Fibonacci word/fractal
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
The Fibonacci word may be represented as a fractal as described here:
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- For F_wordm start with F_wordCharn=1
- Draw a segment forward
- If current F_wordChar is 0
- Turn left if n is even
- Turn right if n is odd
- next n and iterate until end of F_word
- Task
Create and display a fractal similar to Fig 1.
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AutoHotkey
Prints F_Word30 currently. Segment length and F_Wordn can be adjusted.
Also see the Gdip examples.
<lang AutoHotkey>#NoEnv SetBatchLines, -1 p := 0.3 ; Segment length (pixels) F_Word := 30
SysGet, Mon, MonitorWorkArea W := FibWord(F_Word) d := 1 x1 := 0 y1 := MonBottom Width := A_ScreenWidth Height := A_ScreenHeight
If (!pToken := Gdip_Startup()) { MsgBox, 48, Gdiplus Error!, Gdiplus failed to start. Please ensure you have Gdiplus on your system. ExitApp } OnExit, Shutdown
Gui, 1: -Caption +E0x80000 +LastFound +AlwaysOnTop +ToolWindow +OwnDialogs Gui, 1: Show, NA
hwnd1 := WinExist() hbm := CreateDIBSection(Width, Height) hdc := CreateCompatibleDC() obm := SelectObject(hdc, hbm) G := Gdip_GraphicsFromHDC(hdc) Gdip_SetSmoothingMode(G, 4) pPen := Gdip_CreatePen(0xffff0000, 1)
Loop, Parse, W { if (d = 0) x2 := x1 + p, y2 := y1 else if (d = 1 || d = -3) x2 := x1, y2 := y1 - p else if (d = 2 || d = -2) x2 := x1 - p, y2 := y1 else if (d = 3 || d = -1) x2 := x1, y2 := y1 + p Gdip_DrawLine(G, pPen, x1, y1, x2, y2) if (!Mod(A_Index, 1500)) UpdateLayeredWindow(hwnd1, hdc, 0, 0, Width, Height) if (A_LoopField = 0) { if (!Mod(A_Index, 2)) d += 1 else d -= 1 } x1 := x2, y1 := y2, d := Mod(d, 4) }
Gdip_DeletePen(pPen) UpdateLayeredWindow(hwnd1, hdc, 0, 0, Width, Height) SelectObject(hdc, obm) DeleteObject(hbm) DeleteDC(hdc) Gdip_DeleteGraphics(G) return
FibWord(n, FW1=1, FW2=0) { Loop, % n - 2 FW3 := FW2 FW1, FW1 := FW2, FW2 := FW3 return FW3 }
Esc:: Shutdown: Gdip_DeletePen(pPen) SelectObject(hdc, obm) DeleteObject(hbm) DeleteDC(hdc) Gdip_DeleteGraphics(G) Gdip_Shutdown(pToken) ExitApp</lang>
C
Writes an EPS file that has the 26th fractal. This is probably cheating. <lang c>#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts( "%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF\n" "%%BoundingBox: -10 -10 400 565\n" "/a{0 0 moveto 0 .4 translate 0 0 lineto stroke -1 1 scale}def\n" "/b{a 90 rotate}def");
char i; for (i = 'c'; i <= 'z'; i++) printf("/%c{%c %c}def\n", i, i-1, i-2);
puts("0 setlinewidth z showpage\n%%EOF");
return 0; }</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>
- include <windows.h>
- include <string>
using namespace std;
class myBitmap { public:
myBitmap() : pen( NULL ) {} ~myBitmap() { DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp ); } bool create( int w, int h ) { BITMAPINFO bi; ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) ); bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader ); bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1; bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w; bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h; HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() ); bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 ); if( !bmp ) return false; hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc ); SelectObject( hdc, bmp ); ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc ); width = w; height = h; clear(); return true;
} void clear() {
ZeroMemory( pBits, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) );
} void setPenColor( DWORD clr ) {
if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen ); pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, 1, clr ); SelectObject( hdc, pen );
} void saveBitmap( string path ) {
BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader; BITMAPINFO infoheader; BITMAP bitmap; DWORD* dwpBits; DWORD wb; HANDLE file;
GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap ); dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight]; ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) ); ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) ); ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8; infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1; infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ); infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight; infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth; infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD );
fileheader.bfType = 0x4D42; fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ); fileheader.bfSize = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage;
GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS );
file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL ); WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL ); WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL ); WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL ); CloseHandle( file );
delete [] dwpBits;
} HDC getDC() { return hdc; } int getWidth() { return width; } int getHeight() { return height; }
private:
HBITMAP bmp; HDC hdc; HPEN pen; void *pBits; int width, height;
}; class fiboFractal { public:
fiboFractal( int l ) {
bmp.create( 600, 440 ); bmp.setPenColor( 0x00ff00 ); createWord( l ); createFractal(); bmp.saveBitmap( "path_to_save_bitmap" );
}
private:
void createWord( int l ) {
string a = "1", b = "0", c; l -= 2; while( l-- ) { c = b + a; a = b; b = c; } fWord = c;
}
void createFractal() {
int n = 1, px = 10, dir, py = 420, len = 1, x = 0, y = -len, goingTo = 0;
HDC dc = bmp.getDC(); MoveToEx( dc, px, py, NULL ); for( string::iterator si = fWord.begin(); si != fWord.end(); si++ ) { px += x; py += y; LineTo( dc, px, py ); if( !( *si - 48 ) ) { // odd if( n & 1 ) dir = 1; // right else dir = 0; // left switch( goingTo ) { case 0: // up y = 0; if( dir ){ x = len; goingTo = 1; } else { x = -len; goingTo = 3; } break; case 1: // right x = 0; if( dir ) { y = len; goingTo = 2; } else { y = -len; goingTo = 0; } break; case 2: // down y = 0; if( dir ) { x = -len; goingTo = 3; } else { x = len; goingTo = 1; } break; case 3: // left x = 0; if( dir ) { y = -len; goingTo = 0; } else { y = len; goingTo = 2; } }
}
n++;
} }
string fWord; myBitmap bmp;
}; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
fiboFractal ff( 23 ); return system( "pause" );
} </lang>
D
This uses the turtle module from the Dragon Curve Task, and the module from the Grayscale Image task.
<lang d>import std.range, grayscale_image, turtle;
void drawFibonacci(Color)(Image!Color img, ref Turtle t,
in string word, in real step) { foreach (immutable i, immutable c; word) { t.forward(img, step); if (c == '0') { if ((i + 1) % 2 == 0) t.left(90); else t.right(90); } }
}
void main() {
auto img = new Image!Gray(1050, 1050); auto t = Turtle(30, 1010, -90); const w = recurrence!q{a[n-1] ~ a[n-2]}("1", "0").drop(24).front; img.drawFibonacci(t, w, 1); img.savePGM("fibonacci_word_fractal.pgm");
}</lang> It prints the level 25 word as the Python entry.
Delphi
<lang Delphi> program Fibonacci_word;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE} {$R *.res}
uses
System.SysUtils, Vcl.Graphics;
function GetWordFractal(n: Integer): string; var
f1, f2, tmp: string; i: Integer;
begin
case n of 0: Result := ; 1: Result := '1'; else begin f1 := '1'; f2 := '0';
for i := n - 2 downto 1 do begin tmp := f2; f2 := f2 + f1; f1 := tmp; end;
Result := f2; end; end;
end;
procedure DrawWordFractal(n: Integer; g: TCanvas; x, y, dx, dy: integer); var
i, tx: Integer; wordFractal: string;
begin
wordFractal := GetWordFractal(n); with g do begin Brush.Color := clWhite; FillRect(ClipRect); Pen.Color := clBlack; pen.Width := 1; MoveTo(x, y); end; for i := 1 to wordFractal.Length do begin g.LineTo(x + dx, y + dy); inc(x, dx); inc(y, dy); if wordFractal[i] = '0' then begin tx := dx; if Odd(i) then begin dx := dy; dy := -tx; end else begin dx := -dy; dy := tx; end; end; end;
end;
function WordFractal2Bitmap(n, x, y, width, height: Integer): TBitmap; begin
Result := TBitmap.Create; Result.SetSize(width, height); DrawWordFractal(n, Result.Canvas, x, height - y, 1, 0);
end;
begin
with WordFractal2Bitmap(23, 20, 20, 450, 620) do begin SaveToFile('WordFractal.bmp'); Free; end;
end.
</lang>
Elixir
<lang elixir>defmodule Fibonacci do
def fibonacci_word, do: Stream.unfold({"1","0"}, fn{a,b} -> {a, {b, b<>a}} end) def word_fractal(n) do word = fibonacci_word |> Enum.at(n) walk(to_char_list(word), 1, 0, 0, 0, -1, %{{0,0}=>"S"}) |> print end defp walk([], _, _, _, _, _, map), do: map defp walk([h|t], n, x, y, dx, dy, map) do map2 = Map.put(map, {x+dx, y+dy}, (if dx==0, do: "|", else: "-")) |> Map.put({x2=x+2*dx, y2=y+2*dy}, "+") if h == ?0 do if rem(n,2)==0, do: walk(t, n+1, x2, y2, dy, -dx, map2), else: walk(t, n+1, x2, y2, -dy, dx, map2) else walk(t, n+1, x2, y2, dx, dy, map2) end end defp print(map) do xkeys = Map.keys(map) |> Enum.map(fn {x,_} -> x end) {xmin, xmax} = Enum.min_max(xkeys) ykeys = Map.keys(map) |> Enum.map(fn {_,y} -> y end) {ymin, ymax} = Enum.min_max(ykeys) Enum.each(ymin..ymax, fn y -> IO.puts Enum.map(xmin..xmax, fn x -> Map.get(map, {x,y}, " ") end) end) end
end
Fibonacci.word_fractal(16)</lang> Output is same as Ruby.
F#
We output an SVG or rather an HTML with an embedded SVG
Points to note:
- Rather than using the "usual" Fibonacci catamorphismen <lang fsharp>Seq.unfold(fun (f1, f2) -> Some(f1, (f2, f2+f1))) ("1", "0")</lang> we use the morphism σ: 0 → 01, 1 → 0, starting with a single 1, described in the referenced PDF in the task description.
- The outer dimension of the SVG is computed. For a simplification we compute bounding boxes for fractals with number 3*k+2 only. These are ∩ formed or ⊃ formed. For 3*k and 3*k+1 fractals the bounding box for the next 3*k+2 fractal is taken. (c/f PDF; Theorem 3, Theorem 4)
<lang fsharp>let sigma s = seq {
for c in s do if c = '1' then yield '0' else yield '0'; yield '1'
} let rec fibwordIterator s = seq { yield s; yield! fibwordIterator (sigma s) }
let goto (x, y) (dx, dy) c n =
let (dx', dy') = if c = '0' then match (dx, dy), n with | (1,0),0 -> (0,1) | (1,0),1 -> (0,-1) | (0,1),0 -> (-1,0) | (0,1),1 -> (1,0) | (-1,0),0 -> (0,-1)| (-1,0),1 -> (0,1) | (0,-1),0 -> (1,0) | (0,-1),1 -> (-1,0) | _ -> failwith "not possible (c=0)" else (dx, dy) (x+dx, y+dy), (dx', dy')
// How much longer a line is, compared to its thickness: let factor = 2
let rec draw (x, y) (dx, dy) n = function | [] -> () | z::zs ->
printf "%d,%d " (factor*(x+dx)) (factor*(y+dy)) let (xyd, d') = goto (x, y) (dx, dy) z n draw xyd d' (n^^^1) zs
// Seq of (width,height). n-th (n>=0) pair is for fibword fractal f(3*n+2) let wh = Seq.unfold (fun ((w1,h1,n),(w2,h2)) ->
Some((if n=0 then (w1,h1) else (h1,w1)), ((w2,h2,n^^^1),(2*w2+w1,w2+h2)))) ((1,0,1),(3,1))
[<EntryPoint>] let main argv =
let n = (if argv.Length > 0 then int (System.UInt16.Parse(argv.[0])) else 23) let (width,height) = Seq.head <| Seq.skip (n/3) wh let fibWord = Seq.toList (Seq.item (n-1) <| fibwordIterator ['1']) let (viewboxWidth, viewboxHeight) = ((factor*(width+1)), (factor*(height+1))) printf """<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><body><svg height="100%%" width="100%%" viewbox="0 0 %d %d">
<polyline points="0,0 """ viewboxWidth viewboxHeight draw (0,0) (0,1) 1 <| Seq.toList fibWord printf """" style="fill:white;stroke:red;stroke-width:1" transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,1,%d)"/> Sorry, your browser does not support inline SVG.
</svg></body></html>""" (viewboxHeight-1)
0</lang>
- Output:
Since file upload to the Wiki is not possible, the raw output for F11 is given:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html><body><svg height="100%" width="100%" viewbox="0 0 36 24"> <polyline points="0,0 0,2 2,2 4,2 4,0 6,0 8,0 8,2 8,4 6,4 6,6 6,8 8,8 8,10 8,12 6,12 4,12 4,10 2,10 0,10 0,12 0,14 2,14 2,16 2,18 0,18 0,20 0,22 2,22 4,22 4,20 6,20 8,20 8,22 10,22 12,22 12,20 12,18 10,18 10,16 10,14 12,14 14,14 14,16 16,16 18,16 18,14 20,14 22,14 22,16 22,18 20,18 20,20 20,22 22,22 24,22 24,20 26,20 28,20 28,22 30,22 32,22 32,20 32,18 30,18 30,16 30,14 32,14 32,12 32,10 30,10 28,10 28,12 26,12 24,12 24,10 24,8 26,8 26,6 26,4 24,4 24,2 24,0 26,0 28,0 28,2 30,2 32,2 32,0 34,0 " style="fill:white;stroke:red;stroke-width:1" transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,1,23)"/> Sorry, your browser does not support inline SVG. </svg></body></html>
Factor
<lang factor>USING: accessors arrays combinators fry images images.loader kernel literals make match math math.vectors pair-rocket sequences ; FROM: fry => '[ _ ; IN: rosetta-code.fibonacci-word-fractal
! === Turtle code ==============================================
TUPLE: turtle heading loc ; C: <turtle> turtle
- forward ( turtle -- turtle' )
dup heading>> [ v+ ] curry change-loc ;
MATCH-VARS: ?a ;
CONSTANT: left { { 0 ?a } => [ ?a 0 ] { ?a 0 } => [ 0 ?a neg ] } CONSTANT: right { { 0 ?a } => [ ?a neg 0 ] { ?a 0 } => [ 0 ?a ] }
- turn ( turtle left/right -- turtle' )
[ dup heading>> ] dip match-cond 2array >>heading ; inline
! === Fib word =================================================
- fib-word ( n -- str )
{ 1 => [ "1" ] 2 => [ "0" ] [ [ 1 - fib-word ] [ 2 - fib-word ] bi append ] } case ;
! === Fractal ==================================================
- fib-word-fractal ( n -- seq )
[ [ { 0 -1 } { 10 417 } dup , <turtle> ] dip fib-word [ 1 + -rot forward dup loc>> , -rot CHAR: 0 = [ even? [ left turn ] [ right turn ] if ] [ drop ] if drop ] with each-index ] { } make ;
! === Image ====================================================
CONSTANT: w 598 CONSTANT: h 428
- init-img-data ( -- seq )
w h * 4 * [ 255 ] B{ } replicate-as ;
- <fib-word-fractal-img> ( -- img )
<image> ${ w h } >>dim BGRA >>component-order ubyte-components >>component-type init-img-data >>bitmap ;
- fract>img ( seq -- img' )
[ <fib-word-fractal-img> dup ] dip [ '[ B{ 33 33 33 255 } _ first2 ] dip set-pixel-at ] with each ;
- main ( -- )
23 fib-word-fractal fract>img "fib-word-fractal.png" save-graphic-image ;
MAIN: main</lang>
- Output:
Similar to fig. 1 from the paper and the image at the top of this page.
FreeBASIC
On a Windows 32bit system F_word35 is the biggest that can be drawn. <lang FreeBASIC>' version 23-06-2015 ' compile with: fbc -s console "filename".bas
Dim As String fw1, fw2, fw3 Dim As Integer a, b, d , i, n , x, y, w, h Dim As Any Ptr img_ptr, scr_ptr
' data for screen/buffer size Data 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 7, 10, 8, 14 Dim As Integer s(38,2) For i = 3 To 9
Read s(i,1) : Read s(i,2)
Next For i = 9 To 38 Step 6
s(i, 1) = s(i -1, 1) +2 : s(i, 2) = s(i -1, 1) + s(i -1, 2) s(i +1, 1) = s(i, 2) +2 : s(i +1, 2) = s(i, 2) s(i +2, 1) = s(i, 1) + s(i, 2) : s(i +2, 2) = s(i, 2) s(i +3, 1) = s(i +1, 1 ) + s(i +2, 1) : s(i +3, 2) = s(i ,2) s(i +4, 1) = s(i +3, 1) : s(i +4, 2) = s(i +3, 1) + 2 s(i +5, 1) = s(i +3, 1) : s(i +5, 2) = s(i +3, 2) + s(i +4, 2) +2
Next
' we need to set screen in order to create image buffer in memory Screen 21 scr_ptr = ScreenPtr() If (scr_ptr = 0) Then
Print "Error: graphics screen not initialized." Sleep End -1
End If
Do
Cls Do
Print Print "For wich n do you want the Fibonacci Word fractal (3 to 35)." While Inkey <> "" : fw1 = Inkey : Wend ' empty keyboard buffer Input "Enter or a value smaller then 3 to stop: "; n If n < 3 Then Print : Print "Stopping." Sleep 3000,1 End EndIf If n > 35 then Print : Print "Fractal is to big, unable to create it." Sleep 3000,1 Continue Do End If Loop Until n < 36
fw1 = "1" : fw2 = "0" ' construct the string For i = 3 To n fw3 = fw2 + fw1 Swap fw1, fw2 ' swap pointers of fw1 and fw2 Swap fw2, fw3 ' swap pointers of fw2 and fw3 Next fw1 = "" : fw3 = "" ' free up memory
w = s(n, 1) +1 : h = s(n, 2) +1 ' allocate memory for a buffer to hold the image ' use 8 bits to hold the color img_ptr = ImageCreate(w,h,0,8) If img_ptr = 0 Then ' check if we have created a image buffer Print "Failed to create image." Sleep End -1 End If
x = 0: y = h -1 : d = 1 ' set starting point and direction flag PSet img_ptr, (x, y) ' set start point For a = 1 To Len(fw2) Select Case As Const d Case 0 x = x + 2 Case 1 y = y - 2 Case 2 x = x - 2 Case 3 y = y + 2 End Select Line img_ptr, -(x, y) b = fw2[a-1] - Asc("0") If b = 0 Then If (a And 1) Then d = d + 3 ' a = odd Else d = d + 1 ' a = even End If d = d And 3 End If Next
If n < 24 Then ' size is smaller then screen dispay fractal Cls Put (5, 5),img_ptr, PSet Else Print Print "Fractal is to big for display." End If ' saves fractal as bmp file (8 bit palette) If n > 23 Then h = 80 Draw String (0, h +16), "saving fractal as fibword" + Str(n) + ".bmp." BSave "F_Word" + Str(n) + ".bmp", img_ptr Draw String (0, h +32), "Hit any key to continue." Sleep ImageDestroy(img_ptr) ' free memory holding the image
Loop</lang>
Go
<lang go>package main
import (
"github.com/fogleman/gg" "strings"
)
func wordFractal(i int) string {
if i < 2 { if i == 1 { return "1" } return "" } var f1 strings.Builder f1.WriteString("1") var f2 strings.Builder f2.WriteString("0") for j := i - 2; j >= 1; j-- { tmp := f2.String() f2.WriteString(f1.String()) f1.Reset() f1.WriteString(tmp) } return f2.String()
}
func draw(dc *gg.Context, x, y, dx, dy float64, wf string) {
for i, c := range wf { dc.DrawLine(x, y, x+dx, y+dy) x += dx y += dy if c == '0' { tx := dx dx = dy if i%2 == 0 { dx = -dy } dy = -tx if i%2 == 0 { dy = tx } } }
}
func main() {
dc := gg.NewContext(450, 620) dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 0) dc.Clear() wf := wordFractal(23) draw(dc, 20, 20, 1, 0, wf) dc.SetRGB(0, 1, 0) dc.SetLineWidth(1) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("fib_wordfractal.png")
}</lang>
- Output:
Image similar to Java entry except green on black background.
Icon and Unicon
This probably only works in Unicon. It also defaults to showing the factal for F_word25 as larger Fibonacci words quickly exceed the size of window I can display, even with a line segment length of a single pixel.
<lang unicon>global width, height
procedure main(A)
n := integer(A[1]) | 25 # F_word to use sl := integer(A[2]) | 1 # Segment length width := integer(A[3]) | 1050 # Width of plot area height := integer(A[4]) | 1050 # Height of plot area w := fword(n) drawFractal(n,w,sl)
end
procedure fword(n)
static fcache initial fcache := table() /fcache[n] := case n of { 1: "1" 2: "0" default: fword(n-1)||fword(n-2) } return fcache[n]
end
record loc(x,y)
procedure drawFractal(n,w,sl)
static lTurn, rTurn initial { every (lTurn|rTurn) := table() lTurn["north"] := "west"; lTurn["west"] := "south" lTurn["south"] := "east"; lTurn["east"] := "north" rTurn["north"] := "east"; rTurn["east"] := "south" rTurn["south"] := "west"; rTurn["west"] := "north" } wparms := ["FibFractal "||n,"g","bg=white","canvas=normal", "fg=black","size="||width||","||height,"dx=10","dy=10"] &window := open!wparms | stop("Unable to open window") p := loc(10,10) d := "north" every i := 1 to *w do { p := draw(p,d,sl) if w[i] == "0" then d := if i%2 = 0 then lTurn[d] else rTurn[d] } until Event() == &lpress WriteImage("FibFract"||n||".png") close(&window)
end
procedure draw(p,d,sl)
if d == "north" then p1 := loc(p.x,p.y+sl) else if d == "south" then p1 := loc(p.x,p.y-sl) else if d == "east" then p1 := loc(p.x+sl,p.y) else p1 := loc(p.x-sl,p.y) DrawLine(p.x,p.y, p1.x,p1.y) return p1
end</lang>
J
Plotting the fractal as a parametric equation, this looks reasonably nice:
<lang J>require 'plot' plot }:+/\ 0,*/\(^~ 0j_1 0j1 $~ #)'0'=_1{::F_Words 20</lang>
Note that we need the definition of F_Words from the Fibonacci word page:
<lang J>F_Words=: (,<@;@:{~&_1 _2)@]^:(2-~[)&('1';'0')</lang>
However, image uploads are currently disabled, and rendering images of this sort as wikitext gets bulky.
Instead, I'll just describe the algorithm:
This draws a discrete parametric curve. Right turn is 0j_1, left turn is 0j1 (negative and positive square roots of negative 1), straight ahead is 1. So: build a list of alternating 0j_1 and 0j1 and raise them to the first power for the 0s in the fibonacci word list and raise them to the 0th power for the 1s in that list. Then compute the running product, shift a 0 onto the front of the list of products and compute the running sum. (Of course, this would translate to a rather simple loop, also, once you see the pattern.)
Java
<lang java>import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*;
public class FibonacciWordFractal extends JPanel {
String wordFractal;
FibonacciWordFractal(int n) { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(450, 620)); setBackground(Color.white); wordFractal = wordFractal(n); }
public String wordFractal(int n) { if (n < 2) return n == 1 ? "1" : "";
// we should really reserve fib n space here StringBuilder f1 = new StringBuilder("1"); StringBuilder f2 = new StringBuilder("0");
for (n = n - 2; n > 0; n--) { String tmp = f2.toString(); f2.append(f1);
f1.setLength(0); f1.append(tmp); }
return f2.toString(); }
void drawWordFractal(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int dx, int dy) { for (int n = 0; n < wordFractal.length(); n++) { g.drawLine(x, y, x + dx, y + dy); x += dx; y += dy; if (wordFractal.charAt(n) == '0') { int tx = dx; dx = (n % 2 == 0) ? -dy : dy; dy = (n % 2 == 0) ? tx : -tx; } } }
@Override public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) { super.paintComponent(gg); Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg; g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawWordFractal(g, 20, 20, 1, 0); }
public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("Fibonacci Word Fractal"); f.setResizable(false); f.add(new FibonacciWordFractal(23), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); }
}</lang>
JavaScript
<lang javascript> // Plot Fibonacci word/fractal // FiboWFractal.js - 6/27/16 aev function pFibowFractal(n,len,canvasId,color) {
// DCLs var canvas = document.getElementById(canvasId); var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"); var w = canvas.width; var h = canvas.height; var fwv,fwe,fn,tx,x=10,y=10,dx=len,dy=0,nr; // Cleaning canvas, setting plotting color, etc ctx.fillStyle="white"; ctx.fillRect(0,0,w,h); ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x,y); fwv=fibword(n); fn=fwv.length; // MAIN LOOP for(var i=0; i<fn; i++) { ctx.lineTo(x+dx,y+dy); fwe=fwv[i]; if(fwe=="0") {tx=dx; nr=i%2; if(nr==0) {dx=-dy;dy=tx} else {dx=dy;dy=-tx}}; x+=dx; y+=dy; }//fend i ctx.strokeStyle = color; ctx.stroke();
}//func end // Create and return Fibonacci word function fibword(n) {
var f1="1",f2="0",fw,fwn,n2,i; if (n<5) {n=5}; n2=n+2; for (i=0; i<n2; i++) {fw=f2+f1;f1=f2;f2=fw}; return(fw)
} </lang>
Executing: <lang html> <html> <head>
<title>Fibonacci word/fractal</title> <script src="FiboWFractal.js"></script>
</head> <body onload="pFibowFractal(31,2,'canvid','red')">
Fibonacci word/fractal: n=31, len=2
<canvas id="canvid" width="850" height="1150" style="border: 2px inset;"></canvas>
</body> </html>
<html> <head>
<title>Fibonacci word/fractal</title> <script src="FiboWFractal.js"></script>
</head> <body onload="pFibowFractal(31,1,'canvid','navy')">
Fibonacci word/fractal: n=31, len=1
<canvas id="canvid" width="1400" height="1030" style="border: 2px inset;"></canvas>
</body> </html> </lang>
- Output:
Page with FiboWFractal2.png Page with FiboWFractal1.png
Julia
<lang julia>using Luxor, Colors
function fwfractal!(word::AbstractString, t::Turtle)
left = 90 right = -90 for (n, c) in enumerate(word) Forward(t) if c == '0' Turn(t, ifelse(iseven(n), left, right)) end end return t
end
word = last(fiboword(25))
touch("data/fibonaccifractal.png") Drawing(800, 800, "data/fibonaccifractal.png"); background(colorant"white") t = Turtle(100, 300) fwfractal!(word, t) finish() preview()</lang>
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.1.2
import java.awt.* import javax.swing.*
class FibonacciWordFractal(n: Int) : JPanel() {
private val wordFractal: String init { preferredSize = Dimension(450, 620) background = Color.black wordFractal = wordFractal(n) }
fun wordFractal(i: Int): String { if (i < 2) return if (i == 1) "1" else "" val f1 = StringBuilder("1") val f2 = StringBuilder("0") for (j in i - 2 downTo 1) { val tmp = f2.toString() f2.append(f1) f1.setLength(0) f1.append(tmp) } return f2.toString() }
private fun drawWordFractal(g: Graphics2D, x: Int, y: Int, dx: Int, dy: Int) { var x2 = x var y2 = y var dx2 = dx var dy2 = dy for (i in 0 until wordFractal.length) { g.drawLine(x2, y2, x2 + dx2, y2 + dy2) x2 += dx2 y2 += dy2 if (wordFractal[i] == '0') { val tx = dx2 dx2 = if (i % 2 == 0) -dy2 else dy2 dy2 = if (i % 2 == 0) tx else -tx } } }
override fun paintComponent(gg: Graphics) { super.paintComponent(gg) val g = gg as Graphics2D g.color = Color.green g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON) drawWordFractal(g, 20, 20, 1, 0) }
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater { val f = JFrame() with(f) { defaultCloseOperation = JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE title = "Fibonacci Word Fractal" isResizable = false add(FibonacciWordFractal(23), BorderLayout.CENTER) pack() setLocationRelativeTo(null) isVisible = true } }
}</lang>
Logo
fibonacci.word.fractal
can draw any number of line segments. A Fibonacci number shows the self-similar nature of the fractal. The Fibonacci word values which control the turns are generated here by some bit-twiddling iteration.
<lang Logo>; Return the low 1-bits of :n
- For example if n = binary 10110111 = 183
- then return binary 111 = 7
to low.ones :n
output ashift (bitxor :n (:n+1)) -1
end
- fibbinary should be a fibbinary value
- return the next larger fibbinary value
to fibbinary.next :fibbinary
localmake "filled bitor :fibbinary (ashift :fibbinary -1) localmake "mask low.ones :filled output (bitor :fibbinary :mask) + 1
end
to fibonacci.word.fractal :steps
localmake "step.length 5 ; length of each step localmake "fibbinary 0 repeat :steps [ forward :step.length if (bitand 1 :fibbinary) = 0 [ ifelse (bitand repcount 1) = 1 [right 90] [left 90] ] make "fibbinary fibbinary.next :fibbinary ]
end
setheading 0 ; initial line North fibonacci.word.fractal 377</lang>
Lua
LÖVE
Needs LÖVE 2D Engine <lang lua> RIGHT, LEFT, UP, DOWN = 1, 2, 4, 8 function drawFractals( w )
love.graphics.setCanvas( canvas ) love.graphics.clear() love.graphics.setColor( 255, 255, 255 ) local dir, facing, lineLen, px, py, c = RIGHT, UP, 1, 10, love.graphics.getHeight() - 20, 1 local x, y = 0, -lineLen local pts = {} table.insert( pts, px + .5 ); table.insert( pts, py + .5 ) for i = 1, #w do px = px + x; table.insert( pts, px + .5 ) py = py + y; table.insert( pts, py + .5 ) if w:sub( i, i ) == "0" then if c % 2 == 1 then dir = RIGHT else dir = LEFT end if facing == UP then if dir == RIGHT then x = lineLen; facing = RIGHT else x = -lineLen; facing = LEFT end; y = 0 elseif facing == RIGHT then if dir == RIGHT then y = lineLen; facing = DOWN else y = -lineLen; facing = UP end; x = 0 elseif facing == DOWN then if dir == RIGHT then x = -lineLen; facing = LEFT else x = lineLen; facing = RIGHT end; y = 0 elseif facing == LEFT then if dir == RIGHT then y = -lineLen; facing = UP else y = lineLen; facing = DOWN end; x = 0 end end c = c + 1 end love.graphics.line( pts ) love.graphics.setCanvas()
end function createWord( wordLen )
local a, b, w = "1", "0" repeat w = b .. a; a = b; b = w; wordLen = wordLen - 1 until wordLen == 0 return w
end function love.load()
wid, hei = love.graphics.getWidth(), love.graphics.getHeight() canvas = love.graphics.newCanvas( wid, hei ) drawFractals( createWord( 21 ) )
end function love.draw()
love.graphics.draw( canvas )
end </lang>
ASCII
Uses the Bitmap class here, with an ASCII pixel representation, then extending.. <lang lua>function Bitmap:fiboword(n)
local function fw(n) return n==1 and "1" or n==2 and "0" or fw(n-1)..fw(n-2) end local word, x, y, dx, dy = fw(n), 0, self.height-1, 0, -1 for i = 1, #word do self:set(x, y, "+") x, y = x+dx, y+dy self:set(x, y, dx==0 and "|" or "-") x, y = x+dx, y+dy if word:sub(i,i)=="0" then dx, dy = i%2==0 and dy or -dy, i%2==0 and -dx or dx end end
end
function Bitmap:render()
for y = 1, self.height do print(table.concat(self.pixels[y])) end
end
bitmap = Bitmap(58,82) bitmap:clear(" ") bitmap:fiboword(14) bitmap:render()</lang>
- Output:
| + +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | + + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + + | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ + | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | | | | + +-+-+ + + | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | + + +-+-+ + | | | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | + +-+-+ | | | +-+-+ + | +-+ | + | +-+ | +-+-+ + | | | + +-+-+ | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | | | | + + +-+-+ + | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | + +-+-+ + + | | | | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + + | | | | | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | | | | | | + + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
<lang mathematica>(*note, this usage of Module allows us to memoize FibonacciWord
without exposing it to the global scope*)
Module[{FibonacciWord, step},
FibonacciWord[1] = "1"; FibonacciWord[2] = "0"; FibonacciWord[n_Integer?(# > 2 &)] := (FibonacciWord[n] = FibonacciWord[n - 1] <> FibonacciWord[n - 2]); step["0", {_?EvenQ}] = N@RotationTransform[Pi/2]; step["0", {_?OddQ}] = N@RotationTransform[-Pi/2]; step[___] = Identity; FibonacciFractal[n_] := Module[{steps, dirs}, steps = MapIndexed[step, Characters[FibonacciWord[n]]]; dirs = ComposeList[steps, {0, 1}]; Graphics[Line[FoldList[Plus, {0, 0}, dirs]]]]];</lang>
Nim
<lang Nim>import imageman
const
Width = 1000 Height = 1000 LineColor = ColorRGBU [byte 64, 192, 96] Output = "fibword.png"
proc fibword(n: int): string =
## Return the nth fibword. var a = "1" result = "0" for _ in 1..n: a = result & a swap a, result
proc drawFractal(image: var Image; fw: string) =
# Draw the fractal. var x = 0 y = image.h - 1 dx = 1 dy = 0
for i, ch in fw: let (nextx, nexty) = (x + dx, y + dy) image.drawLine((x, y), (nextx, nexty), LineColor) (x, y) = (nextx, nexty) if ch == '0': if (i and 1) == 0: (dx, dy) = (dy, -dx) else: (dx, dy) = (-dy, dx)
- ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
var image = initImage[ColorRGBU](Width, Height) image.fill(ColorRGBU [byte 0, 0, 0]) image.drawFractal(fibword(23))
- Save into a PNG file.
image.savePNG(Output)</lang>
PARI/GP
Version #1.
In this version only function plotfibofract() was translated from C++, plus upgraded to plot different kind/size of Fibonacci word/fractals.
<lang parigp> \\ Fibonacci word/fractals \\ 4/25/16 aev fibword(n)={ my(f1="1",f2="0",fw,fwn,n2); if(n<=4, n=5);n2=n-2; for(i=1,n2, fw=Str(f2,f1); f1=f2;f2=fw;); fwn=#fw; fw=Vecsmall(fw); for(i=1,fwn,fw[i]-=48); return(fw); }
nextdir(n,d)={ my(dir=-1); if(d==0, if(n%2==0, dir=0,dir=1)); \\0-left,1-right return(dir); }
plotfibofract(n,sz,len)={ my(fwv,fn,dr,px=10,py=420,x=0,y=-len,g2=0,
ttl="Fibonacci word/fractal: n=");
plotinit(0); plotcolor(0,6); \\green plotscale(0, -sz,sz, -sz,sz); plotmove(0, px,py); fwv=fibword(n); fn=#fwv; for(i=1,fn,
plotrline(0,x,y); dr=nextdir(i,fwv[i]); if(dr==-1, next); \\up if(g2==0, y=0; if(dr, x=len;g2=1, x=-len;g2=3); next); \\right if(g2==1, x=0; if(dr, y=len;g2=2, y=-len;g2=0); next); \\down if(g2==2, y=0; if(dr, x=-len;g2=3, x=len;g2=1); next); \\left if(g2==3, x=0; if(dr, y=-len;g2=0, y=len;g2=2); next); );\\fend i
plotdraw([0,-sz,-sz]); print(" *** ",ttl,n," sz=",sz," len=",len," fw-len=",fn);
}
{\\ Executing: plotfibofract(11,430,20); \\ Fibofrac1.png plotfibofract(21,430,2); \\ Fibofrac2.png } </lang>
- Output:
> plotfibofract(11,430,20); \\ Fibofrac1.png *** Fibonacci word/fractal: n=11 sz=430 len=20 fw-len=89 > plotfibofract(21,430,2); \\ Fibofrac2.png *** Fibonacci word/fractal: n=21 sz=430 len=2 fw-len=10946
Version #2.
In this version only function plotfibofract1() was translated from Java, plus upgraded to plot different kind/size of Fibonacci word/fractals.
<lang parigp> \\ Fibonacci word/fractals 2nd version \\ 4/26/16 aev fibword(n)={ my(f1="1",f2="0",fw,fwn,n2); \\check n2 in v2 ADD it!! if(n<=4, n=5); n2=n-2; for(i=1,n2, fw=Str(f2,f1); f1=f2;f2=fw;); fwn=#fw; fw=Vecsmall(fw); for(i=1,fwn,fw[i]-=48); return(fw); }
plotfibofract1(n,sz,len)={ my(fwv,fn,dx=len,dy=0,nr,ttl="Fibonacci word/fractal, n="); plotinit(0); plotcolor(0,5); \\red plotscale(0, -sz,sz, -sz,sz); plotmove(0, 0,0); fwv=fibword(n); fn=#fwv; for(i=1,fn, plotrline(0,dx,dy);
if(fwv[i]==0, tx=dx; nr=i%2; if(!nr,dx=-dy;dy=tx, dx=dy;dy=-tx)); );\\fend i
plotdraw([0,0,0]); print(" *** ",ttl,n," sz=",sz," len=",len," fw-len=",fn); }
{\\ Executing: plotfibofract1(17,500,6); \\ Fibofrac3.png plotfibofract1(21,600,1); \\ Fibofrac4.png } </lang>
- Output:
> plotfibofract1(17,500,6); \\ Fibofrac3.png *** Fibonacci word/fractal: n=17 sz=500 len=6 fw-len=1597 > plotfibofract1(21,600,1); \\ Fibofrac4.png *** Fibonacci word/fractal: n=21 sz=600 len=1 fw-len=10946
Perl
Creates file fword.png containing the Fibonacci Fractal. <lang perl>use strict; use warnings; use GD;
my @fword = ( undef, 1, 0 );
sub fword { my $n = shift; return $fword[$n] if $n<3; return $fword[$n] //= fword($n-1).fword($n-2); }
my $size = 3000; my $im = new GD::Image($size,$size); my $white = $im->colorAllocate(255,255,255); my $black = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,0); $im->transparent($white); $im->interlaced('true');
my @pos = (0,0); my @dir = (0,5); my @steps = split //, fword 23; my $i = 1; for( @steps ) { my @next = ( $pos[0]+$dir[0], $pos[1]+$dir[1] ); $im->line( @pos, @next, $black ); @dir = ( $dir[1], -$dir[0] ) if 0==$_ && 1==$i%2; # odd @dir = ( -$dir[1], $dir[0] ) if 0==$_ && 0==$i%2; # even $i++; @pos = @next; }
open my $out, ">", "fword.png" or die "Cannot open output file.\n"; binmode $out; print $out $im->png; close $out; </lang>
Using Tk
This draws a segment at a time so you can watch it grow :) <lang perl>#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; # https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fibonacci_word use warnings; use Tk;
my @fword = ( 1, 0 ); push @fword, $fword[-1] . $fword[-2] for 1 .. 21;
- use Data::Dump 'dd'; dd@fword;
my $mw = MainWindow->new; my $c = $mw->Canvas( -width => 1185, -height => 860,
)->pack;
$mw->Button(-text => 'Exit', -command => sub {$mw->destroy},
)->pack(-fill => 'x', -side => 'right');
$mw->Button(-text => 'Redraw', -command => sub {draw($fword[-1])},
)->pack(-fill => 'x', -side => 'right');
$mw->update; draw($fword[-1]);
MainLoop; -M $0 < 0 and exec $0;
sub draw
{ $c->delete('all'); my $string = shift; my ($x, $y) = ($c->width - 20, $c->height - 20); my ($dx, $dy) = (0, -2); my $count = 0; for my $ch ( split //, $string ) { my ($nx, $ny) = ($x + $dx, $y + $dy); $c->createLine($x, $y, $nx, $ny); $mw->update; ($x, $y) = ($nx, $ny); $count++; $ch or ($dx, $dy) = $count % 2 ? ($dy, -$dx) : (-$dy, $dx); } }
</lang>
Phix
Output matches Fig 1 (at the top of the page)
<lang Phix>-- demo\rosetta\FibonacciFractal.exw include pGUI.e
Ihandle dlg, canvas cdCanvas cddbuffer, cdcanvas
procedure drawFibonacci(integer x, y, dx, dy, n) string prev = "1", word = "0"
for i=3 to n do {prev,word} = {word,word&prev} end for for i=1 to length(word) do cdCanvasLine(cddbuffer, x, y, x+dx, y+dy) x += dx y += dy if word[i]=='0' then {dx,dy} = iff(remainder(i,2)?{dy,-dx}:{-dy,dx}) end if end for
end procedure
function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/, integer /*posx*/, integer /*posy*/)
cdCanvasActivate(cddbuffer) cdCanvasClear(cddbuffer) drawFibonacci(20, 20, 0, 1, 23) cdCanvasFlush(cddbuffer) return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function map_cb(Ihandle ih)
cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih) cddbuffer = cdCreateCanvas(CD_DBUFFER, cdcanvas) cdCanvasSetBackground(cddbuffer, CD_WHITE) cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, CD_GREEN) return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
procedure main()
IupOpen()
canvas = IupCanvas(NULL) IupSetAttribute(canvas, "RASTERSIZE", "620x450") IupSetCallback(canvas, "MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"))
dlg = IupDialog(canvas, "RESIZE=NO") IupSetAttribute(dlg, "TITLE", "Fibonacci Fractal") IupSetCallback(canvas, "ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb"))
IupMap(dlg) IupShowXY(dlg,IUP_CENTER,IUP_CENTER) IupMainLoop() IupClose()
end procedure
main()</lang>
Processing
Written in Processing (Processing)
<lang processing> int n = 18; String f1 = "1"; String f2 = "0"; String f3;
void setup(){
size(600,600); background(255); translate(10, 10); createSeries();
}
void createSeries(){
for(int i=0; i<n; i++){ f3 = f2+f1; f1 = f2; f2 = f3; } drawFractal();
}
void drawFractal(){
char[] a = f3.toCharArray(); for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++){ if(a[i]=='0'){ if(i%2==0){ rotate(PI/2); } else{ rotate(-PI/2); } } line(0,0,2,0); translate(2,0); }
} </lang>
Python
Note that for Python 3, functools.lru_cache could be used instead of the memoize decorator below. <lang python>from functools import wraps from turtle import *
def memoize(obj):
cache = obj.cache = {} @wraps(obj) def memoizer(*args, **kwargs): key = str(args) + str(kwargs) if key not in cache: cache[key] = obj(*args, **kwargs) return cache[key] return memoizer
@memoize def fibonacci_word(n):
assert n > 0 if n == 1: return "1" if n == 2: return "0" return fibonacci_word(n - 1) + fibonacci_word(n - 2)
def draw_fractal(word, step):
for i, c in enumerate(word, 1): forward(step) if c == "0": if i % 2 == 0: left(90) else: right(90)
def main():
n = 25 # Fibonacci Word to use. step = 1 # Segment length. width = 1050 # Width of plot area. height = 1050 # Height of plot area. w = fibonacci_word(n)
setup(width=width, height=height) speed(0) setheading(90) left(90) penup() forward(500) right(90) backward(500) pendown() tracer(10000) hideturtle()
draw_fractal(w, step)
# Save Poscript image. getscreen().getcanvas().postscript(file="fibonacci_word_fractal.eps") exitonclick()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()</lang>
The output image is probably the same.
R
<lang r>
- Fibonacci word/fractal 2/20/17 aev
- Create Fibonacci word order n
fibow <- function(n) {
t2="0"; t1="01"; t=""; if(n<2) {n=2} for (i in 2:n) {t=paste0(t1,t2); t2=t1; t1=t} return(t)
}
- Plot Fibonacci word/fractal:
- n - word order, w - width, h - height, d - segment size, clr - color.
pfibofractal <- function(n, w, h, d, clr) {
dx=d; x=y=x2=y2=tx=dy=nr=0; if(n<2) {n=2} fw=fibow(n); nf=nchar(fw); pf = paste0("FiboFractR", n, ".png"); ttl=paste0("Fibonacci word/fractal, n=",n); cat(ttl,"nf=", nf, "pf=", pf,"\n"); plot(NA, xlim=c(0,w), ylim=c(-h,0), xlab="", ylab="", main=ttl) for (i in 1:nf) { fwi=substr(fw, i, i); x2=x+dx; y2=y+dy; segments(x, y, x2, y2, col=clr); x=x2; y=y2; if(fwi=="0") {tx=dx; nr=i%%2; if(nr==0) {dx=-dy;dy=tx} else {dx=dy;dy=-tx}} } dev.copy(png, filename=pf, width=w, height=h); # plot to png-file dev.off(); graphics.off(); # Cleaning
}
- Executing:
pfibofractal(23, 1000, 1000, 1, "navy") pfibofractal(25, 2300, 1000, 1, "red") </lang>
- Output:
> pfibofractal(23, 1000, 1000, 1, "navy") Fibonacci word/fractal, n=23 nf= 75025 pf= FiboFractR23.png > pfibofractal(25, 2300, 1000, 1, "red") Fibonacci word/fractal, n=25 nf= 196418 pf= FiboFractR25.png
Racket
Prime candidate for Turtle Graphics. I've used a values-turtle, which means you don't get the joy of seeing the turltle bimble around the screen. But it allows the size of the image to be set (useful if you want to push the n much higher than 23 or so!
We use word-order 23, which gives a classic n shape (inverted horseshoe).
Save the (first) implementation of Fibonacci word to Fibonacci-word.rkt; since we do not generate the words here.
<lang racket>#lang racket (require "Fibonacci-word.rkt") (require graphics/value-turtles)
(define word-order 23) ; is a 3k+2 fractal, shaped like an n (define height 420) (define width 600)
(define the-word
(parameterize ((f-word-max-length #f)) (F-Word word-order)))
(for/fold ((T (turtles width height
0 height ; in BL corner (/ pi -2)))) ; point north ((i (in-naturals)) (j (in-string (f-word-str the-word)))) (match* (i j) ((_ #\1) (draw 1 T)) (((? even?) #\0) (turn -90 (draw 1 T))) ((_ #\0) (turn 90 (draw 1 T)))))</lang>
Raku
(formerly Perl 6) <lang perl6>constant @fib-word = '1', '0', { $^b ~ $^a } ... *;
sub MAIN($m = 17, $scale = 3) {
(my %world){0}{0} = 1; my $loc = 0+0i; my $dir = i; my $n = 1;
for @fib-word[$m].comb { when '0' { step; if $n %% 2 { turn-left } else { turn-right; } } $n++; }
braille-graphics %world;
sub step { for ^$scale { $loc += $dir; %world{$loc.im}{$loc.re} = 1; } }
sub turn-left { $dir *= i; } sub turn-right { $dir *= -i; }
}
sub braille-graphics (%a) {
my ($ylo, $yhi, $xlo, $xhi); for %a.keys -> $y {
$ylo min= +$y; $yhi max= +$y; for %a{$y}.keys -> $x { $xlo min= +$x; $xhi max= +$x; }
}
for $ylo, $ylo + 4 ...^ * > $yhi -> \y {
for $xlo, $xlo + 2 ...^ * > $xhi -> \x { my $cell = 0x2800; $cell += 1 if %a{y + 0}{x + 0}; $cell += 2 if %a{y + 1}{x + 0}; $cell += 4 if %a{y + 2}{x + 0}; $cell += 8 if %a{y + 0}{x + 1}; $cell += 16 if %a{y + 1}{x + 1}; $cell += 32 if %a{y + 2}{x + 1}; $cell += 64 if %a{y + 3}{x + 0}; $cell += 128 if %a{y + 3}{x + 1}; print chr($cell); } print "\n";
}
}</lang>
- Output:
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣇⣸⠉⣇⣀⠀⣀⣸⠉⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣉⡁⠀⠀⠀⢈⣉⡁⢈⣉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠉⢹⣀⡏⢹⣀⡀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠉⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⡄⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠉⢹⣀⡏⢹⣀⡀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢰⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣏⣉⠀⣉⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠸⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣇⣸⠉⣇⣀⠀⣀⣸⠉⣇⣸⠉⠁⠈⠉⣇⣸⠉⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⠉⣇⣸⠉⠁⠈⠉⣇⣸⠉⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⢤⠀⡤⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⢤⠀⡤⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠘⠒⠃⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠒⠃⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⣀⡀⢈⣉⡇⢸⣉⡁⢈⣉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣉⡁⢈⣉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣉⡁⢈⣉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡤⠼⠀⠧⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠓⢲⠀⡖⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⠉⠁⢈⣉⡇⢸⣉⡁⢈⣉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣉⡁⢈⣉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⡄⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠉⢹⣀⡏⢹⣀⡀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⡄⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⣉⠀⣉⣹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⣉⠀⣉⣹⠀⣏⣉⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠤⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠤⠇⠀⠀⠀⠸⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠒⡆⠀⠀⠀⢰⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⣉⠀⣉⣹⠀⣏⣉⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠘⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣇⣸⠉⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃
REXX
Programming note: the starting point (.) and the ending point (∙) are also shown to help visually identify the end points.
About half of the REXX program is dedicated to plotting the appropriate characters.
If the order of the graph is negative, the graph isn't displayed to the terminal screen.
The output of this REXX program is always written to a disk file (named FIBFRACT.OUT). <lang rexx>/*REXX program generates a Fibonacci word, then (normally) displays the fractal curve.*/ parse arg order . /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/ if order== | order=="," then order= 23 /*Not specified? Then use the default*/ tell= order>=0 /*Negative order? Then don't display. */ s= FibWord( abs(order) ) /*obtain the order of Fibonacci word.*/
x= 0; maxX= 0; dx= 0; b= ' '; @. = b; xp= 0 y= 0; maxY= 0; dy= 1; @.0.0= .; yp= 0 do n=1 for length(s); x= x + dx; y= y + dy /*advance the plot for the next point. */ maxX= max(maxX, x); maxY= max(maxY, y) /*set the maximums for displaying plot.*/ c= '│' /*glyph (character) used for the plot. */ if dx\==0 then c= "─" /*if x+dx isn't zero, use this char.*/ if n==1 then c= '┌' /*is this the first part to be graphed?*/ @.x.y= c /*assign a plotting character for curve*/ if @(xp-1, yp)\==b then if @(xp, yp-1)\==b then call @ xp,yp,'┐' /*fix─up a corner*/ if @(xp-1, yp)\==b then if @(xp, yp+1)\==b then call @ xp,yp,'┘' /* " " " */ if @(xp+1, yp)\==b then if @(xp, yp-1)\==b then call @ xp,yp,'┌' /* " " " */ if @(xp+1, yp)\==b then if @(xp, yp+1)\==b then call @ xp,yp,'└' /* " " " */ xp= x; yp= y /*save the old x & y coördinates.*/ z= substr(s, n, 1) /*assign a plot character for the graph*/ if z==1 then iterate /*Is Z equal to unity? Then ignore it.*/ ox= dx; oy= dy /*save DX,DY as the old versions. */ dx= 0; dy= 0 /*define DX,DY " " new " */ d= -n//2; if d==0 then d= 1 /*determine the sign for the chirality.*/ if oy\==0 then dx= -sign(oy) * d /*Going north│south? Go east|west */ if ox\==0 then dy= sign(ox) * d /* " east│west? " south|north */ end /*n*/
call @ x, y, '∙' /*set the last point that was plotted. */
do r=maxY to 0 by -1; _= /*show single row at a time, top first.*/ do c=0 for maxX+1; _= _ || @.c.r /*add a plot character (glyph) to line.*/ end /*c*/ /* [↑] construct a line char by char. */ _= strip(_, 'T') /*construct a line of the graph. */ if _== then iterate /*Is the line blank? Then ignore it. */ if tell then say _ /*Display the line to the terminal ? */ call lineout "FIBFRACT.OUT", _ /*write graph to disk (FIBFRACT.OUT). */ end /*r*/ /* [↑] only display the non-blank rows*/
exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ @: parse arg xx,yy,p; if arg(3)== then return @.xx.yy; @.xx.yy= p; return /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ FibWord: procedure; parse arg x; !.= 0; !.1= 1 /*obtain the order of Fibonacci word. */
do k=3 to x /*generate the Kth " " */ k1= k-1; k2= k - 2 /*calculate the K-1 & K-2 shortcut.*/ !.k= !.k1 || !.k2 /*construct the next Fibonacci word. */ end /*k*/ /* [↑] generate a " " */ return !.x /*return the Xth " " */</lang>
- output when using the input of: 17
(The output is shown 1/8 size.)
┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ │ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ ┌┘ └┐ │ │ └┐ ┌┘ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ │ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └─┘ └─┘ └┐ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ │ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ └─┘ │ │ └─┘ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌─┐ ┌─┐ ┌┘ └┐ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ └┐ ┌┘ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ ┌─┐ . └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └─┘ └∙
The output of this REXX program for this Rosetta Code task requirements can be seen here ───► Fibonacci word/fractal/FIBFRACT.REX.
Ruby
<lang ruby>def fibonacci_word(n)
words = ["1", "0"] (n-1).times{ words << words[-1] + words[-2] } words[n]
end
def print_fractal(word)
area = Hash.new(" ") x = y = 0 dx, dy = 0, -1 areax,y = "S" word.each_char.with_index(1) do |c,n| areax+dx, y+dy = dx.zero? ? "|" : "-" x, y = x+2*dx, y+2*dy areax, y = "+" dx,dy = n.even? ? [dy,-dx] : [-dy,dx] if c=="0" end (xmin, xmax), (ymin, ymax) = area.keys.transpose.map(&:minmax) for y in ymin..ymax puts (xmin..xmax).map{|x| areax,y}.join end
end
word = fibonacci_word(16) print_fractal(word)</lang>
- Output:
+-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + + + +-+-+ + + + + + + +-+-+ + + + | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | + + + + +-+-+ + + + + | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | + + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + + + + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | +-+ +-+ | | + + | | +-+ +-+ | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | + + +-+-+ + + + + + + +-+-+ + + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ | | | | | | + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + + + +-+-+ + + + + +-+-+ + + + | | | | | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ + + +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+
Rust
The output of this program is a file in SVG format. <lang rust>// [dependencies] // svg = "0.8.0"
use svg::node::element::path::Data; use svg::node::element::Path;
fn fibonacci_word(n: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
let mut f0 = vec![1]; let mut f1 = vec![0]; if n == 0 { return f0; } else if n == 1 { return f1; } let mut i = 2; loop { let mut f = Vec::with_capacity(f1.len() + f0.len()); f.extend(&f1); f.extend(f0); if i == n { return f; } f0 = f1; f1 = f; i += 1; }
}
struct FibwordFractal {
current_x: f64, current_y: f64, current_angle: i32, line_length: f64, max_x: f64, max_y: f64,
}
impl FibwordFractal {
fn new(x: f64, y: f64, length: f64, angle: i32) -> FibwordFractal { FibwordFractal { current_x: x, current_y: y, current_angle: angle, line_length: length, max_x: 0.0, max_y: 0.0, } } fn execute(&mut self, n: usize) -> Path { let mut data = Data::new().move_to((self.current_x, self.current_y)); for (i, byte) in fibonacci_word(n).iter().enumerate() { data = self.draw_line(data); if *byte == 0u8 { self.turn(if i % 2 == 1 { -90 } else { 90 }); } } Path::new() .set("fill", "none") .set("stroke", "black") .set("stroke-width", "1") .set("d", data) } fn draw_line(&mut self, data: Data) -> Data { let theta = (self.current_angle as f64).to_radians(); self.current_x += self.line_length * theta.cos(); self.current_y += self.line_length * theta.sin(); if self.current_x > self.max_x { self.max_x = self.current_x; } if self.current_y > self.max_y { self.max_y = self.current_y; } data.line_to((self.current_x, self.current_y)) } fn turn(&mut self, angle: i32) { self.current_angle = (self.current_angle + angle) % 360; } fn save(file: &str, order: usize) -> std::io::Result<()> { use svg::node::element::Rectangle; let x = 5.0; let y = 5.0; let rect = Rectangle::new() .set("width", "100%") .set("height", "100%") .set("fill", "white"); let mut ff = FibwordFractal::new(x, y, 1.0, 0); let path = ff.execute(order); let document = svg::Document::new() .set("width", 5 + ff.max_x as usize) .set("height", 5 + ff.max_y as usize) .add(rect) .add(path); svg::save(file, &document) }
}
fn main() {
FibwordFractal::save("fibword_fractal.svg", 22).unwrap();
}</lang>
- Output:
See: fibword_fractal.svg (offsite SVG image)
Scala
Note: will be computing an SVG image - not very efficient, but very cool. worked for me in the scala REPL with -J-Xmx2g argument. <lang scala> def fibIt = Iterator.iterate(("1","0")){case (f1,f2) => (f2,f1+f2)}.map(_._1)
def turnLeft(c: Char): Char = c match {
case 'R' => 'U' case 'U' => 'L' case 'L' => 'D' case 'D' => 'R'
}
def turnRight(c: Char): Char = c match {
case 'R' => 'D' case 'D' => 'L' case 'L' => 'U' case 'U' => 'R'
}
def directions(xss: List[(Char,Char)], current: Char = 'R'): List[Char] = xss match {
case Nil => current :: Nil case x :: xs => x._1 match { case '1' => current :: directions(xs, current) case '0' => x._2 match { case 'E' => current :: directions(xs, turnLeft(current)) case 'O' => current :: directions(xs, turnRight(current)) } }
}
def buildIt(xss: List[Char], old: Char = 'X', count: Int = 1): List[String] = xss match {
case Nil => s"$old$count" :: Nil case x :: xs if x == old => buildIt(xs,old,count+1) case x :: xs => s"$old$count" :: buildIt(xs,x)
}
def convertToLine(s: String, c: Int): String = (s.head, s.tail) match {
case ('R',n) => s"l ${c * n.toInt} 0" case ('U',n) => s"l 0 ${-c * n.toInt}" case ('L',n) => s"l ${-c * n.toInt} 0" case ('D',n) => s"l 0 ${c * n.toInt}"
}
def drawSVG(xStart: Int, yStart: Int, width: Int, height: Int, fibWord: String, lineMultiplier: Int, color: String): String = {
val xs = fibWord.zipWithIndex.map{case (c,i) => (c, if(c == '1') '_' else i % 2 match{case 0 => 'E'; case 1 => 'O'})}.toList val fractalPath = buildIt(directions(xs)).tail.map(convertToLine(_,lineMultiplier)) s"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="${width}px" height="${height}px" viewBox="0 0 $width $height"><path d="M $xStart $yStart ${fractalPath.mkString(" ")}" style="stroke:#$color;stroke-width:1" stroke-linejoin="miter" fill="none"/></svg>"""
}
drawSVG(0,25,550,530,fibIt.drop(18).next,3,"000") </lang>
- Output:
output string saved as an SVG file - BTW, would appreciate help on getting the image to display here nicely. couldn't figure out how to do that...
Scilab
This script uses Scilab's iterative solution to generate Fibonacci words, and the interpreting the words to generate the fractal is similar to Langton's ant. The result is displayed in a graphic window.
<lang>final_length = 37;
word_n = ; word_n_1 = ; word_n_2 = ;
for i = 1:final_length
if i == 1 then word_n = '1'; elseif i == 2 word_n = '0'; elseif i == 3 word_n = '01'; word_n_1 = '0'; else word_n_2 = word_n_1; word_n_1 = word_n; word_n = word_n_1 + word_n_2; end
end
word = strsplit(word_n); fractal_size = sum(word' == '0'); fractal = zeros(1+fractal_size,2);
direction_vectors = [1,0; 0,-1; -1,0; 0,1]; direction = direction_vectors(4,:); direction_name = 'N';
for j = 1:length(word_n);
fractal(j+1,:) = fractal(j,:) + direction; if word(j) == '0' then if pmodulo(j,2) then //right select direction_name case 'N' then direction = direction_vectors(1,:); direction_name = 'E'; case 'E' then direction = direction_vectors(2,:); direction_name = 'S'; case 'S' then direction = direction_vectors(3,:); direction_name = 'W'; case 'W' then direction = direction_vectors(4,:); direction_name = 'N'; end else //left select direction_name case 'N' then direction = direction_vectors(3,:); direction_name = 'W'; case 'W' then direction = direction_vectors(2,:); direction_name = 'S'; case 'S' then direction = direction_vectors(1,:); direction_name = 'E'; case 'E' then direction = direction_vectors(4,:); direction_name = 'N'; end end end
end
scf(0); clf(); plot2d(fractal(:,1),fractal(:,2)); set(gca(),'isoview','on');</lang>
Sidef
<lang ruby>var(m=17, scale=3) = ARGV.map{.to_i}...
(var world = Hash.new){0}{0} = 1 var loc = 0 var dir = 1i
var fib = ['1', '0'] func fib_word(n) {
fib[n] \\= (fib_word(n-1) + fib_word(n-2))
}
func step {
scale.times { loc += dir world{loc.im}{loc.re} = 1 }
}
func turn_left { dir *= 1i } func turn_right { dir *= -1i }
var n = 1 fib_word(m).each { |c|
if (c == '0') { step() n % 2 == 0 ? turn_left() : turn_right() } else { n++ }
}
func braille_graphics(a) {
var (xlo, xhi, ylo, yhi) = ([Inf, -Inf]*2)...
a.each_key { |y| ylo.min!(y.to_i) yhi.max!(y.to_i) a{y}.each_key { |x| xlo.min!(x.to_i) xhi.max!(x.to_i) } }
for y in (ylo..yhi `by` 4) { for x in (xlo..xhi `by` 2) { var cell = 0x2800
a{y+0}{x+0} && (cell += 1) a{y+1}{x+0} && (cell += 2) a{y+2}{x+0} && (cell += 4) a{y+0}{x+1} && (cell += 8) a{y+1}{x+1} && (cell += 16) a{y+2}{x+1} && (cell += 32) a{y+3}{x+0} && (cell += 64) a{y+3}{x+1} && (cell += 128)
print cell.chr } print "\n" }
}
braille_graphics(world)</lang>
- Output:
$ sidef fib_word_fractal.sf 12 3 ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠒⠃⠘⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣇⣸⠉⣇⣀⠀⣀⣸⠉⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⢲⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣉⡁⠀⠀⠀⢈⣉⡁⢈⣉⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⢤⠀⡤⠼⠀⠧⠼⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⢲⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠉⢹⣀⡏⢹⣀⡀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠉⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⡄⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⢠⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⠚⠀⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠀⠓⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢹⣀⡏⢹⣀⡀⢀⣀⡏⢹⣀⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⠇⠸⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠒⡆⢰⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tk
- OK, this stripped down version doesn't work for n<2…
proc fibword {n} {
set fw {1 0} while {[llength $fw] < $n} {
lappend fw [lindex $fw end][lindex $fw end-1]
} return [lindex $fw end]
} proc drawFW {canv fw {w {[$canv cget -width]}} {h {[$canv cget -height]}}} {
set w [subst $w] set h [subst $h]
# Generate the coordinate list using line segments of unit length set d 3; # Match the orientation in the sample paper set eo [set x [set y 0]] set coords [list $x $y] foreach c [split $fw ""] {
switch $d { 0 {lappend coords [incr x] $y} 1 {lappend coords $x [incr y]} 2 {lappend coords [incr x -1] $y} 3 {lappend coords $x [incr y -1]} } if {$c == 0} { set d [expr {($d + ($eo ? -1 : 1)) % 4}] } set eo [expr {!$eo}]
}
# Draw, and rescale to fit in canvas set id [$canv create line $coords] lassign [$canv bbox $id] x1 y1 x2 y2 set sf [expr {min(($w-20.) / ($y2-$y1), ($h-20.) / ($x2-$x1))}] $canv move $id [expr {-$x1}] [expr {-$y1}] $canv scale $id 0 0 $sf $sf $canv move $id 10 10 # Return the item ID to allow user reconfiguration return $id
}
pack [canvas .c -width 500 -height 500] drawFW .c [fibword 23]</lang>
zkl
Uses the PPM class from http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm#zkl
<lang zkl>fcn drawFibonacci(img,x,y,word){ // word is "01001010...", 75025 characters
dx:=0; dy:=1; // turtle direction foreach i,c in ([1..].zip(word)){ // Walker.zip(list)-->Walker of zipped list a:=x; b:=y; x+=dx; y+=dy; img.line(a,b, x,y, 0x00ff00); if (c=="0"){ dxy:=dx+dy;
if(i.isEven){ dx=(dx - dxy)%2; dy=(dxy - dy)%2; }// turn left else { dx=(dxy - dx)%2; dy=(dy - dxy)%2; }// turn right
} }
}
img:=PPM(1050,1050); fibWord:=L("1","0"); do(23){ fibWord.append(fibWord[-1] + fibWord[-2]); } drawFibonacci(img,20,20,fibWord[-1]); img.write(File("foo.ppm","wb"));</lang>
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