Loops/Foreach
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Loop through and print each element in a collection in order. Use your language's "for each" loop if it has one, otherwise iterate through the collection in order with some other loop.
ACL2
<lang Lisp>(defun print-list (xs)
(if (endp xs)
nil
(prog2$ (cw "~x0~%" (first xs))
(print-list (rest xs)))))</lang>
> (print-list (list 1 "a" 1/2 (list 1 2) 'sym)) 1 "a" 1/2 (1 2) SYM NIL
Ada
arrays
<lang Ada>with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
procedure For_Each is
A : array (1..5) of Integer := (-1, 0, 1, 2, 3);
begin
for Num in A'Range loop
Put( A (Num) );
end loop;
end For_Each;</lang>
Alternative solution (Ada 2012):
<lang Ada> for Item of A loop
Put( Item ); end loop;</lang>
doubly linked lists
<lang Ada>with Ada.Integer_Text_IO, Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO, Ada.Containers;
procedure Doubly_Linked_List is
package DL_List_Pkg is new Doubly_Linked_Lists (Integer); use DL_List_Pkg;
procedure Print_Node (Position : Cursor) is
begin
Put (Element (Position));
end Print_Node;
DL_List : List;
begin
DL_List.Append (1); DL_List.Append (2); DL_List.Append (3); -- Iterates through every node of the list. DL_List.Iterate (Print_Node'Access);
end Doubly_Linked_List;</lang>
vectors
<lang Ada>with Ada.Integer_Text_IO, Ada.Containers.Vectors; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO, Ada.Containers;
procedure Vector_Example is
package Vector_Pkg is new Vectors (Natural, Integer); use Vector_Pkg;
procedure Print_Element (Position : Cursor) is
begin
Put (Element (Position));
end Print_Element;
V : Vector;
begin
V.Append (1);
V.Append (2);
V.Append (3);
-- Iterates through every element of the vector.
V.Iterate (Print_Element'Access);
end Vector_Example;</lang>
Aikido
Aikido's foreach loop allows iteration through multiple value types.
strings
<lang aikido>var str = "hello world" foreach ch str { // you can also use an optional 'in'
println (ch) // one character at a time
}</lang>
vectors
<lang aikido>var vec = [1,2,3,4] foreach v vec { // you can also use an optional 'in'
println (v)
}</lang>
maps
<lang aikido>var cities = {"San Ramon": 50000, "Walnut Creek": 70000, "San Francisco": 700000} // map literal foreach city cities {
println (city.first + " has population " + city.second)
}</lang>
integers
<lang aikido>foreach i 100 {
println (i) // prints values 0..99
}
foreach i 10..20 {
println (i) // prints values 10..20
}
var a = 20 var b = 10 foreach i a..b {
println (i) // prints values from a to b (20..10)
}</lang>
Objects
Aikido allows definition of a foreach operator for an object. In this example we define a single linked list and a foreach operator to iterate through it
<lang aikido>class List {
class Element (public data) {
public var next = null
}
var start = null
public function insert (data) {
var element = new Element (data)
element.next = start
start = element
}
public operator foreach (var iter) {
if (typeof(iter) == "none") { // first iteration
iter = start
return iter.data
} elif (iter.next == null) { // check for last iteration
iter = none
} else {
iter = iter.next // somewhere in the middle
return iter.data
}
}
}
var list = new List() list.insert (1) list.insert (2) list.insert (4)
foreach n list {
println (n)
}</lang>
Coroutines
Aikido supports coroutines. The foreach operator may be used to iterate thorough the generated values. <lang aikido>// coroutine to generate the squares of a sequence of numbers function squares (start, end) {
for (var i = start ; i < end ; i++) {
yield i*i
}
}
var start = 10 var end = 20
foreach s squares (start, end) {
println (s)
}</lang>
Files
If you open a file you can iterate through all the lines <lang aikido>var s = openin ("input.txt") foreach line s {
print (line)
}</lang>
Enumerations
<lang aikido>enum Color {
RED, GREEN, BLUE
}
foreach color Color {
println (color)
}</lang>
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68>[]UNION(STRING, INT, PROC(REF FILE)VOID) collection = ("Mary","Had",1,"little","lamb.",new line);
FOR index FROM LWB collection TO UPB collection DO
print((collection[index]," "))
OD</lang> Output:
Mary Had +1 little lamb.
Note: ALGOL 68S actually has a reserved word FOREACH that is used to break arrays in to portions, and process in parallel.
AmigaE
<lang amigae>PROC main()
DEF a_list : PTR TO LONG, a
a_list := [10, 12, 14]
FOR a := 0 TO ListLen(a_list)-1
WriteF('\d\n', a_list[a])
ENDFOR
-> if the "action" fits a single statement, we can do instead
ForAll({a}, a_list, `WriteF('\d\n', a))
ENDPROC</lang>
AppleScript
<lang AppleScript>repeat with fruit in {"Apple", "Orange", "Banana"}
log contents of fruit
end repeat</lang>
AutoHotkey
<lang AutoHotkey>string = mary,had,a,little,lamb Loop, Parse, string, `,
MsgBox %A_LoopField%</lang>
AWK
The for (element_index in array) can be used, but it does not give elements' indexes in the order inside the array (AWK indexes in array are indeed more like hashes).
<lang awk>
BEGIN {
split("Mary had a little lamb", strs, " ")
for(el in strs) {
print strs[el]
}
}</lang> If elements must be returned in some order, keys must be generated in that order. In the example above the array is filled through the split function, which uses indexes from 1. So to iterate over the array's elements in the right order, a normal loop can be used: <lang awk>BEGIN {
n = split("Mary had a little lamb", strs, " ")
for(i=1; i <= n; i++) {
print strs[i]
}
}</lang>
Note that in awk, foreach loops can only be performed against an associative container. It is not possible to loop against an explicit list, so the following will not work:
<lang awk># This will not work BEGIN {
for (l in "apples","bananas","cherries") {
print "I like " l
}</lang>
BASIC256
BASIC-256 does not have a FOR EACH type statement. Use a FOR loop to iterate through an array by index. <lang BASIC256>DIM collection$(1) collection$ = { "The", "quick", "brown", "fox", "jumps", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog." }
FOR i = 0 TO collection$[?]-1
PRINT collection$[i]+ " ";
NEXT i PRINT</lang> Output:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
Batch File
The FOR command can imitate the "Foreach Loop". The whitespace and the comma (,) are the default delimiters.
Direct usage:
<lang dos>@echo off
for %%A in (This is a sample collection) do (
echo %%A
)</lang> Using a Collection Variable: <lang dos>@echo off set "collection=This is a sample collection" for %%A in (%collection%) do (
echo %%A
)</lang>
- They have the Same Output:
This is a sample collection
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> DIM collection$(8)
collection$() = "The", "quick", "brown", "fox", "jumps", \
\ "over", "the", "lazy", "dog."
FOR index% = 0 TO DIM(collection$(), 1)
PRINT collection$(index%) " ";
NEXT
PRINT</lang>
bc
There is no "for each"-loop in bc. For accessing each element of an array (the only collection-like type) one uses a straightforward for-loop. <lang bc>a[0] = .123 a[1] = 234 a[3] = 95.6 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
a[i]
}</lang>
Bracmat
Bracmat has a more or less traditional 'while' loop (whl'expression) which was introduced rather late in the history of Bracmat. Before that, tail recursion was a way to repeat something.
But let us make a list first:
<lang bracmat> ( list
= Afrikaans
Ελληνικά
עברית
മലയാളം
ئۇيغۇرچە
)</lang>
The 'while' solution. Use an auxiliary variable L that gets its head chopped off until nothing is left:
<lang bracmat> !list:?L
& whl'(!L:%?language ?L&out$!language)</lang>
The tail-recursive solution. When the auxiliary variable is reduced to nothing, the loop fails. By adding the ~ flag to the initial invocation, failure is turned into success. This solution benefits from tail recursion optimization.
<lang bracmat> !list:?L
& ( loop
= !L:%?language ?L & out$!language & !loop )
& ~!loop</lang>
A completely different way of iteration is by using a pattern that matches an element in the list, does something useful as a side effect and then fails, forcing bracmat to backtrack and try the next element in the list. The @ flag matches at most one element. The % flag matches at least one element. Together they ensure that exactly one language name is assigned to the variable language. After all elements have been done, control is passed to the rhs of the | operator.
<lang bracmat> ( !list
: ? (%@?language&out$!language&~) ? | )</lang>
C
C does not really have a native 'container' type, nor does it have a 'for each' type statement. The following shows how to loop through an array and print each element. <lang c>#include <stdio.h> ...
const char *list[] = {"Red","Green","Blue","Black","White"};
- define LIST_SIZE (sizeof(list)/sizeof(list[0]))
int ix; for(ix=0; ix<LIST_SIZE; ix++) {
printf("%s\n", list[ix]);
}</lang>
The C language does, however, have a number of standard data structures that can be thought of as collections, and foreach can easily be made with a macro.
C string as a collection of char <lang c>
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
/* foreach macro for using a string as a collection of char */
- define foreach( ptrvar , strvar ) char* ptrvar; for( ptrvar=strvar ; (*ptrvar) != '\0' ; *ptrvar++)
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){ char* s1="abcdefg"; char* s2="123456789"; foreach( p1 , s1 ) {
printf("loop 1 %c\n",*p1);
} foreach( p2 , s2 ){
printf("loop 2 %c\n",*p2);
} exit(0); return(0); } </lang>
C int array as a collection of int (array size known at compile-time) <lang c>
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){ /* foreach macro viewing an array of int values as a collection of int values */
- define foreach( intpvar , intary ) int* intpvar; for( intpvar=intary; intpvar < (intary+(sizeof(intary)/sizeof(intary[0]))) ; intpvar++)
int a1[]={ 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 }; int a2[]={ 3 , 1 , 4 , 1, 5, 9 }; foreach( p1 , a1 ) {
printf("loop 1 %d\n",*p1);
} foreach( p2 , a2 ){
printf("loop 2 %d\n",*p2);
} exit(0); return(0); } </lang>
Most general: string or array as collection (collection size known at run-time)
- Note: idxtype can be removed and typeof(col[0)] used in it's place with GCC
<lang c>
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <string.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
- define foreach( idxtype , idxpvar , col , colsiz ) idxtype* idxpvar; for( idxpvar=col ; idxpvar < (col+(colsiz)) ; idxpvar++)
- define arraylen( ary ) ( sizeof(ary)/sizeof(ary[0]) )
char* c1="collection"; int c2[]={ 3 , 1 , 4 , 1, 5, 9 }; double* c3; int c3len=4; c3=(double*)calloc(c3len,sizeof(double)); c3[0]=1.2;c3[1]=3.4;c3[2]=5.6;c3[3]=7.8; foreach( char,p1 , c1, strlen(c1) ) {
printf("loop 1 : %c\n",*p1);
} foreach( int,p2 , c2, arraylen(c2) ){
printf("loop 2 : %d\n",*p2);
} foreach( double,p3 , c3, c3len ){
printf("loop 3 : %3.1lf\n",*p3);
} exit(0); return(0); } </lang>
C++
C++03 did not have a "for each" loop. The following is a generic loop which works with any standard container except for built-in arrays. The code snippet below assumes that the container type in question is typedef'd to container_type and the actual container object is named container. <lang cpp>for (container_type::iterator i = container.begin(); i != container.end(); ++i) {
std::cout << *i << "\n";
}</lang> However the idiomatic way to output a container would be <lang cpp>std::copy(container.begin(), container.end(),
std::ostream_iterator<container_type::value_type>(std::cout, "\n"));</lang>
There's also an algorithm named for_each. However, you need a function or function object to use it, e.g. <lang cpp>void print_element(container_type::value_type const& v) {
std::cout << v << "\n";
}
...
std::for_each(container.begin(), container.end(), print_element);</lang>
<lang cpp>for (auto element: container) {
std::cout << element << "\n";
}</lang> Here container is the container variable, element is the loop variable (initialized with each container element in turn), and auto means that the compiler should determine the correct type of that variable automatically. If the type is expensive to copy, a const reference can be used instead: <lang cpp>for (auto const& element: container) {
std::cout << element << "\n";
}</lang> Of course the container elements can also be changed by using a non-const reference (provided the container isn't itself constant): <lang cpp>for (auto&& element: container) //use a 'universal reference' {
element += 42;
}</lang>
C#
<lang csharp>string[] things = {"Apple", "Banana", "Coconut"};
foreach (string thing in things) {
Console.WriteLine(thing);
}</lang>
Chapel
<lang chapel>var food = ["Milk", "Bread", "Butter"]; for f in food do writeln(f);</lang>
Clojure
<lang lisp>(doseq [item collection] (println item))</lang>
CMake
<lang cmake>set(list one.c two.c three.c)
foreach(file ${list})
message(${file})
endforeach(file)</lang>
COBOL
The following is in the Managed COBOL dialect:
<lang cobol>01 things occurs 3. ... set content of things to ("Apple", "Banana", "Coconut") perform varying thing as string through things
display thing
end-perform</lang>
ColdFusion
<lang cfm> <Cfloop list="Fee, Fi, Foe, Fum" index="i">
<Cfoutput>#i#!</Cfoutput>
</Cfloop> </lang>
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(loop for i in list do (print i))</lang> or <lang lisp>(map nil #'print list)</lang>
Creative Basic
<lang Creative Basic> DEF AnArray[11]:INT
AnArray=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
'A console only program will work without OPENCONSOLE and 'CLOSECONSOLE; however, it does not hurt to use them. OPENCONSOLE
FOR X=0 TO 10
PRINT AnArray[X]
NEXT X
'keep the console from closing right away. DO:UNTIL INKEY$<>""
CLOSECONSOLE
'because this is a console only program. END </lang>
D
This works if collection is a string/array/associative array, or if implements an appropriate opApply function, or if it has the basic Range methods. <lang d>import std.stdio: writeln;
void main() {
auto collection1 = "ABC";
foreach (element; collection1)
writeln(element);
auto collection2 = [1, 2, 3];
foreach (element; collection1)
writeln(element);
auto collection3 = [1:10, 2:20, 3:30];
foreach (element; collection3)
writeln(element);
foreach (key, value; collection3)
writeln(key, " ", value);
}</lang>
- Output:
A B C A B C 10 20 30 1 10 2 20 3 30
Dao
<lang dao>items = { 1, 2, 3 } for( item in items ) io.writeln( item )</lang>
Delphi
for..in loops were added in Delphi 2005.
Supports arrays (single, multidimensional, and dynamic), sets, strings, collections and any class or interface that implements GetEnumerator(). <lang Delphi>program LoopForEach;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
var
s: string;
begin
for s in 'Hello' do Writeln(s);
end.</lang> Output:
H e l l o
E
<lang e>for e in theCollection {
println(e)
}</lang> In E, the for ... in ... loop is also used for iterating over numeric ranges; see Loop/For#E.
Efene
Any data structure can be printed as a whole, preformated: <lang efene>io.format("~p~n", [Collection])</lang> However, to iterate over each element of a list, Efene uses lists.map/2, except in the case of IO where lists.foreach/2 has to be used as the evaluation order is defined to be the same as the order of the elements in the list. <lang efene>lists.foreach(fn (X) { io.format("~p~n", [X]) }, Collection)</lang>
Eiffel
The iteration (foreach) form of the Eiffel loop construct is introduced by the keyword across.
<lang eiffel > across my_list as ic loop print (ic.item) end</lang>
The local entity ic is an instance of the library class ITERATION_CURSOR. The cursor's feature item provides access to each structure element. Descendants of class ITERATION_CURSOR can be created to handle specialized iteration algorithms. The types of objects that can be iterated across (my_list in the example) are based on classes that inherit from the library class ITERABLE
Boolean expression variant
The iteration form of the Eiffel loop can also be used as a boolean expression when the keyword loop is replaced by either all (effecting universal quantification) or some (effecting existential quantification).
This iteration is a boolean expression which is true if all items in my_list have counts greater than three:
<lang eiffel> across my_list as ic all ic.item.count > 3 end</lang>
Whereas, the following is true if at least one item has a count greater than three:
<lang eiffel> across my_list as ic some ic.item.count > 3 end</lang>
Ela
<lang ela>open monad io
each [] = do return () each (x::xs) = do
putStrLn $ show x each xs</lang>
Elixir
<lang elixir>iex(1)> list = [1,3.14,"abc",[3],{0,5}] [1, 3.14, "abc", [3], {0, 5}] iex(2)> Enum.each(list, fn x -> IO.inspect x end) 1 3.14 "abc" [3] {0, 5}
- ok</lang>
Emacs Lisp
For a list either dolist macro
<lang Lisp>(dolist (x '(1 2 3 4))
(message "x=%d" x))</lang>
or mapc function
<lang Lisp>(mapc (lambda (x)
(message "x=%d" x))
'(1 2 3 4))</lang>
dolist and mapc are both builtin in current Emacs. For past Emacs both can be had from cl.el with for instance (eval-when-compile (require 'cl)).
cl.el also offers a loop macro similar in style to Common Lisp.
Erlang
Any data structure can be printed as a whole, preformated: <lang erlang>io:format("~p~n",[Collection]).</lang> However, to iterate over each element of a list, Erlang uses lists:map/2, except in the case of IO where lists:foreach/2 has to be used as the evaluation order is defined to be the same as the order of the elements in the list. <lang erlang>lists:foreach(fun(X) -> io:format("~p~n",[X]) end, Collection).</lang>
ERRE
It's an extension of 'standard' FOR loop: constant list must be explicit. <lang ERRE>
FOR INDEX$=("The","quick","brown","fox","jumps","over","the","lazy","dog.") DO
PRINT(INDEX$;" ";)
END FOR
PRINT
</lang>
Euphoria
<lang> include std/console.e
sequence s = {-2,-1,0,1,2} --print elements of a numerical list for i = 1 to length(s) do ? s[i] end for
puts(1,'\n')
s = {"Name","Date","Field1","Field2"} -- print elements of a list of 'strings' for i = 1 to length(s) do printf(1,"%s\n",{s[i]}) end for
puts(1,'\n')
for i = 1 to length(s) do -- print subelements of elements of a list of 'strings' for j = 1 to length(s[i]) do printf(1,"%s\n",s[i][j]) end for puts(1,'\n') end for
if getc(0) then end if </lang>
- Output:
-2 -1 0 1 2 Name Date Field1 Field2 N a m e D a t e F i e l d 1 F i e l d 2
Factor
<lang factor>{ 1 2 4 } [ . ] each</lang>
Fantom
Use each method to iterate over a collection of items in a List.
<lang fantom>class Main
{
public static Void main ()
{
Int[] collection := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
collection.each |Int item|
{
echo (item)
}
}
}</lang>
friendly interactive shell
Unlike, bash or csh, the PATH variable is automatically converted to real array. <lang fishshell>for path in $PATH
echo You have $path in PATH.
end</lang>
Sample output:
You have /bin in PATH. You have /usr/bin in PATH.
Fortran
<lang fortran>program main
implicit none
integer :: i character(len=5),dimension(5),parameter :: colors = ['Red ','Green','Blue ','Black','White']
!using a do loop: do i=1,size(colors) write(*,'(A)') colors(i) end do
!this will also print each element: write(*,'(A)') colors
end program main</lang>
Forth
<lang forth>create a 3 , 2 , 1 ,
- .array ( a len -- )
cells bounds do i @ . cell +loop ; \ 3 2 1</lang>
Frink
Frink's for loop is actually a "for each" loop which can iterate over built-in collection types including arrays, sets, dictionaries, enumerating expressions, and Java types such as Map, Iterator, Enumeration, etc.
<lang frink>
array = [1, 2, 3, 5, 7]
for n = array
println[n]
</lang>
F#
We can use for directly or list iteration. <lang fsharp>for i in [1 .. 10] do printfn "%d" i
List.iter (fun i -> printfn "%d" i) [1 .. 10]</lang>
GAP
<lang gap>for p in AlternatingGroup(4) do
Print(p, "\n");
od;
() (1,3,2) (1,2,3) (1,4,3) (2,4,3) (1,3)(2,4) (1,2,4) (1,4)(2,3) (2,3,4) (1,3,4) (1,2)(3,4) (1,4,2)</lang>
Go
range works with all of the built-in container-types. With one variable (i), it gives you the key/index of every item. With two variables (i, x), it gives you both the key/index and value/item. For channels, only the single-variable variant is allowed.
<lang go>func printAll(values []int) {
for i, x := range values {
fmt.Printf("Item %d = %d\n", i, x)
}
}</lang>
Groovy
"for" loop: <lang groovy>def beatles = ["John", "Paul", "George", "Ringo"]
for(name in beatles) {
println name
}</lang>
"each()" method:
Though technically not a loop, most Groovy programmers would use the somewhat more terse "each()" method on the list itself in preference to the "for" loop construct.
<lang groovy>beatles.each {
println it
}</lang> Output (same for either):
John Paul George Ringo
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Control.Monad (forM_) forM_ collect print</lang> which is the same as <lang haskell>mapM_ print collect</lang>
Haxe
<lang haxe>var a = [1, 2, 3, 4];
for(i in a)
Sys.println(i);</lang>
HicEst
<lang hicest>CHARACTER days="Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday "
items = INDEX(days, ' ', 256) ! 256 = count option DO j = 1, items
EDIT(Text=days, ITeM=j, Parse=today) WRITE() today
ENDDO</lang>
Io
<lang io>collection foreach(println)</lang>
Icon and Unicon
The example below X can be a list, string, table or other data type. <lang Icon>procedure main() X := [1,2,3,-5,6,9] every x := !L do
write(x)
end</lang> This loop can be written somewhat more concisely as: <lang Icon>every write(!L)</lang>
IWBASIC
<lang IWBASIC>
Linked List
DEF AList:POINTER
AList=ListCreate()
'Add items to the list. DEF X:INT
FOR X=0 TO 10
POINTER Temp=ListAdd(AList,NEW(INT,1)) #<INT>temp=X
'The hash ("#") dereferencing operator is unique to IWBASIC and Creative Basic, and 'it is suitable for most basic pointer needs. IWBASIC also supports a "C style" 'dereferencing operator: "*". And that will work here too. NEXT X
'A program compiled as console only does not need the commands to open and 'close the console. However, it does not hurt to use them. OPENCONSOLE
'***Iterate the list with the "for each" loop*** FOR Temp=EACH AList AS INT
PRINT #Temp
NEXT
'A press any key to continue message is automatic in a program compiled as a console only program. I presume the compiler inserts the code. CLOSECONSOLE
'Because this is a console only program. END
An Array
DEF AnArray[11]:INT
AnArray=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
OPENCONSOLE
FOR X=0 TO 10
PRINT AnArray[X]
NEXT X
'a press any key message is automatic when compiled as console only. CLOSECONSOLE
'Because this is a console only program. END </lang>
J
<lang J>smoutput each i.10</lang>
Java
<lang java>Iterable<Type> collect; ... for(Type i:collect){
System.out.println(i);
}</lang> This works for any array type as well as any type that implements the Iterable interface (including all Collections).
JavaScript
This works for any object, as well as arrays. It iterates over the keys of an object. <lang JavaScript>for (var a in o) {
print(o[a]);
}</lang> However, it has the often unwanted feature that it lists inherited properties and methods of objects as well as the ones directly set on the object -- consider whether to filter out such properties inside the loop, for example: <lang JavaScript>for (var a in o) {
if (o.hasOwnProperty(a)) {
print(o[a]);
}
}</lang>
- Deprecated
There is also a for each in construct that iterates over the values of an object: <lang JavaScript>h = {"one":1, "two":2, "three":3} for (x in h) print(x); /* two one three
- /
for each (y in h) print(y); /* 2 1 3
- /</lang>
There is also a for of construct that iterates over the values of an object: <lang JavaScript>h = {"one":1, "two":2, "three":3} for (x in h) print(x); /* two one three
- /
for (y of h) print(y); /* 2 1 3
- /</lang>
Julia
<lang julia>for i in collection
println(i)
end</lang>
The Julia for statement is always a "foreach", and the built-in start:end or start:step:end "range" syntax can be used for iteration over arithmetic sequences. Many Julia objects support iteration: arrays and tuples iterate over each item, strings iterate over each character, dictionaries iterate over (key,value) pairs, numeric scalars provide a length-1 iteration over their value, and so on.
jq
Iterables:
In this section, the array defined by "example" is used as an example: <lang jq>def example: [1,2];</lang> jq has two types of iterables -- JSON arrays and JSON objects. In both cases, the ".[]" filter may be used to iterate through the values, it being understand that for objects, the "values" are the values associated with the keys: <lang jq>example | .[]
- or equivalently: example[]</lang>
<lang jq>{"a":1, "b":2} | .[]
- or equivalently: {"a":1, "b":2}[]</lang>
In both cases, the output is the stream consisting of the values 1 followed by 2.
Sometimes it is necessary to use an alternative to ".[]". For example, one might want to generate an index along with the array elements. In such cases, the "range(m;n)" generator, which performs a similar role to C's "for(i=m; i<n; i++)", can be used for array. Here is how range/2 would be used to perform the task for an array: <lang jq>example | . as $a | range(0; length) | $a[.]</lang> For JSON objects, the corresponding technique involves using keys, e.g. <lang jq>
{"a":1, "b":2} | . as $o | keys | map( [., $o[.]] )
</lang> produces:
[["a",1],["b",2]]
Strings:
To convert the constituent characters (or technically, codepoints) of a string into a stream of values, there are two techniques illustrated by these examples: <lang jq>"abc" | . as $s | range(0;length) | $s[.:.+1]
"abc" | explode | map( [.]|implode) | .[]</lang>
In both cases, the result is the stream of values: "a", "b", "c".
Lasso
<lang Lasso>array(1,2,3) => foreach { stdoutnl(#1) }</lang> <lang Lasso>with i in array(1,2,3) do { stdoutnl(#i) }</lang>
K
<lang K> {`0:$x} ' !10</lang> <lang K> _sin ' (1; 2; 3;)</lang>
LFE
<lang lisp>(: lists foreach
(lambda (x) (: io format '"item: ~p~n" (list x))) (: lists seq 1 10))
</lang>
LabVIEW
LabVIEW has a feature known as an Auto-Indexed Tunnel. It is the very small orange box on the lower left of the for loop.
This image is a VI Snippet, an executable image of LabVIEW code. The LabVIEW version is shown on the top-right hand corner. You can download it, then drag-and-drop it onto the LabVIEW block diagram from a file browser, and it will appear as runnable, editable code.
Lang5
<lang lang5>: >>say.(*) . ; 5 iota >>say.</lang>
Liberty BASIC
The most natural way is to use a csv list with a sentinel value. <lang lb>in$ ="Not,Hardly,Just,Adequately,Quite,Really,Very,Fantastically,xyzzy" element$ ="" i =1 ' used to point to successive elements
do
element$ =word$( in$, i, ",") if element$ ="xyzzy" then exit do print element$; " good!" i =i +1
loop until 1 =2
end</lang>
Not good! Hardly good! Just good! Adequately good! Quite good! Really good! Very good! Fantastically good!
Lisaac
<lang Lisaac>"Lisaac loop foreach".split.foreach { word : STRING;
word.print; '\n'.print;
};</lang>
Logo
<lang logo>foreach [red green blue] [print ?]</lang>
Lua
Lua has 2 built-in iterators over tables.
pairs() iterates over all entries in a table, but in no particular order:
<lang lua>t={monday=1, tuesday=2, wednesday=3, thursday=4, friday=5, saturday=6, sunday=0, [7]="fooday"}
for key, value in pairs(t) do
print(value, key)
end</lang> Output:
0 sunday fooday 7 2 tuesday 3 wednesday 5 friday 4 thursday 6 saturday 1 monday
ipairs() iterates over table entries with positive integer keys,
and is used to iterate over lists in order.
<lang lua>l={'monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday', 'thursday', 'friday', 'saturday', 'sunday', not_a_number='fooday', [0]='today', [-1]='yesterday' }
for key, value in ipairs(l) do
print(key, value)
end</lang> Output:
1 monday 2 tuesday 3 wednesday 4 thursday 5 friday 6 saturday 7 sunday
Note that ipairs() ignores non-numeric and non-positive integer keys.
Maple
<lang Maple> for p in [2, 3, 5, 7] do
print(p);
end do; </lang>
Mathematica
Foreach over list of strings <lang mathematica>s = (StringSplit@Import["ExampleData/USConstitution.txt"])1;;7; Do[
Print@i,
{i, s}
]</lang> Output:
We the People of the United States,
MATLAB / Octave
<lang Matlab> list1 = [1,5,6,7,-7,-9];
for k = list1, % list1 must be a row vector (i.e. array of size 1xn)
printf('%i\n',k)
end; </lang>
<lang Matlab> list2 = {'AA','BB','CC'};
for k = list2, % list2 must be a row vector (i.e. array of size 1xn)
printf('%s\n',k{1})
end; </lang>
A vectorized version of the code is <lang Matlab> printf('%d\n',list1);
printf('%s\n',list2{:}); </lang>
Maxima
<lang maxima>for n in [2, 3, 5, 7] do print(n);</lang>
MAXScript
<lang maxscript> arr = for i in 1 to 50 collect ("Number: " + (random 10 99) as string) makeuniquearray arr sort arr
for i in arr do print i as string </lang>
Metafont
If we have a list of arbitrary items, we can simply use for: <lang metafont>for x = "mary", "had", "a", "little", "lamb": message x; endfor end</lang> The list can be generated in place by any suitable macro or another loop... e.g. let us suppose we have things like a[n] defined (with maximum n being 10). Then <lang metafont>for x = for i = 1 upto 9: a[i], endfor, a[10]: show x; endfor end</lang> works more like a foreach; we could make a macro to hide the strangeness of such a code.
MOO
<lang moo>things = {"Apple", "Banana", "Coconut"};
for thing in (things)
player:tell(thing);
endfor</lang>
Nemerle
This works on anything which implements the IEnumerable interface. <lang Nemerle>def things = ["Apple", "Banana", "Coconut"];
foreach (thing in things) WriteLine(thing.ToLower()); foreach (i in [5, 10 .. 100]) Write($"$i\t");</lang>
NetRexx
<lang NetRexx>/* NetRexx */ options replace format comments java crossref savelog symbols nobinary
say say 'Loops/Foreach'
days = ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'] daysl = Arrays.asList(days) daysi = daysl.iterator
loop while daysi.hasNext say daysi.next end</lang>
NewLISP
<lang NewLISP>(map println '(Apple Banana Coconut))</lang>
Nim
<lang nim>var list: seq[string] = @[] list.add("lorem") list.add("ipsum") list.add("dolor") for i in items(list):
echo(i)</lang>
Output:
lorem ipsum dolor
Objective-C
<lang objc>NSArray *collect; //... for(Type i in collect){
NSLog(@"%@", i);
}</lang> collect can be any object that adopts the NSFastEnumeration protocol.
Or (always using OpenStep compatible frameworks):
<lang objc>NSArray *collect; //... NSEnumerator *enm = [collect objectEnumerator]; id i; while( (i = [enm nextObject]) ) {
// do something with object i
}</lang>
Objeck
<lang objeck>fruits := ["Apple", "Banana", "Coconut"]; each(i : fruits) {
fruits[i]->PrintLine();
};</lang>
OCaml
List of integers: <lang ocaml>List.iter
(fun i -> Printf.printf "%d\n" i) collect_list</lang>
Array of integers: <lang ocaml>Array.iter
(fun i -> Printf.printf "%d\n" i) collect_array</lang>
Oforth
<lang Oforth>: printMonths { | o | Date.Months forEach: o [ o println ] }</lang>
But, apply can be used instead of a loop : <lang Oforth>Date.Months apply(#println)</lang>
Octave
<lang octave>a = [ 1,4,3,2 ]; b = [ 1,2,3,4; 5,6,7,8 ]; for v = a
disp(v); % output single values: 1,4,3,2
endfor for v = b
disp(v); % v is the column vector [1;5], then [2;6] ...
endfor</lang> We can also iterate over structures: <lang octave>x.a = [ 10, 11, 12 ]; x.b = { "Cell", "ul", "ar" }; for [ val, key ] = x
disp(key); disp(val);
endfor</lang>
ooRexx
The OVER loop control keyword is used to select each item in a collection in turn. Open Object Rexx allows the DO block structure keyword to be used to start a loop for backward compatibility with classic Rexx; the LOOP keyword is preferred here as it is self-documenting. <lang ooRexx>/* Rexx */ say say 'Loops/Foreach' out =
days = .array~of('Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday')
loop daysi over days
out ||= daysi' ' end daysi
say out~strip()
exit</lang> Output:
Loops/Foreach Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Oz
<lang oz>declare
MyList = [1 2 3 4]
in
{ForAll MyList Show}
%% or:
for E in MyList do {Show E} end</lang>
PARI/GP
<lang parigp>for(i=1,#v,print(v[i]))</lang>
or (PARI/GP >= 2.4)
<lang parigp>apply(x->print(x),v)</lang>
Pascal
See Delphi
Perl
<lang perl>foreach my $i (@collection) {
print "$i\n";
}</lang>
The keyword for can be used instead of foreach. If a loop variable (here $i) is not given, then $_ is used.
A more compact notation using perl statement modifier: <lang perl>print "$_\n" foreach @collection</lang>
In perl, it is possible to loop against an explicit list, so there is no need to define a container:
<lang perl>foreach $l ( "apples", "bananas", "cherries" ) {
print "I like $l\n";
}</lang>
Perl 6
<lang perl6>say $_ for @collection;</lang> Perl 6 leaves off the each from foreach, leaving us with for instead. The variable $_ refers to the current element, unless you assign a name to it using ->. <lang perl6>for @collection -> $currentElement { say $currentElement; }</lang>
PHL
<lang phl>var numbers = 1..10;
numbers each # (number) [
printf("%i\n", number);
];</lang>
PHP
<lang php>foreach ($collect as $i) {
echo "$i\n";
}
foreach ($collect as $key => $i) {
echo "\$collect[$key] = $i\n";
}</lang>
foreach can also iterate over objects. By default it iterates over all visible fields of an object.
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(mapc println '(Apple Banana Coconut))</lang>
Pike
<lang pike>int main(){
array(int|string) collect = ({109, "Hi", "asdf", "qwerty"});
foreach(collect, int|string elem){
write(elem + "\n");
}
}</lang> Iterating over the keys and values of a mapping (dictionary): <lang pike>int main(){
mapping(string:string) coll = (["foo":"asdf", "bar":"qwer", "quux":"zxcv"]);
foreach (coll;string key;string val)
write(key+" --> "+val+"\n");
}
}</lang>
PL/I
<lang pli>declare A(10) fixed binary; do i = lbound(A,1) to hbound(A,1);
put skip list (A(i));
end;</lang>
Pop11
Iteration over list: <lang pop11>lvars el, lst = [1 2 3 4 foo bar]; for el in lst do
printf(el,'%p\n');
endfor;</lang>
PostScript
The forall operator performs a loop over a collection (array, string or dictionary). Strings and arrays can be treated very much the same:
<lang postscript>[1 5 3 2] { = } forall
(abc) { = } forall</lang>
but dictionaries take a little more work since a key/value pair is pushed on the stack in each iteration:
<lang postscript><</a 25 /b 42>> {
exch (Key: ) print = (Value: ) print =
} forall</lang>
PowerShell
<lang powershell>foreach ($x in $collection) {
Write-Host $x
}</lang>
Prolog
For example : <lang Prolog>?- foreach(member(X, [red,green,blue,black,white]), writeln(X)). red green blue black white true. </lang>
PureBasic
Works for LinkedLists and Maps <lang PureBasic>ForEach element()
PrintN(element())
Next</lang>
Python
<lang python>for i in collection:
print i</lang>
Note: The Python for statement is always a "foreach" ... and the range() and xrange() built-in functions are used to generate lists of indexes over which it will iterate as necessary. The majority of Python objects support iteration. Lists and tuples iterate over each item, strings iterate over each character, dictionaries iterate over keys, files iterate over lines, and so on.
For example: <lang python>lines = words = characters = 0 f = open('somefile','r') for eachline in f:
lines += 1
for eachword in eachline.split():
words += 1
for eachchar in eachword:
characters += 1
print lines, words, characters</lang>
Whether for loops over the elements of the collection in order depends on the collection having an inherent order or not. Elements of strings (i.e. characters), tuples and lists, for example, are ordered but the order of elements in dictionaries and sets is not defined.
One can loop over the key/value pairs of a dictionary in alphabetic or numeric key order by sorting the sequence of keys, provided that the keys are all of comparable types. In Python 3.x a sequence of mixed numeric and string elements is not sortable (at least not with the default invocation of sorted()), whereas in Python 2.x numeric types are sorted according to their string representation by default:
<lang python>d = {3: "Earth", 1: "Mercury", 4: "Mars", 2: "Venus"} for k in sorted(d):
print("%i: %s" % (k, d[k]))
d = {"London": "United Kingdom", "Berlin": "Germany", "Rome": "Italy", "Paris": "France"} for k in sorted(d):
print("%s: %s" % (k, d[k]))</lang>
<lang python>d = {"fortytwo": 42, 3.14159: "pi", 23: "twentythree", "zero": 0, 13: "thirteen"} for k in sorted(d):
print("%s: %s" % (k, d[k]))</lang>
R
<lang R>a <- list("First", "Second", "Third", 5, 6) for(i in a) print(i)</lang>
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket
- an example sequence
(define sequence '("something" 1 2 "foo"))
- works for any sequence
(for ([i sequence])
(displayln i))
</lang>
REBOL
<lang REBOL>REBOL [ Title: "Loop/Foreach" Author: oofoe Date: 2009-12-19 URL: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Loop/Foreach ]
x: [Sork Gun Blues Neds Thirst Fright Catur]
foreach i x [prin rejoin [i "day "]] print ""
- REBOL also has the 'forall' construct, which provides the rest of
- the list from the current position.
forall x [prin rejoin [x/1 "day "]] print ""</lang> Output:
Sorkday Gunday Bluesday Nedsday Thirstday Frightday Caturday Sorkday Gunday Bluesday Nedsday Thirstday Frightday Caturday
Retro
Retro has an each@ combinator for operating on elements of various data structures. A hook (<each@>) exists to allow for user-defined data structures to be added. <lang Retro>( Strings: this will display the ASCII code for each character in a string ) "This is a message" [ @ putn space ] ^types'STRING each@
( Array: display each element ) needs array' [ 1 2 3 ] ^array'fromQuote [ @ putn space ] ^types'ARRAY each@
( Linked List: using the dictionary as an example, display each name ) last [ d->name puts space ] ^types'LIST each@
( Generic Buffers; display each value in a buffer ) create foo
1 , 3 , 5 ,
foo 3 [ @ putn space ] ^types'BUFFER each@</lang>
REXX
<lang rexx>days = 'zuntik montik dinstik mitvokh donershtik fraytik shabes'
do j=1 for words(days) /*loop through days of the week. */
say word(days,j) /*display the weekday to screen. */
end /*j*/
/*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/</lang>
Ruby
<lang ruby>for i in collection do
puts i
end</lang> This is syntactic sugar for: <lang ruby>collection.each do |i|
puts i
end</lang>
There are various flavours of each that may be class-dependent: String#each_char, Array#each_index, Hash#each_key, etc
Run BASIC
<lang runbasic>t$={Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday"
while word$(t$,i+1,",") <> ""
i = i + 1 print word$(t$,i,",")
wend</lang>
Rust
Rust's for-loop already is a foreach-loop. <lang Rust>let collection = vec![1,2,3,4,5]; for elem in collection {
println!("{}", elem);
}</lang>
Do note that Rust moves values by default and doesn't copy them. A vector would be unusable after looping over it like above. To preserve it, borrow it or use an Iter, to mutate values do a mutable borrow or create an IterMut. To get an immutable reference omit the mut-part. <lang Rust>let mut collection = vec![1,2,3,4,5]; for mut_ref in &mut collection { // alternatively: // for mut_ref in collection.iter_mut() {
*mut_ref *= 2;
println!("{}", *mut_ref);
}
// immutable borrow for immut_ref in &collection { // alternatively: // for immut_ref in collection.iter() {
println!("{}", *immut_ref);
}</lang>
Salmon
<lang Salmon>iterate (x; ["Red", "Green", "Blue"])
x!;</lang>
output:
Red Green Blue
SAS
<lang sas>/* Initialize an array with integers 1 to 10, and print their sum */ data _null_; array a a1-a10; n=1; do over a;
a=n; n=n+1;
end; s=sum(of a{*}); put s; run;</lang>
Sather
<lang sather>class MAIN is
main is
num:ARRAY{INT} := |1, 5, 4, 3, 10|;
loop
-- the iterator elt! behaves like a "foreach",
-- yielding the next element of the array at each iteration
#OUT + num.elt! + "\n";
end;
end;
end;</lang>
Scala
<lang scala>val collection = Array(1, 2, 3, 4) for (element <- collection)
println(element)</lang>
Alternatively: <lang scala>for (element <- 1 to 4)
println(element)</lang>
Scheme
List: <lang scheme>(for-each
(lambda (i) (display i) (newline)) the_list)</lang>
Scilab
<lang>for e=["a","b","c"]
printf("%s\n",e)
end</lang>
- Output:
a b c
Seed7
The for loop of Seed7 can be used to loop over the elements of a container. <lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
var array string: things is [] ("Apple", "Banana", "Coconut");
const proc: main is func
local
var string: thing is "";
begin
for thing range things do
writeln(thing);
end for;
end func;</lang>
Self
<lang self>aCollection do: [| :element | element printLine ].</lang>
(Provided that the objects in the collection understand the printLine method).
Sidef
<lang ruby>foreach [1,2,3] { |i|
say i;
}</lang>
same as: <lang ruby>[1,2,3].each { |i|
say i;
}</lang>
Slate
<lang slate>c do: [| :obj | print: obj].</lang>
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>aCollection do: [ :element | element displayNl ].</lang>
(Provided that the objects in the collection understand the displayNl method).
Sparkling
Sparkling currently has no "foreach" construct, but there's a "foreach" function in the standard library:
<lang sparkling>let hash = { "foo": 42, "bar": 1337, "baz": "qux" }; foreach(hash, function(key, val) {
print(key, " -> ", val);
});</lang>
Standard ML
List of integers: <lang sml>app
(fn i => print (Int.toString i ^ "\n")) collect_list</lang>
Array of integers: <lang sml>Array.app
(fn i => print (Int.toString i ^ "\n")) collect_array</lang>
Suneido
<lang Suneido>for i in #(1, 2, 3)
Print(i)</lang>
Swift
<lang swift>for i in [1,2,3] {
println(i)
}</lang>
This works for any type that conforms to the Sequence protocol (including arrays, collections, generators, ranges, and strings).
SystemVerilog
<lang SystemVerilog>program main;
int values[$];
initial begin
values = '{ 1, 3, 7, 11 };
foreach (values[i]) begin
$display( "%0d --> %0d", i, values[i] );
end
end
endprogram</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>foreach i {foo bar baz} {
puts "$i"
}</lang> Note that foreach also accepts multiple variables: <lang tcl>foreach {x y} {1 2 3 4} {
puts "$x,$y"
}</lang> And also multiple lists: <lang tcl>foreach i {1 2 3} j {a b c} {
puts "$i,$j"
}</lang> Or any combination of variables/list: <lang tcl>foreach i {1 2 3} {x y} {a b c d e f} {
puts "$i,$x,$y"
}</lang>
TI-89 BASIC
<lang ti89b>Local i,strs Define strs = {"Lorem","ipsum","dolor"} For i, 1, dim(strs)
Disp strs[i]
EndFor</lang>
Trith
<lang trith>[1 2 3 4 5] [print] each</lang>
TUSCRIPT
<lang tuscript>$$ MODE TUSCRIPT week="Monday'Tuesday'Wednesday'Thursday'Friday'Saterday'Sunday" LOOP day=week PRINT day ENDLOOP</lang> Output:
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saterday Sunday
UNIX Shell
To iterate any single list, you use a for loop.
<lang bash>for file in *.sh; do
echo "filename is $file"
done</lang>
If the list is in a shell parameter (like PATH), you adjust IFS.
<lang bash>PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/bin
oldifs=$IFS IFS=: for dir in $PATH; do
echo search $dir
done
IFS=$oldifs</lang>
Some shells have real arrays. The for loop can also iterate these.
<lang bash>collection=("first" "second" "third" "fourth" "something else") for x in "${collection[@]}"; do
echo "$x"
done</lang>
<lang bash>set -A collection "first" "second" "third" "fourth" "something else" for x in "${collection[@]}"; do
echo "$x"
done</lang>
C Shell
<lang csh>set collection=(first second third fourth "something else") foreach x ($collection:q) echo $x:q end</lang>
V
<lang v>[1 2 3] [puts] step</lang>
VBScript
<lang vbscript>dim items(2) items(0)="Apple" items(1)="Orange" items(2)="Banana"
For Each x in items
WScript.Echo x
Next</lang>
Vim Script
Vim Script's for-loop is actually a foreach-loop and iterates through a list. <lang vim>for i in ["alpha", "beta", 42, 5.54]
echo i
endfor</lang>
Visual Basic .NET
<lang vbnet>Dim list As New List(Of String) list.Add("Car") list.Add("Boat") list.Add("Train")
For Each item In list
Console.WriteLine(item)
Next</lang>
Wart
<lang wart>each x '(1 2 3)
prn x</lang>
XPL0
Translation of C example: <lang XPL0>include c:\cxpl\codes; int List, I; [List:= ["Red", "Green", "Blue", "Black", "White"]; for I:= 0, 5-1 do
[Text(0, List(I)); CrLf(0)];
]</lang>
XSLT
For-each is the only iteration construct that is built into XSLT. All other iteration is either implied by applying a template to all members matching an XPath expression, or built from recursive application of a template. You have access to something like a loop counter with the one-based "position()" function. <lang xml><fo:block font-weight="bold">Adults:</fo:block> <xsl:for-each select="person[@age >= 21]">
<fo:block><xsl:value-of select="position()"/>. <xsl:value-of select="@name"/></fo:block>
</xsl:for-each></lang>
zkl
<lang zkl>foreach c in (T("Red","Green","Blue","Black","White"))
{ print(c," "); }</lang>
- Output:
Red Green Blue Black White
Other forms of foreach, one that breaks apart a container into elements and one line nested loops. <lang zkl>foreach x,y,z in (T(T(1,2,3), T(4,5,6))) { println(x,y,z) } foreach x,y,z in (T(1,2,3), T(4,5), T(6)){ println(x,y,z) }</lang>
- Output:
123 456
146 156 246 256 346 356
- Programming Tasks
- Iteration
- ACL2
- Ada
- Aikido
- ALGOL 68
- AmigaE
- AppleScript
- AutoHotkey
- AWK
- BASIC256
- Batch File
- BBC BASIC
- Bc
- Bracmat
- C
- C++
- C sharp
- Chapel
- Clojure
- CMake
- COBOL
- ColdFusion
- Common Lisp
- Creative Basic
- D
- Dao
- Delphi
- E
- Efene
- Eiffel
- Ela
- Elixir
- Emacs Lisp
- Erlang
- ERRE
- Euphoria
- Factor
- Fantom
- Friendly interactive shell
- Fortran
- Forth
- Frink
- F Sharp
- GAP
- Go
- Groovy
- Haskell
- Haxe
- HicEst
- Io
- Icon
- Unicon
- IWBASIC
- J
- Java
- JavaScript
- Julia
- Jq
- Lasso
- K
- LFE
- LabVIEW
- Lang5
- Liberty BASIC
- Lisaac
- Logo
- Lua
- Maple
- Mathematica
- MATLAB
- Octave
- Maxima
- MAXScript
- Metafont
- MOO
- Nemerle
- NetRexx
- NewLISP
- Nim
- Objective-C
- Objeck
- OCaml
- Oforth
- OoRexx
- Oz
- PARI/GP
- Pascal
- Perl
- Perl 6
- PHL
- PHP
- PicoLisp
- Pike
- PL/I
- Pop11
- PostScript
- PowerShell
- Prolog
- PureBasic
- Python
- R
- Racket
- REBOL
- Retro
- REXX
- Ruby
- Run BASIC
- Rust
- Salmon
- SAS
- Sather
- Scala
- Scheme
- Scilab
- Seed7
- Self
- Sidef
- Slate
- Smalltalk
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