URL parser
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
URLs are strings with a simple syntax:
scheme://[username:password@]domain[:port]/path?query_string#fragment_id
- Task
Parse a well-formed URL to retrieve the relevant information: scheme, domain, path, ...
Note: this task has nothing to do with URL encoding or URL decoding.
According to the standards, the characters:
- ! * ' ( ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? % # [ ]
only need to be percent-encoded (%) in case of possible confusion.
Also note that the path, query and fragment are case sensitive, even if the scheme and domain are not.
The way the returned information is provided (set of variables, array, structured, record, object,...) is language-dependent and left to the programmer, but the code should be clear enough to reuse.
Extra credit is given for clear error diagnostics.
- Here is the official standard: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986,
- and here is a simpler BNF: http://www.w3.org/Addressing/URL/5_URI_BNF.html.
- Test cases
According to T. Berners-Lee
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose should parse into:
- scheme = foo
- domain = example.com
- port = :8042
- path = over/there
- query = name=ferret
- fragment = nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose should parse into:
- scheme = urn
- path = example:animal:ferret:nose
other URLs that must be parsed include:
- jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
- ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
- http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
- ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
- mailto:John.Doe@example.com
- news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
- tel:+1-816-555-1212
- telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
- urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO;
with AWS.URL;
with AWS.Parameters;
with AWS.Containers.Tables;
procedure URL_Parser is
procedure Parse (URL : in String) is
use AWS.URL, Ada.Text_IO;
use AWS.Containers.Tables;
procedure Put_Cond (Item : in String;
Value : in String;
When_Not : in String := "") is
begin
if Value /= When_Not then
Put (" "); Put (Item); Put_Line (Value);
end if;
end Put_Cond;
Obj : Object;
List : Table_Type;
begin
Put_Line ("Parsing " & URL);
Obj := Parse (URL);
List := Table_Type (AWS.Parameters.List'(AWS.URL.Parameters (Obj)));
Put_Cond ("Scheme: ", Protocol_Name (Obj));
Put_Cond ("Domain: ", Host (Obj));
Put_Cond ("Port: ", Port (Obj), When_Not => "0");
Put_Cond ("Path: ", Path (Obj));
Put_Cond ("File: ", File (Obj));
Put_Cond ("Query: ", Query (Obj));
Put_Cond ("Fragment: ", Fragment (Obj));
Put_Cond ("User: ", User (Obj));
Put_Cond ("Password: ", Password (Obj));
if List.Count /= 0 then
Put_Line (" Parameters:");
end if;
for Index in 1 .. List.Count loop
Put (" "); Put (Get_Name (List, N => Index));
Put (" "); Put ("'" & Get_Value (List, N => Index) & "'");
New_Line;
end loop;
New_Line;
end Parse;
begin
Parse ("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose");
Parse ("urn:example:animal:ferret:nose");
Parse ("jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true");
Parse ("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt");
Parse ("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1");
Parse ("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two");
Parse ("mailto:John.Doe@example.com");
Parse ("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix");
Parse ("tel:+1-816-555-1212");
Parse ("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/");
Parse ("urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2");
Parse ("ssh://alice@example.com");
Parse ("https://bob:pass@example.com/place");
Parse ("http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64");
end URL_Parser;
- Output:
Parsing foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
Scheme: foo
Domain: example.com
Port: 8042
Path: /over/
File: there
Query: name=ferret
Fragment: #nose
Parameters:
name 'ferret'
Parsing urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
Scheme: urn
File: example:animal:ferret:nose
Parsing jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
Scheme: jdbc
Path: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/
File: sakila
Query: profileSQL=true
Parameters:
profileSQL 'true'
Parsing ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
Scheme: ftp
Domain: ftp.is.co.za
Port: 21
Path: /rfc/
File: rfc1808.txt
Parsing http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
Scheme: http
Domain: www.ietf.org
Port: 80
Path: /rfc/
File: rfc2396.txt
Fragment: #header1
Parsing ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
Scheme: ldap
Domain: 2001:db8::7
Path: /
File: c=GB
Query: objectClass=one&objectClass=two
Parameters:
objectClass 'one'
objectClass 'two'
Parsing mailto:John.Doe@example.com
Scheme: mailto
File: John.Doe@example.com
Parsing news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Scheme: news
File: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Parsing tel:+1-816-555-1212
Scheme: tel
File: 1-816-555-1212
Parsing telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
Scheme: telnet
Domain: 192.0.2.16
Port: 80
Path: /
Parsing urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Scheme: urn
File: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Parsing ssh://alice@example.com
Scheme: ssh
Domain: alice@example.com
Path: /
Parsing https://bob:pass@example.com/place
Scheme: https
Domain: example.com
Port: 443
Path: /
File: place
User: bob
Password: pass
Parsing http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Scheme: http
Domain: example.com
Port: 80
Path: /
Query: a=1&b=2%202&c=3&c=4&d=encoded
Parameters:
a '1'
b '2 2'
c '3'
c '4'
d 'encoded'
ALGOL 68
Uses the URI parser here: URL_parser/URI_parser_ALGOL68.
PR read "uriParser.a68" PR
PROC test uri parser = ( STRING uri )VOID:
BEGIN
URI result := parse uri( uri );
print( ( uri, ":", newline ) );
IF NOT ok OF result
THEN
# the parse failed #
print( ( " ", error OF result, newline ) )
ELSE
# parsed OK #
print( ( " scheme: ", scheme OF result, newline ) );
IF userinfo OF result /= "" THEN print( ( " userinfo: ", userinfo OF result, newline ) ) FI;
IF host OF result /= "" THEN print( ( " host: ", host OF result, newline ) ) FI;
IF port OF result /= "" THEN print( ( " port: ", port OF result, newline ) ) FI;
IF path OF result /= "" THEN print( ( " path: ", path OF result, newline ) ) FI;
IF query OF result /= "" THEN print( ( " query: ", query OF result, newline ) ) FI;
IF fragment id OF result /= "" THEN print( ( " fragment id: ", fragment id OF result, newline ) ) FI
FI;
print( ( newline ) )
END # test uri parser # ;
BEGIN test uri parser( "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose" )
; test uri parser( "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose" )
; test uri parser( "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true" )
; test uri parser( "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt" )
; test uri parser( "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1" )
; test uri parser( "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two" )
; test uri parser( "mailto:John.Doe@example.com" )
; test uri parser( "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix" )
; test uri parser( "tel:+1-816-555-1212" )
; test uri parser( "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/" )
; test uri parser( "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2" )
; test uri parser( "ssh://alice@example.com" )
; test uri parser( "https://bob:pass@example.com/place" )
; test uri parser( "http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64" )
END- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose:
scheme: foo
host: example.com
port: 8042
path: /over/there
query: name=ferret
fragment id: nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose:
scheme: urn
path: example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true:
scheme: jdbc
path: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
query: profileSQL=true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt:
scheme: ftp
host: ftp.is.co.za
path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1:
scheme: http
host: www.ietf.org
path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt
fragment id: header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two:
scheme: ldap
host: 2001:db8::7
path: /c=GB
query: objectClass=one&objectClass=two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com:
scheme: mailto
path: John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix:
scheme: news
path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212:
scheme: tel
path: +1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/:
scheme: telnet
host: 192.0.2.16
port: 80
path: /
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2:
scheme: urn
path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
ssh://alice@example.com:
scheme: ssh
userinfo: alice
host: example.com
https://bob:pass@example.com/place:
scheme: https
userinfo: bob:pass
host: example.com
path: /place
http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64:
scheme: http
host: example.com
path: /
query: a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
AppleScript
Thanks to AppleScript's ability to interface with some of macOS's ObjectiveC API, the various components can simply be read off from an NSURLComponents object set from the URL text.
use AppleScript version "2.4" -- OS X 10.10 (Yosemite) or later
use framework "Foundation"
on parseURLString(URLString)
set output to {URLString}
set indent to tab & "• "
set componentsObject to current application's class "NSURLComponents"'s componentsWithString:(URLString)
repeat with thisKey in {"scheme", "user", "password", "host", "port", "path", "query", "fragment"}
set thisValue to (componentsObject's valueForKey:(thisKey))
if (thisValue is not missing value) then set end of output to indent & thisKey & (" = " & thisValue)
end repeat
return join(output, linefeed)
end parseURLString
on join(listOfText, delimiter)
set astid to AppleScript's text item delimiters
set AppleScript's text item delimiters to delimiter
set output to listOfText as text
set AppleScript's text item delimiters to astid
return output
end join
-- Test code:
local output, URLString
set output to {}
repeat with URLString in {"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose", ¬
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose", ¬
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true", ¬
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt", ¬
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1", ¬
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two", ¬
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com", ¬
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", ¬
"tel:+1-816-555-1212", ¬
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/", ¬
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2", ¬
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"}
set end of output to parseURLString(URLString's contents)
end repeat
return join(output, linefeed & linefeed)
- Output:
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
• scheme = foo
• host = example.com
• port = 8042
• path = /over/there
• query = name=ferret
• fragment = nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
• scheme = urn
• path = example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
• scheme = jdbc
• path = mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
• query = profileSQL=true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
• scheme = ftp
• host = ftp.is.co.za
• path = /rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
• scheme = http
• host = www.ietf.org
• path = /rfc/rfc2396.txt
• fragment = header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
• scheme = ldap
• host = [2001:db8::7]
• path = /c=GB
• query = objectClass=one&objectClass=two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
• scheme = mailto
• path = John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
• scheme = news
• path = comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
• scheme = tel
• path = +1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
• scheme = telnet
• host = 192.0.2.16
• port = 80
• path = /
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
• scheme = urn
• path = oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
• scheme = http
• host = example.com
• path = /
• query = a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=encoded"
C#
using System;
namespace RosettaUrlParse
{
class Program
{
static void ParseUrl(string url)
{
var u = new Uri(url);
Console.WriteLine("URL: {0}", u.AbsoluteUri);
Console.WriteLine("Scheme: {0}", u.Scheme);
Console.WriteLine("Host: {0}", u.DnsSafeHost);
Console.WriteLine("Port: {0}", u.Port);
Console.WriteLine("Path: {0}", u.LocalPath);
Console.WriteLine("Query: {0}", u.Query);
Console.WriteLine("Fragment: {0}", u.Fragment);
Console.WriteLine();
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ParseUrl("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose");
ParseUrl("urn:example:animal:ferret:nose");
ParseUrl("jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true");
ParseUrl("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt");
ParseUrl("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1");
ParseUrl("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one");
ParseUrl("mailto:John.Doe@example.com");
ParseUrl("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix");
ParseUrl("tel:+1-816-555-1212");
ParseUrl("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/");
ParseUrl("urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2");
}
}
}
Crystal
This example demonstrates use of the Crystal standard library's URI class.
require "uri"
examples = ["foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"https://bob:password@[::1]/place?a=1&b=2%202"]
examples.each do |example|
puts "Parsing \"#{example}\":"
url = URI.parse example
{% for name in ["scheme", "host", "hostname", "port", "path", "userinfo",
"user", "password", "fragment", "query"] %}
unless url.{{name.id}}.nil?
puts " {{name.id}}: \"#{url.{{name.id}}}\""
end
{% end %}
unless url.query_params.empty?
puts " query_params:"
url.query_params.each do |k, v|
puts " #{k}: \"#{v}\""
end
end
puts
end
- Output:
Parsing "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose":
scheme: "foo"
host: "example.com"
hostname: "example.com"
port: "8042"
path: "/over/there"
fragment: "nose"
query: "name=ferret"
query_params:
name: "ferret"
Parsing "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose":
scheme: "urn"
path: "example:animal:ferret:nose"
Parsing "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true":
scheme: "jdbc"
path: "mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila"
query: "profileSQL=true"
query_params:
profileSQL: "true"
Parsing "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt":
scheme: "ftp"
host: "ftp.is.co.za"
hostname: "ftp.is.co.za"
path: "/rfc/rfc1808.txt"
Parsing "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1":
scheme: "http"
host: "www.ietf.org"
hostname: "www.ietf.org"
path: "/rfc/rfc2396.txt"
fragment: "header1"
Parsing "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two":
scheme: "ldap"
host: "[2001:db8::7]"
hostname: "2001:db8::7"
path: "/c=GB"
query: "objectClass=one&objectClass=two"
query_params:
objectClass: "one"
objectClass: "two"
Parsing "mailto:John.Doe@example.com":
scheme: "mailto"
path: "John.Doe@example.com"
Parsing "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix":
scheme: "news"
path: "comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix"
Parsing "tel:+1-816-555-1212":
scheme: "tel"
path: "+1-816-555-1212"
Parsing "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/":
scheme: "telnet"
host: "192.0.2.16"
hostname: "192.0.2.16"
port: "80"
path: "/"
Parsing "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2":
scheme: "urn"
path: "oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2"
Parsing "https://bob:password@[::1]/place?a=1&b=2%202":
scheme: "https"
host: "[::1]"
hostname: "::1"
path: "/place"
userinfo: "bob:password"
user: "bob"
password: "password"
query: "a=1&b=2%202"
query_params:
a: "1"
b: "2 2"
Elixir
test_cases = [
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"
]
Enum.each(test_cases, fn str ->
IO.puts "\n#{str}"
IO.inspect URI.parse(str)
end)
- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
%URI{authority: "example.com:8042", fragment: "nose", host: "example.com",
path: "/over/there", port: 8042, query: "name=ferret", scheme: "foo",
userinfo: nil}
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
%URI{authority: nil, fragment: nil, host: nil,
path: "example:animal:ferret:nose", port: nil, query: nil, scheme: "urn",
userinfo: nil}
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
%URI{authority: nil, fragment: nil, host: nil,
path: "mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila", port: nil,
query: "profileSQL=true", scheme: "jdbc", userinfo: nil}
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
%URI{authority: "ftp.is.co.za", fragment: nil, host: "ftp.is.co.za",
path: "/rfc/rfc1808.txt", port: 21, query: nil, scheme: "ftp", userinfo: nil}
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
%URI{authority: "www.ietf.org", fragment: "header1", host: "www.ietf.org",
path: "/rfc/rfc2396.txt", port: 80, query: nil, scheme: "http", userinfo: nil}
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
%URI{authority: "2001:db8::7", fragment: nil, host: "2001:db8::7",
path: "/c=GB", port: 389, query: "objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
scheme: "ldap", userinfo: nil}
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
%URI{authority: nil, fragment: nil, host: nil, path: "John.Doe@example.com",
port: nil, query: nil, scheme: "mailto", userinfo: nil}
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
%URI{authority: nil, fragment: nil, host: nil,
path: "comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", port: nil, query: nil,
scheme: "news", userinfo: nil}
tel:+1-816-555-1212
%URI{authority: nil, fragment: nil, host: nil, path: "+1-816-555-1212",
port: nil, query: nil, scheme: "tel", userinfo: nil}
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
%URI{authority: "192.0.2.16:80", fragment: nil, host: "192.0.2.16", path: "/",
port: 80, query: nil, scheme: "telnet", userinfo: nil}
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
%URI{authority: nil, fragment: nil, host: nil,
path: "oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2", port: nil, query: nil,
scheme: "urn", userinfo: nil}
ssh://alice@example.com
%URI{authority: "alice@example.com", fragment: nil, host: "example.com",
path: nil, port: nil, query: nil, scheme: "ssh", userinfo: "alice"}
https://bob:pass@example.com/place
%URI{authority: "bob:pass@example.com", fragment: nil, host: "example.com",
path: "/place", port: 443, query: nil, scheme: "https", userinfo: "bob:pass"}
http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
%URI{authority: "example.com", fragment: nil, host: "example.com", path: "/",
port: 80, query: "a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64", scheme: "http",
userinfo: nil}
FutureBasic
local fn ParseURL( urlStr as CFStringRef ) as CFStringRef
CFMutableStringRef mutStr = fn MutableStringNew
URLQueryItemRef queryItem
URLComponentsRef components = fn URLComponentsWithString( urlStr )
CFStringRef scheme = fn URLComponentsScheme( components )
CFStringRef domain = fn URLComponentsHost( components )
CFNumberRef port = fn URLPort( fn URLWithString( urlStr ) )
CFStringRef path = fn URLComponentsPath( components )
CFStringRef user = fn URLComponentsUser( components )
CFStringRef query = fn URLComponentsQuery( components )
CFStringRef fragment = fn URLComponentsFragment( components )
CFStringRef password = fn URLComponentsPassword( components )
CFArrayRef queryItems = fn URLComponentsQueryItems( components )
if urlStr then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"url: %@\n", urlStr ) )
if scheme then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"scheme: %@\n", scheme ) )
if domain then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"domain: %@\n", domain ) )
if port then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"port: :%@\n", port ) )
if path then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"path: %@\n", path ) )
if user then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"user: %@\n", user ) )
if password then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"password: %@\n", password ) )
if query then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"query: %@\n", query ) )
if fragment then MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringWithFormat( @"fragment: %@\n", fragment ) )
for queryItem in queryItems
CFStringRef name = fn URLQueryItemName( queryItem )
CFStringRef value = fn URLQueryItemValue( queryItem )
MutableStringAppendFormat( mutStr, @"%@: %@\n", name, value )
next
end fn = fn StringWithString( mutStr )
print fn ParseURL( @"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose" )
print fn ParseURL( @"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose" )
print fn ParseURL( @"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt" )
print fn ParseURL( @"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1" )
print fn ParseURL( @"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two" )
print fn ParseURL( @"mailto:John.Doe@example.com" )
print fn ParseURL( @"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix" )
print fn ParseURL( @"tel:+1-816-555-1212" )
print fn ParseURL( @"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/" )
print fn ParseURL( @"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2" )
HandleEvents- Output:
url: foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose scheme: foo domain: example.com port: :8042 path: /over/there query: name=ferret fragment: nose name: ferret url: urn:example:animal:ferret:nose scheme: urn path: example:animal:ferret:nose url: ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt scheme: ftp domain: ftp.is.co.za path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt url: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 scheme: http domain: www.ietf.org path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt fragment: header1 url: ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two scheme: ldap domain: [2001:db8::7] path: /c=GB query: objectClass=one&objectClass=two objectClass: one objectClass: two url: mailto:John.Doe@example.com scheme: mailto path: John.Doe@example.com url: news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix scheme: news path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix url: tel:+1-816-555-1212 scheme: tel path: +1-816-555-1212 url: telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ scheme: telnet domain: 192.0.2.16 port: :80 path: / url: urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 scheme: urn path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
F#
DotNet has the builtin class System.URI which parses URI strings.
Some points of interest:
- The Query and Fragment properties do also show the separators '?' and '#' respectively, if those parts are given in the
URI to parse. This allows to distinguish between a missing query/fragment and a given empty query/fragment.
To align with the output shown for other languages the separators are removed here. - the Port property is typed as an int. Therefore "not given" is generally shown as -1 (but see the following point.)
- The System.URI class does some "Scheme-Based Normalization" (c/f rfc3986 section 6.2.3), i. e. it knows about certain defaults for some schemes. With the test data this shows with the port numbers for http, ftp, ldap, mailto.
open System
open System.Text.RegularExpressions
let writeline n v = if String.IsNullOrEmpty(v) then () else printfn "%-15s %s" n v
let toUri = fun s -> Uri(s.ToString())
let urisFromString = (Regex(@"\S+").Matches) >> Seq.cast >> (Seq.map toUri)
urisFromString """
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
"""
|> Seq.iter (fun u ->
writeline "\nURI:" (u.ToString())
writeline " scheme:" (u.Scheme)
writeline " host:" (u.Host)
writeline " port:" (if u.Port < 0 then "" else u.Port.ToString())
writeline " path:" (u.AbsolutePath)
writeline " query:" (if u.Query.Length > 0 then u.Query.Substring(1) else "")
writeline " fragment:" (if u.Fragment.Length > 0 then u.Fragment.Substring(1) else "")
)
- Output:
URI: foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
scheme: foo
host: example.com
port: 8042
path: /over/there
query: name=ferret
fragment: nose
URI: urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
scheme: urn
path: example:animal:ferret:nose
URI: jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
scheme: jdbc
path: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
query: profileSQL=true
URI: ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
scheme: ftp
host: ftp.is.co.za
port: 21
path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt
URI: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
scheme: http
host: www.ietf.org
port: 80
path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt
fragment: header1
URI: ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one
scheme: ldap
host: [2001:db8::7]
port: 389
path: /c=GB
query: objectClass?one
URI: mailto:John.Doe@example.com
scheme: mailto
host: example.com
port: 25
URI: news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
scheme: news
path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
URI: tel:+1-816-555-1212
scheme: tel
path: +1-816-555-1212
URI: telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
scheme: telnet
host: 192.0.2.16
port: 80
path: /
URI: urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
scheme: urn
path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Go
This uses Go's standard net/url package. The source code for this package (excluding tests) is in a single file of ~720 lines.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
for _, in := range []string{
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64",
} {
fmt.Println(in)
u, err := url.Parse(in)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
continue
}
if in != u.String() {
fmt.Printf("Note: reassmebles as %q\n", u)
}
printURL(u)
}
}
func printURL(u *url.URL) {
fmt.Println(" Scheme:", u.Scheme)
if u.Opaque != "" {
fmt.Println(" Opaque:", u.Opaque)
}
if u.User != nil {
fmt.Println(" Username:", u.User.Username())
if pwd, ok := u.User.Password(); ok {
fmt.Println(" Password:", pwd)
}
}
if u.Host != "" {
if host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host); err == nil {
fmt.Println(" Host:", host)
fmt.Println(" Port:", port)
} else {
fmt.Println(" Host:", u.Host)
}
}
if u.Path != "" {
fmt.Println(" Path:", u.Path)
}
if u.RawQuery != "" {
fmt.Println(" RawQuery:", u.RawQuery)
m, err := url.ParseQuery(u.RawQuery)
if err == nil {
for k, v := range m {
fmt.Printf(" Key: %q Values: %q\n", k, v)
}
}
}
if u.Fragment != "" {
fmt.Println(" Fragment:", u.Fragment)
}
}
- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
Scheme: foo
Host: example.com
Port: 8042
Path: /over/there
RawQuery: name=ferret
Key: "name" Values: ["ferret"]
Fragment: nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
Scheme: urn
Opaque: example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
Scheme: jdbc
Opaque: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
RawQuery: profileSQL=true
Key: "profileSQL" Values: ["true"]
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
Scheme: ftp
Host: ftp.is.co.za
Path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
Scheme: http
Host: www.ietf.org
Path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt
Fragment: header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
Scheme: ldap
Host: [2001:db8::7]
Path: /c=GB
RawQuery: objectClass=one&objectClass=two
Key: "objectClass" Values: ["one" "two"]
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
Scheme: mailto
Opaque: John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Scheme: news
Opaque: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
Scheme: tel
Opaque: +1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
Scheme: telnet
Host: 192.0.2.16
Port: 80
Path: /
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Scheme: urn
Opaque: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
ssh://alice@example.com
Scheme: ssh
Username: alice
Host: example.com
https://bob:pass@example.com/place
Scheme: https
Username: bob
Password: pass
Host: example.com
Path: /place
http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Scheme: http
Host: example.com
Path: /
RawQuery: a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Key: "a" Values: ["1"]
Key: "b" Values: ["2 2"]
Key: "c" Values: ["3" "4"]
Key: "d" Values: ["encoded"]
Groovy
Test:
import java.net.URI
[
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2"
].each { String url ->
// magic happens here
URI u = url.toURI()
// Results displayed here
println """
|Parsing $url
| scheme = ${u.scheme}
| domain = ${u.host}
| port = ${(u.port + 1) ? u.port : 'default' }
| path = ${u.path ?: u.schemeSpecificPart}
| query = ${u.query}
| fragment = ${u.fragment}""".stripMargin()
}
Output:
Parsing foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
scheme = foo
domain = example.com
port = 8042
path = /over/there
query = name=ferret
fragment = nose
Parsing urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
scheme = urn
domain = null
port = default
path = example:animal:ferret:nose
query = null
fragment = null
Parsing jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
scheme = jdbc
domain = null
port = default
path = mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
query = null
fragment = null
Parsing ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
scheme = ftp
domain = ftp.is.co.za
port = default
path = /rfc/rfc1808.txt
query = null
fragment = null
Parsing http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
scheme = http
domain = www.ietf.org
port = default
path = /rfc/rfc2396.txt
query = null
fragment = header1
Parsing ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
scheme = ldap
domain = [2001:db8::7]
port = default
path = /c=GB
query = objectClass=one&objectClass=two
fragment = null
Parsing mailto:John.Doe@example.com
scheme = mailto
domain = null
port = default
path = John.Doe@example.com
query = null
fragment = null
Parsing news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
scheme = news
domain = null
port = default
path = comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
query = null
fragment = null
Parsing tel:+1-816-555-1212
scheme = tel
domain = null
port = default
path = +1-816-555-1212
query = null
fragment = null
Parsing telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
scheme = telnet
domain = 192.0.2.16
port = 80
path = /
query = null
fragment = null
Parsing urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
scheme = urn
domain = null
port = default
path = oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
query = null
fragment = null
Haskell
Example uses network-uri package:
module Main (main) where
import Data.Foldable (for_)
import Network.URI
( URI
, URIAuth
, parseURI
, uriAuthority
, uriFragment
, uriPath
, uriPort
, uriQuery
, uriRegName
, uriScheme
, uriUserInfo
)
uriStrings :: [String]
uriStrings =
[ "https://bob:pass@example.com/place"
, "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose"
, "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose"
, "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true"
, "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt"
, "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1"
, "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one"
, "mailto:John.Doe@example.com"
, "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix"
, "tel:+1-816-555-1212"
, "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/"
, "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2"
]
trimmedUriScheme :: URI -> String
trimmedUriScheme = init . uriScheme
trimmedUriUserInfo :: URIAuth -> Maybe String
trimmedUriUserInfo uriAuth =
case uriUserInfo uriAuth of
[] -> Nothing
userInfo -> if last userInfo == '@' then Just (init userInfo) else Nothing
trimmedUriPath :: URI -> String
trimmedUriPath uri = case uriPath uri of '/' : t -> t; p -> p
trimmedUriQuery :: URI -> Maybe String
trimmedUriQuery uri = case uriQuery uri of '?' : t -> Just t; _ -> Nothing
trimmedUriFragment :: URI -> Maybe String
trimmedUriFragment uri = case uriFragment uri of '#' : t -> Just t; _ -> Nothing
main :: IO ()
main = do
for_ uriStrings $ \uriString -> do
case parseURI uriString of
Nothing -> putStrLn $ "Could not parse" ++ uriString
Just uri -> do
putStrLn uriString
putStrLn $ " scheme = " ++ trimmedUriScheme uri
case uriAuthority uri of
Nothing -> return ()
Just uriAuth -> do
case trimmedUriUserInfo uriAuth of
Nothing -> return ()
Just userInfo -> putStrLn $ " user-info = " ++ userInfo
putStrLn $ " domain = " ++ uriRegName uriAuth
putStrLn $ " port = " ++ uriPort uriAuth
putStrLn $ " path = " ++ trimmedUriPath uri
case trimmedUriQuery uri of
Nothing -> return ()
Just query -> putStrLn $ " query = " ++ query
case trimmedUriFragment uri of
Nothing -> return ()
Just fragment -> putStrLn $ " fragment = " ++ fragment
putStrLn ""
- Output:
https://bob:pass@example.com/place scheme = https user-info = bob:pass domain = example.com port = path = place foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose scheme = foo domain = example.com port = :8042 path = over/there query = name=ferret fragment = nose urn:example:animal:ferret:nose scheme = urn path = example:animal:ferret:nose jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true scheme = jdbc path = mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila query = profileSQL=true ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt scheme = ftp domain = ftp.is.co.za port = path = rfc/rfc1808.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 scheme = http domain = www.ietf.org port = path = rfc/rfc2396.txt fragment = header1 ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one scheme = ldap domain = [2001:db8::7] port = path = c=GB query = objectClass?one mailto:John.Doe@example.com scheme = mailto path = John.Doe@example.com news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix scheme = news path = comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix tel:+1-816-555-1212 scheme = tel path = +1-816-555-1212 telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ scheme = telnet domain = 192.0.2.16 port = :80 path = urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 scheme = urn path = oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
J
As most errors are contextual (e.g. invalid authority, invalid path, unrecognized scheme), we shall defer error testing to the relevant consumers. This might offend some on the grounds of temporary safety, but consumers already bear responsibility to parse and validate their relevant uri element(s).
Our parsing strategy is fixed format recursive descent. (Please do not criticize this on efficiency grounds without first investigating the implementations of other parsers.)
Implementation:
split=:1 :0
({. ; ] }.~ 1+[)~ i.&m
)
uriparts=:3 :0
'server fragment'=. '#' split y
'sa query'=. '?' split server
'scheme authpath'=. ':' split sa
scheme;authpath;query;fragment
)
queryparts=:3 :0
(0<#y)#<;._1 '?',y
)
authpathparts=:3 :0
if. '//' -: 2{.y do.
split=. <;.1 y
(}.1{::split);;2}.split
else.
'';y
end.
)
authparts=:3 :0
if. '@' e. y do.
'userinfo hostport'=. '@' split y
else.
hostport=. y [ userinfo=.''
end.
if. '[' = {.hostport do.
'host_t port_t'=. ']' split hostport
assert. (0=#port_t)+.':'={.port_t
(':' split userinfo),(host_t,']');}.port_t
else.
(':' split userinfo),':' split hostport
end.
)
taskparts=:3 :0
'scheme authpath querystring fragment'=. uriparts y
'auth path'=. authpathparts authpath
'user creds host port'=. authparts auth
query=. queryparts querystring
export=. ;:'scheme user creds host port path query fragment'
(#~ 0<#@>@{:"1) (,. do each) export
)
Task examples:
taskparts 'foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose'
┌────────┬─────────────┐
│scheme │foo │
├────────┼─────────────┤
│host │example.com │
├────────┼─────────────┤
│port │8042 │
├────────┼─────────────┤
│path │/over/there │
├────────┼─────────────┤
│query │┌───────────┐│
│ ││name=ferret││
│ │└───────────┘│
├────────┼─────────────┤
│fragment│nose │
└────────┴─────────────┘
taskparts 'urn:example:animal:ferret:nose'
┌──────┬──────────────────────────┐
│scheme│urn │
├──────┼──────────────────────────┤
│path │example:animal:ferret:nose│
└──────┴──────────────────────────┘
taskparts 'jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true'
┌──────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│scheme│jdbc │
├──────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│path │mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila│
├──────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│query │┌───────────────┐ │
│ ││profileSQL=true│ │
│ │└───────────────┘ │
└──────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
taskparts 'ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt'
┌──────┬────────────────┐
│scheme│ftp │
├──────┼────────────────┤
│host │ftp.is.co.za │
├──────┼────────────────┤
│path │/rfc/rfc1808.txt│
└──────┴────────────────┘
taskparts 'http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1'
┌────────┬────────────────┐
│scheme │http │
├────────┼────────────────┤
│host │www.ietf.org │
├────────┼────────────────┤
│path │/rfc/rfc2396.txt│
├────────┼────────────────┤
│fragment│header1 │
└────────┴────────────────┘
taskparts 'ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two'
┌──────┬─────────────────────────────────┐
│scheme│ldap │
├──────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│host │[2001:db8::7] │
├──────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│path │/c=GB │
├──────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│query │┌───────────────────────────────┐│
│ ││objectClass=one&objectClass=two││
│ │└───────────────────────────────┘│
└──────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
taskparts 'mailto:John.Doe@example.com'
┌──────┬────────────────────┐
│scheme│mailto │
├──────┼────────────────────┤
│path │John.Doe@example.com│
└──────┴────────────────────┘
taskparts 'news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix'
┌──────┬─────────────────────────────────┐
│scheme│news │
├──────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│path │comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix│
└──────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
taskparts 'tel:+1-816-555-1212'
┌──────┬───────────────┐
│scheme│tel │
├──────┼───────────────┤
│path │+1-816-555-1212│
└──────┴───────────────┘
taskparts 'telnet://192.0.2.16:80/'
┌──────┬──────────┐
│scheme│telnet │
├──────┼──────────┤
│host │192.0.2.16│
├──────┼──────────┤
│port │80 │
├──────┼──────────┤
│path │/ │
└──────┴──────────┘
taskparts 'urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2'
┌──────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│scheme│urn │
├──────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│path │oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2│
└──────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Note that the path of the example jdbc uri is itself a uri which may be parsed:
taskparts 'mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila'
┌──────┬──────────┐
│scheme│mysql │
├──────┼──────────┤
│user │test_user │
├──────┼──────────┤
│pass │ouupppssss│
├──────┼──────────┤
│host │localhost │
├──────┼──────────┤
│port │3306 │
├──────┼──────────┤
│path │/sakila │
└──────┴──────────┘
Also, examples borrowed from the go implementation:
taskparts 'ssh://alice@example.com'
┌──────┬───────────┐
│scheme│ssh │
├──────┼───────────┤
│user │alice │
├──────┼───────────┤
│host │example.com│
└──────┴───────────┘
taskparts 'https://bob:pass@example.com/place'
┌──────┬───────────┐
│scheme│https │
├──────┼───────────┤
│user │bob │
├──────┼───────────┤
│creds │pass │
├──────┼───────────┤
│host │example.com│
├──────┼───────────┤
│path │/place │
└──────┴───────────┘
taskparts 'http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64'
┌──────┬───────────────────────────────────────────┐
│scheme│http │
├──────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┤
│host │example.com │
├──────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┤
│path │/ │
├──────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┤
│query │┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ ││a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64││
│ │└─────────────────────────────────────────┘│
└──────┴───────────────────────────────────────────┘
Note that escape decoding is left to the consumer (as well as decoding things like '+' as a replacement for the space character and determining the absolute significance of relative paths and the details of ip address parsing and so on...). This seems like a good match to the hierarchical nature of uri parsing. See URL decoding for an implementation of escape decoding.
Note that taskparts was engineered specifically for the requirements of this task -- in idiomatic use you should instead expect to call the relevant ____parts routines directly as illustrated by the first four lines of taskparts.
Note that w3c recommends a handling for query strings which differs from that of RFC-3986. For example, the use of ; as replacement for the & delimiter, or the use of the query element name as the query element value when the = delimiter is omitted from the name/value pair. We do not implement that here, as it's not a part of this task. But that sort of implementation could be achieved by replacing the definition of queryparts. And, of course, other treatments of query strings are also possible, should that become necessary...
Java
Java offers the URI class which will parse a URL. URNs are not supported.
URI uri;
try {
uri = new URI("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose");
} catch (URISyntaxException exception) {
/* invalid URI */
}
You would then use any of the accompanying class methods to retrieve the value you're looking for.
For example, to get the scheme value, you would use the following.
uri.getScheme()
It successfully parsed a majority of the test URLs.
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose scheme: foo userinfo: host: example.com port: 8042 authority: example.com:8042 path: /over/there query: name=ferret fragment: nose
To parse the 'jdbc:' URL you'll need to remove the prefix.
mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true scheme: mysql userinfo: test_user:ouupppssss host: localhost port: 3306 authority: test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306 path: /sakila query: profileSQL=true fragment:
The others work as expected, except for 'mailto', 'news', and 'tel'.
Although, these are not too complicated to parse. For 'mailto', I used a class with two records.
RFC 6068 defines a 'mailto' scheme. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6068.
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MailTo {
private final To to;
private List<Field> fields;
public MailTo(String string) {
if (string == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (string.isBlank() || !string.toLowerCase().startsWith("mailto:"))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requires 'mailto' scheme");
string = string.substring(string.indexOf(':') + 1);
/* we can use the 'URLDecoder' class to decode any entities */
string = URLDecoder.decode(string, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
/* the address and fields are separated by a '?' */
int indexOf = string.indexOf('?');
String[] address;
if (indexOf == -1)
address = string.split("@");
else {
address = string.substring(0, indexOf).split("@");
string = string.substring(indexOf + 1);
/* each field is separated by a '&' */
String[] fields = string.split("&");
String[] field;
this.fields = new ArrayList<>(fields.length);
for (String value : fields) {
field = value.split("=");
this.fields.add(new Field(field[0], field[1]));
}
}
to = new To(address[0], address[1]);
}
record To(String user, String host) { }
record Field(String name, String value) { }
}
I ran a majority of the examples from RFC 6068 and got the expected results
mailto:infobot@example.com?subject=current-issue user infobot host example.com name subject value current-issue mailto:list@example.org?In-Reply-To=%3C3469A91.D10AF4C@example.com%3E user list host example.org name In-Reply-To value <3469A91.D10AF4C@example.com>
Both 'tel' and 'news' are similar, and actually simpler.
RFC 3966 outlines the 'tel' syntaxs. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3966.
And RFC 5538 outlines the 'news' syntax. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5538.html.
JavaScript
As JavaScript is (at the time of writing) still the native language of the DOM, the simplest first-pass approach will be to set the href property of a DOM element, and read off the various components of the DOM parse from that element.
Here is an example, tested against the JavaScript engines of current versions of Chrome and Safari, of taking this 'Gordian knot' approach to the task:
(function (lstURL) {
var e = document.createElement('a'),
lstKeys = [
'hash',
'host',
'hostname',
'origin',
'pathname',
'port',
'protocol',
'search'
],
fnURLParse = function (strURL) {
e.href = strURL;
return lstKeys.reduce(
function (dct, k) {
dct[k] = e[k];
return dct;
}, {}
);
};
return JSON.stringify(
lstURL.map(fnURLParse),
null, 2
);
})([
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"
]);
Results of applying this approach in the JavaScript of Safari 8
[
{
"hash": "#nose",
"host": "example.com:8042",
"hostname": "example.com",
"origin": "foo://example.com:8042",
"pathname": "/over/there",
"port": "8042",
"protocol": "foo:",
"search": "?name=ferret"
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "",
"hostname": "",
"origin": "urn://",
"pathname": "example:animal:ferret:nose",
"port": "",
"protocol": "urn:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "",
"hostname": "",
"origin": "jdbc://",
"pathname": "mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila",
"port": "",
"protocol": "jdbc:",
"search": "?profileSQL=true"
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "ftp.is.co.za",
"hostname": "ftp.is.co.za",
"origin": "ftp://ftp.is.co.za",
"pathname": "/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"port": "",
"protocol": "ftp:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "#header1",
"host": "www.ietf.org",
"hostname": "www.ietf.org",
"origin": "http://www.ietf.org",
"pathname": "/rfc/rfc2396.txt",
"port": "",
"protocol": "http:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "[2001:db8::7]",
"hostname": "[2001:db8::7]",
"origin": "ldap://[2001:db8::7]",
"pathname": "/c=GB",
"port": "",
"protocol": "ldap:",
"search": "?objectClass=one&objectClass=two"
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "",
"hostname": "",
"origin": "mailto://",
"pathname": "John.Doe@example.com",
"port": "",
"protocol": "mailto:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "",
"hostname": "",
"origin": "news://",
"pathname": "comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"port": "",
"protocol": "news:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "",
"hostname": "",
"origin": "tel://",
"pathname": "+1-816-555-1212",
"port": "",
"protocol": "tel:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "192.0.2.16:80",
"hostname": "192.0.2.16",
"origin": "telnet://192.0.2.16:80",
"pathname": "/",
"port": "80",
"protocol": "telnet:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "",
"hostname": "",
"origin": "urn://",
"pathname": "oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"port": "",
"protocol": "urn:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "example.com",
"hostname": "example.com",
"origin": "ssh://example.com",
"pathname": "",
"port": "",
"protocol": "ssh:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "example.com",
"hostname": "example.com",
"origin": "https://example.com",
"pathname": "/place",
"port": "",
"protocol": "https:",
"search": ""
},
{
"hash": "",
"host": "example.com",
"hostname": "example.com",
"origin": "http://example.com",
"pathname": "/",
"port": "",
"protocol": "http:",
"search": "?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"
}
]
jq
Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq.
Since jq does not provide a URL parser, and since the RFC 3986 specification is in fact quite complex, this entry will for the most part focus on the task of parsing a correctly formed URL into the five main components specified in Appendix B of the RFC:
- scheme
- authority
- path
- query
- fragment
However, since the Rosetta Code task description above evinces particular interest in "authority" segments of the form:
- [username:password@]domain[:port]
this entry will adopt a hierarchical approach to parsing so that the full URL parser defined here will when possible also break down the "authority" segment into the four components `username`, `password`, `domain` and `port`.
One advantage of this hierarchical approach is that it facilitates further refinements and extensions, including error-handling in the event of invalid components.
Note that the regular expression used to define the jq filter `URL` here is equivalent to the one specified in Appendix B of the RFC and can therefore be taken as authoritative.
Note also that the following does not tackle the task of decoding special characters (e.g. "+" in the query string).
# See Appendix B of RFC 3986
def URL:
capture("^((?<scheme>[^:/?#]+):)?(//(?<authority>[^/?#]*))?(?<path>[^?#]*)(\\?(?<query>[^#]*))?(#(?<fragment>.*))?");
# The authority could be of the form: [username:password@]domain[:port]
def authority:
capture( "^((?<username>[^:@/]*):(?<password>[^@]*)@)?(?<domain>[^:?]*)(:(?<port>[0-9]*))?$" );
# The following filter first parses a valid URL into the five basic
# components, producing a JSON object with five keys; if the "authority"
# field can be futher parsed by `authority`, it is replaced by the
# corresponding JSON object.
def uri:
URL
| if .authority
then (.authority|authority) as $authority
| if $authority then .authority |= $authority
else .
end
else .
end;Examples
def tests:
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret&color=grey#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2"
;
# For brevity, drop the `null`s:
tests
| [., (uri | (.. | select(.==null)) |= empty) ]- Output:
[
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret&color=grey#nose",
{
"scheme": "foo",
"authority": {
"domain": "example.com",
"port": "8042"
},
"path": "/over/there",
"query": "name=ferret&color=grey",
"fragment": "nose"
}
]
[
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
{
"scheme": "urn",
"path": "example:animal:ferret:nose"
}
]
[
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
{
"scheme": "jdbc",
"path": "mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila",
"query": "profileSQL=true"
}
]
[
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
{
"scheme": "ftp",
"authority": {
"domain": "ftp.is.co.za"
},
"path": "/rfc/rfc1808.txt"
}
]
[
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
{
"scheme": "http",
"authority": {
"domain": "www.ietf.org"
},
"path": "/rfc/rfc2396.txt",
"fragment": "header1"
}
]
[
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two"
]
[
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
{
"scheme": "mailto",
"path": "John.Doe@example.com"
}
]
[
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
{
"scheme": "news",
"path": "comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix"
}
]
[
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
{
"scheme": "tel",
"path": "+1-816-555-1212"
}
]
[
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
{
"scheme": "telnet",
"authority": {
"domain": "192.0.2.16",
"port": "80"
},
"path": "/"
}
]
[
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
{
"scheme": "urn",
"path": "oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2"
}
]
Julia
This solution uses Julia's URIParser package. The detailview function shows all of the non-empty components of the URI object created by this parser. No attempt is made to further parse more complex components, e.g. query or userinfo. Error detection is limited to indicating whether a string is parsable as a URI and providing a hint as to whether the URI is valid (according to this package's isvalid function).
using Printf, URIParser
const FIELDS = names(URI)
function detailview(uri::URI, indentlen::Int=4)
indent = " "^indentlen
s = String[]
for f in FIELDS
d = string(getfield(uri, f))
!isempty(d) || continue
f != :port || d != "0" || continue
push!(s, @sprintf("%s%s: %s", indent, string(f), d))
end
join(s, "\n")
end
test = ["foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"This is not a URI!",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"]
isfirst = true
for st in test
if isfirst
isfirst = false
else
println()
end
println("Attempting to parse\n \"", st, "\" as a URI:")
uri = try
URI(st)
catch
println("URIParser failed to parse this URI, is it OK?")
continue
end
print("This URI is parsable ")
if isvalid(uri)
println("and appears to be valid.")
else
println("but may be invalid.")
end
println(detailview(uri))
end
- Output:
Attempting to parse
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose" as a URI:
This URI is parsable but may be invalid.
schema: foo
host: example.com
port: 8042
path: /over/there
query: name=ferret
fragment: nose
specifies_authority: true
Attempting to parse
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: urn
path: example:animal:ferret:nose
specifies_authority: false
Attempting to parse
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true" as a URI:
This URI is parsable but may be invalid.
schema: jdbc
path: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
query: profileSQL=true
specifies_authority: false
Attempting to parse
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: ftp
host: ftp.is.co.za
path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt
specifies_authority: true
Attempting to parse
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: http
host: www.ietf.org
path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt
fragment: header1
specifies_authority: true
Attempting to parse
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: ldap
host: 2001:db8::7
path: /c=GB
query: objectClass=one&objectClass=two
specifies_authority: true
Attempting to parse
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: mailto
path: John.Doe@example.com
specifies_authority: false
Attempting to parse
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: news
path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
specifies_authority: false
Attempting to parse
"tel:+1-816-555-1212" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: tel
path: +1-816-555-1212
specifies_authority: false
Attempting to parse
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: telnet
host: 192.0.2.16
port: 80
path: /
specifies_authority: true
Attempting to parse
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: urn
path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
specifies_authority: false
Attempting to parse
"This is not a URI!" as a URI:
URIParser failed to parse this URI, is it OK?
Attempting to parse
"ssh://alice@example.com" as a URI:
This URI is parsable but may be invalid.
schema: ssh
host: example.com
userinfo: alice
specifies_authority: true
Attempting to parse
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: https
host: example.com
path: /place
userinfo: bob:pass
specifies_authority: true
Attempting to parse
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64" as a URI:
This URI is parsable and appears to be valid.
schema: http
host: example.com
path: /
query: a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
specifies_authority: true
Kotlin
Although the java.net.URL class can parse urls just fine, unfortunately (as far as this task is concerned) the constructor throws an exception if it does not recognize the scheme (or 'protocol' as it calls it). To deal with unrecognized protocols such as 'foo', we therefore need to replace them with a valid protocol such as 'http' to trick the URL class into parsing them properly:
// version 1.1.2
import java.net.URL
import java.net.MalformedURLException
fun parseUrl(url: String) {
var u: URL
var scheme: String
try {
u = URL(url)
scheme = u.protocol
}
catch (ex: MalformedURLException) {
val index = url.indexOf(':')
scheme = url.take(index)
u = URL("http" + url.drop(index))
}
println("Parsing $url")
println(" scheme = $scheme")
with(u) {
if (userInfo != null) println(" userinfo = $userInfo")
if (!host.isEmpty()) println(" domain = $host")
if (port != -1) println(" port = $port")
if (!path.isEmpty()) println(" path = $path")
if (query != null) println(" query = $query")
if (ref != null) println(" fragment = $ref")
}
println()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>){
val urls = arrayOf(
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"
)
for (url in urls) parseUrl(url)
}
- Output:
Parsing foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose scheme = foo domain = example.com port = 8042 path = /over/there query = name=ferret fragment = nose Parsing urn:example:animal:ferret:nose scheme = urn path = example:animal:ferret:nose Parsing jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true scheme = jdbc path = mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila query = profileSQL=true Parsing ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt scheme = ftp domain = ftp.is.co.za path = /rfc/rfc1808.txt Parsing http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 scheme = http domain = www.ietf.org path = /rfc/rfc2396.txt fragment = header1 Parsing ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two scheme = ldap domain = [2001:db8::7] path = /c=GB query = objectClass=one&objectClass=two Parsing mailto:John.Doe@example.com scheme = mailto path = John.Doe@example.com Parsing news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix scheme = news path = comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix Parsing tel:+1-816-555-1212 scheme = tel path = +1-816-555-1212 Parsing telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ scheme = telnet domain = 192.0.2.16 port = 80 path = / Parsing urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 scheme = urn path = oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 Parsing ssh://alice@example.com scheme = ssh userinfo = alice domain = example.com Parsing https://bob:pass@example.com/place scheme = https userinfo = bob:pass domain = example.com path = /place Parsing http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64 scheme = http domain = example.com path = / query = a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Lua
local url = require('socket.url')
local tests = {
'foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose',
'urn:example:animal:ferret:nose',
'jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true',
'ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt',
'http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1',
'ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two',
'mailto:John.Doe@example.com',
'news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix',
'tel:+1-816-555-1212',
'telnet://192.0.2.16:80/',
'urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2'
}
for _, test in ipairs(tests) do
local parsed = url.parse(test)
io.write('URI: ' .. test .. '\n')
for k, v in pairs(parsed) do
io.write(string.format(' %s: %s\n', k, v))
end
io.write('\n')
end
- Output:
URI: foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose fragment: nose authority: example.com:8042 host: example.com query: name=ferret scheme: foo path: /over/there port: 8042 URI: urn:example:animal:ferret:nose scheme: urn path: example:animal:ferret:nose URI: jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true query: profileSQL=true scheme: jdbc path: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila URI: ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt host: ftp.is.co.za path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt authority: ftp.is.co.za scheme: ftp URI: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 fragment: header1 authority: www.ietf.org host: www.ietf.org path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt scheme: http URI: ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two scheme: ldap query: objectClass=one&objectClass=two host: 2001:db8::7 path: /c=GB authority: [2001:db8::7] URI: mailto:John.Doe@example.com scheme: mailto path: John.Doe@example.com URI: news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix scheme: news path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix URI: tel:+1-816-555-1212 scheme: tel path: +1-816-555-1212 URI: telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ authority: 192.0.2.16:80 host: 192.0.2.16 scheme: telnet path: / port: 80 URI: urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 scheme: urn path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
M2000 Interpreter
Using M2000 script to parse URL
Module checkit {
any=lambda (z$)->{=lambda z$ (a$)->instr(z$,a$)>0}
one=lambda (z$)->{=lambda z$ (a$)->z$=a$}
number$="0123456789"
series=Lambda -> {
func=Array([])
=lambda func (&line$, &res$)->{
if line$="" then exit
k=each(func)
def p=0,ok as boolean
while k {
ok=false : p++ : f=array(k)
if not f(mid$(line$,p,1)) then exit
ok=true
}
if ok then res$=left$(line$, p) : line$=mid$(line$, p+1)
=ok
}
}
is_any=lambda series, any (c$) ->series(any(c$))
is_one=lambda series, one (c$) ->series(one(c$))
Is_Alpha=series(lambda (a$)-> a$ ~ "[a-zA-Z]")
Is_digit=series(any(number$))
Is_hex=any(number$+"abcdefABCDEF")
optionals=Lambda -> {
func=Array([])
=lambda func (&line$, &res$)->{
k=each(func)
def ok as boolean
while k {
f=array(k)
if f(&line$,&res$) then ok=true : exit
}
=ok
}
}
repeated=Lambda (func)-> {
=lambda func (&line$, &res$)->{
def ok as boolean, a$
res$=""
do {
sec=len(line$)
if not func(&line$,&a$) then exit
res$+=a$
ok=true
} until line$="" or sec=len(line$)
=ok
}
}
oneAndoptional=lambda (func1, func2) -> {
=lambda func1, func2 (&line$, &res$)->{
def ok as boolean, a$
res$=""
if not func1(&line$,&res$) then exit
if func2(&line$,&a$) then res$+=a$
=True
}
}
many=Lambda -> {
func=Array([])
=lambda func (&line$, &res$)->{
k=each(func)
def p=0,ok as boolean, acc$
oldline$=line$
while k {
ok=false
res$=""
if line$="" then exit
f=array(k)
if not f(&line$,&res$) then exit
acc$+=res$
ok=true
}
if not ok then {line$=oldline$} else res$=acc$
=ok
}
}
is_safe=series(any("$-_@.&"))
Is_extra=series(any("!*'(),"+chr$(34)))
Is_Escape=series(any("%"), is_hex, is_hex)
\\Is_reserved=series(any("=;/#?: "))
is_xalpha=optionals(Is_Alpha, is_digit, is_safe, is_extra, is_escape)
is_xalphas=oneAndoptional(is_xalpha,repeated(is_xalpha))
is_xpalpha=optionals(is_xalpha, is_one("+"))
is_xpalphas=oneAndoptional(is_xpalpha,repeated(is_xpalpha))
Is_ialpha=oneAndoptional(Is_Alpha,repeated(is_xpalphas))
is_fragmentid=lambda is_xalphas (&lines$, &res$) -> {
=is_xalphas(&lines$, &res$)
}
is_search=oneAndoptional(is_xalphas, repeated(many(series(one("+")), is_xalphas)))
is_void=lambda (f)-> {
=lambda f (&oldline$, &res$)-> {
line$=oldline$
if f(&line$, &res$) then {oldline$=line$ } else res$=""
=true
}
}
is_scheme=is_ialpha
is_path=repeated(oneAndoptional(is_void(is_xpalphas), series(one("/"))))
is_uri=oneAndoptional(many(is_scheme, series(one(":")), is_path), many(series(one("?")),is_search))
is_fragmentaddress=oneAndoptional(is_uri, many(series(one("#")),is_fragmentid ))
data "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose"
data "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose"
data "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true "
data "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt"
data "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1"
data "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two"
data "mailto:John.Doe@example.com"
data "tel:+1-816-555-1212"
data "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/"
data "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2"
while not empty {
read What$
pen 15 {
Print What$
}
a$=""
If is_scheme(&What$, &a$) Then Print "Scheme=";a$ : What$=mid$(What$,2)
If is_path(&What$, &a$) Then {
count=0
while left$(a$, 1)="/" { a$=mid$(a$,2): count++}
if count>1 then {
domain$=leftpart$(a$+"/", "/")
a$=rightpart$(a$,"/")
if domain$<>"" Then Print "Domain:";Domain$
if a$<>"" Then Print "Path:";a$
} else.if left$(What$,1) =":" then {
Print "path:";a$+What$: What$=""
} Else Print "Data:"; a$
}
if left$(What$,1) =":" then {
is_number=repeated(is_digit)
What$=mid$(What$,2): If is_number(&What$, &a$) Then Print "Port:";a$
if not left$(What$,1)="/" then exit
If is_path(&What$, &a$) Then {
while left$(a$, 1)="/" { a$=mid$(a$,2)}
if a$<>"" Then Print "Path:";a$
}
}
if left$(What$, 1)="?" then {
What$=mid$(What$,2)
If is_search(&What$, &a$) Then {
v$=""
if left$(What$, 1)="=" then {
What$=mid$(What$,2)
If is_search(&What$, &v$) Then Print "Query:";a$;"=";v$
} else Print "Query:";a$
}
}
While left$(What$, 1)="#" {
What$=mid$(What$,2)
if not is_xalphas(&What$, &a$) Then exit
Print "fragment:";a$
}
if What$<>"" Then Print "Data:"; What$
}
}
Checkit- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose Scheme=foo Domain:example.com Port:8042 Path:over/there Query:name=ferret fragment:nose urn:example:animal:ferret:nose Scheme=urn path:example:animal:ferret:nose jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true Scheme=jdbc path:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt Scheme=ftp Domain:ftp.is.co.za Path:rfc/rfc1808.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 Scheme=http Domain:www.ietf.org Path:rfc/rfc2396.txt fragment:header1 ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two Scheme=ldap Data:[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two mailto:John.Doe@example.com Scheme=mailto Data:John.Doe@example.com tel:+1-816-555-1212 Scheme=tel Data:+1-816-555-1212 telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ Scheme=telnet Domain:192.0.2.16 Port:80 urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 Scheme=urn path:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Using an internal function (variation of String$())
module Checkit {
Stack New {
Data "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose", "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose"
Data "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true", "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt"
Data "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1", "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two"
Data "mailto:John.Doe@example.com", "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", "tel:+1-816-555-1212"
Data "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/", "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2", "ssh://alice@example.com"
Data "https://bob:pass@example.com/place", "http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"
a=Array([])
}
function prechar$(a$, b$) {
if a$<>"" then {=quote$(b$+a$)} else ={""}
}
z=each(a)
document s$="["+{
}
While z {
a$=array$(z)
s1$={ "uri": }+quote$(a$)+{,
"authority": }+ quote$(string$(a$ as URLAuthority))+{,
"userInfo": }+ quote$(string$(a$ as URLUserInfo))+{,
"scheme": }+quote$(string$(a$ as URLScheme))+{,
"hostname": }+quote$(string$(a$ as UrlHost))+{,
"Port": }+quote$(string$(a$ as UrlPort))+{,
"pathname": }+quote$(string$(a$ as UrlPath))+{,
"search": }+prechar$(string$(a$ as URLpart 6),"?")+{,
"hash": }+prechar$(string$(a$ as UrlFragment),"#")+{
}
s$=" {"+{
}+s1$+" }"
\\ z^ is the iteraror's counter (z is an iterator of a, a touple - array in M2000)
if z^<len(a)-1 then s$=" ," ' append to document
s$={
}
}
s$="]"
Print "Press any keyboard key or mouse key to continue scrolling"
Report s$
Clipboard s$
}
Checkit- Output:
[
{
"uri": "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"authority": "example.com:8042",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "foo",
"hostname": "example.com",
"Port": "8042",
"pathname": "/over/there",
"search": "?name=ferret",
"hash": "#nose"
} ,
{
"uri": "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"authority": "",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "urn",
"hostname": "",
"Port": "",
"pathname": "example:animal:ferret:nose",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"authority": "",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "jdbc",
"hostname": "",
"Port": "",
"pathname": "mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila",
"search": "?profileSQL=true",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"authority": "ftp.is.co.za",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "ftp",
"hostname": "ftp.is.co.za",
"Port": "21",
"pathname": "/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"authority": "www.ietf.org",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "http",
"hostname": "www.ietf.org",
"Port": "80",
"pathname": "/rfc/rfc2396.txt",
"search": "",
"hash": "#header1"
} ,
{
"uri": "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"authority": "2001:db8::7",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "ldap",
"hostname": "2001:db8::7",
"Port": "389",
"pathname": "/c=GB",
"search": "?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"authority": "",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "mailto",
"hostname": "",
"Port": "",
"pathname": "John.Doe@example.com",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"authority": "",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "news",
"hostname": "",
"Port": "",
"pathname": "comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"authority": "",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "tel",
"hostname": "",
"Port": "",
"pathname": "+1-816-555-1212",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"authority": "192.0.2.16:80",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "telnet",
"hostname": "192.0.2.16",
"Port": "80",
"pathname": "",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"authority": "",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "urn",
"hostname": "",
"Port": "",
"pathname": "oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "ssh://alice@example.com",
"authority": "alice@example.com",
"userInfo": "alice",
"scheme": "ssh",
"hostname": "example.com",
"Port": "",
"pathname": "",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"authority": "bob:pass@example.com",
"userInfo": "bob:pass",
"scheme": "https",
"hostname": "example.com",
"Port": "443",
"pathname": "/place",
"search": "",
"hash": ""
} ,
{
"uri": "http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64",
"authority": "example.com",
"userInfo": "",
"scheme": "http",
"hostname": "example.com",
"Port": "80",
"pathname": "/",
"search": "?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64",
"hash": ""
}
]
Mathematica /Wolfram Language
URLParse["foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose"]
- Output:
<|"Scheme" -> "foo", "User" -> None, "Domain" -> "example.com",
"Port" -> 8042, "Path" -> {"", "over", "there"},
"Query" -> {"name" -> "ferret"}, "Fragment" -> "nose"|>
Nim
The uri module provides a parseUri proc.
import uri, strformat
proc printUri(url: string) =
echo url
let res = parseUri(url)
if res.scheme != "":
echo &"\t Scheme: {res.scheme}"
if res.hostname != "":
echo &"\tHostname: {res.hostname}"
if res.username != "":
echo &"\tUsername: {res.username}"
if res.password != "":
echo &"\tPassword: {res.password}"
if res.path != "":
echo &"\t Path: {res.path}"
if res.query != "":
echo &"\t Query: {res.query}"
if res.port != "":
echo &"\t Port: {res.port}"
if res.anchor != "":
echo &"\t Anchor: {res.anchor}"
if res.opaque:
echo &"\t Opaque: {res.opaque}"
let urls = ["foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"]
for url in urls:
printUri(url)
- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
Scheme: foo
Hostname: example.com
Path: /over/there
Query: name=ferret
Port: 8042
Anchor: nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
Scheme: urn
Path: example:animal:ferret:nose
Opaque: true
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
Scheme: jdbc
Path: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
Query: profileSQL=true
Opaque: true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
Scheme: ftp
Hostname: ftp.is.co.za
Path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
Scheme: http
Hostname: www.ietf.org
Path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt
Anchor: header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
Scheme: ldap
Hostname: 2001:db8::7
Path: /c=GB
Query: objectClass=one&objectClass=two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
Scheme: mailto
Hostname: example.com
Username: John.Doe
Opaque: true
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Scheme: news
Path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Opaque: true
tel:+1-816-555-1212
Scheme: tel
Path: +1-816-555-1212
Opaque: true
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
Scheme: telnet
Hostname: 192.0.2.16
Path: /
Port: 80
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Scheme: urn
Path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Opaque: true
ssh://alice@example.com
Scheme: ssh
Hostname: example.com
Username: alice
https://bob:pass@example.com/place
Scheme: https
Hostname: example.com
Username: bob
Password: pass
Path: /place
http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Scheme: http
Hostname: example.com
Path: /
Query: a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Objeck
use Web.HTTP;
class Test {
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
urls := [
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64:"];
each(i : urls) {
url := Url->New(urls[i]);
if(url->Parsed()) {
url->ToString()->PrintLine();
};
};
}
}- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
scheme='foo'
host='example.com'
path='/over/there'
port='8042'
query='name=ferret'
fragment='nose'
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
scheme='urn'
path='example:animal:ferret:nose'
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
scheme='jdbc'
path='mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true'
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
scheme='ftp'
host='ftp.is.co.za'
path='/rfc/rfc1808.txt'
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
scheme='http'
host='www.ietf.org'
path='/rfc/rfc2396.txt'
fragment='header1'
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
scheme='ldap'
host='[2001:db8::7]'
path='/c=GB'
query='objectClass=one&objectClass=two'
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
scheme='mailto'
path='John.Doe@example.com'
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
scheme='news'
path='comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix'
tel:+1-816-555-1212
scheme='tel'
path='+1-816-555-1212'
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
scheme='telnet'
host='192.0.2.16'
path='/'
port='80'
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
scheme='urn'
path='oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2'
http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64:
scheme='http'
host='example.com'
path='/'
query='a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64:'
Perl
You can use the URI module from CPAN to parse URIs. Note that the output is a bit different: for example, you don't get the host from the foo:// scheme, as host is only valid for schemes that define it.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use URI;
for my $uri (do { no warnings 'qw';
qw( foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
)}) {
my $u = 'URI'->new($uri);
print "$uri\n";
for my $part (qw( scheme path fragment authority host port query )) {
eval { my $parsed = $u->$part;
print "\t", $part, "\t", $parsed, "\n" if defined $parsed;
};
}
}
- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
scheme foo
path /over/there
fragment nose
authority example.com:8042
query name=ferret
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
scheme urn
path example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
scheme jdbc
path mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
query profileSQL=true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
scheme ftp
path /rfc/rfc1808.txt
authority ftp.is.co.za
host ftp.is.co.za
port 21
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
scheme http
path /rfc/rfc2396.txt
fragment header1
authority www.ietf.org
host www.ietf.org
port 80
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
scheme ldap
path /c=GB
authority [2001:db8::7]
host 2001:db8::7
port 389
query objectClass=one&objectClass=two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
scheme mailto
path John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
scheme news
path comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
port 119
tel:+1-816-555-1212
scheme tel
path +1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
scheme telnet
path /
authority 192.0.2.16:80
host 192.0.2.16
port 80
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
scheme urn
path oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Phix
There are some fairly rudimentary and lightly documented routines in builtins/url.e.
with javascript_semantics include builtins/url.e procedure show_url_details(string uri) ?uri sequence r = parse_url(uri) for i=1 to length(r) do if r[i]!=0 then string desc = url_element_desc(i) printf(1,"%s : %v\n",{desc,r[i]}) end if end for puts(1,"\n") end procedure constant tests = { "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose", "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose", "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true", "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt", "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1", "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two", "mailto:John.Doe@example.com", "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", "tel:+1-816-555-1212", "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/", "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2", "ssh://alice@example.com", "https://bob:pass@example.com/place", "http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64" } for i=1 to length(tests) do show_url_details(tests[i]) end for
- Output:
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose" scheme : "foo" domain : "example.com" port : 8042 path : "/over/there" query : "name=ferret" fragment : "nose" "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose" scheme : "urn" path : "example:animal:ferret:nose" "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true" scheme : "jdbc" path : "mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila" query : "profileSQL=true" "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt" scheme : "ftp" domain : "ftp.is.co.za" path : "/rfc/rfc1808.txt" "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1" scheme : "http" domain : "www.ietf.org" path : "/rfc/rfc2396.txt" fragment : "header1" "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two" scheme : "ldap" domain : "[2001:db8::7]" path : "/c=GB" query : "objectClass=one&objectClass=two" "mailto:John.Doe@example.com" scheme : "mailto" path : "John.Doe@example.com" "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix" scheme : "news" path : "comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix" "tel:+1-816-555-1212" scheme : "tel" path : "+1-816-555-1212" "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/" scheme : "telnet" domain : "192.0.2.16" port : 80 path : "/" "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2" scheme : "urn" path : "oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2" "ssh://alice@example.com" scheme : "ssh" domain : "example.com" user : "alice" "https://bob:pass@example.com/place" scheme : "https" domain : "example.com" path : "/place" user : "bob" password : "pass" "http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64" scheme : "http" domain : "example.com" path : "/" query : "a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"
PHP
Using the parse_url function (Parse a URL and return its components)
<?php
$urls = array(
'foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose',
'urn:example:animal:ferret:nose',
'jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true',
'ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt',
'http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1',
'ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two',
'mailto:John.Doe@example.com',
'news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix',
'tel:+1-816-555-1212',
'telnet://192.0.2.16:80/',
'urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2',
);
foreach ($urls AS $url) {
$p = parse_url($url);
echo $url, PHP_EOL;
print_r($p);
echo PHP_EOL;
}
- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
Array
(
[scheme] => foo
[host] => example.com
[port] => 8042
[path] => /over/there
[query] => name=ferret
[fragment] => nose
)
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
Array
(
[scheme] => urn
[path] => example:animal:ferret:nose
)
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
Array
(
[scheme] => jdbc
[path] => mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
[query] => profileSQL=true
)
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
Array
(
[scheme] => ftp
[host] => ftp.is.co.za
[path] => /rfc/rfc1808.txt
)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
Array
(
[scheme] => http
[host] => www.ietf.org
[path] => /rfc/rfc2396.txt
[fragment] => header1
)
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
Array
(
[scheme] => ldap
[host] => [2001:db8::7]
[path] => /c=GB
[query] => objectClass=one&objectClass=two
)
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
Array
(
[scheme] => mailto
[path] => John.Doe@example.com
)
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Array
(
[scheme] => news
[path] => comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
)
tel:+1-816-555-1212
Array
(
[scheme] => tel
[path] => +1-816-555-1212
)
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
Array
(
[scheme] => telnet
[host] => 192.0.2.16
[port] => 80
[path] => /
)
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Array
(
[scheme] => urn
[path] => oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
)
PowerShell
I was confused about the Path parameter. PowerShell returns LocalPath, AbsolutePath and AbsoluteUri; I defaulted to LocalPath, but all properties are returned in the $parsedUrls variable.
function Get-ParsedUrl
{
[CmdletBinding()]
[OutputType([PSCustomObject])]
Param
(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,
ValueFromPipeline=$true,
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true,
Position=0)]
[System.Uri]
$InputObject
)
Process
{
foreach ($url in $InputObject)
{
$url | Select-Object -Property Scheme,
@{Name="Domain"; Expression={$_.Host}},
Port,
@{Name="Path" ; Expression={$_.LocalPath}},
Query,
Fragment,
AbsolutePath,
AbsoluteUri,
Authority,
HostNameType,
IsDefaultPort,
IsFile,
IsLoopback,
PathAndQuery,
Segments,
IsUnc,
OriginalString,
DnsSafeHost,
IdnHost,
IsAbsoluteUri,
UserEscaped,
UserInfo
}
}
}
[string[]]$urls = @'
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
'@ -split [Environment]::NewLine
$parsedUrls = $urls | Get-ParsedUrl
$parsedUrls | Select-Object -Property Scheme, Port, Domain, Path, Query, Fragment | Format-Table
- Output:
Scheme Port Domain Path Query Fragment ------ ---- ------ ---- ----- -------- foo 8042 example.com /over/there ?name=ferret #nose urn -1 example:animal:ferret:nose jdbc -1 mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila ?profileSQL=true ftp 21 ftp.is.co.za /rfc/rfc1808.txt http 80 www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2396.txt #header1 ldap 389 [2001:db8::7] /c=GB ?objectClass=one&objectClass=two mailto 25 example.com news -1 comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix tel -1 +1-816-555-1212 telnet 80 192.0.2.16 / urn -1 oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Python
Links to Python Documentation: v2: [1], v3: [2]
import urllib.parse as up # urlparse for Python v2
url = up.urlparse('http://user:pass@example.com:8081/path/file.html;params?query1=1#fragment')
print('url.scheme = ', url.scheme)
print('url.netloc = ', url.netloc)
print('url.hostname = ', url.hostname)
print('url.port = ', url.port)
print('url.path = ', url.path)
print('url.params = ', url.params)
print('url.query = ', url.query)
print('url.fragment = ', url.fragment)
print('url.username = ', url.username)
print('url.password = ', url.password)
- Output:
url.scheme = http url.netloc = user:pass@example.com:8081 url.hostname = example.com url.port = 8081 url.path = /path/file.html url.params = params url.query = query1=1 url.fragment = fragment url.username = user url.password = pass
R
urltools::url_parse() do all the actually work. The rest is just for nice output.
library(urltools)
urls <- c("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64")
for (an_url in urls) {
parsed <- url_parse(an_url)
cat(an_url,"\n")
for (idx in 1:ncol(parsed)) {
if (!is.na(parsed[[idx]])) {
cat(colnames(parsed)[[idx]],"\t:",parsed[[idx]],"\n")
}
}
cat("\n")
}
- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose scheme : foo domain : example.com port : 8042 path : over/there parameter : name=ferret fragment : nose urn:example:animal:ferret:nose domain : urn port : example:animal:ferret:nose jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true scheme : jdbc:mysql domain : localhost port : 3306 path : sakila parameter : profileSQL=true ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt scheme : ftp domain : ftp.is.co.za path : rfc/rfc1808.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 scheme : http domain : www.ietf.org path : rfc/rfc2396.txt fragment : header1 ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two scheme : ldap path : c=GB parameter : objectClass=one&objectClass=two mailto:John.Doe@example.com domain : example.com news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix domain : news port : comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix tel:+1-816-555-1212 domain : tel port : +1-816-555-1212 telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ scheme : telnet domain : 192.0.2.16 port : 80 urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 domain : urn port : oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 ssh://alice@example.com scheme : ssh domain : example.com https://bob:pass@example.com/place scheme : https domain : example.com path : place http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64 scheme : http domain : example.com parameter : a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Racket
Links: url structure in Racket documentation.
#lang racket/base
(require racket/match net/url)
(define (debug-url-string U)
(match-define (url s u h p pa? (list (path/param pas prms) ...) q f) (string->url U))
(printf "URL: ~s~%" U)
(printf "-----~a~%" (make-string (string-length (format "~s" U)) #\-))
(when #t (printf "scheme: ~s~%" s))
(when u (printf "user: ~s~%" u))
(when h (printf "host: ~s~%" h))
(when p (printf "port: ~s~%" p))
;; From documentation link in text:
;; > For Unix paths, the root directory is not included in `path';
;; > its presence or absence is implicit in the path-absolute? flag.
(printf "path-absolute?: ~s~%" pa?)
(printf "path bits: ~s~%" pas)
;; prms will often be a list of lists. this will print iff
;; one of the inner lists is not null
(when (memf pair? prms)
(printf "param bits: ~s [interleaved with path bits]~%" prms))
(unless (null? q) (printf "query: ~s~%" q))
(when f (printf "fragment: ~s~%" f))
(newline))
(for-each
debug-url-string
'("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose"
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose"
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true"
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt"
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1"
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two"
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com"
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix"
"tel:+1-816-555-1212"
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/"
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2"))
- Output:
URL: "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose"
---------------------------------------------------------
scheme: "foo"
host: "example.com"
port: 8042
path-absolute?: #t
path bits: ("over" "there")
query: ((name . "ferret"))
fragment: "nose"
URL: "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose"
-------------------------------------
scheme: "urn"
path-absolute?: #f
path bits: ("example:animal:ferret:nose")
URL: "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true"
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme: "jdbc"
path-absolute?: #f
path bits: ("mysql:" "" "test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306" "sakila")
query: ((profileSQL . "true"))
URL: "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt"
-----------------------------------------
scheme: "ftp"
host: "ftp.is.co.za"
path-absolute?: #t
path bits: ("rfc" "rfc1808.txt")
URL: "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1"
--------------------------------------------------
scheme: "http"
host: "www.ietf.org"
path-absolute?: #t
path bits: ("rfc" "rfc2396.txt")
fragment: "header1"
URL: "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two"
----------------------------------------------------------------
scheme: "ldap"
host: "[2001"
path-absolute?: #f
path bits: ("db8::7]" "c=GB")
query: ((objectClass . "one") (objectClass . "two"))
IPv6 URL address parses incorrectly. See issue https://github.com/plt/racket/issues/980
URL: "mailto:John.Doe@example.com"
----------------------------------
scheme: "mailto"
path-absolute?: #f
path bits: ("John.Doe@example.com")
URL: "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix"
---------------------------------------------
scheme: "news"
path-absolute?: #f
path bits: ("comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix")
URL: "tel:+1-816-555-1212"
--------------------------
scheme: "tel"
path-absolute?: #f
path bits: ("+1-816-555-1212")
URL: "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/"
------------------------------
scheme: "telnet"
host: "192.0.2.16"
port: 80
path-absolute?: #t
path bits: ("")
URL: "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2"
----------------------------------------------------------
scheme: "urn"
path-absolute?: #f
path bits: ("oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2")
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
Uses the URI library which implements a Raku grammar based on the RFC 3986 BNF grammar.
use URI;
use URI::Escape;
my @test-uris = <
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
ssh://alice@example.com
https://bob:pass@example.com/place
http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
>;
my $u = URI.new;
for @test-uris -> $uri {
say "URI:\t", $uri;
$u.parse($uri);
for <scheme host port path query frag> -> $t {
my $token = try {$u."$t"()} || '';
say "$t:\t", uri-unescape $token.Str if $token;
}
say '';
}
- Output:
URI: foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose scheme: foo host: example.com port: 8042 path: /over/there query: name=ferret frag: nose URI: urn:example:animal:ferret:nose scheme: urn path: example:animal:ferret:nose URI: jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true scheme: jdbc path: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila query: profileSQL=true URI: ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt scheme: ftp host: ftp.is.co.za port: 21 path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt URI: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 scheme: http host: www.ietf.org port: 80 path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt frag: header1 URI: ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one scheme: ldap host: [2001:db8::7] port: 389 path: /c=GB query: objectClass?one URI: mailto:John.Doe@example.com scheme: mailto path: John.Doe@example.com URI: news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix scheme: news port: 119 path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix URI: tel:+1-816-555-1212 scheme: tel path: 1-816-555-1212 URI: telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ scheme: telnet host: 192.0.2.16 port: 80 path: / URI: urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 scheme: urn path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 URI: ssh://alice@example.com scheme: ssh host: example.com port: 22 path: URI: https://bob:pass@example.com/place scheme: https host: example.com port: 443 path: /place URI: http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64 scheme: http host: example.com port: 80 path: / query: a=1&b=2 2&c=3&c=4&d=encoded
Ruby
Link to Ruby Documentation.
As you can see in the output below, the URI library doesn't parse all of these as recommended.
require 'uri'
test_cases = [
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"
]
class URI::Generic; alias_method :domain, :host; end
test_cases.each do |test_case|
puts test_case
uri = URI.parse(test_case)
%w[ scheme domain port path query fragment user password ].each do |attr|
puts " #{attr.rjust(8)} = #{uri.send(attr)}" if uri.send(attr)
end
end
- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
scheme = foo
domain = example.com
port = 8042
path = /over/there
query = name=ferret
fragment = nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
scheme = urn
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
scheme = jdbc
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
scheme = ftp
domain = ftp.is.co.za
port = 21
path = rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
scheme = http
domain = www.ietf.org
port = 80
path = /rfc/rfc2396.txt
fragment = header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
scheme = ldap
domain = [2001:db8::7]
port = 389
path = /c=GB
query = objectClass=one&objectClass=two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
scheme = mailto
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
scheme = news
tel:+1-816-555-1212
scheme = tel
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
scheme = telnet
domain = 192.0.2.16
port = 80
path = /
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
scheme = urn
ssh://alice@example.com
scheme = ssh
domain = example.com
path =
user = alice
https://bob:pass@example.com/place
scheme = https
domain = example.com
port = 443
path = /place
user = bob
password = pass
http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
scheme = http
domain = example.com
port = 80
path = /
query = a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Rust
use url::Url;
fn print_fields(url: Url) -> () {
println!("scheme: {}", url.scheme());
println!("username: {}", url.username());
if let Some(password) = url.password() {
println!("password: {}", password);
}
if let Some(domain) = url.domain() {
println!("domain: {}", domain);
}
if let Some(port) = url.port() {
println!("port: {}", port);
}
println!("path: {}", url.path());
if let Some(query) = url.query() {
println!("query: {}", query);
}
if let Some(fragment) = url.fragment() {
println!("fragment: {}", fragment);
}
}
fn main() {
let urls = vec![
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64",
];
for url in urls {
println!("Parsing {}", url);
match Url::parse(url) {
Ok(valid_url) => {
print_fields(valid_url);
println!();
}
Err(e) => println!("Error Parsing url - {:?}", e),
}
}
}
Output:
Parsing foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose scheme: foo username: domain: example.com port: 8042 path: /over/there query: name=ferret fragment: nose Parsing urn:example:animal:ferret:nose scheme: urn username: path: example:animal:ferret:nose Parsing jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true scheme: jdbc username: path: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila query: profileSQL=true Parsing ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt scheme: ftp username: domain: ftp.is.co.za path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt Parsing http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 scheme: http username: domain: www.ietf.org path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt fragment: header1 Parsing ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two scheme: ldap username: path: /c=GB query: objectClass=one&objectClass=two Parsing mailto:John.Doe@example.com scheme: mailto username: path: John.Doe@example.com Parsing news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix scheme: news username: path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix Parsing tel:+1-816-555-1212 scheme: tel username: path: +1-816-555-1212 Parsing telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ scheme: telnet username: domain: 192.0.2.16 port: 80 path: / Parsing urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 scheme: urn username: path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 Parsing ssh://alice@example.com scheme: ssh username: alice domain: example.com path: Parsing https://bob:pass@example.com/place scheme: https username: bob password: pass domain: example.com path: /place Parsing http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64 scheme: http username: domain: example.com path: / query: a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
Scala
import java.net.URI
object WebAddressParser extends App {
parseAddress("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose")
parseAddress("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt")
parseAddress("http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64")
parseAddress("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1")
parseAddress("https://bob:pass@example.com/place")
parseAddress("jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true")
parseAddress("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two")
parseAddress("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one")
parseAddress("mailto:John.Doe@example.com")
parseAddress("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix")
parseAddress("ssh://alice@example.com")
parseAddress("tel:+1-816-555-1212")
parseAddress("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/")
parseAddress("urn:example:animal:ferret:nose")
parseAddress("urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2")
parseAddress("This is not a URI!")
private def parseAddress(a: String): Unit = {
print(f"Parsing $a%-72s")
try {
val u = new URI(a)
print("\u2714\tscheme = " + u.getScheme)
print("\tdomain = " + u.getHost)
print("\tport = " + (if (-1 == u.getPort) "default" else u.getPort))
print("\tpath = " + (if (u.getPath == null) u.getSchemeSpecificPart else u.getPath))
print("\tquery = " + u.getQuery)
println("\tfragment = " + u.getFragment)
} catch { case ex: Throwable => println('\u2718') }
}
}
- Output:
See it in running in your browser by Scastie (JVM).
Tcl
Tcllib's uri package already knows how to decompose many kinds of URIs. The implementation is a a quite readable example of this kind of parsing. For this task, we'll use it directly.
Schemes can be added with uri::register, but the rules for this task assume HTTP-style decomposition for unknown schemes, which is done below by reaching into the documented interfaces $::uri::schemes and uri::SplitHttp.
For some URI types (such as urn, news, mailto), this provides more information than the task description demands, which is simply to parse them all as HTTP URIs.
The uri package doesn't presently handle IPv6 syntx as used in the example: a bug and patch will be submitted presently ..
package require uri
package require uri::urn
# a little bit of trickery to format results:
proc pdict {d} {
array set \t $d
parray \t
}
proc parse_uri {uri} {
regexp {^(.*?):(.*)$} $uri -> scheme rest
if {$scheme in $::uri::schemes} {
# uri already knows how to split it:
set parts [uri::split $uri]
} else {
# parse as though it's http:
set parts [uri::SplitHttp $rest]
dict set parts scheme $scheme
}
dict filter $parts value ?* ;# omit empty sections
}
set tests {
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
}
foreach uri $tests {
puts \n$uri
pdict [parse_uri $uri]
}
- Output:
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose (fragment) = nose (host) = example.com (path) = over/there (port) = 8042 (query) = name=ferret (scheme) = foo urn:example:animal:ferret:nose (nid) = example (nss) = animal:ferret:nose (scheme) = urn jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true (path) = mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila (query) = profileSQL=true (scheme) = jdbc ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt (host) = ftp.is.co.za (path) = rfc/rfc1808.txt (scheme) = ftp http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 (fragment) = header1 (host) = www.ietf.org (path) = rfc/rfc2396.txt (scheme) = http ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two (host) = [2001 (scheme) = ldap mailto:John.Doe@example.com (host) = example.com (scheme) = mailto (user) = John.Doe news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix (newsgroup-name) = comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix (scheme) = news tel:+1-816-555-1212 (path) = +1-816-555-1212 (scheme) = tel telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ (host) = 192.0.2.16 (port) = 80 (scheme) = telnet urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 (nid) = oasis (nss) = names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 (scheme) = urn
VBScript
Function parse_url(url)
parse_url = "URL: " & url
If InStr(url,"//") Then
'parse the scheme
scheme = Split(url,"//")
parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & Mid(scheme(0),1,Len(scheme(0))-1)
'parse the domain
domain = Split(scheme(1),"/")
'check if the domain includes a username, password, and port
If InStr(domain(0),"@") Then
cred = Split(domain(0),"@")
If InStr(cred(0),".") Then
username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),".")-1)
password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),".")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),"."))
ElseIf InStr(cred(0),":") Then
username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),":")-1)
password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),":")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),":"))
End If
parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Username: " & username & vbCrLf &_
"Password: " & password
'check if the domain have a port
If InStr(cred(1),":") Then
host = Mid(cred(1),1,InStr(1,cred(1),":")-1)
port = Mid(cred(1),InStr(1,cred(1),":")+1,Len(cred(1))-InStr(1,cred(1),":"))
parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port
Else
parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & cred(1)
End If
ElseIf InStr(domain(0),":") And Instr(domain(0),"[") = False And Instr(domain(0),"]") = False Then
host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),":")-1)
port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),":")+1,Len(domain(0))-InStr(1,domain(0),":"))
parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port
ElseIf Instr(domain(0),"[") And Instr(domain(0),"]:") Then
host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),"]"))
port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+2,Len(domain(0))-(InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+1))
parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port
Else
parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & domain(0)
End If
'parse the path if exist
If UBound(domain) > 0 Then
For i = 1 To UBound(domain)
If i < UBound(domain) Then
path = path & domain(i) & "/"
ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"?") Then
path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1)
If InStr(domain(i),"#") Then
query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1)
fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#"))
path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query & vbCrLf & "Fragment: " & fragment
Else
query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"?"))
path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query
End If
ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"#") Then
fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#"))
path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-1) & vbCrLf &_
"Fragment: " & fragment
Else
path = path & domain(i)
End If
Next
parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path
End If
ElseIf InStr(url,":") Then
scheme = Mid(url,1,InStr(1,url,":")-1)
path = Mid(url,InStr(1,url,":")+1,Len(url)-InStr(1,url,":"))
parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & scheme & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path
Else
parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Invalid!!!"
End If
End Function
'test the convoluted function :-(
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("mailto:John.Doe@example.com")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("tel:+1-816-555-1212")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------"
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("this code is messy, long, and needs a makeover!!!")
- Output:
URL: foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose Scheme: foo Domain: example.com Port: 8042 Path: over/there Query: name=ferret Fragment: nose ------------------------------- URL: jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true Scheme: jdbc:mysql Username: test_user Password: ouupppssss Domain: localhost Port: 3306 Path: sakila Query: profileSQL=true ------------------------------- URL: ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt Scheme: ftp Domain: ftp.is.co.za Path: rfc/rfc1808.txt ------------------------------- URL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 Scheme: http Domain: www.ietf.org Path: rfc/rfc2396.txt Fragment: header1 ------------------------------- URL: ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two Scheme: ldap Domain: [2001:db8::7] Path: c=GB Query: objectClass=one&objectClass=two ------------------------------- URL: mailto:John.Doe@example.com Scheme: mailto Path: John.Doe@example.com ------------------------------- URL: news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix Scheme: news Path: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix ------------------------------- URL: tel:+1-816-555-1212 Scheme: tel Path: +1-816-555-1212 ------------------------------- URL: telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ Scheme: telnet Domain: 192.0.2.16 Port: 80 Path: ------------------------------- URL: urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 Scheme: urn Path: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 ------------------------------- URL: this code is messy, long, and needs a makeover!!! Invalid!!!
V (Vlang)
import net.urllib
const urls = ['jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true',
'ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt',
'http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1',
'ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two',
'mailto:John.Doe@example.com',
'news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix',
'tel:+1-816-555-1212',
'telnet://192.0.2.16:80/',
'urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2',
'foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose'
]
fn main() {
for url in urls {
u := urllib.parse(url)?
println(u)
print_url(u)
}
}
fn print_url(u urllib.URL) {
println(" Scheme: $u.scheme")
if u.opaque != "" {
println(" Opaque: $u.opaque")
}
if u.str() == '' {
println(" Username: $u.user.username")
if u.user.password != '' {
println(" Password: $u.user.password")
}
}
if u.host != "" {
if u.port() != '' {
println(" Host: ${u.hostname()}")
println(" Port: ${u.port()}")
} else {
println(" Host: $u.host")
}
}
if u.path != "" {
println(" Path: $u.path")
}
if u.raw_query != "" {
println(" RawQuery: $u.raw_query")
m := u.query().data
for q in m {
println(" Key: $q.key Values: $q.value")
}
}
if u.fragment != "" {
println(" Fragment: $u.fragment")
}
}- Output:
jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true
Scheme: jdbc
Opaque: mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila
RawQuery: profileSQL=true
Key: profileSQL Values: true
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
Scheme: ftp
Host: ftp.is.co.za
Path: /rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1
Scheme: http
Host: www.ietf.org
Path: /rfc/rfc2396.txt
Fragment: header1
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two
Scheme: ldap
Host: [2001:db8::7]
Path: /c=GB
RawQuery: objectClass=one&objectClass=two
Key: objectClass Values: one
Key: objectClass Values: two
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
Scheme: mailto
Opaque: John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Scheme: news
Opaque: comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
Scheme: tel
Opaque: +1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
Scheme: telnet
Host: 192.0.2.16
Port: 80
Path: /
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
Scheme: urn
Opaque: oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
Scheme: foo
Host: example.com
Port: 8042
Path: /over/there
RawQuery: name=ferret
Key: name Values: ferret
Fragment: nose
Wren
... though modified quite a bit.
var urlParse = Fn.new { |url|
var parseUrl = "URL = " + url
var index
if ((index = url.indexOf("//")) && index >= 0 && url[0...index].count { |c| c == ":" } == 1) {
// parse the scheme
var scheme = url.split("//")
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Scheme = " + scheme[0][0..-2]
// parse the domain
var domain = scheme[1].split("/")
// check if the domain includes a username, password and port
if (domain[0].contains("@")) {
var cred = domain[0].split("@")
var split = [cred[0], ""]
if (cred[0].contains(".")) {
split = cred[0].split(".")
} else if (cred[0].contains(":")) {
split = cred[0].split(":")
}
var username = split[0]
var password = split[1]
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Username = " + username
if (password != "") parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Password = " + password
// check if the domain has a port
if (cred[1].contains(":")) {
split = cred[1].split(":")
var host = split[0]
var port = ":" + split[1]
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Domain = " + host + "\n" + "Port = " + port
} else {
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Domain = " + cred[1]
}
} else if (domain[0].contains(":") && !domain[0].contains("[") && !domain[0].contains("]")) {
var split = domain[0].split(":")
var host = split[0]
var port = ":" + split[1]
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Domain = " + host + "\n" + "Port = " + port
} else if (domain[0].contains("[") && domain[0].contains("]:")) {
var split = domain[0].split("]")
var host = split[0] + "]"
var port = ":" + split[1][1..-1]
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Domain = " + host + "\n" + "Port = " + port
} else {
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Domain = " + domain[0]
}
// parse the path if it exists
if (domain.count > 1) {
var path = "/"
for (i in 1...domain.count) {
if (i < domain.count - 1) {
path = path + domain[i] + "/"
} else if (domain[i].contains("?")) {
var split = domain[i].split("?")
path = path + split[0]
if (domain[i].contains("#")) {
var split2 = split[1].split("#")
var query = split2[0]
var fragment = split2[1]
path = path + "\n" + "Query = " + query + "\n" + "Fragment = " + fragment
} else {
var query = split[1]
path = path + "\n" + "Query = " + query
}
} else if (domain[i].contains("#")) {
var split = domain[i].split("#")
var fragment = split[1]
path = path + split[0] + "\n" + "Fragment = " + fragment
} else {
path = path + domain[i]
}
}
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Path = " + path
}
} else if (url.contains(":")) {
var index = url.indexOf(":")
var scheme = url[0...index]
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Scheme = " + scheme + "\n"
var path = url[index+1..-1]
if (!path.contains("?")) {
parseUrl = parseUrl + "Path = " + path
} else {
var split = path.split("?")
var query = split[1]
parseUrl = parseUrl + "Path = " + split[0] + "\n"
if (!query.contains("#")) {
parseUrl = parseUrl + "Query = " + query
} else {
split = query.split("#")
var fragment = split[1]
parseUrl = parseUrl + "Query = " + split[0] + "Fragment = " + fragment
}
}
} else {
parseUrl = parseUrl + "\n" + "Invalid!!!"
}
System.print(parseUrl)
System.print()
}
var urls = [
"foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
"urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
"jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
"mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
"tel:+1-816-555-1212",
"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
"ssh://alice@example.com",
"https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
"http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=\%65\%6e\%63\%6F\%64\%65\%64"
]
for (url in urls) urlParse.call(url)
- Output:
URL = foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose Scheme = foo Domain = example.com Port = :8042 Path = /over/there Query = name=ferret Fragment = nose URL = urn:example:animal:ferret:nose Scheme = urn Path = example:animal:ferret:nose URL = jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true Scheme = jdbc Path = mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila Query = profileSQL=true URL = ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt Scheme = ftp Domain = ftp.is.co.za Path = /rfc/rfc1808.txt URL = http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1 Scheme = http Domain = www.ietf.org Path = /rfc/rfc2396.txt Fragment = header1 URL = ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two Scheme = ldap Domain = [2001:db8::7] Path = /c=GB Query = objectClass=one&objectClass=two URL = mailto:John.Doe@example.com Scheme = mailto Path = John.Doe@example.com URL = news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix Scheme = news Path = comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix URL = tel:+1-816-555-1212 Scheme = tel Path = +1-816-555-1212 URL = telnet://192.0.2.16:80/ Scheme = telnet Domain = 192.0.2.16 Port = :80 Path = / URL = urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 Scheme = urn Path = oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2 URL = ssh://alice@example.com Scheme = ssh Username = alice Domain = example.com URL = https://bob:pass@example.com/place Scheme = https Username = bob Password = pass Domain = example.com Path = /place URL = http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64 Scheme = http Domain = example.com Path = / Query = a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64
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