Inverted index
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
An Inverted Index is a data structure used to create full text search.
- Task
Given a set of text files, implement a program to create an inverted index.
Also create a user interface to do a search using that inverted index which returns a list of files that contain the query term / terms.
The search index can be in memory.
11l
DefaultDict[String, Set[String]] index
F parse_file(fname, fcontents)
L(word) fcontents.split(re:‘\W’)
:index[word.lowercase()].add(fname)
L(fname, fcontents) [(‘inv1.txt’, ‘It is what it is.’),
(‘inv2.txt’, ‘What is it?’),
(‘inv3.txt’, ‘It is a banana!’)]
parse_file(fname, fcontents)
L(w) [‘cat’, ‘is’, ‘banana’, ‘it’, ‘what’]
print("\nEnter a word to search for: (q to quit): "w)
I w C index
print(‘'#.' found in #..’.format(w, sorted(Array(index[w]))))
E
print(‘'#.' not found.’.format(w))- Output:
Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): cat 'cat' not found. Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): is 'is' found in [inv1.txt, inv2.txt, inv3.txt]. Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): banana 'banana' found in [inv3.txt]. Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): it 'it' found in [inv1.txt, inv2.txt, inv3.txt]. Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): what 'what' found in [inv1.txt, inv2.txt].
Ada
Main program
Here is the main program (file inverted_index.adb):
with Ada.Text_IO, Generic_Inverted_Index, Ada.Strings.Hash, Parse_Lines;
use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Inverted_Index is
type Process_Word is access procedure (Word: String);
package Inv_Idx is new Generic_Inverted_Index
(Source_Type => String,
Item_Type => String,
Hash => Ada.Strings.Hash);
use Inv_Idx;
procedure Output(Sources: Source_Vecs.Vector) is
Any_Output: Boolean := False;
procedure Print_Source(S: String) is
begin
if not Any_Output then -- this is the first source found
Put("Found in the following files: ");
Any_Output := True;
else -- there has been at least one source before
Put(", ");
end if;
Put(S);
end Print_Source;
procedure Print is new Inv_Idx.Iterate(Print_Source);
begin
Print(Sources);
if not Any_Output then
Put("I did not find this in any of the given files!");
end if;
New_Line(2);
end Output;
procedure Read_From_File(Table: in out Storage_Type;
Filename: String) is
F: File_Type;
procedure Enter_Word(S: String) is
begin
Table.Store(Source => Filename, Item => S);
end Enter_Word;
procedure Store_Words is new
Parse_Lines.Iterate_Words(Parse_Lines.Word_Pattern, Enter_Word);
begin
Open(File => F, Mode => In_File, Name => Filename);
while not End_Of_File(F) loop
Store_Words(Get_Line(F));
end loop;
Close(F);
exception
when others =>
Put_Line("Something wrong with File '" & Filename & "'");
Put_Line("I'll ignore this!");
end Read_From_File;
procedure Read_Files(Tab: out Storage_Type; Line: in String) is
procedure Read_File(S: String) is
begin
Read_From_File(Tab, S);
end Read_File;
procedure Read_All is new
Parse_Lines.Iterate_Words(Parse_Lines.Filename_Pattern, Read_File);
begin
Read_All(Line);
end Read_Files;
S: Storage_Type;
Done: Boolean := False;
begin
Put_Line("Enter Filenames:");
Read_Files(S, Get_Line);
New_Line;
while not Done loop
Put_Line("Enter one or more words to search for; <return> to finish:");
declare
Words: String := Get_Line;
First: Boolean := True;
Vec: Source_Vecs.Vector := Source_Vecs.Empty_Vector;
procedure Compute_Vector(Item: String) is
begin
if First then
Vec := S.Find(Item);
First := False;
else
Vec := Vec and S.Find(Item);
end if;
end Compute_Vector;
procedure Compute is new
Parse_Lines.Iterate_Words(Parse_Lines.Word_Pattern, Compute_Vector);
begin
if Words = "" then
Done := True;
else
Compute(Words);
Output(Vec);
end if;
end;
end loop;
end Inverted_Index;
A sample output:
Enter Filenames: 0.txt 1.txt 2.txt Enter one or more words to search for; <return> to finish: it Found in the following files: 0.txt, 1.txt, 2.txt Enter one or more words to search for; <return> to finish: that I did not find this in any of the given files! Enter one or more words to search for; <return> to finish: what is it Found in the following files: 0.txt, 1.txt Enter one or more words to search for; <return> to finish:
Package Generic_Inverted_Index
The real work is actually done in the package Generic_Inverted_Index. Here is the specification (file generic_inverted_index.ads):
with Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Vectors;
private with Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Hashed_Maps;
generic
type Source_Type (<>) is private;
type Item_Type (<>) is private;
with function Hash(Item: Item_Type) return Ada.Containers.Hash_Type is <>;
package Generic_Inverted_Index is
type Storage_Type is tagged private;
package Source_Vecs is new Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Vectors
(Index_Type => Positive,
Element_Type => Source_Type);
procedure Store(Storage: in out Storage_Type;
Source: Source_Type;
Item: Item_Type);
-- stores Source in a table, indexed by Item
-- if there is already an Item/Source entry, the Table isn_t changed
function Find(Storage: Storage_Type; Item: Item_Type)
return Source_Vecs.Vector;
-- Generates a vector of all Sources for the given Item
function "and"(Left, Right: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Source_Vecs.Vector;
-- returns a vector of all sources, which are both in Left and in Right
function "or"(Left, Right: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Source_Vecs.Vector;
-- returns a vector of all sources, which are in Left, Right, or both
function Empty(Vec: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Boolean;
-- returns true if Vec is empty
function First_Source(The_Sources: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Source_Type;
-- returns the first enty in The_Sources; pre: The_Sourses is not empty
procedure Delete_First_Source(The_Sources: in out Source_Vecs.Vector;
Count: Ada.Containers.Count_Type := 1);
-- Removes the first Count entries; pre: The_Sourses has that many entries
type Process_Source is not null access procedure (Source: Source_Type);
generic
with procedure Do_Something(Source: Source_Type);
procedure Iterate(The_Sources: Source_Vecs.Vector);
-- calls Do_Something(Source) for all sources in The_Sources;
private
function Same_Vector(U,V: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Boolean;
package Maps is new Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Hashed_Maps
-- for each item (=key) we store a vector with sources
(Key_Type => Item_Type,
Element_Type => Source_Vecs.Vector,
Hash => Hash,
Equivalent_Keys => "=",
"=" => Same_Vector);
type Storage_Type is new Maps.Map with null record;
end Generic_Inverted_Index;
Here is the implementation (generic_inverted_index.adb):
package body Generic_Inverted_Index is
use Source_Vecs;
use type Maps.Cursor;
procedure Store(Storage: in out Storage_Type;
Source: Source_Type;
Item: Item_Type) is
begin
if (Storage.Find(Item) = Maps.No_Element) then
Storage.Insert(Key => Item,
New_Item => Empty_Vector & Source);
else
declare
The_Vector: Vector := Storage.Element(Item);
begin
if The_Vector.Last_Element /= Source then
Storage.Replace
(Key => Item,
New_Item => Storage.Element(Item) & Source);
end if;
end;
end if;
end Store;
function Find(Storage: Storage_Type; Item: Item_Type)
return Vector is
begin
return Storage.Element(Item);
exception
when Constraint_Error => return Empty_Vector; -- found nothing
end Find;
function Is_In(S: Source_Type; V: Vector) return Boolean is
VV: Vector := V;
begin
if Empty(V) then
return False;
elsif First_Source(V) = S then
return True;
else
Delete_First_Source(VV);
return Is_In(S, VV);
end if;
end Is_In;
function "and"(Left, Right: Vector) return Vector is
V: Vector := Empty_Vector;
begin
for I in First_Index(Left) .. Last_Index(Left) loop
if Is_In(Element(Left, I), Right) then
V := V & Element(Left, I);
end if;
end loop;
return V;
end "and";
function "or"(Left, Right: Vector) return Vector is
V: Vector := Left; -- all sources in Left
begin -- ... add all sources in Right, which are not already in Left
for I in First_Index(Right) .. Last_Index(Right) loop
if not Is_In(Element(Right, I), Left) then
V := V & Element(Right, I);
end if;
end loop;
return V;
end "or";
function Empty(Vec: Vector) return Boolean
renames Is_Empty;
function First_Source(The_Sources: Vector)
return Source_Type renames First_Element;
procedure Delete_First_Source(The_Sources: in out Vector;
Count: Ada.Containers.Count_Type := 1)
renames Delete_First;
procedure Iterate(The_Sources: Vector) is
V: Vector := The_Sources;
begin
while not Empty(V) loop
Do_Something(First_Source(V));
Delete_First_Source(V);
end loop;
end Iterate;
function Same_Vector(U,V: Vector) return Boolean is
begin
raise Program_Error with "there is no need to call this function";
return False; -- this avoices a compiler warning
end Same_Vector;
end Generic_Inverted_Index;
Package Parse_Lines
The main program also uses an auxiliary package Parse_Lines. Note the usage of Gnat.Regpat, which itself is pattern matching package, specific for gnat/gcc. This package is derived from the Ada implementation of the regular expressions task. Here is the spec (parse_lines.ads):
with Gnat.Regpat;
package Parse_Lines is
Word_Pattern: constant String := "([a-zA-Z]+)";
Filename_Pattern: constant String := "([a-zA-Z0-9_.,;:]+)";
procedure Search_For_Pattern(Pattern: Gnat.Regpat.Pattern_Matcher;
Search_In: String;
First, Last: out Positive;
Found: out Boolean);
function Compile(Raw: String) return Gnat.Regpat.Pattern_Matcher;
generic
Pattern: String;
with procedure Do_Something(Word: String);
procedure Iterate_Words(S: String);
end Parse_Lines;
And here is the implementation (parse_lines.adb):
with Gnat.Regpat;
package body Parse_Lines is
procedure Search_For_Pattern(Pattern: Gnat.Regpat.Pattern_Matcher;
Search_In: String;
First, Last: out Positive;
Found: out Boolean) is
use Gnat.Regpat;
Result: Match_Array (0 .. 1);
begin
Match(Pattern, Search_In, Result);
Found := Result(1) /= No_Match;
if Found then
First := Result(1).First;
Last := Result(1).Last;
end if;
end Search_For_Pattern;
function Compile(Raw: String) return Gnat.Regpat.Pattern_Matcher is
begin
return Gnat.Regpat.Compile(Raw);
end Compile;
procedure Iterate_Words(S: String) is
Current_First: Positive := S'First;
First, Last: Positive;
Found: Boolean;
use Parse_Lines;
Compiled_P: Gnat.Regpat.Pattern_Matcher := Compile(Pattern);
begin
loop
Search_For_Pattern(Compiled_P,
S(Current_First .. S'Last),
First, Last, Found);
exit when not Found;
Do_Something(S(First .. Last));
Current_First := Last+1;
end loop;
end Iterate_Words;
end Parse_Lines;
Alternative Implementation of Generic_Inverted_Index (Ada 2012)
The new standard Ada 2012 simplifies the usage of containers significantly. The following runs under GNAT, when using the -gnat2012 switch. The main program is the same. Here is the spec for Generic_Inverted_Index:
with Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Vectors;
private with Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Hashed_Maps;
generic
type Source_Type (<>) is private;
type Item_Type (<>) is private;
with function Hash(Item: Item_Type) return Ada.Containers.Hash_Type is <>;
package Generic_Inverted_Index is
type Storage_Type is tagged private;
package Source_Vecs is new Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Vectors
(Index_Type => Positive,
Element_Type => Source_Type);
procedure Store(Storage: in out Storage_Type;
Source: Source_Type;
Item: Item_Type);
-- stores Source in a table, indexed by Item
-- if there is already an Item/Source entry, the Table isn_t changed
function Find(Storage: Storage_Type; Item: Item_Type)
return Source_Vecs.Vector;
-- Generates a vector of all Sources for the given Item
function "and"(Left, Right: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Source_Vecs.Vector;
-- returns a vector of all sources, which are both in Left and in Right
function "or"(Left, Right: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Source_Vecs.Vector;
-- returns a vector of all sources, which are in Left, Right, or both
function Empty(Vec: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Boolean;
-- returns true if Vec is empty
type Process_Source is not null access procedure (Source: Source_Type);
generic
with procedure Do_Something(Source: Source_Type);
procedure Iterate(The_Sources: Source_Vecs.Vector);
-- calls Do_Something(Source) for all sources in The_Sources;
private
function Same_Vector(U,V: Source_Vecs.Vector) return Boolean;
package Maps is new Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Hashed_Maps
-- for each item (=key) we store a vector with sources
(Key_Type => Item_Type,
Element_Type => Source_Vecs.Vector,
Hash => Hash,
Equivalent_Keys => "=",
"=" => Same_Vector);
type Storage_Type is new Maps.Map with null record;
end Generic_Inverted_Index;
The implementation:
package body Generic_Inverted_Index is
-- uses some of the new Ada 2012 syntax
use Source_Vecs;
procedure Store(Storage: in out Storage_Type;
Source: Source_Type;
Item: Item_Type) is
use type Maps.Cursor;
begin
if (Storage.Find(Item) = Maps.No_Element) then
Storage.Insert(Key => Item,
New_Item => Empty_Vector & Source);
else
declare
The_Vector: Vector := Storage.Element(Item);
begin
if The_Vector.Last_Element /= Source then
Storage.Replace
(Key => Item,
New_Item => Storage.Element(Item) & Source);
end if;
end;
end if;
end Store;
function Find(Storage: Storage_Type; Item: Item_Type)
return Vector is
begin
return Storage.Element(Item);
exception
when Constraint_Error => return Empty_Vector; -- found nothing
end Find;
function Is_In(S: Source_Type; V: Vector) return Boolean is
begin
for Some_Element of V loop
if Some_Element = S then
return True;
end if;
end loop;
return False;
end Is_In;
function "and"(Left, Right: Vector) return Vector is
V: Vector := Empty_Vector;
begin
for Some_Element of Left loop
if Is_In(Some_Element, Right) then
V := V & Some_Element;
end if;
end loop;
return V;
end "and";
function "or"(Left, Right: Vector) return Vector is
V: Vector := Left; -- all sources in Left
begin
for Some_Element of Right loop
if not Is_In(Some_Element, Left) then
V := V & Some_Element;
end if;
end loop;
return V;
end "or";
function Empty(Vec: Vector) return Boolean
renames Is_Empty;
procedure Iterate(The_Sources: Vector) is
begin
for Some_Element of The_Sources loop
Do_Something(Some_Element);
end loop;
end Iterate;
function Same_Vector(U,V: Vector) return Boolean is
begin
raise Program_Error with "there is no need to call this function";
return False; -- this avoices a compiler warning
end Same_Vector;
end Generic_Inverted_Index;
AutoHotkey
; http://www.autohotkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=41479
inputbox, files, files, file pattern such as c:\files\*.txt
word2docs := object() ; autohotkey_L is needed.
stime := A_tickcount
Loop, %files%, 0,1
{
tooltip,%A_index% / 500
wordList := WordsIn(A_LoopFileFullPath)
InvertedIndex(wordList, A_loopFileFullpath)
}
tooltip
msgbox, % "total time " (A_tickcount-stime)/1000
gosub, search
return
search:
Loop
{
InputBox, keyword , input single keyword only
msgbox, % foundDocs := findword(keyword)
}
return
WordsIn(docpath)
{
FileRead, content, %docpath%
spos = 1
Loop
{
if !(spos := Regexmatch(content, "[a-zA-Z]{2,}",match, spos))
break
spos += strlen(match)
this_wordList .= match "`n"
}
Sort, this_wordList, U
return this_wordList
}
InvertedIndex(byref words, docpath)
{
global word2docs
loop, parse, words, `n,`r
{
if A_loopField =
continue
word2docs[A_loopField] := word2docs[A_loopField] docpath "`n"
}
}
findWord(word2find)
{
global word2docs
if (word2docs[word2find] = "")
return ""
else
return word2docs[word2find]
}
BBC BASIC
This uses a hashed index and linked lists to hold the file numbers.
DIM FileList$(4)
FileList$() = "BBCKEY0.TXT", "BBCKEY1.TXT", "BBCKEY2.TXT", \
\ "BBCKEY3.TXT", "BBCKEY4.TXT"
DictSize% = 30000
DIM Index{(DictSize%-1) word$, link%}
REM Build inverted index:
FOR file% = DIM(FileList$(),1) TO 0 STEP -1
filename$ = FileList$(file%)
F% = OPENIN(filename$)
IF F% = 0 ERROR 100, "Failed to open file"
WHILE NOT EOF#F%
REPEAT C%=BGET#F% : UNTIL C%>64 OR EOF#F% : word$ = CHR$(C%)
REPEAT C%=BGET#F% : word$ += CHR$(C%) : UNTIL C%<65
word$ = FNlower(LEFT$(word$))
hash% = FNhash(word$)
WHILE Index{(hash%)}.word$<>"" AND Index{(hash%)}.word$<>word$
hash% = (hash% + 1) MOD DictSize% : REM Collision
ENDWHILE
Index{(hash%)}.word$ = word$
link% = Index{(hash%)}.link%
IF link%=0 OR link%!4<>file% THEN
DIM heap% 7 : heap%!4 = file%
!heap% = link%
Index{(hash%)}.link% = heap% : REM Linked list
ENDIF
ENDWHILE
CLOSE #F%
NEXT file%
REM Now query the index:
PRINT FNquery("random")
PRINT FNquery("envelope")
PRINT FNquery("zebra")
PRINT FNquery("the")
END
DEF FNquery(A$)
LOCAL hash%, link%, temp%
A$ = FNlower(A$)
hash% = FNhash(A$)
temp% = hash%
WHILE Index{(hash%)}.word$ <> A$
hash% = (hash% + 1) MOD DictSize%
IF hash% = temp% THEN = """" + A$ + """ not found"
ENDWHILE
link% = Index{(hash%)}.link%
A$ = """" + A$ + """ found in "
WHILE link%
A$ += FileList$(link%!4) + ", "
link% = !link%
ENDWHILE
= LEFT$(LEFT$(A$))
DEF FNhash(A$)
LOCAL hash%
IF LEN(A$) < 4 A$ += STRING$(4-LEN(A$),CHR$0)
hash% = !!^A$
IF LEN(A$) > 4 hash% EOR= !(!^A$ + LEN(A$) - 4)
= hash% MOD DictSize%
DEF FNlower(A$)
LOCAL A%,C%
FOR A% = 1 TO LEN(A$)
C% = ASCMID$(A$,A%)
IF C% >= 65 IF C% <= 90 MID$(A$,A%,1) = CHR$(C%+32)
NEXT
= A$
Output:
"random" found in BBCKEY2.TXT, BBCKEY3.TXT, BBCKEY4.TXT "envelope" found in BBCKEY1.TXT, BBCKEY4.TXT "zebra" not found "the" found in BBCKEY0.TXT, BBCKEY1.TXT, BBCKEY2.TXT, BBCKEY3.TXT, BBCKEY4.TXT
C
The code is stupidly long, having to implement a Trie to store strings and all -- the program doesn't do anything shiny, but Tries may be interesting to look at.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char chr_legal[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_-./";
int chr_idx[256] = {0};
char idx_chr[256] = {0};
#define FNAME 0
typedef struct trie_t *trie, trie_t;
struct trie_t {
trie next[sizeof(chr_legal)]; /* next letter; slot 0 is for file name */
int eow;
};
trie trie_new() { return calloc(sizeof(trie_t), 1); }
#define find_word(r, w) trie_trav(r, w, 1)
/* tree traversal: returns node if end of word and matches string, optionally
* create node if doesn't exist
*/
trie trie_trav(trie root, const char * str, int no_create)
{
int c;
while (root) {
if ((c = str[0]) == '\0') {
if (!root->eow && no_create) return 0;
break;
}
if (! (c = chr_idx[c]) ) {
str++;
continue;
}
if (!root->next[c]) {
if (no_create) return 0;
root->next[c] = trie_new();
}
root = root->next[c];
str++;
}
return root;
}
/* complete traversal of whole tree, calling callback at each end of word node.
* similar method can be used to free nodes, had we wanted to do that.
*/
int trie_all(trie root, char path[], int depth, int (*callback)(char *))
{
int i;
if (root->eow && !callback(path)) return 0;
for (i = 1; i < sizeof(chr_legal); i++) {
if (!root->next[i]) continue;
path[depth] = idx_chr[i];
path[depth + 1] = '\0';
if (!trie_all(root->next[i], path, depth + 1, callback))
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
void add_index(trie root, const char *word, const char *fname)
{
trie x = trie_trav(root, word, 0);
x->eow = 1;
if (!x->next[FNAME])
x->next[FNAME] = trie_new();
x = trie_trav(x->next[FNAME], fname, 0);
x->eow = 1;
}
int print_path(char *path)
{
printf(" %s", path);
return 1;
}
/* pretend we parsed text files and got lower cased words: dealing *
* with text file is a whole other animal and would make code too long */
const char *files[] = { "f1.txt", "source/f2.txt", "other_file" };
const char *text[][5] ={{ "it", "is", "what", "it", "is" },
{ "what", "is", "it", 0 },
{ "it", "is", "a", "banana", 0 }};
trie init_tables()
{
int i, j;
trie root = trie_new();
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(chr_legal); i++) {
chr_idx[(int)chr_legal[i]] = i + 1;
idx_chr[i + 1] = chr_legal[i];
}
/* Enable USE_ADVANCED_FILE_HANDLING to use advanced file handling.
* You need to have files named like above files[], with words in them
* like in text[][]. Case doesn't matter (told you it's advanced).
*/
#define USE_ADVANCED_FILE_HANDLING 0
#if USE_ADVANCED_FILE_HANDLING
void read_file(const char * fname) {
char cmd[1024];
char word[1024];
sprintf(cmd, "perl -p -e 'while(/(\\w+)/g) {print lc($1),\"\\n\"}' %s", fname);
FILE *in = popen(cmd, "r");
while (!feof(in)) {
fscanf(in, "%1000s", word);
add_index(root, word, fname);
}
pclose(in);
};
read_file("f1.txt");
read_file("source/f2.txt");
read_file("other_file");
#else
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
if (!text[i][j]) break;
add_index(root, text[i][j], files[i]);
}
}
#endif /*USE_ADVANCED_FILE_HANDLING*/
return root;
}
void search_index(trie root, const char *word)
{
char path[1024];
printf("Search for \"%s\": ", word);
trie found = find_word(root, word);
if (!found) printf("not found\n");
else {
trie_all(found->next[FNAME], path, 0, print_path);
printf("\n");
}
}
int main()
{
trie root = init_tables();
search_index(root, "what");
search_index(root, "is");
search_index(root, "banana");
search_index(root, "boo");
return 0;
}
Output:
Search for "what": f1.txt source/f2.txt
Search for "is": f1.txt other_file source/f2.txt
Search for "banana": other_file
Search for "boo": not found
C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
class InvertedIndex
{
static Dictionary<TItem, IEnumerable<TKey>> Invert<TKey, TItem>(Dictionary<TKey, IEnumerable<TItem>> dictionary)
{
return dictionary
.SelectMany(keyValuePair => keyValuePair.Value.Select(item => new KeyValuePair<TItem, TKey>(item, keyValuePair.Key)))
.GroupBy(keyValuePair => keyValuePair.Key)
.ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Select(keyValuePair => keyValuePair.Value));
}
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("files: ");
var files = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("find: ");
var find = Console.ReadLine();
var dictionary = files.Split().ToDictionary(file => file, file => File.ReadAllText(file).Split().AsEnumerable());
Console.WriteLine("{0} found in: {1}", find, string.Join(" ", Invert(dictionary)[find]));
}
}
Sample output:
files: file1 file2 file3
find: what
what found in: file1 file2
C++
Same idea as the C implementation - trie to store the words
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
const std::string _CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789.:-_/";
const size_t MAX_NODES = 41;
class node
{
public:
node() { clear(); }
node( char z ) { clear(); }
~node() { for( int x = 0; x < MAX_NODES; x++ ) if( next[x] ) delete next[x]; }
void clear() { for( int x = 0; x < MAX_NODES; x++ ) next[x] = 0; isWord = false; }
bool isWord;
std::vector<std::string> files;
node* next[MAX_NODES];
};
class index {
public:
void add( std::string s, std::string fileName ) {
std::transform( s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), tolower );
std::string h;
for( std::string::iterator i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); i++ ) {
if( *i == 32 ) {
pushFileName( addWord( h ), fileName );
h.clear();
continue;
}
h.append( 1, *i );
}
if( h.length() )
pushFileName( addWord( h ), fileName );
}
void findWord( std::string s ) {
std::vector<std::string> v = find( s );
if( !v.size() ) {
std::cout << s + " was not found!\n";
return;
}
std::cout << s << " found in:\n";
for( std::vector<std::string>::iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); i++ ) {
std::cout << *i << "\n";
}
std::cout << "\n";
}
private:
void pushFileName( node* n, std::string fn ) {
std::vector<std::string>::iterator i = std::find( n->files.begin(), n->files.end(), fn );
if( i == n->files.end() ) n->files.push_back( fn );
}
const std::vector<std::string>& find( std::string s ) {
size_t idx;
std::transform( s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), tolower );
node* rt = &root;
for( std::string::iterator i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); i++ ) {
idx = _CHARS.find( *i );
if( idx < MAX_NODES ) {
if( !rt->next[idx] ) return std::vector<std::string>();
rt = rt->next[idx];
}
}
if( rt->isWord ) return rt->files;
return std::vector<std::string>();
}
node* addWord( std::string s ) {
size_t idx;
node* rt = &root, *n;
for( std::string::iterator i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); i++ ) {
idx = _CHARS.find( *i );
if( idx < MAX_NODES ) {
n = rt->next[idx];
if( n ){
rt = n;
continue;
}
n = new node( *i );
rt->next[idx] = n;
rt = n;
}
}
rt->isWord = true;
return rt;
}
node root;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
index t;
std::string s;
std::string files[] = { "file1.txt", "f_text.txt", "text_1b.txt" };
for( int x = 0; x < 3; x++ ) {
std::ifstream f;
f.open( files[x].c_str(), std::ios::in );
if( f.good() ) {
while( !f.eof() ) {
f >> s;
t.add( s, files[x] );
s.clear();
}
f.close();
}
}
while( true ) {
std::cout << "Enter one word to search for, return to exit: ";
std::getline( std::cin, s );
if( !s.length() ) break;
t.findWord( s );
}
return 0;
}
- Output:
Enter one word to search for, return to exit: goodness goodness found in: file1.txt f_text.txt Enter one word to search for, return to exit: because because found in: f_text.txt Enter one word to search for, return to exit: her her found in: text_1b.txt Enter one word to search for, return to exit: fat fat was not found!
Clojure
(ns inverted-index.core
(:require [clojure.set :as sets]
[clojure.java.io :as io]))
(def pattern #"\w+") ; Java regex for a raw term: here a substring of alphanums
(defn normalize [match] (.toLowerCase match)) ; normalization of a raw term
(defn term-seq [text] (map normalize (re-seq pattern text)))
(defn set-assoc
"Produces map with v added to the set associated with key k in map m"
[m k v] (assoc m k (conj (get m k #{}) v)))
(defn index-file [index file]
(with-open [reader (io/reader file)]
(reduce
(fn [idx term] (set-assoc idx term file))
index
(mapcat term-seq (line-seq reader)))))
(defn make-index [files]
(reduce index-file {} files))
(defn search [index query]
(apply sets/intersection (map index (term-seq query))))
CoffeeScript
fs = require 'fs'
make_index = (fns) ->
# words are indexed by filename and 1-based line numbers
index = {}
for fn in fns
for line, line_num in fs.readFileSync(fn).toString().split '\n'
words = get_words line
for word in words
word = mangle(word)
index[word] ||= []
index[word].push [fn, line_num+1]
index
grep = (index, word) ->
console.log "locations for '#{word}':"
locations = index[mangle(word)] || []
for location in locations
[fn, line_num] = location
console.log "#{fn}:#{line_num}"
console.log "\n"
get_words = (line) ->
words = line.replace(/\W/g, ' ').split ' '
(word for word in words when word != '')
mangle = (word) ->
# avoid conflicts with words like "constructor"
'_' + word
do ->
fns = (fn for fn in fs.readdirSync('.') when fn.match /\.coffee/)
index = make_index(fns)
grep index, 'make_index'
grep index, 'sort'
output
> coffee inverted_index.coffee
locations for 'make_index':
inverted_index.coffee:3
inverted_index.coffee:33
inverted_index.coffee:34
locations for 'sort':
anagrams.coffee:8
derangements.coffee:14
heap.coffee:34
heap.coffee:43
huffman.coffee:81
inverted_index.coffee:35
knuth_sample.coffee:12
Common Lisp
(defpackage rosettacode.inverted-index
(:use cl))
(in-package rosettacode.inverted-index)
;; Return a list of tokens in the string LINE. This is rather
;; complicated as CL has no good standard function to do it.
(defun tokenize (line)
(let ((start 0) (len (length line)))
(loop for s = (position-if #'alphanumericp line :start start)
while s
for e = (position-if-not #'alphanumericp line :start (1+ s))
collect (subseq line s e)
while (and e (< e len))
do (setq start e))))
(defun index-file (index filename)
(with-open-file (in filename)
(loop for line = (read-line in nil nil)
while line
do (dolist (token (tokenize line))
(pushnew filename (gethash token index '()))))))
(defun build-index (filenames)
(let ((index (make-hash-table :test #'equal)))
(dolist (f filenames)
(index-file index f))
index))
;; Find the files for QUERY. We use the same tokenizer for the query
;; as for files.
(defun lookup (index query)
(remove-duplicates (loop for token in (tokenize query)
append (gethash token index))
:test #'equal))
Example:
(defparameter *index* (build-index '("file1.txt" "file2.txt" "file3.txt")))
(defparameter *query* "foo bar")
(defparameter *result* (lookup *index* *query*))
(format t "Result for query ~s: ~{~a~^, ~}~%" *query* *result*)
D
import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.string, std.file, std.regex;
void main() {
string[][string] index;
void parseFile(in string fn) {
if (!exists(fn) || !isFile(fn))
throw new Exception("File not found");
foreach (word; readText(fn).splitter(regex(r"\W"))) {
word = word.toLower();
if (!index.get(word, null).canFind(fn))
index[word] ~= fn;
}
}
immutable fileNames = ["inv1.txt", "inv2.txt", "inv3.txt"];
foreach (fName; fileNames)
parseFile(fName);
while (true) {
writef("\nEnter a word to search for: (q to quit): ");
immutable w = readln().strip().toLower();
if (w == "q") {
writeln("quitting.");
break;
}
if (w in index)
writefln("'%s' found in%( %).", w, index[w]);
else
writefln("'%s' not found.", w);
}
}
Both the demo text files and the queries are from the Wikipedia page, they contain:
It is what it is.
What is it?
It is a banana!
- Output:
Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): cat 'cat' not found. Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): is 'is' found in "inv1.txt" "inv2.txt" "inv3.txt". Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): banana 'banana' found in "inv3.txt". Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): it 'it' found in "inv1.txt" "inv2.txt" "inv3.txt". Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): what 'what' found in "inv1.txt" "inv2.txt". Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): q quitting.
Delphi
program Inverted_index;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses
System.SysUtils,
system.Generics.Collections,
SYstem.IOUtils;
type
TIndex = class
private
FFileNames: TArray<string>;
FIndexs: TDictionary<string, string>;
class function SplitWords(Text: string): TArray<string>; static;
function StoreFileName(FileName: TFileName): string;
procedure StoreLine(Line, Id: string);
procedure StoreWord(aWord, Id: string);
function DecodeFileName(Indexed: string): string;
public
procedure AddFile(FileName: TFileName);
constructor Create;
destructor Destroy; override;
function Search(aWord: string): string;
property Index[aWord: string]: string read Search; default;
end;
{ TIndex }
constructor TIndex.Create;
begin
FIndexs := TDictionary<string, string>.Create();
SetLength(FFileNames, 0);
end;
function TIndex.DecodeFileName(Indexed: string): string;
var
f: string;
i: integer;
begin
Result := Indexed;
if Length(FFileNames) > 0 then
for i := 0 to High(FFileNames) do
begin
f := FFileNames[i];
Result := Result.Replace(format('(%x)', [i]), f);
end;
end;
destructor TIndex.Destroy;
begin
FIndexs.Free;
inherited;
end;
function TIndex.Search(aWord: string): string;
begin
aWord := AnsiLowerCase(aWord);
if FIndexs.ContainsKey(aWord) then
Result := 'found in ' + DecodeFileName(FIndexs[aWord])
else
Result := 'not found';
end;
class function TIndex.SplitWords(Text: string): TArray<string>;
const
WORD_CHARSET: set of char = (['a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', 'á', 'é', 'í', 'ó', 'ú', 'ã',
'õ', 'à', 'è', 'ì', 'ò', 'ù', 'Á', 'É', 'Í', 'Ó', 'Ú', 'Ã', 'Õ', 'À', 'È',
'Ì', 'Ò', 'Ù', 'ä', 'ë', 'ï', 'ö', 'ü', 'ç', 'Ç', '_', '0'..'9']);
procedure Append(var value: string);
begin
if not value.IsEmpty then
begin
SetLength(result, length(result) + 1);
result[high(result)] := value;
value := '';
end;
end;
var
c: Char;
inWord, isWordChar: boolean;
w: string;
begin
inWord := False;
w := '';
SetLength(result, 0);
for c in Text do
begin
isWordChar := (c in WORD_CHARSET);
if inWord then
if isWordChar then
w := w + c
else
begin
Append(w);
inWord := false;
Continue;
end;
if not inWord and isWordChar then
begin
inWord := True;
w := c;
end;
end;
if inWord then
Append(w);
end;
function TIndex.StoreFileName(FileName: TFileName): string;
begin
SetLength(FFileNames, length(FFileNames) + 1);
FFileNames[High(FFileNames)] := FileName;
Result := format('"(%x)"', [High(FFileNames)]);
end;
procedure TIndex.StoreLine(Line, Id: string);
var
Words: TArray<string>;
w: string;
begin
Words := SplitWords(Line);
for w in Words do
StoreWord(w, Id);
end;
procedure TIndex.StoreWord(aWord, Id: string);
begin
aWord := AnsiLowercase(aWord);
if FIndexs.ContainsKey(aWord) then
begin
if (FIndexs[aWord].IndexOf(Id) = -1) then
FIndexs[aWord] := FIndexs[aWord] + ', ' + Id;
end
else
FIndexs.Add(aWord, Id);
end;
procedure TIndex.AddFile(FileName: TFileName);
var
Lines: TArray<string>;
Line: string;
Id: string;
begin
if not FileExists(FileName) then
exit;
Lines := TFile.ReadAllLines(FileName);
if length(Lines) = 0 then
exit;
// Remove this line if you want full filename
FileName := ExtractFileName(FileName);
Id := StoreFileName(FileName);
for Line in Lines do
StoreLine(Line, Id);
end;
var
Index: TIndex;
FileNames: TArray<TFileName> = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt'];
FileName: TFileName;
Querys: TArray<string> = ['Cat', 'is', 'banana', 'it', 'what'];
Query, Found: string;
begin
Index := TIndex.Create;
for FileName in FileNames do
Index.AddFile(FileName);
for Query in Querys do
Writeln(format('"%s" %s'#10, [Query, Index[Query]]));
repeat
Writeln('Enter a word to search for: (q to quit)');
Readln(Query);
if Query = 'q' then
Break;
Writeln(format('"%s" %s'#10, [Query, Index[Query]]));
until False;
Index.Free;
end.
Input: Same of D.
- Output:
"Cat" not found "is" found in "file1.txt", "file2.txt", "file3.txt" "banana" found in "file3.txt" "it" found in "file1.txt", "file2.txt", "file3.txt" "what" found in "file1.txt", "file2.txt" Enter a word to search for: (q to quit): q
DuckDB
This entry showcases DuckDB's full text search extension named `fts`. Its functionality is similar to SQLite's FTS5 and is based on the Okapi BM25 ranking function. The extension has numerous options, e.g. for handling different languages, stopwords, relevance of accent marks, and so on, but here we'll focus on the basics.
The following assumes that the text files to be searched can be accessed via the glob `inv*.txt`.
install fts; -- once should be enough
load fts;
create or replace table texts as (from read_text('inv*.txt'));
pragma create_fts_index(
'texts', -- table name
'filename', -- column name
'content', -- column name of text
stemmer = 'english',
stopwords = 'none',
strip_accents = 1,
lower = 1, -- ignore case
overwrite = 1);
# Simple interface to match_bm25 for conjunctive queries:
create or replace function s(queryString) as table (
select filename,
content,
fts_main_texts.match_bm25( filename,
queryString,
conjunctive := 1) as score
from texts
where score IS NOT NULL
);
- Output:
With the above program loaded, we can interact with the DuckDB interpreter using queries of the form: FROM s( 'STRING OF SEARCH TERMS' );
In the following, 'D ' signifies the DuckDB prompt.
D from s('banana');
┌──────────┬───────────────────┬────────────────────┐
│ filename │ content │ score │
│ varchar │ varchar │ double │
├──────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ inv3.txt │ It is a banana!\n │ 0.4259687322722812 │
└──────────┴───────────────────┴────────────────────┘
D from s('What is');
┌──────────┬─────────────────────┬────────────────────┐
│ filename │ content │ score │
│ varchar │ varchar │ double │
├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ inv1.txt │ It is what it is.\n │ 0.2596816186095942 │
│ inv2.txt │ What is it?\n │ 0.2919727823766812 │
└──────────┴─────────────────────┴────────────────────┘
EchoLisp
Indexing
Index values are sets associated with each word (key). We use the local-put-value function to permanently store the index, in the browser local storage.
;; set of input files
(define FILES {T0.txt T1.txt T2.txt})
;; store name for permanent inverted index
(define INVERT "INVERTED-INDEX")
;; get text for each file, and call (action filename text)
(define (map-files action files)
(for ((file files))
(file->string action file)))
;; create store
(local-make-store INVERT)
; invert-word : word -> set of files
(define (invert-word word file store)
(local-put-value word
(make-set (cons file (local-get-value word store))) store))
; parse file text and invert each word
(define (invert-text file text)
(writeln 'Inverting file text)
(let ((text (text-parse text)))
(for ((word text)) (invert-word (string-downcase word) file INVERT))))
Query
Intersect sets values of each word.
;; usage : (inverted-search w1 w2 ..)
(define-syntax-rule (inverted-search w ...)
(and-get-invert (quote w )))
;; intersects all sets referenced by words
;; returns the intersection
(define (and-get-invert words)
(foldl
(lambda(word res)
(set-intersect res (local-get-value word INVERT)))
FILES words))
Output :
(map-files invert-text FILES)
(inverted-search is it)
[0]→ { T0.txt T1.txt T2.txt }
(inverted-search is banana)
[1]→ { T2.txt }
(inverted-search is what)
[2]→ { T0.txt T1.txt }
(inverted-search boule)
[3]→ null
Erlang
This might be used with a lot of large files so we use binaries to save space. That adds <<>> to the search terms. If somebody wants to avoid "end." and "end" being two different terms, just add <<".">> to binary:compile_pattern/1 Ditto for any other character.
-module( inverted_index ).
-export( [from_files/1, search/2, task/0] ).
from_files( Files ) ->
lists:foldl( fun import_from_file/2, dict:new(), Files ).
search( Binaries, Inverted_index ) ->
[Files | T] = [dict:fetch(X, Inverted_index) || X <- Binaries],
lists:foldl( fun search_common/2, Files, T ).
task() ->
Files_contents = [{"file_1", <<"it is what it is">>}, {"file_2", <<"what is it">>}, {"file_3", <<"it is a banana">>}],
[file:write_file(X, Y) || {X, Y} <- Files_contents],
Inverted_index = from_files( [X || {X, _Y} <- Files_contents] ),
Result = search( [<<"what">>, <<"is">>, <<"it">>], Inverted_index ),
io:fwrite( "~p~n", [Result] ),
[file:delete(X) || {X, _Y} <- Files_contents].
import_from_file( File, Dict_acc ) ->
New_dict = dict:from_list( import_from_file_contents(File, file:read_file(File)) ),
dict:merge( fun import_from_file_merge/3, Dict_acc, New_dict ).
import_from_file_contents( File, {ok, Binary} ) ->
[{X, [File]} || X <- binary:split( Binary, binary:compile_pattern([<<" ">>, <<"\n">>]), [global] )];
import_from_file_contents( File, {error, Error} ) ->
io:fwrite( "Error: could not open file ~p: ~p~nContinuing with the rest of them~n", [File, Error] ),
[].
import_from_file_merge( _Key, Files, [New_file] ) -> [New_file | Files].
search_common( Files, Acc ) -> [X || X <- Acc, lists:member(X, Files)].
F#
open System
open System.IO
// Map search terms to associated set of files
type searchIndexMap = Map<string, Set<string>>
let inputSearchCriteria() =
let readLine prompt =
printf "%s: " prompt
Console.ReadLine().Split()
readLine "Files", (readLine "Find") |> Array.map (fun s -> s.ToLower())
let updateIndex indexMap keyValuePair =
let k, v = keyValuePair
match Map.tryFind k indexMap with
| None -> Map.add k (Set.singleton v) indexMap
| Some set -> Map.add k (Set.add v set) indexMap
let buildIndex files =
let fileData file =
File.ReadAllText(file).Split() |> Seq.map (fun word -> word.ToLower(), file)
files |> Seq.collect fileData
|> Seq.fold updateIndex Map.empty
let searchFiles() =
let files, terms = inputSearchCriteria()
let indexes = buildIndex files
let searchResults = terms |> Seq.map (fun term -> Map.find term indexes)
|> Set.intersectMany
printf "Found in: " ; searchResults |> Set.iter (printf "%s ") ; printfn ""
Sample usage:
searchFiles() Files: file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt Find: what is Found in: file1.txt file2.txt
Factor
USING: assocs fry io.encodings.utf8 io.files kernel sequences
sets splitting vectors ;
IN: rosettacode.inverted-index
: file-words ( file -- assoc )
utf8 file-contents " ,;:!?.()[]{}\n\r" split harvest ;
: add-to-file-list ( files file -- files )
over [ swap [ adjoin ] keep ] [ nip 1vector ] if ;
: add-to-index ( words index file -- )
'[ _ [ _ add-to-file-list ] change-at ] each ;
: (index-files) ( files index -- )
[ [ [ file-words ] keep ] dip swap add-to-index ] curry each ;
: index-files ( files -- index )
H{ } clone [ (index-files) ] keep ;
: query ( terms index -- files )
[ at ] curry map [ ] [ intersect ] map-reduce ;
Example use :
( scratchpad ) { "f1" "f2" "f3" } index-files
--- Data stack:
H{ { "a" ~vector~ } { "is" ~vector~ } { "what" ~vector~ } { ...
( scratchpad ) { "what" "is" "it" } swap query .
V{ "f1" "f2" }
FreeBASIC
Const NULL As Any Ptr = 0
Type WordCant
arch As String
cant As Integer
sgte As WordCant Ptr
End Type
Type WordEntry
word As String
cnts As WordCant Ptr
sgte As WordEntry Ptr
End Type
Function addWord(root As WordEntry Ptr, word As String, arch As String) As WordEntry Ptr
Dim As WordEntry Ptr actual = root
Dim As WordCant Ptr newCant
' Search existing word
While actual <> NULL
If actual->word = word Then
' Word exists, update cant for file
Dim As WordCant Ptr cant = actual->cnts
While cant <> NULL
If cant->arch = arch Then
cant->cant += 1
Return root
End If
cant = cant->sgte
Wend
' Add new file cant
newCant = New WordCant
newCant->arch = arch
newCant->cant = 1
newCant->sgte = actual->cnts
actual->cnts = newCant
Return root
End If
actual = actual->sgte
Wend
' Add new word
Dim As WordEntry Ptr newEntry = New WordEntry
newCant = New WordCant
newCant->arch = arch
newCant->cant = 1
newCant->sgte = NULL
newEntry->word = word
newEntry->cnts = newCant
newEntry->sgte = root
Return newEntry
End Function
Function makeDoubleIndex(files() As String) As WordEntry Ptr
Dim As WordEntry Ptr index = NULL
For i As Integer = Lbound(files) To Ubound(files)
Dim As Integer ff = Freefile
Open files(i) For Input As #ff
Dim As String linea, word
While Not Eof(ff)
Line Input #ff, linea
linea = Lcase(linea)
Dim As Integer start = 1, posic
Do
posic = Instr(start, linea, Any " ,.;:!?()[]{}""'")
word = Mid(linea, start, Iif(posic = 0, Len(linea) - start + 1, posic - start))
word = Trim(word)
If Len(word) > 0 Then index = addWord(index, word, files(i))
start = posic + 1
Loop Until posic = 0
Wend
Close #ff
Next
Return index
End Function
Sub wordSearch(index As WordEntry Ptr, searchTerms() As String)
For i As Integer = Lbound(searchTerms) To Ubound(searchTerms)
Dim As String word = Lcase(searchTerms(i))
Dim As WordEntry Ptr entry = index
While entry <> NULL
If entry->word = word Then
Print Chr(34); word; Chr(34); " found in ";
Dim As WordCant Ptr cant = entry->cnts
While cant <> NULL
Print cant->arch;
If cant->sgte <> NULL Then Print ", ";
cant = cant->sgte
Wend
Print
Exit While
End If
entry = entry->sgte
Wend
If entry = NULL Then Print Chr(34); word; """ not found."
Next
End Sub
' Main program
Dim As String files(3) = {"file1.txt", "file2.txt", "file3.txt", "file4.txt"}
Dim As String searchTerms(4) = {"forehead", "of", "hand", "a", "foot"}
Dim As WordEntry Ptr index = makeDoubleIndex(files())
wordSearch(index, searchTerms())
Sleep
Go
package main
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
)
// inverted index representation
var index map[string][]int // ints index into indexed
var indexed []doc
type doc struct {
file string
title string
}
func main() {
// initialize representation
index = make(map[string][]int)
// build index
if err := indexDir("docs"); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
// run user interface
ui()
}
func indexDir(dir string) error {
df, err := os.Open(dir)
if err != nil {
return err
}
fis, err := df.Readdir(-1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if len(fis) == 0 {
return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("no files in %s", dir))
}
indexed := 0
for _, fi := range fis {
if !fi.IsDir() {
if indexFile(dir + "/" + fi.Name()) {
indexed++
}
}
}
return nil
}
func indexFile(fn string) bool {
f, err := os.Open(fn)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return false // only false return
}
// register new file
x := len(indexed)
indexed = append(indexed, doc{fn, fn})
pdoc := &indexed[x]
// scan lines
r := bufio.NewReader(f)
lines := 0
for {
b, isPrefix, err := r.ReadLine()
switch {
case err == io.EOF:
return true
case err != nil:
fmt.Println(err)
return true
case isPrefix:
fmt.Printf("%s: unexpected long line\n", fn)
return true
case lines < 20 && bytes.HasPrefix(b, []byte("Title:")):
// in a real program you would write code
// to skip the Gutenberg document header
// and not index it.
pdoc.title = string(b[7:])
}
// index line of text in b
// again, in a real program you would write a much
// nicer word splitter.
wordLoop:
for _, bword := range bytes.Fields(b) {
bword := bytes.Trim(bword, ".,-~?!\"'`;:()<>[]{}\\|/=_+*&^%$#@")
if len(bword) > 0 {
word := string(bword)
dl := index[word]
for _, d := range dl {
if d == x {
continue wordLoop
}
}
index[word] = append(dl, x)
}
}
}
return true
}
func ui() {
fmt.Println(len(index), "words indexed in", len(indexed), "files")
fmt.Println("enter single words to search for")
fmt.Println("enter a blank line when done")
var word string
for {
fmt.Print("search word: ")
wc, _ := fmt.Scanln(&word)
if wc == 0 {
return
}
switch dl := index[word]; len(dl) {
case 0:
fmt.Println("no match")
case 1:
fmt.Println("one match:")
fmt.Println(" ", indexed[dl[0]].file, indexed[dl[0]].title)
default:
fmt.Println(len(dl), "matches:")
for _, d := range dl {
fmt.Println(" ", indexed[d].file, indexed[d].title)
}
}
}
}
Session:
8448 words indexed in 11 files
enter single words to search for
enter a blank line when done
search word: dog
no match
search word: cat
one match:
docs/pg28554.txt Beyond Lies the Wub
search word: robot
6 matches:
docs/pg32032.txt Second Variety
docs/pg32522.txt Mr. Spaceship
docs/pg32832.txt Piper in the Woods
docs/pg28698.txt The Crystal Crypt
docs/pg28767.txt The Defenders
docs/pg32154.txt The Variable Man
Haskell
import Control.Monad
import Data.Char (isAlpha, toLower)
import qualified Data.Map as M
import qualified Data.IntSet as S
import System.Environment (getArgs)
main = do
(files, _ : q) <- liftM (break (== "--")) getArgs
buildII files >>= mapM_ putStrLn . queryII q
data IIndex = IIndex
[FilePath] -- Files in the index
(M.Map String S.IntSet) -- Maps word to indices of the list
deriving Show
buildII :: [FilePath] -> IO IIndex
buildII files =
liftM (IIndex files . foldl f M.empty . zip [0..]) $
mapM readFile files
where f m (i, s) =
foldl g m $ map (lowercase . filter isAlpha) $ words s
where g m word = M.insertWith S.union word (S.singleton i) m
queryII :: [String] -> IIndex -> [FilePath]
queryII q (IIndex files m) =
map (files !!) $ S.toList $ intersections $
map (\word -> M.findWithDefault S.empty (lowercase word) m) q
intersections [] = S.empty
intersections xs = foldl1 S.intersection xs
lowercase = map toLower
An example of use, assuming the program is named iindex and there exist files t0, t1, and t2 with contents "It is what it is.", "What is it?", and "It is a banana.":
$ iindex t0 t1 t2 -- what is it t0 t1
Icon and Unicon
The following implements a simple case insensitive inverse index using lists simulating texts.
Output:
Enter search terms (^z to quit) : is it Searching for : is it Found in : T0.txt T2.txt T1.txt Enter search terms (^z to quit) : banana Searching for : banana Found in : T2.txt Enter search terms (^z to quit) : fox Searching for : fox Not found : fox Enter search terms (^z to quit) : what Searching for : what Found in : T0.txt T1.txt
The following code will build a full index. Modification of search routines is left as an exercise:
record InvertedIndexRec(simple,full)
procedure FullInvertedIndex(ii,k,words) #: accumulate a full inverted index
/ii := InvertedIndexRec( table(set()), table() ) # create lookup table and null set
wc := 0
every (w := !words, wc +:= 1) do {
if *ii.simple[w] = 0 then {
ii.simple[w] := set() # new word, new set
ii.full[w] := table() # also new table
}
insert(ii.simple[w],k)
/ii.full[w,k] := set()
insert(ii.full[w,k],wc)
}
return ii
end
J
This just implements the required spec, with a simplistic definition for what a word is, and with no support for stop words, nor for phrase searching.
require'files regex strings'
rxutf8 0 NB. support latin1 searches for this example, instead of utf8
files=:words=:buckets=:''
wordre=: rxcomp '[\w'']+'
parse=: ,@:rxfrom~ wordre&rxmatches
invert=: verb define
files=: files,todo=. ~.y-.files
>invert1 each todo
)
invert1=: verb define
file=. files i.<y
words=: ~.words,contents=. ~.parse tolower fread jpath y
ind=. words i. contents
buckets=: buckets,(1+words -&# buckets)#a:
#buckets=: (file,~each ind{buckets) ind}buckets
)
search=: verb define
hits=. buckets{~words i.~.parse tolower y
files {~ >([-.-.)each/hits
)
Example use:
invert '~help/primer/cut.htm';'~help/primer/end.htm';'~help/primer/gui.htm'
>search 'finally learning'
~help/primer/end.htm
~help/primer/gui.htm
>search 'argument'
~help/primer/cut.htm
~help/primer/gui.htm
>search 'around'
~help/primer/gui.htm
Java
package org.rosettacode;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
public class InvertedIndex {
List<String> stopwords = Arrays.asList("a", "able", "about",
"across", "after", "all", "almost", "also", "am", "among", "an",
"and", "any", "are", "as", "at", "be", "because", "been", "but",
"by", "can", "cannot", "could", "dear", "did", "do", "does",
"either", "else", "ever", "every", "for", "from", "get", "got",
"had", "has", "have", "he", "her", "hers", "him", "his", "how",
"however", "i", "if", "in", "into", "is", "it", "its", "just",
"least", "let", "like", "likely", "may", "me", "might", "most",
"must", "my", "neither", "no", "nor", "not", "of", "off", "often",
"on", "only", "or", "other", "our", "own", "rather", "said", "say",
"says", "she", "should", "since", "so", "some", "than", "that",
"the", "their", "them", "then", "there", "these", "they", "this",
"tis", "to", "too", "twas", "us", "wants", "was", "we", "were",
"what", "when", "where", "which", "while", "who", "whom", "why",
"will", "with", "would", "yet", "you", "your");
Map<String, List<Tuple>> index = new HashMap<String, List<Tuple>>();
List<String> files = new ArrayList<String>();
public void indexFile(File file) throws IOException {
int fileno = files.indexOf(file.getPath());
if (fileno == -1) {
files.add(file.getPath());
fileno = files.size() - 1;
}
int pos = 0;
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
for (String line = reader.readLine(); line != null; line = reader
.readLine()) {
for (String _word : line.split("\\W+")) {
String word = _word.toLowerCase();
pos++;
if (stopwords.contains(word))
continue;
List<Tuple> idx = index.get(word);
if (idx == null) {
idx = new LinkedList<Tuple>();
index.put(word, idx);
}
idx.add(new Tuple(fileno, pos));
}
}
System.out.println("indexed " + file.getPath() + " " + pos + " words");
}
public void search(List<String> words) {
for (String _word : words) {
Set<String> answer = new HashSet<String>();
String word = _word.toLowerCase();
List<Tuple> idx = index.get(word);
if (idx != null) {
for (Tuple t : idx) {
answer.add(files.get(t.fileno));
}
}
System.out.print(word);
for (String f : answer) {
System.out.print(" " + f);
}
System.out.println("");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InvertedIndex idx = new InvertedIndex();
for (int i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
idx.indexFile(new File(args[i]));
}
idx.search(Arrays.asList(args[0].split(",")));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private class Tuple {
private int fileno;
private int position;
public Tuple(int fileno, int position) {
this.fileno = fileno;
this.position = position;
}
}
}
Example output:
java -cp bin org.rosettacode.InvertedIndex "huntsman,merit,dog,the,gutenberg,lovecraft,olympian" pg30637.txt pg7025.txt pg82.txt pg9090.txt
indexed pg30637.txt 106473 words
indexed pg7025.txt 205714 words
indexed pg82.txt 205060 words
indexed pg9090.txt 68962 words
huntsman pg82.txt pg7025.txt
merit pg9090.txt pg30637.txt pg82.txt pg7025.txt
dog pg30637.txt pg82.txt pg7025.txt
the
gutenberg pg9090.txt pg30637.txt pg82.txt pg7025.txt
lovecraft pg30637.txt
olympian pg30637.txt
jq
In the first part of this section, the core functions for computing an inverted index and for searching it are presented. These functions will work with jq 1.4 as well as later (and possibly earlier) versions.
The second section shows how to accomplish the interactive task using a version of jq with support for 'input' and 'input_filename' (e.g. jq 1.5).
Part 1: inverted_index and search
# Given an array of [ doc, array_of_distinct_words ]
# construct a lookup table: { word: array_of_docs }
def inverted_index:
reduce .[] as $pair
({};
$pair[0] as $doc
| reduce $pair[1][] as $word
(.; .[$word] += [$doc]));
def search(words):
def overlap(that): . as $this
| reduce that[] as $item ([]; if $this|index($item) then . + [$item] else . end);
. as $dict
| if (words|length) == 0 then []
else reduce words[1:][] as $word
( $dict[words[0]]; overlap( $dict[$word] ) )
end ;Part 2: Interactive Search
In this section, a solution to the task is presented using two invocations of jq: one parses the input files, and the other does everything else. If your shell does not support <(...) then you could create a temporary file to hold the parsed output.
def prompt_search:
"Enter a string or an array of strings to search for, quoting each string, or 0 to exit:",
( (input | if type == "array" then . elif type == "string" then [.]
else empty
end) as $in
| search($in), prompt_search ) ;
$in | inverted_index | prompt_searchExample:
$ jq -r -c -n --argfile in <(jq -R 'split(" ") | select(length>0) | [input_filename, unique]' T?.txt) -f Inverted_index.jq
Enter a string or an array of strings to search for, quoting each string, or 0 to exit:
"is"
["T0.txt","T1.txt","T2.txt"]
Enter a string or an array of strings to search for, quoting each string, or 0 to exit:
["is", "banana"]
["T2.txt"]
Enter a string or an array of strings to search for, quoting each string, or 0 to exit:
0
$
Julia
function makedoubleindex(files)
idx = Dict{String, Dict}()
for file in files
str = lowercase(read(file, String))
words = split(str, r"\s+")
for word in words
if !haskey(idx, word)
idx[word] = Dict{String, Int}()
elseif !haskey(idx[word], file)
(idx[word])[file] = 1
else
(idx[word])[file] += 1
end
end
end
idx
end
function wordsearch(dict, words::Vector{String})
for word in words
if haskey(dict, word)
for (f, n) in dict[word]
println("File $f contains $n instances of <$word>.")
end
else
println("No instances of \"$word\" were found.")
end
end
end
wordsearch(dict, word::String) = wordsearch(dict, [word])
const filenames = ["file1.txt", "file2.txt", "file3.txt"]
const didx = makedoubleindex(filenames)
const searchterms = ["forehead", "of", "hand", "a", "foot"]
wordsearch(didx, searchterms)
Kotlin
// version 1.1.51
import java.io.File
val invIndex = mutableMapOf<String, MutableList<Location>>()
val fileNames = mutableListOf<String>()
val splitter = Regex("""\W+""")
class Location(val fileName: String, val wordNum: Int) {
override fun toString() = "{$fileName, word number $wordNum}"
}
fun indexFile(fileName: String) {
if (fileName in fileNames) {
println("'$fileName' already indexed")
return
}
fileNames.add(fileName)
File(fileName).forEachLine { line ->
for ((i, w) in line.toLowerCase().split(splitter).withIndex()) {
var locations = invIndex[w]
if (locations == null) {
locations = mutableListOf<Location>()
invIndex.put(w, locations)
}
locations.add(Location(fileName, i + 1))
}
}
println("'$fileName' has been indexed")
}
fun findWord(word: String) {
val w = word.toLowerCase()
val locations = invIndex[w]
if (locations != null) {
println("\n'$word' found in the following locations:")
println(locations.map { " $it" }.joinToString("\n"))
}
else println("\n'$word' not found")
println()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
// files to be indexed entered as command line arguments
if (args.size == 0) {
println("No file names have been supplied")
return
}
for (arg in args) indexFile(arg)
println()
println("Enter word(s) to be searched for in these files or 'q' to quit")
while (true) {
print(" ? : ")
val word = readLine()!!
if (word.toLowerCase() == "q") return
findWord(word)
}
}
Contents of files:
inv1.txt -> It is what it is. inv2.txt -> What is it? inv3.txt -> It is a banana!
Sample output:
$ java -jar inverted_index.jar inv1.txt inv2.txt inv3.txt inv1.txt
'inv1.txt' has been indexed
'inv2.txt' has been indexed
'inv3.txt' has been indexed
'inv1.txt' already indexed
Enter word(s) to be searched for in these files or 'q' to quit
? : cat
'cat' not found
? : is
'is' found in the following locations:
{inv1.txt, word number 2}
{inv1.txt, word number 5}
{inv2.txt, word number 2}
{inv3.txt, word number 2}
? : banana
'banana' found in the following locations:
{inv3.txt, word number 4}
? : it
'it' found in the following locations:
{inv1.txt, word number 1}
{inv1.txt, word number 4}
{inv2.txt, word number 3}
{inv3.txt, word number 1}
? : what
'what' found in the following locations:
{inv1.txt, word number 3}
{inv2.txt, word number 1}
? : a
'a' found in the following locations:
{inv3.txt, word number 3}
? : q
Mathematica /Wolfram Language
si = CreateSearchIndex["ExampleData/Text", Method -> "TFIDF"];
Manipulate[Grid[sr = TextSearch[si, ToString[s]];
{FileBaseName /@ Normal[Dataset[sr][All, "ReferenceLocation"]],
Column[#, Frame -> All] & /@ sr[All, "Snippet"]} // Transpose,
Frame -> All], {s, "tree"}]
- Output:
Outputs a graphical user interface with an interactive input field showing filename and the snippet of text that includes the search string.
Nim
We have used as examples three files containing the text from Wikipedia article. We used here an index which keep document name and line number. It would be easy to add the position in the line.
import os, strformat, strutils, tables
type
WordRef = tuple[docnum, linenum: int]
InvertedIndex = object
docs: seq[string]
index: Table[string, seq[WordRef]]
SearchResult = object
total: int
refs: seq[tuple[docname: string; linenums: seq[int]]]
IndexingError = object of CatchableError
const
# Characters composing a word (letters + "'").
WordChars = Letters + {'\''}
# Words to ignore.
StopWords = ["about", "above", "after", "again", "against", "all", "am", "an", "and", "any",
"are", "aren't", "as", "at", "be", "because", "been", "before", "being", "below",
"between", "both", "but", "by", "can't", "cannot", "could", "couldn't", "did",
"didn't", "do", "does", "doesn't", "doing", "don't", "down", "during", "each",
"few", "for", "from", "further", "had", "hadn't", "has", "hasn't", "have",
"haven't", "having", "he", "he'd", "he'll", "he's", "her", "here", "here's",
"hers", "herself", "him", "himself", "his", "how", "how's", "i", "i'd", "i'll",
"i'm", "i've", "if", "in", "into", "is", "isn't", "it", "it's", "its", "itself",
"let's", "me", "more", "most", "mustn't", "my", "myself", "no", "nor", "not",
"of", "off", "on", "once", "only", "or", "other", "ought", "our", "ours",
"ourselves", "out", "over", "own", "same", "shan't", "she", "she'd", "she'll",
"she's", "should", "shouldn't", "so", "some", "such", "than", "that", "that's",
"the", "their", "theirs", "them", "themselves", "then", "there", "there's",
"these", "they", "they'd", "they'll", "they're", "they've", "this", "those",
"through", "to", "too", "under", "until", "up", "very", "was", "wasn't", "we",
"we'd", "we'll", "we're", "we've", "were", "weren't", "what", "what's", "when",
"when's", "where", "where's", "which", "while", "who", "who's", "whom", "why",
"why's", "with", "won't", "would", "wouldn't", "you", "you'd", "you'll", "you're",
"you've", "your", "yours", "yourself", "yourselves"]
template plural(n: int): string = (if n > 1: "s" else: "")
proc add(invIndex: var InvertedIndex; docPath: string) =
## Add a document to the index.
let docName = docPath.extractFilename()
if docName in invIndex.docs:
raise newException(IndexingError, &"{docName}: a document with this name is alreadry indexed.")
invIndex.docs.add docName
let docIndex = invIndex.docs.high
var linenum = 0
var count = 0
try:
for line in docPath.lines:
inc linenum
var word = ""
for ch in line:
if ch in WordChars:
word.add ch.toLowerAscii()
else:
if word.len > 1 and word notin StopWords:
invIndex.index.mgetOrPut(word, newSeq[WordRef]()).add (docIndex, linenum)
inc count
word = ""
except IOError:
raise newException(IndexingError, &"{docName}: error while reading file.")
if count > 0:
echo &"{docName}: {count} word{plural(count)} indexed."
else:
raise newException(IndexingError, &"{docName}: nothing to index.")
func status(invIndex: InvertedIndex): string =
## Display information about the inverted index status.
let words = invIndex.index.len
let docs = invIndex.docs.len
&"Index contains {words} word{plural(words)} from {docs} document{plural(docs)}."
proc search(invIndex: InvertedIndex; word: string): SearchResult =
## Search a word in the inverted index.
## The references are grouped by document.
let refs = invIndex.index.getOrDefault(word)
if refs.len == 0: return
result.total = refs.len
var prevdoc = ""
var prevline = 0
for (docnum, linenum) in refs:
let docname = invIndex.docs[docnum]
if docname == prevDoc:
if linenum != prevline:
result.refs[^1].linenums.add(linenum)
prevline = linenum
else:
result.refs.add((docname, @[linenum]))
prevdoc = docname
prevline = linenum
#———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
var invertedIndex: InvertedIndex
if paramCount() != 1 or not paramStr(1).dirExists():
quit &"Usage: {getAppFileName().lastPathPart} directory"
# Index the documents.
for doc in walkFiles(paramStr(1) / "*.txt"):
try:
invertedIndex.add(doc)
except IndexingError:
echo getCurrentExceptionMsg()
echo invertedIndex.status()
echo ""
# Enter search interface.
var word: string
while true:
try:
stdout.write "Word to search? "
word = stdin.readLine().toLowerAscii().strip()
if word == "q":
echo "Quitting"
break
if not word.allCharsInSet(WordChars):
echo "This word contains invalid characters."
continue
except EOFError:
echo ""
echo "Quitting"
break
# Search word.
let result = invertedIndex.search(word)
if result.refs.len == 0:
echo "No reference found for this word."
continue
# Display the references.
echo &"Found {result.total} reference{plural(result.total)} to “{word}”:"
for (docname, linenums) in result.refs:
stdout.write &"... in “{docName}”, line{plural(linenums.len)}"
for num in linenums: stdout.write ' ', num
echo ""
- Output:
Example of session.
./inverted_index texts a.txt: 129 words indexed. b.txt: 183 words indexed. c.txt: 16 words indexed. Index contains 197 words from 3 documents. Word to search? inverted Found 23 references to “inverted”: ... in “a.txt”, lines 1 3 5 ... in “b.txt”, lines 1 3 5 7 ... in “c.txt”, line 1 Word to search? q Quitting
OCaml
We store the inverted index data in the file "data.inv" using the sexplib library, so we compile with:
ocamlc -c \
-pp "camlp4o -I `ocamlc -where`/type-conv \
-I `ocamlc -where`/sexplib \
pa_type_conv.cmo pa_sexp_conv.cmo" \
unix.cma bigarray.cma nums.cma -I +sexplib sexplib.cma str.cma \
inv.ml
ocamlc -o inv.byte unix.cma bigarray.cma nums.cma -I +sexplib sexplib.cma str.cma inv.cmo
TYPE_CONV_PATH "Inverted_index"
type files = string array with sexp
type inverted_index = (string * int list) list with sexp
type t = files * inverted_index with sexp
open Sexplib
let data_file = "data.inv"
let data_path = Filename.concat Filename.temp_dir_name data_file
let get_inv_index() =
if Sys.file_exists data_path
then t_of_sexp(Sexp.load_sexp data_path)
else ([| |], [])
let load_file f =
let ic = open_in f in
let n = in_channel_length ic in
let s = String.create n in
really_input ic s 0 n;
close_in ic;
(s)
let array_push ar v =
let len = Array.length ar in
Array.init (succ len) (fun i ->
if i < len then Array.unsafe_get ar i else v), len
let uniq lst =
let h = Hashtbl.create (List.length lst) in
List.iter (fun x -> Hashtbl.replace h x ()) lst;
Hashtbl.fold (fun x () xs -> x :: xs) h []
let combine words i inv_index =
let h = Hashtbl.create (List.length inv_index) in
List.iter (fun (w, from) -> Hashtbl.replace h w from) inv_index;
List.iter (fun w ->
let from =
try Hashtbl.find h w
except Not_found -> []
in
Hashtbl.replace h w (i::from)
) words;
Hashtbl.fold (fun w from acc -> (w, from) :: acc) h []
let words_of_file in_file =
let str = load_file in_file in
let words = Str.split (Str.regexp "[ \r\n\t,;.?!:'/\034()]") str in
let words = uniq words in
(words)
let index_file in_file =
let words = words_of_file in_file in
let files, inv_index = get_inv_index() in
let files, i = array_push files in_file in
let inv_index = combine words i inv_index in
let se = sexp_of_t (files, inv_index) in
Sexp.save data_path se
let search_word word =
let files, inv_index = get_inv_index() in
try
let is_in = List.assoc word inv_index in
List.iter (fun i -> print_endline files.(i)) is_in
with Not_found ->
print_endline "# Not Found"
let usage() =
Printf.printf "Usage: %s \
--index-file <file.txt> / \
--search-word <some-word>\n%!" Sys.argv.(0);
exit 1
let () =
let cmd, arg = try (Sys.argv.(1), Sys.argv.(2)) with _ -> usage() in
match cmd, arg with
| "--index-file", in_file -> index_file in_file
| "--search-word", word -> search_word word
| _ -> usage()
Perl
use Set::Object 'set';
# given an array of files, returns the index
sub createindex
{
my @files = @_;
my %iindex;
foreach my $file (@files)
{
open(F, "<", $file) or die "Can't read file $file: $!";
while(<F>) {
s/\A\W+//;
foreach my $w (map {lc} grep {length() >= 3} split /\W+/)
{
if ( exists($iindex{$w}) )
{
$iindex{$w}->insert($file);
} else {
$iindex{$w} = set($file);
}
}
}
close(F);
}
return %iindex;
}
# given an index, search for words
sub search_words_with_index
{
my %idx = %{shift()};
my @words = @_;
my $res = set();
foreach my $w (map {lc} @words)
{
$w =~ s/\W+//g; # strip non-words chars
length $w < 3 and next;
exists $idx{$w} or return set();
$res = $res->is_null
? set(@{$idx{$w}})
: $res * $idx{$w}; # set intersection
}
return @$res;
}
# TESTING
# USAGE: invidx.pl the,list,of,words file1 file2 .. fileN
my @searchwords = split /,/, shift;
# first arg is a comma-separated list of words to search for
print "$_\n"
foreach search_words_with_index({createindex(@ARGV)}, @searchwords);
Phix
Loads all text files in demo\rosetta\ and builds a list of filenames and
a dictionary of {word,file_indexes}, before a handful of quick tests.
Might be better (and almost as easy) for the dictionary values to be say
{total_count, {file nos}, {file counts}}.
-- demo\rosetta\Inverted_index.exw without js -- (file i/o) integer word_count = 0 sequence filenames = {} function is_ascii(string txt) for i=1 to length(txt) do integer ch = txt[i] if ch='\0' or ch>=#7F then return 0 end if end for return 1 end function procedure add_words(string name, sequence words) filenames = append(filenames,name) integer fn = length(filenames) for i=1 to length(words) do string word = words[i] if word[1]>='a' -- skip numbers and word[1]<='z' then integer node = getd_index(word) if node=0 then -- not present setd(word,{fn}) word_count += 1 else sequence val = getd_by_index(node) if find(fn,val)=0 then setd(word,append(val,fn)) end if end if end if end for end procedure procedure load_directory() sequence d = dir(".") for i=1 to length(d) do if not find('d',d[i][D_ATTRIBUTES]) -- skip directories and d[i][D_SIZE]<1024*1024*1024 then -- and files > 1GB string name = d[i][D_NAME] integer fn = open(name,"rb") string txt = lower(get_text(fn)) close(fn) if is_ascii(txt) then -- skip any bitmaps etc sequence words = split_any(txt,"\0\r\n\t !\"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~") add_words(name,words) end if end if end for end procedure function lookup(sequence words) sequence files = {} -- indexes to filenames for i=1 to length(words) do string word = words[i] integer node = getd_index(word) if node=0 then return {} end if sequence val = getd_by_index(node) if i=1 then files = val else for j=length(files) to 1 by -1 do if not find(files[j],val) then files[j..j] = {} end if end for if length(files)=0 then return {} end if end if end for for i=1 to length(files) do files[i] = filenames[files[i]] end for return files end function load_directory() ?word_count ?lookup({"load_directory"}) -- should only be this file ?lookup({"dir"}) -- currently two use this ?lookup({"lower"}) -- currently four use this ?lookup({"lower","dir"}) -- currently two use both ?lookup({"dir","lower"}) -- should be the same two ?lookup({"ban"&"anafish"}) -- should be none ({})
- Output:
Note the distributed version has been modified and is occasionally used for real, so the output will likely differ.
3365
{"Inverted_index.exw"}
{"Inverted_index.exw","viewppm.exw"}
{"AlmostPrime.exw","Inverted_index.exw","RockPaperScissors.exw","viewppm.exw"}
{"Inverted_index.exw","viewppm.exw"}
{"Inverted_index.exw","viewppm.exw"}
{}
PHP
<?php
function buildInvertedIndex($filenames)
{
$invertedIndex = [];
foreach($filenames as $filename)
{
$data = file_get_contents($filename);
if($data === false) die('Unable to read file: ' . $filename);
preg_match_all('/(\w+)/', $data, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
foreach($matches as $match)
{
$word = strtolower($match[0]);
if(!array_key_exists($word, $invertedIndex)) $invertedIndex[$word] = [];
if(!in_array($filename, $invertedIndex[$word], true)) $invertedIndex[$word][] = $filename;
}
}
return $invertedIndex;
}
function lookupWord($invertedIndex, $word)
{
return array_key_exists($word, $invertedIndex) ? $invertedIndex[$word] : false;
}
$invertedIndex = buildInvertedIndex2(['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt']);
foreach(['cat', 'is', 'banana', 'it'] as $word)
{
$matches = lookupWord($invertedIndex, $word);
if($matches !== false)
{
echo "Found the word \"$word\" in the following files: " . implode(', ', $matches) . "\n";
}
else
{
echo "Unable to find the word \"$word\" in the index\n";
}
}
PicoLisp
Assuming three files "file1", "file2" and "file3":
$ cat file1 it is what it is $ cat file2 what is it $ cat file3 it is a banana
we can read them into a binary tree in the global variable '*MyIndex'
(off *MyIndex)
(use Word
(for File '("file1" "file2" "file3")
(in File
(while (skip)
(if (idx '*MyIndex (setq Word (till " ^I^J^M" T)) T)
(push1 (car @) File)
(set Word (cons File)) ) ) ) ) )
(de searchFor @
(apply sect
(extract
'((Word) (val (car (idx '*MyIndex Word))))
(rest) ) ) )Output:
: (searchFor "what" "is" "it")
-> ("file2" "file1")
: (searchFor "a" "banana")
-> ("file3")
: (searchFor "it" "is")
-> ("file3" "file2" "file1")
PowerShell
function Index-File ( [string[]]$FileList )
{
# Create index hashtable, as needed
If ( -not $Script:WordIndex ) { $Script:WordIndex = @{} }
# For each file to be indexed...
ForEach ( $File in $FileList )
{
# Find any previously existing entries for this file
$ExistingEntries = $Script:WordIndex.Keys | Where { $Script:WordIndex[$_] -contains $File }
# For any previously existing entries
# Delete them (prior to reindexing the file)
ForEach ( $Key in $ExistingEntries )
{
$Script:WordIndex[$Key] = @( $Script:WordIndex[$Key] | Where { $_ -ne $File } )
}
# Get the contents of the file, split on non-alphanumeric characters, and remove duplicates
$Words = ( Get-Content $File ) -split '[^a-zA-Z\d]' | Sort -Unique
# For each word in the file...
ForEach ( $Word in $Words )
{
# If the entry for the word already exists...
If ( $Script:WordIndex[$Word] )
{
# Add the file name to the entry
$Script:WordIndex[$Word] += $File
}
Else
{
# Create a new entry
$Script:WordIndex[$Word] = @( $File )
}
}
}
}
function Find-Word ( [string]$Word )
{
return $WordIndex[$Word]
}
# Populate test files
@'
Files full of
various words.
'@ | Out-File -FilePath C:\Test\File1.txt
@'
Create an index
of words.
'@ | Out-File -FilePath C:\Test\File2.txt
@'
Use the index
to find the files.
'@ | Out-File -FilePath C:\Test\File3.txt
# Index files
Index-File C:\Test\File1.txt, C:\Test\File2.txt, C:\Test\File3.txt
Because PowerShell is a shell language, it is "a user interface to do a search". After running the script defining the functions and running a command to index the files, the user can simply run the search function at the PowerShell command prompt. Alternatively, one could create a more complex custom UI or GUI if desired.
# Query index
Find-Word files
- Output:
C:\Test\File1.txt C:\Test\File3.txt
Python
Simple inverted index
First the simple inverted index from here together with an implementation of a search for (multiple) terms from that index.
'''
This implements: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_index of 28/07/10
'''
from pprint import pprint as pp
from glob import glob
try: reduce
except: from functools import reduce
try: raw_input
except: raw_input = input
def parsetexts(fileglob='InvertedIndex/T*.txt'):
texts, words = {}, set()
for txtfile in glob(fileglob):
with open(txtfile, 'r') as f:
txt = f.read().split()
words |= set(txt)
texts[txtfile.split('\\')[-1]] = txt
return texts, words
def termsearch(terms): # Searches simple inverted index
return reduce(set.intersection,
(invindex[term] for term in terms),
set(texts.keys()))
texts, words = parsetexts()
print('\nTexts')
pp(texts)
print('\nWords')
pp(sorted(words))
invindex = {word:set(txt
for txt, wrds in texts.items() if word in wrds)
for word in words}
print('\nInverted Index')
pp({k:sorted(v) for k,v in invindex.items()})
terms = ["what", "is", "it"]
print('\nTerm Search for: ' + repr(terms))
pp(sorted(termsearch(terms)))
Sample Output
Texts
{'T0.txt': ['it', 'is', 'what', 'it', 'is'],
'T1.txt': ['what', 'is', 'it'],
'T2.txt': ['it', 'is', 'a', 'banana']}
Words
['a', 'banana', 'is', 'it', 'what']
Inverted Index
{'a': ['T2.txt'],
'banana': ['T2.txt'],
'is': ['T0.txt', 'T1.txt', 'T2.txt'],
'it': ['T0.txt', 'T1.txt', 'T2.txt'],
'what': ['T0.txt', 'T1.txt']}
Term Search for: ['what', 'is', 'it']
['T0.txt', 'T1.txt']
Full inverted index
There is a re-write of the termsearch function to work off this type of index, as well as a new phrasesearch function
The phrasesearch function will return multiple matches in a text, and goes on to show how this can be used to pick the text with most matches.
It is assumed that the following code is added to the end of the code for the simple case above and so shares its file opening and parsing results
from collections import Counter
def termsearch(terms): # Searches full inverted index
if not set(terms).issubset(words):
return set()
return reduce(set.intersection,
(set(x[0] for x in txtindx)
for term, txtindx in finvindex.items()
if term in terms),
set(texts.keys()) )
def phrasesearch(phrase):
wordsinphrase = phrase.strip().strip('"').split()
if not set(wordsinphrase).issubset(words):
return set()
#firstword, *otherwords = wordsinphrase # Only Python 3
firstword, otherwords = wordsinphrase[0], wordsinphrase[1:]
found = []
for txt in termsearch(wordsinphrase):
# Possible text files
for firstindx in (indx for t,indx in finvindex[firstword]
if t == txt):
# Over all positions of the first word of the phrase in this txt
if all( (txt, firstindx+1 + otherindx) in finvindex[otherword]
for otherindx, otherword in enumerate(otherwords) ):
found.append(txt)
return found
finvindex = {word:set((txt, wrdindx)
for txt, wrds in texts.items()
for wrdindx in (i for i,w in enumerate(wrds) if word==w)
if word in wrds)
for word in words}
print('\nFull Inverted Index')
pp({k:sorted(v) for k,v in finvindex.items()})
print('\nTerm Search on full inverted index for: ' + repr(terms))
pp(sorted(termsearch(terms)))
phrase = '"what is it"'
print('\nPhrase Search for: ' + phrase)
print(phrasesearch(phrase))
# Show multiple match capability
phrase = '"it is"'
print('\nPhrase Search for: ' + phrase)
ans = phrasesearch(phrase)
print(ans)
ans = Counter(ans)
print(' The phrase is found most commonly in text: ' + repr(ans.most_common(1)[0][0]))
Sample Output
Full Inverted Index
{'a': [('T2.txt', 2)],
'banana': [('T2.txt', 3)],
'is': [('T0.txt', 1), ('T0.txt', 4), ('T1.txt', 1), ('T2.txt', 1)],
'it': [('T0.txt', 0), ('T0.txt', 3), ('T1.txt', 2), ('T2.txt', 0)],
'what': [('T0.txt', 2), ('T1.txt', 0)]}
Term Search on full inverted index for: ['what', 'is', 'it']
['T0.txt', 'T1.txt']
Phrase Search for: "what is it"
['T1.txt']
Phrase Search for: "it is"
['T0.txt', 'T0.txt', 'T2.txt']
The phrase is found most commonly in text: 'T0.txt'
Racket
#!/usr/bin/env racket
#lang racket
(command-line
#:args (term . files)
(define rindex (make-hasheq))
(for ([file files])
(call-with-input-file file
(λ(in) (let loop ()
(define w (regexp-match #px"\\w+" in))
(when w
(let* ([w (bytes->string/utf-8 (car w))]
[w (string->symbol (string-foldcase w))]
[r (hash-ref rindex w '())])
(unless (member file r) (hash-set! rindex w (cons file r)))
(loop)))))))
(define res
(for/list ([w (regexp-match* #px"\\w+" term)])
(list->set (hash-ref rindex (string->symbol (string-foldcase w)) '()))))
(define all (set->list (apply set-intersect res)))
(if (null? all)
(printf "No matching files.\n")
(printf "Terms found at: ~a.\n" (string-join all ", "))))
- Output:
$ echo "It is what it is." > F1 $ echo "What is it?" > F2 $ echo "It is a banana." > F3 $ ./search.rkt "what" F? Terms found at: F1, F2. $ ./search.rkt "a" F? Terms found at: F3. $ ./search.rkt "what a" F? No matching files. $ ./search.rkt "what is it" F? Terms found at: F1, F2.
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
sub MAIN (*@files) {
my %norm;
do for @files -> $file {
%norm.push: $file X=> slurp($file).lc.words;
}
(my %inv).push: %norm.invert.unique;
while prompt("Search terms: ").words -> @words {
for @words -> $word {
say "$word => {%inv.{$word.lc}//'(not found)'}";
}
}
}
REXX
Note: In this algorithm, word indices start at 1.
Note: the Burma Shave signs were created from 1930 ──► 1951 and were common among the rural byways of America.
To see more about Burma Shave signs, see the Wikipedia entry: Burma Shave signs.
/*REXX program illustrates building a simple inverted index and a method of word find.*/
@.= /*a dictionary of words (so far). */
!= /*a list of found words (so far). */
call invertI 0, 'BURMA0.TXT' /*read the file: BURMA0.TXT ··· */
call invertI 1, 'BURMA1.TXT' /* " " " BURMA1.TXT ··· */
call invertI 2, 'BURMA2.TXT' /* " " " BURMA2.TXT ··· */
call invertI 3, 'BURMA3.TXT' /* " " " BURMA3.TXT ··· */
call invertI 4, 'BURMA4.TXT' /* " " " BURMA4.TXT ··· */
call invertI 5, 'BURMA5.TXT' /* " " " BURMA5.TXT ··· */
call invertI 6, 'BURMA6.TXT' /* " " " BURMA6.TXT ··· */
call invertI 7, 'BURMA7.TXT' /* " " " BURMA7.TXT ··· */
call invertI 8, 'BURMA8.TXT' /* " " " BURMA8.TXT ··· */
call invertI 9, 'BURMA9.TXT' /* " " " BURMA9.TXT ··· */
call findAword "huz" /*find a word. */
call findAword "60" /*find another word. */
call findAword "don't" /*and find another word. */
call findAword "burma-shave" /*and find yet another word. */
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
findAword: procedure expose @.; arg x /*get an uppercase version of the X arg*/
parse arg ox /*get original (as-is) value of X arg.*/
_=@.x; oxo='───'ox"───"
if _=='' then do
say 'word' oxo "not found."
return 0
end
_@=_ /*save _ text, pass it back to invoker.*/
say 'word' oxo "found in:"
do until _==''; parse var _ f w _
say ' file='f " word="w
end /*until ··· */
return _@
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
invertI: procedure expose @. !; parse arg #,fn /*the file number and the filename. */
call lineout fn /*close the file, ··· just in case. */
w=0 /*the number of words found (so far). */
do while lines(fn)\==0 /* [↓] process the entire file. */
_=space( linein(fn) ) /*read a line, elide superfluous blanks*/
if _=='' then iterate /*if a blank record, then ignore it. */
say 'file' #", record:" _ /*display the record ──► terminal. */
do until _=='' /*pick off words from record until done*/
parse upper var _ ? _ /*pick off a word (it's in uppercase).*/
?=stripper(?) /*strip any trailing punctuation. */
if ?='' then iterate /*is the word now all blank (or null)? */
w=w+1 /*bump the word counter (index). */
@.?=@.? # w /*append the new word to a list. */
if wordpos(?,!)==0 then !=! ? /*add it to the list of words found. */
end /*until ··· */
end /*while ··· */
say; call lineout fn /*close the file, just to be neat&safe.*/
return w /*return the index of word in record. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
stripper: procedure; parse arg q /*remove punctuation at the end of word*/
@punctuation= '.,:;?¿!¡∙·'; do j=1 for length(@punctuation)
q=strip(q, 'T', substr(@punctuation, j, 1) )
end /*j*/
return q
- output when using the default inputs:
Output note: The Burma-Shave company was shocked at the number of automobile fenders mailed to the company.
All fender senders received a half-pound jar of Burma-Shave.
file 0, record: Rip a fender
file 0, record: Off your Car
file 0, record: Send it in
file 0, record: For a half-pound jar
file 0, record: Burma-Shave
file 1, record: A peach
file 1, record: Looks good
file 1, record: With lots of fuzz
file 1, record: Man's no peach
file 1, record: And never was
file 1, record: Burma-Shave
file 2, record: Does your husband
file 2, record: Misbehave
file 2, record: Grunt and grumble
file 2, record: Rant and rave ?
file 2, record: Shoot the brute some
file 2, record: Burma-Shave
file 3, record: Don't take a curve
file 3, record: At 60 per
file 3, record: We hate to lose
file 3, record: A customer
file 3, record: Burma-Shave
file 4, record: Every shaver
file 4, record: Now can snore
file 4, record: Six more minutes
file 4, record: Than before
file 4, record: By using
file 4, record: Burma-Shave
file 5, record: He played
file 5, record: a sax
file 5, record: Had no B.O.
file 5, record: But his whiskers scratched
file 5, record: So she let him go
file 5, record: Burma-Shave
file 6, record: Henry the Eighth
file 6, record: Prince of Friskers
file 6, record: Lost five wives
file 6, record: But kept his whiskers
file 6, record: Burma-Shave
file 7, record: Listen birds
file 7, record: These signs cost
file 7, record: Money
file 7, record: So roost a while
file 7, record: But don't get funny
file 7, record: Burma-Shave
file 8, record: My man
file 8, record: Won't shave
file 8, record: Sez Hazel Huz
file 8, record: But I should worry
file 8, record: Dora's does
file 8, record: Burma-Shave
file 9, record: Past
file 9, record: Schoolhouses
file 9, record: Take it slow
file 9, record: Let the little
file 9, record: Shavers grow
file 9, record: Burma-Shave
word ───huz─── found in:
file=8 word=7
word ───60─── found in:
file=3 word=6
word ───don't─── found in:
file=3 word=1
file=7 word=12
word ───burma-shave─── found in:
file=0 word=14
file=1 word=15
file=2 word=15
file=3 word=14
file=4 word=13
file=5 word=17
file=6 word=14
file=7 word=15
file=8 word=14
file=9 word=11
Ruby
I broke this into two parts, storing the index as a file on disk to better represent how this might actually be used in practice. The indexmerge part will create or update the index data file with any files given on the command line, and then indexsearch will use the data file to search for any terms listed on the command line. The example is based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_index of 2010/09/10.
indexmerge.rb
if File.exist? "index.dat"
@data = Marshal.load open("index.dat")
else
@data = {}
end
# Let's give the string class the ability to tokenize itsself into lowercase
# words with no punctuation.
class String
def index_sanitize
self.split.collect do |token|
token.downcase.gsub(/\W/, '')
end
end
end
# Just implementing a simple inverted index here.
ARGV.each do |filename|
open filename do |file|
file.read.index_sanitize.each do |word|
@data[word] ||= []
@data[word] << filename unless @data[word].include? filename
end
end
end
open("index.dat", "w") do |index|
index.write Marshal.dump(@data)
end
indexsearch.rb
if File.exist? "index.dat"
@data = Marshal.load open("index.dat")
else
raise "The index data file could not be located."
end
class String
def index_sanitize
self.split.collect do |token|
token.downcase.gsub(/\W/, '')
end
end
end
# Take anything passed in on the command line in any form and break it
# down the same way we did when making the index.
ARGV.join(' ').index_sanitize.each do |word|
@result ||= @data[word]
@result &= @data[word]
end
p @result
Output
> ./indexmerge.rb file1 > ./indexmerge.rb file2 file3 > ./indexsearch.rb what is it ["file1", "file2"] > ./indexsearch.rb "a banana" ["file3"] > ./indexsearch.rb It iS\! ["file1", "file2", "file3"]
Rust
// Part 1: Inverted index structure
use std::{
borrow::Borrow,
collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
};
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub struct InvertedIndex<T> {
indexed: BTreeMap<String, BTreeSet<usize>>,
sources: Vec<T>,
}
impl<T> InvertedIndex<T> {
pub fn add<I, V>(&mut self, source: T, tokens: I)
where
I: IntoIterator<Item = V>,
V: Into<String>,
{
let source_id = self.sources.len();
self.sources.push(source);
for token in tokens {
self.indexed
.entry(token.into())
.or_insert_with(BTreeSet::new)
.insert(source_id);
}
}
pub fn search<'a, I, K>(&self, tokens: I) -> impl Iterator<Item = &T>
where
String: Borrow<K>,
K: Ord + ?Sized + 'a,
I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a K>,
{
let mut tokens = tokens.into_iter();
tokens
.next()
.and_then(|token| self.indexed.get(token).cloned())
.and_then(|first| {
tokens.try_fold(first, |found, token| {
self.indexed
.get(token)
.map(|sources| {
found
.intersection(sources)
.cloned()
.collect::<BTreeSet<_>>()
})
.filter(|update| !update.is_empty())
})
})
.unwrap_or_else(BTreeSet::new)
.into_iter()
.map(move |source| &self.sources[source])
}
pub fn tokens(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
self.indexed.keys().map(|it| it.as_str())
}
pub fn sources(&self) -> &[T] {
&self.sources
}
}
// Part 2: File walking and processing
use std::{
ffi::OsString,
fmt::{Debug, Display},
fs::{read_dir, DirEntry, File, ReadDir},
io::{self, stdin, Read},
path::{Path, PathBuf},
};
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Files {
dirs: Vec<ReadDir>,
}
impl Files {
pub fn walk<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Self> {
Ok(Files {
dirs: vec![read_dir(path)?],
})
}
}
impl Iterator for Files {
type Item = DirEntry;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
'outer: while let Some(mut current) = self.dirs.pop() {
while let Some(entry) = current.next() {
if let Ok(entry) = entry {
let path = entry.path();
if !path.is_dir() {
self.dirs.push(current);
return Some(entry);
} else if let Ok(dir) = read_dir(path) {
self.dirs.push(current);
self.dirs.push(dir);
continue 'outer;
}
}
}
}
None // No directory left
}
}
fn tokenize<'a>(input: &'a str) -> impl Iterator<Item = String> + 'a {
input
.split(|c: char| !c.is_alphanumeric())
.filter(|token| !token.is_empty())
.map(|token| token.to_lowercase())
}
fn tokenize_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<BTreeSet<String>> {
let mut buffer = Vec::new();
File::open(path)?.read_to_end(&mut buffer)?;
let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer);
Ok(tokenize(&text).collect::<BTreeSet<_>>())
}
fn tokenize_query(input: &str) -> Vec<String> {
let result = tokenize(input).collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
// Make a vector sorted by length, so that longer tokens are processed first.
// This heuristics should narrow the resulting set faster.
let mut result = result.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
result.sort_by_key(|item| usize::MAX - item.len());
result
}
// Part 3: Interactive application
fn args() -> io::Result<(OsString, BTreeSet<OsString>)> {
let mut args = std::env::args_os().skip(1); // Skip the executable's name
let path = args
.next()
.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "missing path"))?;
let extensions = args.collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
Ok((path, extensions))
}
fn print_hits<'a, T>(hits: impl Iterator<Item = T>)
where
T: Display,
{
let mut found_none = true;
for (number, hit) in hits.enumerate() {
println!(" [{}] {}", number + 1, hit);
found_none = false;
}
if found_none {
println!("(none)")
}
}
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let (path, extensions) = args()?;
let mut files = InvertedIndex::<PathBuf>::default();
let mut content = InvertedIndex::<PathBuf>::default();
println!(
"Indexing {:?} files in '{}'",
extensions,
path.to_string_lossy()
);
for path in Files::walk(path)?.map(|file| file.path()).filter(|path| {
path.extension()
.filter(|&ext| extensions.is_empty() || extensions.contains(ext))
.is_some()
}) {
files.add(path.clone(), tokenize(&path.to_string_lossy()));
match tokenize_file(&path) {
Ok(tokens) => content.add(path, tokens),
Err(e) => eprintln!("Skipping a file {}: {}", path.display(), e),
}
}
println!(
"Indexed {} tokens in {} files.",
content.tokens().count(),
content.sources.len()
);
// Run the query UI loop
let mut query = String::new();
loop {
query.clear();
println!("Enter search query:");
if stdin().read_line(&mut query).is_err() || query.trim().is_empty() {
break;
}
match query.trim() {
"/exit" | "/quit" | "" => break,
"/tokens" => {
println!("Tokens:");
for token in content.tokens() {
println!("{}", token);
}
println!();
}
"/files" => {
println!("Sources:");
for source in content.sources() {
println!("{}", source.display());
}
println!();
}
_ => {
let query = tokenize_query(&query);
println!();
println!("Found hits:");
print_hits(content.search(query.iter()).map(|it| it.display()));
println!("Found file names:");
print_hits(files.search(query.iter()).map(|it| it.display()));
println!();
}
}
}
Ok(())
}
- Output:
C:\Temp>inverted_index books html htm txt
Indexing {"htm", "html", "txt"} files in 'books'
Indexed 34810 tokens in 9 files.
Enter search query:
war
Found hits:
[1] books\EN\C\Chaucer, Geoffrey - Canterbury Tales.txt
[2] books\EN\H\Homer - The Odyssey.txt
[3] books\EN\O\Orwell, George - 1984.html
[4] books\EN\W\Wells, Herbert George - The Invisible Man.txt
[5] books\EN\W\Wells, Herbert George - The Island of Doctor Moreau.txt
[6] books\EN\W\Wells, Herbert George - The Time Machine.txt
[7] books\EN\W\Wells, Herbert George - War of the Worlds.txt
Found file names:
[1] books\EN\W\Wells, Herbert George - War of the Worlds.txt
Enter search query:
war gun
Found hits:
[1] books\EN\O\Orwell, George - 1984.html
[2] books\EN\W\Wells, Herbert George - War of the Worlds.txt
Found file names:
(none)
Enter search query:
/exit
C:\Temp>
Scala
object InvertedIndex extends App {
import java.io.File
// indexer
val WORD = raw"(\w+)".r
def parse(s: String) = WORD.findAllIn(s).map(_.toString.toLowerCase)
def invertedIndex(files: Seq[File]): Map[String,Set[File]] = {
var i = Map[String,Set[File]]() withDefaultValue Set.empty
files.foreach{f => scala.io.Source.fromFile(f).getLines flatMap parse foreach
(w => i = i + (w -> (i(w) + f)))}
i
}
// user interface
args match {
case _ if args.length < 2 => println("Usage: InvertedIndex ALLSEARCHWORDS FILENAME...")
case Array(searchwords, filenames @ _*) =>
val queries = parse(searchwords).toList
val files = filenames.map(new File(_)).filter{f => if (!f.exists) println(s"Ignoring $f"); f.exists}
(queries, files) match {
case (q, _) if q.isEmpty => println("Missing search words")
case (_, f) if f.isEmpty => println("Missing extant files")
case _ => val index = invertedIndex(files)
println(s"""Searching for ${queries map ("\""+_+"\"") mkString " and "} in ${files.size} files:""")
queries.map(index).foldLeft(files.toSet)(_ intersect _) match {
case m if m.isEmpty => println("No matching files")
case m => println(m mkString "\n")
}
}
}
}
- Output:
> InvertedIndex "the" file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt Searching for "the" in 3 files: data/file1.txt data/file2.txt data/file3.txt > InvertedIndex "the cat sat" file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt Searching for "the" and "cat" and "sat" in 3 files: file1.txt file2.txt > InvertedIndex fox file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt Searching for "fox" in 3 files: file3.txt > InvertedIndex abc file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt Searching for "abc" in 3 files: No matching files
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.5
proc wordsInString str {
# We define "words" to be "maximal sequences of 'word' characters".
# The other possible definition is to use 'non-space' characters.
regexp -all -inline {\w+} $str
}
# Adds a document to the index. The index is a map from words to a map
# from filenames to lists of word locations.
proc addDocumentToIndex {filename} {
global index
set f [open $filename]
set data [read $f]
close $f
set i 0
array set localidx {}
foreach word [wordsInString $data] {
lappend localidx($word) $i
incr i
}
# Transcribe into global index
foreach {word places} [array get localidx] {
dict set index($word) $filename $places
}
}
# How to use the index to find files containing a word
proc findFilesForWord {word} {
global index
if {[info exists index($word)]} {
return [dict keys $index($word)]
}
}
# How to use the index to find files containing all words from a list.
# Note that this does not use the locations within the file.
proc findFilesWithAllWords {words} {
set files [findFilesForWord [lindex $words 0]]
foreach w [lrange $words 1 end] {
set wf [findFilesForWord $w]
set newfiles {}
foreach f $files {
if {$f in $wf} {lappend newfiles $f}
}
set files $newfiles
}
return $files
}
# How to use the index to find a sequence of words in a file.
proc findFilesWithWordSequence {words} {
global index
set files {}
foreach w $words {
if {![info exist index($w)]} {
return
}
}
dict for {file places} $index([lindex $words 0]) {
if {$file in $files} continue
foreach start $places {
set gotStart 1
foreach w [lrange $words 1 end] {
incr start
set gotNext 0
foreach {f ps} $index($w) {
if {$f ne $file} continue
foreach p $ps {
if {$p == $start} {
set gotNext 1
break
}
}
if {$gotNext} break
}
if {!$gotNext} {
set gotStart 0
break
}
}
if {$gotStart} {
lappend files $file
break
}
}
}
return $files
}
For the GUI:
package require Tk
pack [labelframe .files -text Files] -side left -fill y
pack [listbox .files.list -listvariable files]
pack [button .files.add -command AddFile -text "Add File to Index"]
pack [labelframe .found -text Found] -side right -fill y
pack [listbox .found.list -listvariable found] -fill x
pack [entry .found.entry -textvariable terms] -fill x
pack [button .found.findAll -command FindAll \
-text "Find File with All"] -side left
pack [button .found.findSeq -command FindSeq \
-text "Find File with Sequence"] -side right
# The actions invoked by various GUI buttons
proc AddFile {} {
global files
set f [tk_getOpenFile]
if {$f ne ""} {
addDocumentToIndex $f
lappend files $f
}
}
proc FindAll {} {
global found terms
set words [wordsInString $terms]
set fs [findFilesWithAllWords $words]
lappend found "Searching for files with all $terms" {*}$fs \
"---------------------"
}
proc FindSeq {} {
global found terms
set words [wordsInString $terms]
set fs [findFilesWithWordSequence $words]
lappend found "Searching for files with \"$terms\"" {*}$fs \
"---------------------"
}
TUSCRIPT
$$ MODE TUSCRIPT
files="file1'file2'file3"
LOOP file=files
ERROR/STOP CREATE (file,seq-o,-std-)
ENDLOOP
content1="it is what it is"
content2="what is it"
content3="it is a banana"
FILE/ERASE "file1" = content1
FILE/ERASE "file2" = content2
FILE/ERASE "file3" = content3
ASK "search for": search=""
IF (search=="") STOP
BUILD R_TABLE/USER/AND search = *
DATA {search}
LOOP/CLEAR file=files
ACCESS q: READ/RECORDS $file s.z/u,content,count
LOOP
COUNT/NEXT/EXIT q (-; search;-;-)
IF (count!=0) files=APPEND (files," ",file)
ENDLOOP
ENDACCESs q
ENDLOOP
PRINT "-> ",filesOutput:
search for >what is it -> file1 file2 search for >banana -> file3 search for >it is -> file1 file2 file3
UNIX Shell
Associative array
#!/bin/ksh
typeset -A INDEX
function index {
typeset num=0
for file in "$@"; do
tr -s '[:punct:]' ' ' < "$file" | while read line; do
for token in $line; do
INDEX[$token][$num]=$file
done
done
((++num))
done
}
function search {
for token in "$@"; do
for file in "${INDEX[$token][@]}"; do
echo "$file"
done
done | sort | uniq -c | while read count file; do
(( count == $# )) && echo $file
done
}
Example use:
index *.txt
search hello worldDirectory on filesystem
The following is an attempt (not yet complete) to port the above script to pdksh, and perhaps other Bourne-compatible shells.
- TODO Fill in "search.sh".
- Add note about slowness.
#!/bin/sh
# index.sh - create an inverted index
unset IFS
: ${INDEX:=index}
# Prohibit '\n' in filenames (because '\n' is
# the record separator for $INDEX/all.tab).
for file in "$@"; do
# Use printf(1), not echo, because "$file" might start with
# a hyphen and become an option to echo.
test 0 -eq $(printf %s "$file" | wc -l) || {
printf '%s\n' "$file: newline in filename" >&2
exit 1
}
done
# Make a new directory for the index, or else
# exit with the error message from mkdir(1).
mkdir "$INDEX" || exit $?
fi=1
for file in "$@"; do
printf %s "Indexing $file." >&2
# all.tab maps $fi => $file
echo "$fi $file" >> "$INDEX/all.tab"
# Use punctuation ([:punct:]) and whitespace (IFS)
# to split tokens.
ti=1
tr -s '[:punct:]' ' ' < "$file" | while read line; do
for token in $line; do
# Index token by position ($fi, $ti). Ignore
# error from mkdir(1) if directory exists.
mkdir "$INDEX/$token" 2>/dev/null
echo $ti >> "$INDEX/$token/$fi"
: $((ti += 1))
# Show progress. Print a dot per 1000 tokens.
case "$ti" in
*000) printf .
esac
done
done
echo >&2
: $((fi += 1))
done
#!/bin/sh
# search.sh - search an inverted index
unset IFS
: ${INDEX:=index}
want=sequence
while getopts aos name; do
case "$name" in
a) want=all;;
o) want=one;;
s) want=sequence;;
*) exit 2;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))
all() {
echo "TODO"
exit 2
}
one() {
echo "TODO"
exit 2
}
sequence() {
echo "TODO"
exit 2
}
$want "$@"
Wren
import "./ioutil" for FileUtil, Input
import "./pattern" for Pattern
import "./str" for Str
import "os" for Process
var invIndex = {}
var fileNames = []
var splitter = Pattern.new("+1/W")
class Location {
construct new(fileName, wordNum) {
_fileName = fileName
_wordNum = wordNum
}
toString { "%(_fileName), word number %(_wordNum)" }
}
var indexFile = Fn.new { |fileName|
if (fileNames.contains(fileName)) {
System.print("'%(fileName)' already indexed")
return
}
fileNames.add(fileName)
var lines = FileUtil.readLines(fileName)
lines.each { |line|
line = Str.lower(line)
var i = 0
for (w in splitter.splitAll(line)) {
var locations = invIndex[w]
if (!locations) {
locations = []
invIndex[w] = locations
}
locations.add(Location.new(fileName, i + 1))
i = i + 1
}
}
System.print("'%(fileName)' has been indexed")
}
var findWord = Fn.new { |word|
var w = Str.lower(word)
var locations = invIndex[w]
if (locations) {
System.print("\n'%(word)' found in the following locations:")
System.print(locations.map { |l| " %(l)" }.join("\n"))
} else {
System.print("\n'%(word)' not found")
}
System.print()
}
// files to be indexed entered as command line arguments
var args = Process.arguments
if (args.count == 0) {
System.print("No file names have been supplied")
return
}
for (arg in args) indexFile.call(arg)
System.print("\nEnter word(s) to be searched for in these files or 'q' to quit")
while (true) {
var word = Input.text(" ? : ", 1)
if (word == "q" || word == "Q") return
findWord.call(word)
}
- Output:
Uses the same files as the Kotlin example:
$ wren-cli inverted_index.wren inv1.txt inv2.txt inv3.txt inv1.txt
'inv1.txt' has been indexed
'inv2.txt' has been indexed
'inv3.txt' has been indexed
'inv1.txt' already indexed
Enter word(s) to be searched for in these files or 'q' to quit
? : cat
'cat' not found
? : is
'is' found in the following locations:
inv1.txt, word number 2
inv1.txt, word number 5
inv2.txt, word number 2
inv3.txt, word number 2
? : banana
'banana' found in the following locations:
inv3.txt, word number 4
? : it
'it' found in the following locations:
inv1.txt, word number 1
inv1.txt, word number 4
inv2.txt, word number 3
inv3.txt, word number 1
? : what
'what' found in the following locations:
inv1.txt, word number 3
inv2.txt, word number 1
? : a
'a' found in the following locations:
inv3.txt, word number 3
? : q
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