Terminal control/Ringing the terminal bell: Difference between revisions

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Task

Make the terminal running the program ring its "bell".

On modern terminal emulators, this may be done by playing some other sound which might or might not be configurable, or by flashing the title bar or inverting the colors of the screen, but was classically a physical bell within the terminal. It is usually used to indicate a problem where a wrong character has been typed.

In most terminals, if the Bell character (ASCII code 7, \a in C) is printed by the program, it will cause the terminal to ring its bell. This is a function of the terminal, and is independent of the programming language of the program, other than the ability to print a particular character to standard out.

11l

print("\a")

6800 Assembly

        .cr  6800
        .tf  bel6800.obj,AP1
        .lf  bel6800
;=====================================================;
;         Ring the Bell for the Motorola 6800         ;
;                 by barrym 2013-03-31                ;
;-----------------------------------------------------;
; Rings the bell of an ascii terminal (console)       ;
;   connected to a 1970s vintage SWTPC 6800 system,   ;
;   which is the target device for this assembly.     ;
; Many thanks to:                                     ;
;   swtpc.com for hosting Michael Holley's documents! ;
;   sbprojects.com for a very nice assembler!         ;
;   swtpcemu.com for a very capable emulator!         ;
; reg a holds the ascii char to be output             ;
;-----------------------------------------------------;
outeee   =   $e1d1      ;ROM: console putchar routine
        .or  $0f00
;-----------------------------------------------------;
main    ldaa #7         ;Load the ascii BEL char
        jsr  outeee     ;  and print it
        swi             ;Return to the monitor
        .en

8086 Assembly

Using stdout

Translation of: X86 Assembly

This is how it's supposed to be done:

.model small
.stack 1024

.data

.code

start:  mov     ah, 02h         ;character output
        mov     dl, 07h         ;bell code
        int     21h             ;call MS-DOS

        mov     ax, 4C00h       ;exit 
        int     21h             ;return to MS-DOS
end start

But I couldn't hear anything on DOSBox when doing this.

The hard way

This version takes direct control over the PC's beeper to produce a tone whenever BEL is passed to PrintChar.

.model small
.stack 1024

.data

.code

start:

mov al,7
call PrintChar

mov ax,4C00h
int 21h            ;return to DOS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
PrintChar:		;Print AL to screen
	push cx
	push bx
	push ax
		cmp al,7
		jne skipBEL
			call RingBell
			jmp done_PrintChar
skipBEL:
		mov bl,15	;text color will be white
		mov ah,0Eh			
		int 10h		;prints ascii code stored in AL to the screen (this is a slightly different putc syscall)	
done_PrintChar:
	pop ax
	pop bx
	pop cx
	ret
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
RingBell:
	push ax
	push cx
	push dx
        ;if BEL is the argument passed to PrintChar, it will call this function and not actually print anything or advance the cursor
        ;this uses the built-in beeper to simulate a beep

		mov al,10110110b	;select counter 2, 16-bit mode
		out 43h, al
		
		mov ax,0C00h		;set pitch of beep - this is somewhat high but isn't too annoying. Feel free to adjust this value
		out 42h,al
		mov al,ah
		out 42h,al


		mov al,3		
		out 61h,al			;enable sound and timer mode

		mov cx,0FFFFh
		mov dx,0Fh			;set up loop counters
		
beepdelay:					;delay lasts about half a second
		loop beepdelay
		mov cx,0FFFFh
		dec dx
		jnz beepdelay
		
		mov al,0			;mute
		out 61h,al			;cut the sound

                ; mov bl,15
                ; mov ax,0E20h                  ;print a spacebar to the terminal
                ; int 10h                       ;uncomment these 3 lines if you want the BEL to "take up space" in the output stream
	pop dx
	pop cx
	pop ax
	ret

end start

Action!

PROC Wait(BYTE frames)
  BYTE RTCLOK=$14
  frames==+RTCLOK
  WHILE frames#RTCLOK DO OD
RETURN

PROC Main()
  BYTE
    i,n=[3],
    CH=$02FC ;Internal hardware value for last key pressed

  PrintF("Press any key to hear %B bells...",n)
  DO UNTIL CH#$FF OD
  CH=$FF

  FOR i=1 TO n
  DO
    Put(253) ;buzzer
    Wait(20)
  OD
  Wait(100)
RETURN

Output:

Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer

Ada

with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Characters.Latin_1;

procedure Bell is
begin
   Put(Ada.Characters.Latin_1.BEL);
end Bell;

Applescript

beep

Arturo

print "\a"

Asymptote

beep()

See beep() in the Asymptote manual.

AutoHotkey

fileappend, `a, *

This requires that you compile the exe in console mode (see Lexikos script to change this) or pipe the file through more: autohotkey bell.ahk |more

AWK

BEGIN {
print "\a" # Ring the bell
}

BASIC

Applesoft BASIC

 10  PRINT  CHR$ (7);

Integer BASIC

You can't see it, but the bell character (Control G) is embedded in what looks like an empty string on line 10.

  10 PRINT "";: REM ^G IN QUOTES
  20 END

IS-BASIC

PING

Locomotive Basic

10 PRINT CHR$(7)

ZX Spectrum Basic

The ZX Spectrum had a speaker, rather than a bell. Here we use middle C as a bell tone, but we could produce a different note by changing the final zero to a different value.

BEEP 0.2,0

Batch File

Source: Here

@echo off
for /f %%. in ('forfiles /m "%~nx0" /c "cmd /c echo 0x07"') do set bell=%%.
echo %bell%

BBC BASIC

Assuming that the platform the program is running on rings the bell when CHR$7 is sent to the VDU driver:

VDU 7

Bc

print "\a"

beeswax

_7}

Befunge

7,@

Bracmat

Run Bracmat in interactive mode (start Bracmat without command line arguments) and enter the following after the Bracmat prompt {?}:

\a

Alternatively, run Bracmat non-interactively. In DOS, you write

bracmat "put$\a"

In Linux, you do

bracmat 'put$\a'

Brainf***

Assuming the output stream is connected to a TTY, printing BEL should ring its bell.

  I
  +
 + +
 +++
+-+-+
  .

C

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
  printf("\a");
  return 0;
}

C#

Inside a function:

// the simple version:
System.Console.Write("\a"); // will beep
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); // will wait for 1 second
System.Console.Beep(); // will beep a second time
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);

// System.Console.Beep() also accepts (int)hertz and (int)duration in milliseconds:
System.Console.Beep(440, 2000); // default "concert pitch" for 2 seconds

C++

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  std::cout << "\a";
  return 0;
}

Clojure

(println (char 7))

COBOL

Standard compliant:

DISPLAY SPACE WITH BELL

Works with: Visual COBOL

       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. mf-bell.
       
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       01  bell-code              PIC X USAGE COMP-X VALUE 22.
       01  dummy-param            PIC X.
       
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
           CALL X"AF" USING bell-code, dummy-param
       
           GOBACK
           .

Common Lisp

(format t "~C" (code-char 7))

D

void main() {
    import std.stdio;
    writeln('\a');
}

Delphi

program TerminalBell;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

begin
  Writeln(#7);
end.

E

print("\u0007")

Emacs Lisp

(ding)    ;; ring the bell
(beep)    ;; the same thing

On a tty or in -batch mode this emits a BEL character. In a GUI it does whatever suits the window system. Variables visible-bell and ring-bell-function can control the behaviour.

beep was originally called feep, but that changed, recently :-)

Fri Dec 13 00:52:16 1985  Richard M. Stallman  (rms at prep)
	* subr.el: Rename feep to beep, a more traditional name.

F#

open System

Console.Beep()

Factor

USE: io

"\u{7}" print

Or:

USING: io strings ;

7 1string print

Forth

7 emit

Works with: GNU Forth

#bell emit

Works with: iForth

^G emit

FreeBASIC

' FB 1.05.0 Win64

Print !"\a"
Sleep

gnuplot

print "\007"

Go

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
  fmt.Print("\a")
}

Groovy

println '\7'

Haskell

main = putStr "\a"

Icon and Unicon

Works on both Icon and Unicon.

procedure main ()
  write ("\7") # ASCII 7 rings the bell under Bash
end

J

This j sentence reads "Seven from alphabet."

   7{a.  NB. noun a. is a complete ASCII ordered character vector.

Java

public class Bell{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep();

        //or

        System.out.println((char)7);
    }
}

Julia

Works with: Linux

println("This should ring a bell.\a")

Output:

This should ring a bell.

And it does, provided that the bell is enabled on your terminal.

Kotlin

Works with: Windows version 10

// version 1.1.2

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    println("\u0007")
}

Lang

fn.println(fn.toChar(7))

Lasso

stdoutnl('\a')

Logo

type char 7

Lua

print("\a")

M2000 Interpreter

M2000 Environment has own console (not the one provided from system). Console used for graphics, and has 32 layers for text or and graphics and as sprites too. We can alter the console by code, moving to any monitor, changing font, font size and, line space. Also there is a split function, where the lower part can scroll, and the upper part used as header (we can write/draw in the upper part also, but CLS - clear screen- statement clear only the lower part).

Using Windows Bell

Async beep. If another start while beeps (it is a bell), then stop

Module CheckIt {
      After 300 {beep}
      Print "Begin"
      for i=0 to 100 {
            wait 10
            Print i
      }
      Print "End"
}
CheckIt

Play tone at 1khz or specific hz

Execution stop to play tone

Tone (1khz)
Tone 200 (1 kgz 200 ms)
Tone 200, 5000 (5khz. 200ms)

Module CheckIt {
      After 300 {Tone 200}
      Print "Begin"
      for i=0 to 100 {
            wait 10
            Print i
      }
      Print "End"
}
CheckIt

Play melody with beeper

Execution stop to play tune

Tune melody$
Tune duration_per_note, melody$

Module CheckIt {
      After 300 {Tune 300, "C3BC#"}
      Print "Begin"
      for i=0 to 100 {
            wait 10
            Print i
      }
      Print "End"
}
CheckIt

using midi to send music scores

Play a score in each of 16 voices (async, programming internal midi, problem with async in Wine Linux). We can make a piano using keyboard and play/score commands.

Module CheckIt {
      Score 1, 500, "c@2dc @2ef"
      Play 1, 19  ' attach a music score to an organ
      Print "Begin"
      for i=0 to 100 {
            wait 10
            Print i
      }
      Print "End"
      \\ stop play, remove this and music continue, in console prompt
      Play 0
}
CheckIt

There are other statements like Sound, and Background filename$ to play background music.

Mathematica/Wolfram Language

Print["\007"]

MUMPS

write $char(7)

Nanoquery

print chr(7)

Nemerle

using System.Console;

module Beep
{
    Main() : void
    {
        Write("\a");
        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
        Beep();
        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
        Beep(2600, 1000); // limited OS support
    }
}

NetRexx

/* NetRexx */
options replace format comments java crossref symbols binary

runSample(arg)
return

-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
method runSample(arg) private static
  do
    BEL = 8x07
    jtk = java.awt.toolkit.getDefaultToolkit()
    say 'Bing!'(Rexx BEL).d2c
    Thread.sleep(500)
    say 'Ding\x07-ding\u0007!'
    Thread.sleep(500)
    say 'Beep!'
    jtk.beep()
  catch ex = Exception
    ex.printStackTrace()
  end
  return

Nim

echo "\a"

Objeck

7->As(Char)->PrintLine();

PARI/GP

Works with: PARI/GP version 2.7.4 and above

\\ Ringing the terminal bell.
\\ 8/14/2016 aev
Strchr(7) \\ press <Enter>

or

print(Strchr(7)); \\ press <Enter>

Output:

(11:12) gp > Strchr(7) \\ press <Enter>
%6 = ""
(11:13) gp > print(Strchr(7)); \\ press <Enter>

(11:14) gp >

Pascal

See Delphi

Perl

print "\a";

Phix

puts(1,"\x07")

Ineffective under pwa/p2js - just displays an unknown character glyph.

PHP

<?php
echo "\007";

PicoLisp

(beep)

PL/I

   declare bell character (1);
   unspec (bell) = '00000111'b;
   put edit (bell) (a);

PostScript

The following will only work in a PostScript interpreter that sends output to a terminal. It will very likely not make a printer beep.

(\007) print

PowerShell

One can either use the ASCII BEL character which only works in a console (i.e. not in a graphical PowerShell host such as PowerShell ISE):

"`a"

or use the .NET Console class which works independent of the host application:

[Console]::Beep()

PureBasic

Print(#BEL$)

Python

In Python 2.7.x:

print "\a"

In Python 3.x:

print("\a")

Quackery

On some platforms the bell will not ring until the output buffer is flushed e.g. by a cr/lf.

ding

R

alarm()

Racket

#lang racket
(require (planet neil/charterm:3:0))
(with-charterm
 (void (charterm-bell)))

Raku

(formerly Perl 6)

print 7.chr;

Retro

7 putc

REXX

There is no standard REXX built-in function to handle the sounding of the bell or a PC's speaker.

However, some REXX interpreters have added a non-standard BIF.

/*REXX program illustrates methods to  ring the terminal bell  or  use the PC speaker.  */
                     /*╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
                       ║                                                               ║
                       ║  Note that the  hexadecimal code  to ring the  terminal bell  ║
                       ║  is different on an ASCII machine than an EBCDIC machine.     ║
                       ║                                                               ║
                       ║  On an  ASCII machine,  it is  (hexadecimal)  '07'x.          ║
                       ║   "  " EBCDIC    "       "  "        "        '2F'x.          ║
                       ║                                                               ║
                       ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝*/

if 3=='F3'  then bell= '2f'x                     /*we are running on an EBCDIC machine. */
            else bell= '07'x                     /* "  "     "     "  "  ASCII    "     */

say bell                                         /*sound the  bell  on the terminal.    */
say copies(bell, 20)                             /*as above,  but much more annoying.   */

                     /*╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
                       ║                                                               ║
                       ║  Some REXX interpreters have a  built-in function  (BIF)  to  ║
                       ║  to produce a sound on the PC speaker, the sound is specified ║
                       ║  by frequency  and  an optional  duration.                    ║
                       ║                                                               ║
                       ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝*/

                                         /* [↓]  supported by Regina REXX:              */
freq= 1200                               /*frequency in  (nearest)  cycles per second.  */
call  beep freq                          /*sounds the PC speaker, duration=  1   second.*/
ms=   500                                /*duration in milliseconds.                    */
call  beep freq, ms                      /*  "     "   "    "         "     1/2     "   */


                                         /* [↓]  supported by PC/REXX  &  Personal REXX:*/
freq= 2000                               /*frequency in  (nearest)  cycles per second.  */
call  sound freq                         /*sounds PC speaker, duration=   .2   second.  */
secs= .333                               /*duration in seconds (round to nearest tenth).*/
call  sound freq, secs                   /*  "     "    "         "      3/10     "     */

                                         /*stick a fork in it, we're done making noises.*/

Ring

see char(7)

Ruby

print "\a"

Rust

fn main() {
    print!("\x07");
}

Scala

java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep()

Seed7

$ include "seed7_05.s7i";

const proc: main is func
  begin
    write("\a");
  end func;

Sidef

print "\a";

SNUSP

$+++++++.#

Standard ML

val () = print "\a"

Tcl

puts -nonewline "\a";flush stdout

UNIX Shell

Works with: Bourne Shell

Works with: bash

#!/bin/sh
# Ring the terminal bell
# echo "\a" # does not work in some shells
tput bel

Wren

System.print("\a")

X86 Assembly

;Assemble with: tasm; tlink /t
        .model  tiny
        .code
        org     100h            ;.com files start here
start:  mov     ah, 02h         ;character output
        mov     dl, 07h         ;bell code
        int     21h             ;call MS-DOS
        ret                     ;return to MS-DOS
        end     start

XPL0

code ChOut=8;
ChOut(0,7)

zkl

print("\x07");

Revision as of 18:23, 28 August 2022 (view source) Thundergnat (talk \| contribs) m (syntax highlighting fixup automation) ← Older edit		Revision as of 00:11, 25 February 2023 (view source) JDDev0 (talk \| contribs) (Add lang example) Newer edit →
Line 439: println("\u0007") }</syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Lang}}== <syntaxhighlight lang="lang"> fn.println(fn.toChar(7)) </syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Lasso}}==