b);</lang>
zkl
Lists (both mutable and read only), no built in support for numeric vectors/arrays/matrices <lang zkl>T(1,2).extend(T(4,5,6)) //-->L(1,2,4,5,6) T(1,2).extend(4,5,6) //-->L(1,2,4,5,6)</lang>
Zsh
Concatenating arrays. <lang zsh>a=(1 2 3) b=(a b c)
c=($a $b)</lang> Pushing a single element into an array. <lang zsh>a+=4</lang> Pushing another array into an array. <lang zsh>a+=($b)</lang>
ZX Spectrum Basic
<lang zxbasic>10 LET x=10 20 LET y=20 30 DIM a(x) 40 DIM b(y) 50 DIM c(x+y) 60 FOR i=1 TO x 70 LET c(i)=a(i) 80 NEXT i 90 FOR i=1 TO y 100 LET c(x+i)=b(i) 110 NEXT i 120 FOR i=1 TO x+y 130 PRINT c(i);", "; 140 NEXT i </lang>
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