Decision tables
(Redirected from Decision Tables)
Decision tables is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.
| This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Decision Table. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) |
Decision Tables are a precise yet compact way to model complicated logic.
- Task
Demonstrate how your language implements decision tables.
Use this example of Printer Troubleshooting given in the Wikipedia article.
11l
V conditions = [
(‘Printer prints’ , ‘NNNNYYYY’),
(‘A red light is flashing’ , ‘YYNNYYNN’),
(‘Printer is recognized by computer’, ‘NYNYNYNY’)]
V actions = [
(‘Check the power cable’ , ‘NNYNNNNN’),
(‘Check the printer-computer cable’ , ‘YNYNNNNN’),
(‘Ensure printer software is installed’, ‘YNYNYNYN’),
(‘Check/replace ink’ , ‘YYNNNYNN’),
(‘Check for paper jam’ , ‘NYNYNNNN’)]
V nr = conditions[0][1].len
V np = 7
print(‘Please answer the following questions with a y or n:’)
[Bool] answers
L(condition) conditions
V inp = ‘’
L
inp = input(‘ ’condition[0]‘ ? ’).uppercase()
I inp C (‘Y’, ‘N’)
L.break
answers.append(inp == ‘Y’)
print("\nRecommended action(s):")
L(r) 0 .< nr
L(c) 0 .< conditions.len
V yn = I answers[c] {‘Y’} E ‘N’
I conditions[c][1][r] != yn
L.break
L.was_no_break
I r == np
print(‘ None (no problem detected)’)
E
L(action) actions
I action[1][r] == ‘Y’
print(‘ ’action[0])
L.break- Output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n: Printer prints ? n A red light is flashing ? n Printer is recognized by computer ? n Recommended action(s): Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed
Ada
First the specification of a generic decision table package:
generic
type Condition is (<>);
type Action is (<>);
with function Ask_Question (Cond: Condition) return Boolean;
with procedure Give_Answer (Act: Action);
with procedure No_Answer;
package Generic_Decision_Table is
type Answers is array(Condition) of Boolean;
type Rule_R is record
If_Then: Answers;
Act: Action;
end record;
type Rule_A is array(Positive range <>) of Rule_R;
procedure React(Rules: Rule_A);
end Generic_Decision_Table;
Next, the implementation of the generic decision table package:
package body Generic_Decision_Table is
procedure React(Rules: Rule_A) is
A: Answers;
Some_Answer: Boolean := False;
begin
for C in A'Range loop
A(C) := Ask_Question(C);
end loop;
for R in Rules'Range loop
if A = Rules(R).If_Then then
Give_Answer(Rules(R).Act);
Some_Answer := True;
end if;
end loop;
if not Some_Answer then
No_Answer;
end if;
end React;
end Generic_Decision_Table;
That was easy! Now we implement the printer troubleshooting application:
with Generic_Decision_Table, Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Printer_Decision_Table is
type Condition is (Does_Not_Print, Red_Light_Flashing, Unrecognised);
type Action is (Power_Cable, Printer_Computer_Cable, Software_Installed,
New_Ink, Paper_Jam);
function Question(Cond: Condition) return Boolean is
use Ada.Text_IO;
Ch: Character;
begin
case Cond is
when Does_Not_Print =>
Put("Printer does not print?");
when Red_Light_Flashing =>
Put("A red light is flashing?");
when Unrecognised =>
Put("Printer is unrecognised?");
end case;
Put_Line (" y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no'");
Get(Ch);
return (Ch='y') or (Ch='Y');
end Question;
procedure Answer(Act: Action) is
use Ada.Text_IO;
begin
case Act is
when Power_Cable =>
Put_Line("Check the power cable!");
when Printer_Computer_Cable =>
Put_Line("Check the printer-computer cable!");
when Software_Installed =>
Put_Line("Ensure the printer software is installed!");
when New_Ink =>
Put_Line("Check/replace ink!");
when Paper_Jam =>
Put_Line("Check for paper jam!");
end case;
end Answer;
procedure No_Answer is
begin
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Sorry! I have no idea what to do now!");
end No_Answer;
package DT is new Generic_Decision_Table
(Condition, Action, Question, Answer, No_Answer);
R: DT.Rule_A := (((True, False, True), Power_Cable),
((True, True, True), Printer_Computer_Cable),
((True, False, True), Printer_Computer_Cable),
((True, True, True), Software_Installed),
((True, False, True), Software_Installed),
((False, True, True), Software_Installed),
((False, False, True), Software_Installed),
((True, True, True), New_Ink),
((True, True, False), New_Ink),
((False, True, True), New_Ink),
((False, True, False), New_Ink),
((True, True, False), Paper_Jam),
((True, False, False), Paper_Jam)
);
begin
DT.React(R);
end Printer_Decision_Table;
Sample output:
> ./printer_decision_table Printer does not print? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' y A red light is flashing? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' n Printer is unrecognised? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' n Check for paper jam! > ./printer_decision_table Printer does not print? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' y A red light is flashing? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' y Printer is unrecognised? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' n Check/replace ink! Check for paper jam! > ./printer_decision_table Printer does not print? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' n A red light is flashing? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' n Printer is unrecognised? y/Y => 'yes', any other input: 'no' n Sorry! I have no idea what to do now!
AutoHotkey
Conditions =
(
Printer does not print |Y|Y|Y|Y|N|N|N|N|
A red light is flashing |Y|Y|N|N|Y|Y|N|N|
Printer is unrecognized |Y|N|Y|N|Y|N|Y|N|
)
Actions=
(
Check the power cable | | |x| | | | | |
Check the printer-computer cable |x| |x| | | | | |
Ensure printer software is installed |x| |x| |x| |x| |
Check/replace ink |x|x| | |x|x| | |
Check for paper jam | |x| |x| | | | |
)
Condition:=[], Action:=[], Correlation:=[]
loop, parse, Conditions, `n
{
No:= A_Index, RegExMatch(A_LoopField, "^(.*?)\t+(.*)", m), Cond%No% := m1
for k, v in StrSplit(m2, "|")
Condition[No, k] := v="Y"?1:0
}
loop, parse, Actions, `n
{
No:= A_Index , RegExMatch(A_LoopField, "^(.*?)\t+(.*)", m), Act%No% := m1
for k, v in StrSplit(m2, "|")
Action[No, A_Index] := v="X"?1:0
}
loop, % Condition[1].MaxIndex()
{
j := A_Index, CondLine:=ActLine:=""
loop, % Condition.MaxIndex()
CondLine .= Condition[A_Index,j]
loop, % Action.MaxIndex()
ActLine.= Action[A_Index,j]?1:0
Correlation[CondLine]:=ActLine
}
Gui, font,, Courier
Gui, add, text, w456
Gui, add, text, wp h1 0x7 y+0
loop, parse, Conditions, `n
{
Gui, add, text, y+0 , % A_LoopField
Gui, add, text, wp h1 0x7 y+0
}
Gui, add, text, wp
Gui, add, text, wp h1 0x7 y+0
loop, parse, Actions, `n
{
Gui, add, text, y+0 , % A_LoopField
Gui, add, text, wp h1 0x7 y+0
}
Gui, add, text, wp
loop, % Condition.MaxIndex()
Gui, add, Checkbox,vC%A_Index% gSubmit wp h15, % Cond%A_Index%
Gui, add, text, wp , take the following actions(s):
AM := Action.MaxIndex()
Gui, add, Edit, vOutput ReadOnly r%AM% wp -TabStop
Gui, show
return
Submit:
Gui, Submit, NoHide
CondLine:=Res:=""
loop, % Condition.MaxIndex()
CondLine.= C%A_Index%
MyCorr := Correlation[CondLine]
loop, parse, MyCorr
if A_LoopField
Res .= Act%A_Index% "`n"
GuiControl,, Output, % Res
return
AWK
# syntax: GAWK -f DECISION_TABLES.AWK DECISION_TABLES.TXT
BEGIN {
FS = ":"
}
{ if ($0 ~ /^#/) { # comment
next
}
if (rule_length == 0) { # 1st rule
rule_length = length($2)
}
if (rule_length != length($2)) {
error(sprintf("FILENAME=%s, FNR=%d, rule length not consistent with previous lengths, %s",FILENAME,FNR,$0))
}
if ($1 == "C") { # condition
if ($2 !~ /^[NY]+$/) {
error(sprintf("FILENAME=%s, FNR=%d, rule S/B 'N' or 'Y', %s",FILENAME,FNR,$0))
}
c_arr[++c] = $2 SUBSEP $3
}
else if ($1 == "A") { # action
if ($2 !~ /^[X-]+$/) {
error(sprintf("FILENAME=%s, FNR=%d, rule S/B 'X' or '-', %s",FILENAME,FNR,$0))
}
a_arr[++a] = $2 SUBSEP $3
}
}
END {
validate_rules()
if (errors > 0) { exit(1) }
show_actions(ask_conditions())
exit(0)
}
function ask_conditions( ans,i,key) {
print("condtions:")
for (i=1; i<=c; i++) {
while (1) {
printf(" %s? ",getext(c_arr[i]))
getline ans <"con"
if (ans ~ /^[nNyY]/) {
key = key toupper(substr(ans,1,1))
break
}
}
}
return(key)
}
function getext(str) {
return(substr(str,index(str,SUBSEP)+1))
}
function show_actions(user_reply, hits,i,key) {
key = key_arr[user_reply]
print("actions:")
for (i=1; i<=a; i++) {
if (substr(a_arr[i],key,1) == "X") {
printf(" %s\n",getext(a_arr[i]))
hits++
}
}
printf("%d found\n",hits)
}
function validate_rules( i,j,key) {
for (i=1; i<=rule_length; i++) {
key = ""
for (j=1; j<=c; j++) {
key = key substr(c_arr[j],i,1)
}
if (key in key_arr) {
error(sprintf("duplicate key: %s",key))
}
key_arr[key] = i
}
}
function error(message) {
printf("error: %s\n",message)
errors++
return
}
decision table:
# RULES CONDITIONS C:YYYYNNNN:Printer does not print C:YYNNYYNN:A red light is flashing C:YNYNYNYN:Printer is unrecognized # RULES ACTIONS A:--X-----:Check the power cable A:X-X-----:Check the printer-computer cable A:X-X-X-X-:Ensure printer software is installed A:XX--XX--:Check/replace ink A:-X-X----:Check for paper jam
Output:
condtions: Printer does not print? Y A red light is flashing? Y Printer is unrecognized? Y actions: Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink 3 found condtions: Printer does not print? N A red light is flashing? N Printer is unrecognized? N actions: 0 found
C
With flaky keyboard input:
#include <stdio.h>
#define N_COND 3
#define COND_LEN (1 << N_COND)
struct { const char *str, *truth;}
cond[N_COND] = {
{"Printer does not print", "1111...."},
{"A red light is flashing", "11..11.."},
{"Printer is unrecognised", "1.1.1.1."},
},
solu[] = {
{"Check the power cable", "..1....."},
{"Check the printer-computer cable", "1.1....."},
{"Ensure printer software is installed","1.1.1.1."},
{"Check/replace ink", "11..11.."},
{"Check for paper jam", ".1.1...."},
};
int main()
{
int q, ans, c;
for (q = ans = c = 0; q < N_COND; q++) {
do {
if (c != '\n') printf("%s? ", cond[q].str);
c = getchar();
} while (c != 'y' && c != 'n');
ans = (ans << 1) | (c != 'y');
}
if (ans == COND_LEN - 1)
printf("\nSo, you don't have a problem then?\n");
else {
printf("\nSolutions:\n");
for (q = 0; q < sizeof(solu)/sizeof(solu[0]); q++)
if (solu[q].truth[ans] == '1')
printf(" %s\n", solu[q].str);
}
return 0;
}
output
Printer does not print? y
A red light is flashing? n
Printer is unrecognised? y
Solutions:
Check the power cable
Check the printer-computer cable
Ensure printer software is installed
C++
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> conditions = {
{"Printer prints", "NNNNYYYY"},
{"A red light is flashing", "YYNNYYNN"},
{"Printer is recognized by computer", "NYNYNYNY"}
};
const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> actions = {
{"Check the power cable", "NNYNNNNN"},
{"Check the printer-computer cable", "YNYNNNNN"},
{"Ensure printer software is installed", "YNYNYNYN"},
{"Check/replace ink", "YYNNNYNN"},
{"Check for paper jam", "NYNYNNNN"},
};
int main() {
const size_t nc = conditions.size();
const size_t na = actions.size();
const size_t nr = conditions[0].second.size();
const int np = 7;
auto answers = new bool[nc];
std::string input;
std::cout << "Please answer the following questions with a y or n:\n";
for (size_t c = 0; c < nc; c++) {
char ans;
do {
std::cout << conditions[c].first << "? ";
std::getline(std::cin, input);
ans = std::toupper(input[0]);
} while (ans != 'Y' && ans != 'N');
answers[c] = ans == 'Y';
}
std::cout << "Recommended action(s)\n";
for (size_t r = 0; r < nr; r++) {
for (size_t c = 0; c < nc; c++) {
char yn = answers[c] ? 'Y' : 'N';
if (conditions[c].second[r] != yn) {
goto outer;
}
}
if (r == np) {
std::cout << " None (no problem detected)\n";
} else {
for (auto action : actions) {
if (action.second[r] == 'Y') {
std::cout << " " << action.first << '\n';
}
}
}
break;
outer: {}
}
delete[] answers;
return 0;
}
- Output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n: Printer prints? n A red light is flashing? n Printer is recognized by computer? n Recommended action(s) Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed
COBOL
>> SOURCE FORMAT FREE
identification division.
program-id. 'decisiontable'.
environment division.
configuration section.
repository.
function all intrinsic.
data division.
working-storage section.
01 conditions.
03 notprinting pic x.
03 flashing pic x.
03 notrecognized pic x.
procedure division.
start-decision-table.
display space
display 'The printer does not print (Y or N) ' with no advancing
accept notprinting
display 'A red light is flashing (Y or N) ' with no advancing
accept flashing
display 'The printer is unrecognized (Y or N) ' with no advancing
accept notrecognized
move upper-case(conditions) to conditions
display space
*>decision table Printer troubleshooter
*> conditions
*>Printer does not print Y Y Y Y N N N N
*>A red light is flashing Y Y N N Y Y N N
*>Printer is unrecognized Y N Y N Y N Y N
*> actions
*>Check the power cable X
*>Check the printer-computer cable X X
*>Ensure printer software is installed X X X X
*>Check/replace ink X X X X
*>Check for paper jam X X
*>end decision table
evaluate notprinting also flashing also notrecognized
when 'Y' also 'Y' also 'Y'
display 'Check the printer-computer cable'
display 'Ensure printer software is installed'
display 'Check/replace ink'
when 'Y' also 'Y' also 'N'
display 'Check/replace ink'
display 'Check for paper jam'
when 'Y' also 'N' also 'Y'
display 'Check the power cable'
display 'Check the printer-computer cable'
display 'Ensure printer software is installed'
when 'Y' also 'N' also 'N'
display 'Check for paper jam'
when 'N' also 'Y' also 'Y'
display 'Ensure printer software is installed'
display 'Check/replace ink'
when 'N' also 'Y' also 'N'
display 'Check/replace ink'
when 'N' also 'N' also 'Y'
display 'Ensure printer software is installed'
when 'N' also 'N' also 'N'
display 'no action found'
when other
display 'invalid input: ' notprinting space flashing space notrecognized
end-evaluate
display space
stop run
.
end program 'decisiontable'.
- Output:
$ cobc -xj decisiontable.cob The printer does not print (Y or N) n A red light is flashing (Y or N) n The printer is unrecognized (Y or N) y Ensure printer software is installed
D
import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.exception, std.array;
immutable struct DecisionTable {
alias immutable(bool)[] IBA;
const string[] conds, actions;
immutable IBA[IBA] rules;
private static immutable(bool[]) growTo(in bool[] b,
in size_t newLen)
pure nothrow {
auto result = new bool[newLen];
result[0 .. b.length] = b[];
return result.assumeUnique;
}
this(immutable string[] c,
immutable string[] a,
immutable bool[][][] q) pure nothrow {
conds = c;
actions = a;
IBA[IBA] r;
foreach (p; q)
r[growTo(p[0], conds.length)] =
growTo(p[1], actions.length);
rules = r.assumeUnique;
}
string[] test(in bool[] tested,
in string NoMatchMsg="It is fine :)")
const pure nothrow {
string[] rightActions;
auto iTested = growTo(tested, conds.length);
if (iTested in rules)
foreach (immutable i, immutable e; rules[iTested])
if (e)
rightActions ~= actions[i];
if (!rightActions.empty)
return rightActions;
return [NoMatchMsg];
}
void consult() const {
bool[] query;
foreach (cond; conds) {
write(cond, "? [y=yes/others=no] ");
string answer = "no";
try
answer = stdin.readln;
catch (StdioException)
writeln("no");
query ~= !!answer.startsWith('y', 'Y');
}
writefln("%-(%2s\n%)", test(query));
}
}
void main() {
enum { F = false, T = true }
immutable d = immutable(DecisionTable)(
["Printer is unrecognised",
"A red light is flashing",
"Printer does not print"],
["Check the power cable",
"Check the printer-computer cable",
"Ensure printer software is installed",
"Check/replace ink",
"Check for paper jam"],
[[[T, F, F], [F, F, T]],
[[F, T, F], [F, F, F, T]],
[[T, T, F], [F, F, T, T]],
[[F, F, T], [F, F, F, F, T]],
[[T, F, T], [T, T, T]],
[[F, T, T], [F, F, F, T, T]],
[[T, T, T], [F, T, T, T, F]]
]
);
d.consult;
}
- Output:
Printer is unrecognised? [y=yes/others=no] no A red light is flashing? [y=yes/others=no] no Printer does not print? [y=yes/others=no] no It is fine :)
Alternative Version
import std.stdio, std.string;
struct DataPair(size_t N) {
string message;
immutable char[N] truth;
}
immutable DataPair!8[] conditions = [
{"Printer does not print", "####...."},
{"A red light is flashing", "##..##.."},
{"Printer is unrecognised", "#.#.#.#."}];
immutable DataPair!8[] solutions = [
{"Check the power cable", "..#....."},
{"Check the printer-computer cable", "#.#....."},
{"Ensure printer software is installed", "#.#.#.#."},
{"Check/replace ink", "##..##.."},
{"Check for paper jam", ".#.#...."}];
void main() {
size_t code = 0;
foreach (immutable cond; conditions) {
write(cond.message, "? [y=yes/others=no] ");
string answer = "no";
try
answer = stdin.readln();
catch (StdioException)
writeln("no");
code = (code << 1) | !answer.startsWith('y', 'Y');
}
if (code == (2 ^^ conditions.length) - 1)
writeln("\nSo, you don't have a problem then?");
else {
writeln("\nSolutions:");
foreach (immutable sol; solutions)
if (sol.truth[code] == '#')
writeln(" ", sol.message);
}
}
- Output:
Printer does not print? [y=yes/others=no] no A red light is flashing? [y=yes/others=no] no Printer is unrecognised? [y=yes/others=no] no So, you don't have a problem then?
Keyboard handling is sketchy, just type "true" or "false" to each question.
EasyLang
conds$[][] = [ [ "Printer prints" "nnnnyyyy" ] [ "A red light is flashing" "yynnyynn" ] [ "Printer is recognized by computer" "nynynyny" ] ]
acts$[][] = [ [ "Check the power cable" "nnynnnnn" ] [ "Check the printer-computer cable" "ynynnnnn" ] [ "Ensure printer software is installed" "ynynynyn" ] [ "Check/replace ink" "yynnnynn" ] [ "Check for paper jam" "nynynnnn" ] ]
#
nc = len conds$[][]
na = len acts$[][]
nr = len conds$[1][2]
np = pow 2 nc
#
print "Please answer the following questions with a y or n:"
for c to nc
repeat
write " " & conds$[c][1] & " ? "
in$ = input
print in$
until in$ = "y" or in$ = "n"
.
answs$[] &= in$
.
print "\nRecommended action(s):"
for r to nr
for c to nc
if substr conds$[c][2] r 1 <> answs$[c]
break 1
.
.
if c > nc
if r = np
print " None (no problem detected)"
else
for a = 1 to na
if substr acts$[a][2] r 1 = "y"
print " " & acts$[a][1]
.
.
break 1
.
.
.
- Output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n: Printer prints ? n A red light is flashing ? n Printer is recognized by computer ? n Recommended action(s): Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed
FreeBASIC
dim as boolean rules(0 to 2, 0 to 7) =_
{ {false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true},_
{ true, true, false, false, true, true, false, false},_
{false, true, false, true, false, true, false, true} }
dim as boolean actions(0 to 4, 0 to 7) =_
{ {false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false},_
{ true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false},_
{ true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false},_
{ true, true, false, false, false, true, false, false},_
{false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false} }
dim as string rule_names(0 to 2) =_
{"Printer prints", "A red light is flashing",_
"Printer is recognized by computer"}
dim as string action_names(0 to 4) = _
{"Check the power cable", "Check the printer-computer cable",_
"Ensure printer software is installed", "Check/replace ink",_
"Check for paper jam" }
dim as boolean answers(0 to 2)
for i as uinteger = 0 to 2
print rule_names(i),
input answers(i)
next i
print "---- Suggested solutions: ----"
for i as uinteger = 0 to 4
for j as uinteger = 0 to 7
if not actions(i, j) then continue for
for k as uinteger = 0 to 2
if rules(k, j)<>answers(j) then goto dontdoit
next k
print action_names(i)
dontdoit:
next j
next i
Go
Go has no specific support for decision tables, but they can be implemented easily. With a little ingenuity, literal data can be arranged in rows and columns in a way that preserves the visual associations of decision tables. Go has an init function that might be useful for compiling decision tables at program startup. And Go maps allow efficient lookup of actions given conditions.
package main
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"os"
)
type dtText struct {
rules, text string
}
var ptText = []dtText{
{"YYYYNNNN", "Printer does not print"},
{"YYNNYYNN", "A red light is flashing"},
{"YNYNYNYN", "Printer is unrecognised"},
{"--------", ""},
{" X ", "Check the power cable"},
{"X X ", "Check the printer-computer cable"},
{"X X X X ", "Ensure printer software is installed"},
{"XX XX ", "Check/replace ink"},
{" X X ", "Check for paper jam"},
}
type dtMap map[string][]string
func compileDT(t []dtText) (dtMap, error) {
if len(t) == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("Empty decision table")
}
var conditions, actions []dtText
ruleColumns := len(t[0].rules)
for i, row := range t {
if len(row.rules) != ruleColumns {
return nil, errors.New("Inconsistent number of rule columns")
}
if len(row.text) == 0 {
if conditions != nil {
return nil, errors.New("Multple separator lines")
}
if i == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("No conditions specified")
}
if i == len(t)-1 {
return nil, errors.New("No actions specified")
}
conditions = t[:i]
actions = t[i+1:]
}
}
if conditions == nil {
return nil, errors.New("Missing separator line")
}
m := make(map[string][]string, ruleColumns)
kb := make([]byte, len(conditions))
for col := 0; col < ruleColumns; col++ {
for i, c := range conditions {
kb[i] = c.rules[col]
}
key := string(kb)
for _, a := range actions {
if a.rules[col] != ' ' {
m[key] = append(m[key], a.text)
}
}
}
return m, nil
}
func init() {
var err error
if ptMap, err = compileDT(ptText); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
var ptMap dtMap
func main() {
for _, a := range ptMap["NYY"] {
fmt.Println(a)
}
}
Output:
Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink
Icon and Unicon
Sample Output:
Printer does not print ? Y A red light is flashing ? N Printer is unrecognised ? N ---------------------------- Check for paper jam
J
Solution:
require'strings'
'RULE_NAMES RULES'=: |:':'&cut;._2 noun define
Printer does not print: Y Y Y Y N N N N
A red light is flashing: Y Y N N Y Y N N
Printer is unrecognised: Y N Y N Y N Y N
)
'ACTION_NAMES ACTIONS'=: |:':'&cut;._2 noun define
Check the power cable: - - X - - - - -
Check the printer-computer cable: X - X - - - - -
Ensure printer software is installed: X - X - X - X -
Check/replace ink: X X - - X X - -
Check for paper jam: - X - X - - - -
)
assert (-:~.)|: 'Y' =/&;: RULES
RULE_TABLE=: (,/'X'=/&;: ACTIONS) /:&|: 'Y' =/&;: RULES
troubleshoot =: verb define
RULE_TABLE troubleshoot~ RULE_NAMES ,&< ACTION_NAMES
:
'q a'=.x
smoutput 'Having trouble? Let''s track down the problem:'
options=. a #~ y {~ #. 'Y'={.@toupper@deb@(1!:1)@1:@smoutput@,&'?'@dtb"1 q
(,~ ('/'cut'Suggested resolutions:/Solution unknown.') {::~ 0=#) options
)
Example (solution found):
troubleshoot ''
Having trouble? Let's track down the problem:
Printer does not print?
Y
A red light is flashing?
Y
Printer is unrecognised?
Y
Suggested resolutions:
Check the printer-computer cable
Ensure printer software is installed
Check/replace ink
Example (solution not found):
troubleshoot ''
Having trouble? Let's track down the problem:
Printer does not print?
N
A red light is flashing?
N
Printer is unrecognised?
N
Solution unknown.
Comments
The only interesting line in this solution is the one that assigns RULE_TABLE. The rest is mostly ancillary support.
For large numbers of rules and few actions, J's native support of sparse arrays might provide a performance advantage, particularly in space. A minor note about the implementation here: the verb (function) troubleshoot is generalized, and reusable on any set of rule table, questions, and suggested actions. The default is to use those given in the printer troubleshooting table.
Java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
public class DecisionTables {
private static class Pair<T, U> {
private final T t;
private final U u;
public static <T, U> Pair<T, U> of(T t, U u) {
return new Pair<>(t, u);
}
public Pair(T t, U u) {
this.t = t;
this.u = u;
}
public T getFirst() {
return t;
}
public U getSecond() {
return u;
}
}
private static final List<Pair<String, String>> conditions = List.of(
Pair.of("Printer prints", "NNNNYYYY"),
Pair.of("A red light is flashing", "YYNNYYNN"),
Pair.of("Printer is recognized by computer", "NYNYNYNY")
);
private static final List<Pair<String, String>> actions = List.of(
Pair.of("Check the power cable", "NNYNNNNN"),
Pair.of("Check the printer-computer cable", "YNYNNNNN"),
Pair.of("Ensure printer software is installed", "YNYNYNYN"),
Pair.of("Check/replace ink", "YYNNNYNN"),
Pair.of("Check for paper jam", "NYNYNNNN")
);
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
final int nc = conditions.size();
final int na = actions.size();
final int nr = conditions.get(0).getSecond().length();
final int np = 7;
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("Please answer the following questions with a y or n:");
final boolean[] answers = new boolean[nc];
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
String input;
do {
System.out.printf(" %s ? ", conditions.get(c).getFirst());
input = br.readLine().toUpperCase();
} while (!Objects.equals(input, "Y") && !Objects.equals(input, "N"));
answers[c] = Objects.equals(input, "Y");
}
System.out.println("\nRecommended action(s)");
outer:
for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) {
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
char yn = answers[c] ? 'Y' : 'N';
if (conditions.get(c).getSecond().charAt(r) != yn) {
continue outer;
}
}
if (r == np) {
System.out.println(" None (no problem detected)");
} else {
for (Pair<String, String> action : actions) {
if (action.getSecond().charAt(r) == 'Y') {
System.out.printf(" %s\n", action.getFirst());
}
}
}
break;
}
}
}
- Output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n: Printer prints ? n A red light is flashing ? n Printer is recognized by computer ? n Recommended action(s) Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed
JavaScript
Interactive
Since this is an interactive web page, results can't be listed. See http://jsfiddle.net/rGP6C/1/ for a live demo.
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<form id="form"></form>
<br/>Possible solutions:
<ul id="ul"></ul>
</body>
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var questions = [
{ bools:[1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0], text:"Printer does not print" },
{ bools:[1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0], text:"A red light is flashing" },
{ bools:[1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0], text:"Printer is unrecognized" },
];
var answers = [
{ bools:[0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0], text:"Check the power cable" },
{ bools:[1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0], text:"Check the printer-computer cable" },
{ bools:[1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0], text:"Ensure printer software is installed" },
{ bools:[1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0], text:"Check/replace ink" },
{ bools:[0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0], text:"Check for paper jam" },
]
$(document).ready(function() {
// Init form with questions. "Value" is a descending power of 2.
var value = questions[0].bools.length;
for (var i = 0; i < questions.length; i++) {
value /= 2;
var el = '<br /><input type="checkbox" value="' + value + '">' + questions[i].text;
$("#form").append(el);
}
// Respond to a checkbox action.
$('input:checkbox').change(function() {
// Figure out which combination of checkboxes the user selected.
var sum = 0;
$('input:checkbox:checked').each(function () {
sum += Number(this.value);
});
// Translate sum into an index (column #) into bools.
var index = questions[0].bools.length - sum - 1;
// Clear the answers.
$('#ul').html('');
// Add appropriate answers.
for (var i = 0; i < answers.length; i++) {
if (answers[i].bools[index]) {
$('#ul').append('<li>' + answers[i].text + '</li>')
}
}
});
});
</script>
</html>
DecTab object
This implements a DecisionTable object called DecTab. The JavaScript dialect is Microsoft's JScript.
var DecTab = function () {
this.conditions = [];
this.rules = [];
this.actions = [];
}
DecTab.prototype.Conditions = function () {
var args = [].slice.call(arguments);
for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
this.conditions.push(args[i]);
}
return this;
};
DecTab.prototype.RulesActions = function (rules, actions) {
var count = 0;
var actionable;
this.rules.push(rules)
this.actions.push(actions);
return this;
};
DecTab.prototype.Decide = function () {
var decision = [];
var decided = false;
for (var i = 0; i < this.conditions.length; i++) {
decision.push((this.conditions[i]()));
}
var decisionstring = "." + decision.join(".") + ".";
for (i = 0; i < this.rules.length; i++) {
var rule = [];
for (var j = 0; j < this.rules[i].length; j++) {
rule.push((this.rules[i][j]));
}
var rulestring = "." + rule.join(".") + ".";
if (rulestring === decisionstring) {
decided = true;
for (var k = 0; k < this.actions[i].length; k++) {
this.actions[i][k]();
}
break;
}
}
if (!decided) {
WScript.Echo("No decision table rows matched.");
}
}
The task is rendered as follows
function Ask(q) {
WScript.StdOut.Write(q);
WScript.StdOut.Write(" [Y/N]?");
var ans = WScript.StdIn.ReadLine();
ans = ans.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() === "Y" ? "Y" : "N";
return ans;
}
function Tell(w) {
WScript.Echo(w);
}
function Check_the_power_cable() {
Tell("Check the power cable.");
}
function Check_the_printer_computer_cable() {
Tell("Check the printer-computer cable.");
}
function Ensure_printer_software_is_installed() {
Tell("Ensure printer software is installed.");
}
function Check_replace_ink() {
Tell("Check/replace ink.");
}
function Check_for_paper_jam() {
Tell("Check for paper jam.");
}
function Printer_Prints() {
return Ask("Printer prints");
}
function A_red_light_is_flashing() {
return Ask("A red light is flashing");
}
function Printer_is_recognized_by_computer() {
return Ask("Printer is recognized by computer");
}
var DT = new DecTab()
.Conditions(
Printer_Prints,
A_red_light_is_flashing,
Printer_is_recognized_by_computer)
.RulesActions(["N", "Y", "N"], [Check_the_printer_computer_cable, Ensure_printer_software_is_installed, Check_replace_ink])
.RulesActions(["N", "Y", "Y"], [Check_replace_ink, Check_for_paper_jam])
.RulesActions(["N", "N", "N"], [Check_the_power_cable, Check_the_printer_computer_cable, Ensure_printer_software_is_installed])
.RulesActions(["N", "N", "Y"], [Check_for_paper_jam])
.RulesActions(["Y", "Y", "N"], [Ensure_printer_software_is_installed, Check_replace_ink])
.RulesActions(["Y", "Y", "Y"], [Check_replace_ink])
.RulesActions(["Y", "N", "N"], [Ensure_printer_software_is_installed])
.RulesActions(["Y", "N", "Y"], [])
.Decide();
And a sample run
C:\>CScript DecisionTable.js
Printer prints [Y/N]?Y
A red light is flashing [Y/N]?Y
Printer is recognized by computer [Y/N]?Y
Check/replace ink.
jq
Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq
In the following solution, `input` is used to read the user's yes/no responses, and so jq should be invoked with the -R and -n command-line options.
Because of the limitations of jq's I/O capabilities, the prompts for this task are written to stderr, which unfortunately makes them untidy.
def get_response:
input
| if . == "Y" or . == "y" then "Y"
elif . == "N" or . == "n" then "N"
else null
end;
def ask($prompt):
def ask:
$prompt|stderr
| get_response
| if . then . else ask end;
ask;
def conditions: [
["Printer prints" , "NNNNYYYY"],
["A red light is flashing" , "YYNNYYNN"],
["Printer is recognized by computer", "NYNYNYNY"]
];
def actions: [
["Check the power cable" , "NNYNNNNN"],
["Check the printer-computer cable" , "YNYNNNNN"],
["Ensure printer software is installed", "YNYNYNYN"],
["Check/replace ink" , "YYNNNYNN"],
["Check for paper jam" , "NYNYNNNN"]
];
def interact:
conditions as $conditions
| actions as $actions
| ($conditions|length) as $nc
| ($actions|length) as $na
| ($conditions[0][1]|length) as $nr # number of rules
| 7 as $np # index of 'no problem' rule
| "Please answer the following questions with a y or n:",
( reduce range(0; $nc) as $c ( null;
.[$c] = ask("\($conditions[$c][0])? ") )) as $answers
| ("\nRecommended action(s):",
label $out
| range(0; $nr) as $r
| if all( range(0; $nc); $conditions[.][1][$r:$r+1] == $answers[.])
then if $r == $np
then "None (no problem detected)."
else $actions[] | select(.[1][$r:$r+1] == "Y") | .[0]
end,
break $out
else empty
end ) ;
interactExample (transcript)
$ jq -rRn -f decision-tables.jq Please answer the following questions with a y or n: "Printer prints? "n "A red light is flashing? "n "Printer is recognized by computer? "n Recommended action(s): Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed
Julia
const queries = [("Printer does not print", 0b11110000),
("A red light is flashing", 0b11001100),
("Printer is unrecognised", 0b10101010)]
const answers = Dict(0b00100000 => "Check the power cable",
0b10100000 => "Check the printer-computer cable",
0b10101010 => "Ensure printer software is installed",
0b11001100 => "Check/replace ink",
0b01010000 => "Check for paper jam",
0b00000001 => "Cannot diagnose any problem.")
function ynprompt(prompt)
while true
print(prompt, "?: ")
if (ans = strip(uppercase(readline()))[1]) in ['Y', 'N']
return ans
end
end
end
function decide(queries, answers)
cond = 0b11111111
for (prompt, value) in queries
cond &= (ynprompt(prompt) == 'Y' ? value : UInt8(~value))
end
for (bitpat, diagnosis) in answers
if cond & bitpat != 0
println(diagnosis)
end
end
end
decide(queries, answers)
- Output:
Printer does not print?: y A red light is flashing?: y Printer is unrecognised?: n Check/replace ink Check for paper jam
Kotlin
// version 1.1.51
val conditions = listOf(
"Printer prints" to "NNNNYYYY",
"A red light is flashing" to "YYNNYYNN",
"Printer is recognized by computer" to "NYNYNYNY"
)
val actions = listOf(
"Check the power cable" to "NNYNNNNN",
"Check the printer-computer cable" to "YNYNNNNN",
"Ensure printer software is installed" to "YNYNYNYN",
"Check/replace ink" to "YYNNNYNN",
"Check for paper jam" to "NYNYNNNN"
)
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val nc = conditions.size
val na = actions.size
val nr = conditions[0].second.length // number of rules
val np = 7 // index of 'no problem' rule
println("Please answer the following questions with a y or n:")
val answers = BooleanArray(nc)
for (c in 0 until nc) {
var input: String
do {
print(" ${conditions[c].first} ? ")
input = readLine()!!.toUpperCase()
}
while (input != "Y" && input != "N")
answers[c] = (input == "Y")
}
println("\nRecommended action(s):")
outer@ for (r in 0 until nr) {
for (c in 0 until nc) {
val yn = if (answers[c]) 'Y' else 'N'
if (conditions[c].second[r] != yn) continue@outer
}
if (r == np) {
println(" None (no problem detected)")
}
else {
for (a in 0 until na) {
if (actions[a].second[r] == 'Y') println(" ${actions[a].first}")
}
}
return
}
}
Sample input/output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n: Printer prints ? n A red light is flashing ? n Printer is recognized by computer ? n Recommended action(s): Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed
Lua
function promptYN(q)
local ans = '?'
repeat
io.write(q..'? ')
ans = string.upper(io.read())
until ans == 'Y' or ans == 'N'
return ans == 'Y'
end
function getCharAt(s,i)
return string.sub(s,i,i)
end
conditions = {
{"Printer prints", "NNNNYYYY"},
{"A red light is flashing", "YYNNYYNN"},
{"Printer is recognized by computer", "NYNYNYNY"},
}
actions = {
{"Check the power cable", "NNYNNNNN"},
{"Check the printer-computer cable", "YNYNNNNN"},
{"Ensure printer software is installed", "YNYNYNYN"},
{"Check/replace ink", "YYNNNYNN"},
{"Check for paper jam", "NYNYNNNN"},
}
nc = #conditions
nr = string.len(conditions[1][2])
answers = {}
print('Please answer the following questions with a y or n:')
for i,v in pairs(conditions) do
answers[i] = promptYN(v[1])
end
print('Recommended action(s)')
for r=1,nr do
local skip = false
for c=1,nc do
local yn = answers[c] and 'Y' or 'N'
if getCharAt(conditions[c][2], r) ~= yn then
skip = true
break
end
end
if not skip then
if r == nr then
print(" None (no problem detected)")
else
for i,a in pairs(actions) do
if getCharAt(a[2], r) == 'Y' then
print(" ", a[1])
end
end
end
end
end
- Output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n:
Printer prints? n
A red light is flashing? n
Printer is recognized by computer? n
Recommended action(s)
Check the power cable
Check the printer-computer cable
Ensure printer software is installed
Nim
We have defined a generic decision table object and used it with the Wikipedia printer example.
import strutils, tables
####################################################################################################
# Generic defintion of the decision table.
type
DTable[Cond, Act: Ordinal] = object
questions: array[Cond, string]
answers: array[Act, string]
rules: Table[set[Cond], seq[Act]]
proc initDTable[Cond, Act](): DTable[Cond, Act] = discard
proc addCondition[Cond, Act](dt: var DTable[Cond, Act]; cond: Cond; question: string) =
if dt.questions[cond].len != 0:
raise newException(ValueError, "condition already set: " & $cond)
dt.questions[cond] = question
proc addAction[Cond, Act](dt: var DTable[Cond, Act]; act: Act; answer: string) =
if dt.answers[act].len != 0:
raise newException(ValueError, "action already set: " & $act)
dt.answers[act] = answer
proc addRule[Cond, Act](dt: var DTable[Cond, Act]; rule: set[Cond]; acts: openArray[Act]) =
if rule in dt.rules:
raise newException(ValueError, "rule already set.")
dt.rules[rule] = @acts
proc askQuestion(question: string): string =
while true:
stdout.write question & ' '
stdout.flushFile()
result = stdin.readLine().strip()
if result in ["y", "n"]: break
proc apply[Cond, Act](dt: DTable[Cond, Act]) =
# Build condition set.
var conds: set[Cond]
echo "Answer questions with 'y' or 'n'"
for cond, question in dt.questions:
if question.len == 0:
raise newException(ValueError, "missing question for condition: " & $cond)
let answer = askQuestion(question)
if answer == "y":
conds.incl cond
# Apply rule.
echo()
if conds in dt.rules:
echo "Actions recommended:"
for act in dt.rules[conds]:
echo "- ", dt.answers[act]
else:
echo "No action recommended."
####################################################################################################
# Decision table for Wikipedia printer example.
type
Condition {.pure.} = enum PrinterPrints, RedLightFlashing, PrinterRecognized
Action {.pure.} = enum CheckPowerCable, CheckPrinterCable, CheckSoftware, CheckInk, CheckPaperJam
const
Questions = [PrinterPrints: "Does printer print?",
RedLightFlashing: "Does red light is flashing?",
PrinterRecognized: "Is printer recognized by computer?"]
Answers = [CheckPowerCable: "check the power cable",
CheckPrinterCable: "check the printer-computer cable",
CheckSoftware: "ensure printer software is installed",
CheckInk: "check/replace ink",
CheckPaperJam: "check for paper jam"]
var dt = initDTable[Condition, Action]()
for cond, question in Questions:
dt.addCondition(cond, question)
for act, answer in Answers:
dt.addAction(act, answer)
dt.addRule({}, [CheckPowerCable, CheckPrinterCable, CheckSoftware])
dt.addRule({PrinterPrints}, [CheckSoftware])
dt.addRule({RedLightFlashing}, [CheckPrinterCable, CheckSoftware, CheckInk])
dt.addRule({PrinterRecognized}, [CheckPaperJam])
dt.addRule({PrinterPrints, RedLightFlashing}, [CheckSoftware])
dt.addRule({RedLightFlashing, PrinterRecognized}, [CheckInk, CheckPaperJam])
dt.addRule({PrinterPrints, RedLightFlashing, PrinterRecognized}, [CheckInk])
dt.apply()
- Output:
Answer questions with 'y' or 'n' Does printer print? n Does red light is flashing? y Is printer recognized by computer? y Actions recommended: - check/replace ink - check for paper jam
Perl
use v5.36;
sub decide($q,$a) {
my @q = @{$q};
my %a = %{$a};
my($cnt,$bit) = (1,0);
for my $prompt (@q) {
print "$prompt: ";
$bit += $cnt if <> =~ /y/i;
$cnt *= 2;
}
$bit = 2**$bit;
while (my ($bitpat,$diagnosis) = each %a) {
print "$diagnosis\n" if $bit & $bitpat;
}
}
my @queries = (
'Printer is unrecognised',
'A red light is flashing',
'Printer does not print',
);
my %answers = (
0b00100000 => 'Check the power cable',
0b10100000 => 'Check the printer-computer cable',
0b10101010 => 'Ensure printer software is installed',
0b11001100 => 'Check/replace ink',
0b01010000 => 'Check for paper jam',
);
decide(\@queries,\%answers);
- Output:
Printer is unrecognised: n A red light is flashing: n Printer does not print: y Check for paper jam
Phix
Written such that conditions and actions could easily be read from a plain text file, and should cope fairly well with different lengths, missing/conflicting options, etc.
console version
without js -- (wait_key) constant conditions = """ YYYYNNNN:Printer does not print YYNNYYNN:A red light is flashing YNYNYNYN:Printer is unrecognized """ constant actions = """ --X-----:Check the power cable X-X-----:Check the printer-computer cable X-X-X-X-:Ensure printer software is installed XX--XX--:Check/replace ink -X-X----:Check for paper jam """ procedure validate(sequence s, integer l, string letters, name) if remainder(length(s),2) then throw(sprintf("uneven %s pairings",{name})) end if for i=1 to length(s) by 2 do string si = s[i] if length(si)!=l then throw(sprintf("mismatched lengths (line %d)",i)) end if for j=1 to length(si) do if not find(si[j],letters) then throw(sprintf("invalid letter [%c not in %s]",{si[j],letters})) end if end for end for end procedure constant qa = split_any(conditions,"\n:"), sa = split_any(actions,"\n:") integer l = length(qa[1]) function ask_questions() sequence valid = repeat(true,l) integer a for i=1 to length(qa) by 2 do while true do puts(1,qa[i+1]&":? ") a = upper(wait_key()) if find(a,"YN") then exit end if puts(1,"\nplease enter Y or N\n") end while printf(1,"%c\n",a) for j=1 to l do if a!=qa[i][j] then valid[j] = false end if end for end for return valid end function procedure show_answers(integer k) integer count = 0 for i=1 to length(sa) by 2 do if sa[i][k]='X' then puts(1,sa[i+1]&"\n") count += 1 end if end for printf(1,"%d answers\n",count) end procedure procedure main() try validate(qa,l,"YN","condition") validate(sa,l,"-X","action") catch e ?e abort(0) end try sequence valid = ask_questions() integer sv = sum(valid) if sv=0 then puts(1,"no answers") elsif sv=1 then show_answers(find(true,valid)) else puts(1,"multiple answer sets\n") for i=1 to length(valid) do if valid[i] then printf(1,"for %d:\n",i) show_answers(i) end if end for end if end procedure main()
- Output:
Printer does not print:? N A red light is flashing:? Y Printer is unrecognized:? Y Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink 2 answers
GUI version
with javascript_semantics constant conditions = """ YYYYNNNN:Printer does not print YYNNYYNN:A red light is flashing YNYNYNYN:Printer is unrecognized """ constant actions = """ --X-----:Check the power cable X-X-----:Check the printer-computer cable X-X-X-X-:Ensure printer software is installed XX--XX--:Check/replace ink -X-X----:Check for paper jam """ constant {qyn,qus} = columnize(apply(true,split,{split(conditions,'\n'),':'})), {a_x,act} = columnize(apply(true,split,{split(actions,'\n'),':'})) integer nq = length(qus), na = length(act), ynl = length(qyn[1]) assert(apply(qyn,length)=repeat(ynl,nq),"mismatched YN lengths") assert(apply(a_x,length)=repeat(ynl,na),"mismatched X- lengths") assert(unique(join(qyn,""))="NY" and unique(join(a_x,""))="-X") constant title = "Decision_tables", help_text = """ Check all that apply and press the "Get Answers" button. """ include pGUI.e Ihandle dlg, tbox, hbox, vbox, okbtn, answers sequence toggles function show_help() IupMessage(title,help_text) return IUP_IGNORE -- (don't open browser help!) end function function button_cb(Ihandle /*okbtn*/) sequence valid = repeat(true,ynl) for i=1 to nq do integer yn = "YN"[2-IupGetInt(toggles[i],"VALUE")] for j=1 to ynl do if yn!=qyn[i][j] then valid[j] = false end if end for end for integer sv = sum(valid) string answer = iff(sv=0?"no answers": iff(sv=1?"":"multiple answer sets\n")) if sv!=0 then for i=1 to ynl do if valid[i] then if sv>1 then answer &= sprintf("for %d:\n",i) end if sequence actions = {} for j=1 to na do if a_x[j][i]='X' then actions = append(actions,act[j]) end if end for actions = append(actions,sprintf("%d answers\n",length(actions))) answer &= join(actions,"\n") end if end for end if IupSetStrAttribute(answers,"TITLE",answer) IupSetAttribute(dlg,"SIZE",NULL) IupRefresh(dlg) return IUP_DEFAULT end function function key_cb(Ihandle /*dlg*/, atom c) if c=K_ESC then return IUP_CLOSE end if -- (standard practice for me) if c=K_F5 then return IUP_DEFAULT end if -- (let browser reload work) if c=K_F1 then return show_help() end if if c=K_CR then return button_cb(okbtn) end if return IUP_IGNORE end function IupOpen() toggles = apply(true,IupToggle,{qus,{"RIGHTBUTTON=YES, CANFOCUS=NO"}}) okbtn = IupButton("Get Answers",Icallback("button_cb"),"PADDING=5x5") answers = IupLabel("","EXPAND=BOTH, PADDING=10x10") tbox = IupVbox(toggles,"ALIGNMENT=ARIGHT") hbox = IupHbox({tbox,IupVbox({IupLabel(),okbtn})}) vbox = IupVbox({hbox,answers},"MARGIN=20x10") dlg = IupDialog(vbox,`TITLE="%s", MINSIZE=540x200`,{title}) IupShow(dlg) IupSetCallback(dlg,"KEY_CB",Icallback("key_cb")) IupSetAttributeHandle(NULL,"PARENTDIALOG",dlg) if platform()!=JS then IupMainLoop() IupClose() end if
Picat
Interactive version
import util.
%
% Interactive version.
% Answer with YnNn
%
go =>
conditions(Conditions),
solutions(Solutions),
Answers=query(Conditions),
println(join(decision_table(Solutions,Answers),'\n')),
nl.
%
% Query the user about the problem.
% Valid responses: YyNn
%
query(Conditions) = Answers =>
Answers = [0 : _I in 1..Conditions[1,2].length],
println("Please answer the questions with YyNn."),
foreach([Text,Cond] in Conditions)
A = "",
while (not(membchk(A, ["Y","N","y","n"])))
printf("%s? ", Text),
A := read_line(),
if membchk(A,["Y","y"]) then
Answers := map(\/, Answers,Cond)
end
end
end,
nl.
%
% Get the result given the answers (list of 01).
%
decision_table(Solutions,Answers) = Result =>
Result = [],
if sum(Answers) = 0 then
Result := ["Nice, no problem."]
else
foreach([Text,Sol] in Solutions)
if map(/\,Sol,Answers) == Sol then
Result := Result ++ [Text]
end
end
end.
conditions(Conditions) =>
Conditions = [
["Printer does not print", [1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0]],
["A red light is flashing", [1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0]],
["Printer is unrecognised", [1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0]]
].
solutions(Solutions) =>
Solutions = [
["Check the power cable", [0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0]],
["Check the printer-computer cable", [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0]],
["Ensure printer software is installed",[1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0]],
["Check/replace ink", [1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0]],
["Check for paper jam", [0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0]]
].- Output:
Please answer the questions with YyNn. Printer does not print? y A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? y Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed Check for paper jam
All possible answers/combinations
For debugging purposes it it's nice to be able to print all the possible combinations of answers/solutions.
%
% Go through all combinations of answers
%
go2 =>
PS = power_set([1,2,3]).delete([]).sort(),
println(PS),
conditions(Conditions),
solutions(Solutions),
AllCond = [Cond : [_,Cond] in Conditions],
foreach(P in PS)
println(p=P),
println(conditions=join([Conditions[I].first() : I in P],', ')),
A = [0:_I in 1..Conditions[1,2].length],
foreach(C in [AllCond[I] : I in P])
A := map(\/,A,C)
end,
println(a=A),
println(join(decision_table(Solutions,A),'\n')),
nl
end,
nl.- Output:
(truncated)
p = [1] conditions = Printer does not print a = [1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0] Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Check for paper jam p = [1,2] conditions = Printer does not print, A red light is flashing a = [1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0] Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Check/replace ink Check for paper jam p = [1,2,3] conditions = Printer does not print, A red light is flashing, Printer is unrecognised a = [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0] Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink Check for paper jam ...
PicoLisp
We allow ourselves a luxurious user interface:
(de yes? (Cond)
(out NIL (prin (car Cond) "? "))
(in NIL
(use Reply
(loop
(setq Reply (read))
(T (member Reply '(T Y YES Yes y yes true 1))
T )
(T (member Reply '(NIL N NO No n no false 0)))
(prinl "Please answer 'Yes' or 'No'") ) ) ) )The decision table used in the example:
(de *Conditions
("Printer does not print" T T T T NIL NIL NIL NIL)
("A red light is flashing" T T NIL NIL T T NIL NIL)
("Printer is unrecognised" T NIL T NIL T NIL T NIL) )
(de *Actions
("Check the power cable" NIL NIL T)
("Check the printer-computer cable" T NIL T)
("Ensure printer software is installed" T NIL T NIL T NIL T)
("Check/replace ink" T T NIL NIL T T)
("Check for paper jam" NIL T NIL T) )The decision can be made directly on the condition and action data, without the need to create intermediate tables:
(de decide ()
(let Reply (mapcar yes? *Conditions)
(extract and
(apply pick (append *Conditions *Actions)
'(@
(unless (pick '((Flg) (<> Flg (next))) Reply)
(rest) ) ) )
(mapcar car *Actions) ) ) )Output:
: (decide)
Printer does not print? y
A red light is flashing? y
Printer is unrecognised? n
-> ("Check/replace ink" "Check for paper jam")
: (decide)
Printer does not print? n
A red light is flashing? y
Printer is unrecognised? y
-> ("Ensure printer software is installed" "Check/replace ink")
: (decide)
Printer does not print? n
A red light is flashing? n
Printer is unrecognised? n
-> NIL
Python
'''
Create a Decision table then use it
'''
def dt_creator():
print("\n\nCREATING THE DECISION TABLE\n")
conditions = input("Input conditions, in order, separated by commas: ")
conditions = [c.strip() for c in conditions.split(',')]
print( ("\nThat was %s conditions:\n " % len(conditions))
+ '\n '.join("%i: %s" % x for x in enumerate(conditions, 1)) )
print("\nInput an action, a semicolon, then a list of tuples of rules that trigger it. End with a blank line")
action2rules, action = [], ' '
while action:
action = input("%i: " % (len(action2rules) + 1)).strip()
if action:
name, _, rules = [x.strip() for x in action.partition(';')]
rules = eval(rules)
assert all(len(rule) == len(conditions) for rule in rules), \
"The number of conditions in a rule to trigger this action is wrong"
action2rules.append((name, rules))
actions = [x[0] for x in action2rules]
# Map condition to actions
rule2actions = dict((y,[]) for y in set(sum((x[1] for x in action2rules), [])))
for action, rules in action2rules:
for r in rules:
rule2actions[r].append( action )
return conditions, rule2actions
def dt_user(dt, default=['Pray!']):
conditions, rule2actions = dt
print("\n\nUSING THE DECISION TABLE\n")
rule = tuple(int('y' == input("%s? (Answer y if statement is true or n): " % c)) for c in conditions)
print("Try this:\n " + '\n '.join(rule2actions.get(rule, default)))
if __name__ == '__main__':
dt = dt_creator()
dt_user(dt)
dt_user(dt)
dt_user(dt)
Sample Run
CREATING THE DECISION TABLE Input conditions, in order, separated by commas: Printer does not print, A red light is flashing, Printer is unrecognised That was 3 conditions: 1: Printer does not print 2: A red light is flashing 3: Printer is unrecognised Input an action, a semicolon, then a list of tuples of rules that trigger it. End with a blank line 1: Check the power cable; [(1,0,1)] 2: Check the printer-computer cable; [(1,1,1), (1,0,1)] 3: Ensure printer software is installed; [(1,1,1), (1,0,1), (0,1,1), (0,0,1)] 4: Check/replace ink; [(1,1,1), (1,1,0), (0,1,1), (0,1,0)] 5: Check for paper jam; [(1,1,0), (1,0,0)] 6: USING THE DECISION TABLE Printer does not print? (Answer y if statement is true or n): n A red light is flashing? (Answer y if statement is true or n): y Printer is unrecognised? (Answer y if statement is true or n): y Try this: Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink USING THE DECISION TABLE Printer does not print? (Answer y if statement is true or n): y A red light is flashing? (Answer y if statement is true or n): n Printer is unrecognised? (Answer y if statement is true or n): y Try this: Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed USING THE DECISION TABLE Printer does not print? (Answer y if statement is true or n): n A red light is flashing? (Answer y if statement is true or n): n Printer is unrecognised? (Answer y if statement is true or n): n Try this: Pray!
Quackery
[ say "Check power cable." cr ] is cpc ( --> )
[ say "Check printer-computer cable." cr ] is cpcc ( --> )
[ say "Ensure printer software installed." cr ] is epsi ( --> )
[ say "Check/replace ink." cr ] is cri ( --> )
[ say "Check for paper jam." cr ] is cpj ( --> )
[ say "No problem detected." cr ] is npd ( --> )
[ [ dup $ " (y/n) " join input
dup $ "" = iff drop again ]
nip 0 peek upper char Y = ] is condition ( $ --> b )
[ $ "Does the printer print?"
condition
$ "Is a red light flashing?"
condition
$ "Does the computer recognise the printer?"
condition
1 << | 1 << |
[ table
( n n n ) [ cpc cpcc epsi ]
( y n n ) epsi
( n y n ) [ cpcc epsi cri ]
( y y n ) epsi
( n n y ) cpj
( y n y ) npd
( n y y ) [ cri cpj ]
( y y y ) cri ]
cr do ] is diagnose ( --> )- Output:
As a dialogue in the Quackery shell.
/O> diagnose ... Does the printer print? (y/n) n Is a red light flashing? (y/n) n Does the computer recognise the printer? (y/n) y Check for paper jam.
Racket
This implementation shows off the 2d language. The "Actions" could be a square array of empty and X boxes. I thought it might be fun to merge them.
#lang unstable/2d racket
(define (ask-y/n q)
(printf "~a [y/n]?" q)
(define (get-y/n)
(match (read-line)
[(? eof-object?) eof]
[(regexp #rx"^[yY]") #t]
[(regexp #rx"^[nN]") #f]
[_ (printf "reply yes or no, please:") (get-y/n)]))
(get-y/n))
(define (cells->hash grid)
(for*/hash ((block (in-list grid)) (address (in-list (car block))))
(values address (match (cdr block)
['(N) #f]
['(Y) #t]
['(X) 'X]
[else else]))))
(define (run-decision-table tbl)
(match-define (list '2ddecision_table col-widths row-heights all-cells ...) tbl)
;; after this, the rules without an X are removed
(define full-cells (filter (match-lambda [(list _ _ _ ...) #t] [_ #f]) all-cells))
;; cell addresses are (list column row)
(match-define
(list-no-order
`((,_ ... (1 1) ,_ ...) ,caption ...)
`(((,rules-columns ,_) ...) Rules)
`(((,(app add1 text-columns) ,condition-rows) ...) Conditions)
`(((,_ ,action-rows) ...) Actions)
remaining-cells ...)
full-cells)
(define remaining-cells# (cells->hash remaining-cells))
(define (cell# c r (dflt #f))
(hash-ref remaining-cells# (list c r) dflt))
(define text-column (first text-columns))
(let question-loop ((remain-conds condition-rows) (remain-acts action-rows))
(match remain-conds
[(list) (displayln "I give up... read the manual or something.")]
[(list conds-h conds-t ...)
(match (ask-y/n (string-join (map ~a (cell# text-column conds-h)) " "))
[(? eof-object?) "bye!"]
[y/n-response
(define remain-acts-
(for/list
((action remain-acts)
#:when (for/first
((rule-c (in-list rules-columns))
#:when (eq? (cell# rule-c conds-h) y/n-response) ; matches rule flag
#:when (equal? (cell# rule-c action #f) 'X)) ; has an X
#t))
action))
(match remain-acts-
[(list) (printf "No more actions... no more suggestions from the rules!~%")]
[(list only-action) (printf "Suggested action: ~s~%" (cell# text-column only-action))]
[_ (question-loop conds-t remain-acts-)])])])))
(define printer-troubleshooting-2dtable
'#2ddecision_table
╔═╦════════════╦════════════════════════════════════════════╦═╦═╦═╦═╦═╦═╦═╦═╗
║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║
╠═╬════════════╩════════════════════════════════════════════╬═╩═╩═╩═╩═╩═╩═╩═╣
║ ║ Printer troubleshooter ║ Rules ║
╠═╬════════════╦════════════════════════════════════════════╬═══════╦═══════╣
║ ║ Conditions ║ Printer does not print ║Y ║N ║
╠═╣ ╠════════════════════════════════════════════╣ ╔═══╬═══╗ ║
║ ║ ║ A red light is flashing ║ ║N ║Y ║ ║
╠═╣ ╠════════════════════════════════════════════╣ ╔═╬═╗ ║ ╔═╬═╗ ║
║ ║ ║ Printer is unrecognized ║ ║N║Y║ ║ ║N║Y║ ║
╠═╬════════════╬════════════════════════════════════════════╬═╩═╬═╬═╩═╩═╩═╩═╣
║ ║ Actions ║ Check the power cable ║ ║X║ ║
╠═╣ ╠════════════════════════════════════════════╬═╗ ║ ║ ║
║ ║ ║ Check the printer-computer cable ║X║ ║ ║ ║
╠═╣ ╠════════════════════════════════════════════╣ ║ ║ ║ ╔═╗ ╔═╗ ║
║ ║ ║ Ensure printer software is installed ║ ║ ║ ║ ║X║ ║X║ ║
╠═╣ ╠════════════════════════════════════════════╣ ╚═╬═╝ ║ ╚═╬═╝ ║
║ ║ ║ Check/replace ink ║ ║ ║ ║ ║
╠═╣ ╠════════════════════════════════════════════╬═╗ ║ ╔═╬═══╝ ║
║ ║ ║ Check for paper jam ║ ║ ║ ║X║ ║
╚═╩════════════╩════════════════════════════════════════════╩═╩═╩═╩═╩═══════╝)
(run-decision-table printer-troubleshooting-2dtable)
- Output:
A trial run...
Printer does not print [y/n]?n A red light is flashing [y/n]?y Printer is unrecognized [y/n]?n Suggested action: (Check/replace ink)
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
sub decide (@q, @s) {
my $bit = 2 ** [+] (1,2,4...*) Z* reverse @q.map: {
so prompt(.value ~ "? ") ~~ /:i ^y/;
}
say " $_" for @s.grep(*.key +& $bit)».value || "No clue!";
}
loop {
decide
(
"Y Y Y Y N N N N" => "Printer does not print",
"Y Y N N Y Y N N" => "A red light is flashing",
"Y N Y N Y N Y N" => "Printer is unrecognised",
),
(
:2<0_0_1_0_0_0_0_0> => "Check the power cable",
:2<1_0_1_0_0_0_0_0> => "Check the printer-computer cable",
:2<1_0_1_0_1_0_1_0> => "Ensure printer software is installed",
:2<1_1_0_0_1_1_0_0> => "Check/replace ink",
:2<0_1_0_1_0_0_0_0> => "Check for paper jam",
);
say '';
}
A bit of explanation: we pass in two pair lists for the questions and solutions; we ignore the keys of the questions, since they can be generated by regarding them as a binary counter from right to left, with the least significant bit on the bottom. The @q.map runs the prompts and maps them to booleans using case-insensitive matching. We reverse that list and zip multiply with powers of two to figure out which bit we're going to grep for. (The zip stops on the shorter list, which is always going to be the list of booleans, since the list of powers of two is infinite.) We sum up those powers of two using a [+] reduction metaoperator, which in this case gives us a number from 0 to 7. Then we take 2 to that power.
The solutions list of pairs is conveniently keyed on binary numbers written in colon radix notation, so we grep the keys containing the correct bit, then map the pair list to its values using a hyperoperator to parallelize it. Unlike in Perl 5, we can use || on lists as well as scalars to provide a default result if nothing matches.
- Output:
Printer does not print? n A red light is flashing? y Printer is unrecognised? n Check/replace ink Printer does not print? y A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? y Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed Printer does not print? n A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? n No clue! Printer does not print? ^C
REXX
This REXX example shows how one version of a decision table could be implemented,
There was additional support added to the code for:
- a no solution found message
- a don't care requirement (regarding the decision table)
- a method of specifying requirements and not needing recoding for future queries
- used a minimalistic way in expressing the decision table
- extra prompting when there was a user response error
- handles superfluous blanks and some punctuation.
- displaying of a countdown so user knows length of interrogation
- visual fidelity aids for postmortem analysis (as in logs)
- a method of allowing the user to quit (opt-out of) the interrogation
/*REXX program demonstrates a (query) decision table and possible corrective actions.*/
Q.=; Q.1 = 'Does the printer not print?'
Q.2 = 'Is there a red light flashing on the printer?'
Q.3 = 'Is the printer unrecognized by the software?'
Q.0 = 3 /*the number of questions to be asked. */
action.= /* Y=yes N=no if character isn't a letter = don't care.*/
/* ┌─────◄── answer to 1st question (it can be in upper\lower\mixed case). */
/* │┌────◄── " " 2nd " " " " " " " " " */
/* ││┌───◄── " " 3rd " " " " " " " " " */
/* │││ */
/* ↓↓↓ */
action.1 = 'yny' ; pos.1 = "═════════ Check the power cable."
action.2 = 'y.y' ; pos.2 = "═════════ check the printer-computer cable."
action.3 = '..y' ; pos.3 = "═════════ Ensure printer software is installed."
action.4 = '.y.' ; pos.4 = "═════════ Check/replace ink."
action.5 = 'y.n' ; pos.5 = "═════════ Check for paper jam."
do i=1 while Q.i\==''; ans.i= asker(i) /*display the question, obtain response*/
end /*i*/
say /*display a blank line before questions*/
possible= 0 /*we'll be counting possible solutions.*/
do k=1 while action.k\=='' /*filter the answers via decision table*/
do j=1; d= substr(action.k, j, 1); upper d
jm= j//Q.0; if jm==0 then jm= Q.0
if d==' ' then leave
if \datatype(d, 'U') then iterate
if d\==ans.jm then iterate k
end /*j*/
say pos.k /*this could be a possible solution. */
possible= possible + 1 /*count number of possible solutions. */
end /*k*/
if possible==0 then say '═════════ There are no solutions for the information supplied.'
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
asker: arg ?; oops= 0; Qprefix= copies('─', 9) '(question' ? "of" Q.0') '
howTo = '(You can answer with a Yes or No [or Quit])'
do forever
if oops then do; say; say right(howTo, 79); say; oops= 0
end
say Qprefix Q.?; parse pull x /*ask question (after prompt)*/
x= strip(space(x), , .); parse upper var x u 1 u1 2 /*u1=1st character of answer.*/
if words(x)==0 then iterate /*Nothing entered? Try again.*/
if abbrev('QUIT', u,1) then exit /*user is tired of answering.*/
if (abbrev('YES', u) | abbrev("NO", u)) & words(x)==1 then return u1
say 'invalid response: ' x; oops= 1
end /*forever*/
- output (a screen scraping using a DOS prompt window for some of the possible responses):
(decision.rex is the name of the REXX program that produced this output.)
D:\►rexx decision ───────── (question 1 of 3) Does the printer not print? no ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 2 of 3) Is there a red light flashing on the printer? No ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 3 of 3) Is the printer unrecognized by the software? n ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ═════════ There are no solutions for the information supplied. D:\►rexx decision ───────── (question 1 of 3) Does the printer not print? n ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 2 of 3) Is there a red light flashing on the printer? n ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 3 of 3) Is the printer unrecognized by the software? yes ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ═════════ Ensure printer software is installed. D:\►rexx decision ───────── (question 1 of 3) Does the printer not print? n ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 2 of 3) Is there a red light flashing on the printer? Ye ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 3 of 3) Is the printer unrecognized by the software? n ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ═════════ Check/replace ink. D:\►rexx decision ───────── (question 1 of 3) Does the printer not print? n ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 2 of 3) Is there a red light flashing on the printer? yes. ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 3 of 3) Is the printer unrecognized by the software? yes ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ═════════ Ensure printer software is installed. ═════════ Check/replace ink. D:\►rexx decision ───────── (question 1 of 3) Does the printer not print? y ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 2 of 3) Is there a red light flashing on the printer? no ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 3 of 3) Is the printer unrecognized by the software? no ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ═════════ Check for paper jam. D:\►rexx decision ───────── (question 1 of 3) Does the printer not print? y ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 2 of 3) Is there a red light flashing on the printer? n ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 3 of 3) Is the printer unrecognized by the software? y ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ═════════ Check the power cable. ═════════ check the printer-computer cable. ═════════ Ensure printer software is installed. D:\►rexx decision ───────── (question 1 of 3) Does the printer not print? y ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 2 of 3) Is there a red light flashing on the printer? y ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 3 of 3) Is the printer unrecognized by the software? n ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ═════════ Check/replace ink. ═════════ Check for paper jam. D:\►rexx decision ───────── (question 1 of 3) Does the printer not print? y ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 2 of 3) Is there a red light flashing on the printer? y ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ───────── (question 3 of 3) Is the printer unrecognized by the software? y ◄■■■■■■■■ user input. ═════════ check the printer-computer cable. ═════════ Ensure printer software is installed. ═════════ Check/replace ink. D:\►
Ring
# Project : Decision tables
see "The printer does not print (Y or N) "
give notprinting
see "A red light is upper(flashing) (Y or N) "
give flashing
see "The printer is unrecognized (Y or N) "
give notrecognized
if upper(notprinting) = "Y" and upper(flashing) = "Y" and upper(notrecognized) = "Y"
see "Check the printer-computer cable" + nl
see "Ensure printer software is installed" + nl
see "Check/replace ink"
elseif upper(notprinting) = "Y" and upper(flashing) = "Y" upper(notrecognized) = "N"
see "Check/replace ink" + nl
see "Check for paper jam" + nl
elseif upper(notprinting) = "Y" and upper(flashing) = "N" and upper(notrecognized) = "Y"
see "Check the power cable"
see "Check the printer-computer cable" + nl
see "Ensure printer software is installed" + nl
elseif upper(notprinting) = "Y" and upper(flashing) = "N" and upper(notrecognized) = "N"
see "Check for paper jam" + nl
elseif upper(notprinting) = "N" and upper(flashing) = "Y" and upper(notrecognized) = "Y"
see "Ensure printer software is installed" + nl
see "Check/replace ink" + nl
elseif upper(notprinting) = "N" and upper(flashing) = "Y" and upper(notrecognized) = "N"
see "Check/replace ink" + nl
elseif upper(notprinting) = "N" and upper(flashing) = "N" and upper(notrecognized) = "Y"
see "Ensure printer software is installed" + nl
elseif upper(notprinting) = "N" and upper(flashing) = "N" and upper(notrecognized) = "N"
see "no action found" + nl
else
see "invalid input: " + upper(notprinting) + " " + upper(flashing) + " " + upper(notrecognized) + nl
okOutput:
The printer does not print (Y or N) y A red light is upper(flashing) (Y or N) y The printer is unrecognized (Y or N) y Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink
Ruby
class DecisionTable
def initialize(conditions, actions)
@conditions = conditions
@actions = []
@rules = []
actions.each {|action, ruleset| @actions << action; @rules << ruleset}
end
def run
puts "Conditions:"
index = ask_conditions
puts "Actions:"
results = @rules.each_with_index.inject([]) do |sum, (ruleset, idx)|
sum << @actions[idx] if ruleset[index] == 1
sum
end
results << "PC LOAD LETTER" if results.empty?
results.each {|res| puts " #{res}"}
puts ""
end
private
def ask_conditions
answers = @conditions.inject("") {|sum, c| sum + get_response(c)}
answers.to_i(2)
end
def get_response(prompt)
loop do
print " #{prompt}? "
case STDIN.gets.strip.downcase
when /^y/ then return "0"
when /^n/ then return "1"
end
end
end
end
dt = DecisionTable.new(
[
"Printer does not print", # Y Y Y Y N N N N
"A red light is flashing", # Y Y N N Y Y N N
"Printer is unrecognised", # Y N Y N Y N Y N
],
[
["Check the power cable", [0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0]],
["Check the printer-computer cable", [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0]],
["Ensure printer software is installed", [1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0]],
["Check/replace ink", [1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0]],
["Check for paper jam", [0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0]],
]
)
loop {dt.run}
Example
Conditions: Printer does not print? y A red light is flashing? y Printer is unrecognised? y Actions: Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink Conditions: Printer does not print? y A red light is flashing? y Printer is unrecognised? n Actions: Check/replace ink Check for paper jam Conditions: Printer does not print? y A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? y Actions: Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed Conditions: Printer does not print? y A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? n Actions: Check for paper jam Conditions: Printer does not print? n A red light is flashing? y Printer is unrecognised? y Actions: Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink Conditions: Printer does not print? n A red light is flashing? y Printer is unrecognised? n Actions: Check/replace ink Conditions: Printer does not print? n A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? y Actions: Ensure printer software is installed Conditions: Printer does not print? n A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? n Actions: PC LOAD LETTER
Scala
import java.io.{BufferedReader, InputStreamReader}
import scala.util.control.Breaks
object DecisionTables {
val conditions = List(
("Printer prints", "NNNNYYYY"),
("A red light is flashing", "YYNNYYNN"),
("Printer is recognized by computer", "NYNYNYNY")
)
val actions = List(
("Check the power cable", "NNYNNNNN"),
("Check the printer-computer cable", "YNYNNNNN"),
("Ensure printer software is installed", "YNYNYNYN"),
("Check/replace ink", "YYNNNYNN"),
("Check for paper jam", "NYNYNNNN")
)
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
// var x = (1, 2)
// println(x)
// println(conditions)
// println(actions)
val nc = conditions.size
val na = actions.size
val nr = conditions.head._2.length
val np = 7
val br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in))
println("Please answer the following questions with a y or n:")
val answers = Array.ofDim[Boolean](nc)
for (c <- 0 until nc) {
var input = ""
do {
printf(" %s ? ", conditions(c)._1)
input = br.readLine().toUpperCase
} while (input != "Y" && input != "N")
answers(c) = input == "Y"
}
println("\nRecommended actions(s)")
val Outer = new Breaks
val Inner = new Breaks
Outer.breakable {
for (r <- 0 until nr) {
var outer = true
Inner.breakable {
for (c <- 0 until nc) {
val yn = if (answers(c)) 'Y' else 'N'
if (conditions(c)._2(r) != yn) {
outer = false
Inner.break
}
}
}
if (outer) {
if (r == np) {
println(" None (no problem detected)")
} else {
for (action <- actions) {
if (action._2(r) == 'Y') {
printf(" %s\n", action._1)
}
}
}
Outer.break
}
}
}
}
}
- Output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n: Printer prints ? y A red light is flashing ? y Printer is recognized by computer ? y Recommended actions(s) Check/replace ink
Sidef
func decide (q, s) {
var bits = q.map { |p|
read("#{p.value}? ", String) ~~ /^y/i ? 1 : 0
}
var n = with (0) { |t|
bits.each { |b|
t <<= 1
t |= b
}
1 << t
}
s.grep { .key & n }.map{ .value }.each { |ans|
say " #{ans}"
}
}
loop {
decide(
[
Pair("Y Y Y Y N N N N", "Printer does not print"),
Pair("Y Y N N Y Y N N", "A red light is flashing"),
Pair("Y N Y N Y N Y N", "Printer is unrecognised"),
],
[
Pair(0b0_0_1_0_0_0_0_0, "Check the power cable"),
Pair(0b1_0_1_0_0_0_0_0, "Check the printer-computer cable"),
Pair(0b1_0_1_0_1_0_1_0, "Ensure printer software is installed"),
Pair(0b1_1_0_0_1_1_0_0, "Check/replace ink"),
Pair(0b0_1_0_1_0_0_0_0, "Check for paper jam"),
]
)
say ''
}
- Output:
Printer does not print? y A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? n Check for paper jam Printer does not print? n A red light is flashing? n Printer is unrecognised? y Ensure printer software is installed Printer does not print? y A red light is flashing? y Printer is unrecognised? n Check/replace ink Check for paper jam Printer does not print? n A red light is flashing? y Printer is unrecognised? y Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink Printer does not print? ^C
Tcl
package require TclOO
#http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Keyboard_Input/Obtain_a_Y_or_N_response#Tcl
proc yesno {{message "Press Y or N to continue"}} {
fconfigure stdin -blocking 0
exec stty raw
read stdin ; # flush
puts -nonewline "${message}: "
flush stdout
while {![eof stdin]} {
set c [string tolower [read stdin 1]]
if {$c eq "y" || $c eq "n"} break
}
puts [string toupper $c]
exec stty -raw
fconfigure stdin -blocking 1
return [expr {$c eq "y"}]
}
oo::class create DecisionTable {
variable qlist responses
constructor {questions responseMap} {
set qlist $questions
set responses $responseMap
}
method consult {} {
set idx 0
foreach q $qlist {
set answer [yesno "$q? \[y/n\]"]
set idx [expr {$idx*2 + (1-$answer)}]
}
foreach {msg map} $responses {
# Allow a column to be omitted; magic!
if {"0[lindex $map $idx]"} {
puts $msg
}
}
}
}
Demonstration:
DecisionTable create printerDiagnosisTable {
"Printer does not print"
"A red light is flashing"
"Printer is unrecognised"
} {
"Check the power cable" {0 0 1}
"Check the printer-computer cable" {1 0 1}
"Ensure printer software is installed" {1 0 1 0 1 0 1}
"Check/replace ink" {1 1 0 0 1 1}
"Check for paper jam" {0 1 0 1}
}
printerDiagnosisTable consult
Output:
Printer does not print? [y/n]: N A red light is flashing? [y/n]: Y Printer is unrecognised? [y/n]: Y Ensure printer software is installed Check/replace ink
Wren
import "io" for Stdin, Stdout
import "./str" for Str
var conditions = [
["Printer prints" , "NNNNYYYY"],
["A red light is flashing" , "YYNNYYNN"],
["Printer is recognized by computer", "NYNYNYNY"]
]
var actions = [
["Check the power cable" , "NNYNNNNN"],
["Check the printer-computer cable" , "YNYNNNNN"],
["Ensure printer software is installed", "YNYNYNYN"],
["Check/replace ink" , "YYNNNYNN"],
["Check for paper jam" , "NYNYNNNN"]
]
var nc = conditions.count
var na = actions.count
var nr = conditions[0][1].count // number of rules
var np = 7 // index of 'no problem' rule
System.print("Please answer the following questions with a y or n:")
var answers = List.filled(nc, false)
for (c in 0...nc) {
var input
while (true) {
System.write(" %(conditions[c][0]) ? ")
Stdout.flush()
input = Str.upper(Stdin.readLine())
if (input == "Y" || input == "N") break
}
answers[c] = (input == "Y")
}
System.print("\nRecommended action(s):")
for (r in 0...nr) {
var outer = false
for (c in 0...nc) {
var yn = answers[c] ? "Y" : "N"
if (conditions[c][1][r] != yn) {
outer = true
break
}
}
if (!outer) {
if (r == np) {
System.print(" None (no problem detected)")
} else {
for (a in 0...na) {
if (actions[a][1][r] == "Y") System.print(" %(actions[a][0])")
}
}
break
}
}
- Output:
Sample input/output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n: Printer prints ? n A red light is flashing ? n Printer is recognized by computer ? n Recommended action(s): Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed
XPL0
include xpllib; \for ToUpper, Print
int Conditions, Actions, NC, NA, NR, NP, Answers(3), Input, Outer, YN, R, C, A;
char S;
[Conditions:= [
["Printer prints" , "NNNNYYYY"],
["A red light is flashing" , "YYNNYYNN"],
["Printer is recognized by computer", "NYNYNYNY"]
];
Actions:= [
["Check the power cable" , "NNYNNNNN"],
["Check the printer-computer cable" , "YNYNNNNN"],
["Ensure printer software is installed", "YNYNYNYN"],
["Check/replace ink" , "YYNNNYNN"],
["Check for paper jam" , "NYNYNNNN"]
];
NC:= 3;
NA:= 5;
NR:= 8; \number of rules
NP:= 7; \index of 'no problem' rule
Print("Please answer the following questions with a y or n:\n");
for C:= 0 to NC-1 do
[loop [Print(" %s ? ", Conditions(C,0));
OpenI(0);
Input:= ToUpper(ChIn(0));
if Input = ^Y or Input = ^N then quit;
];
Answers(C):= Input = ^Y;
];
Print("\nRecommended action(s):\n");
for R:= 0 to NR-1 do
[Outer:= false;
for C:= 0 to NC-1 do
[YN:= if Answers(C) then ^Y else ^N;
S:= Conditions(C,1); \to access character bytes not integers
if S(R) # YN then
[Outer:= true;
C:= NC; \break
];
];
if not Outer then
[if R = NP then
Print(" None (no problem detected)\n")
else [for A:= 0 to NA-1 do
[S:= Actions(A,1);
if S(R) = ^Y then
Print(" %s\n", Actions(A,0));
];
];
R:= NR; \break
];
];
]- Output:
Please answer the following questions with a y or n: Printer prints ? n A red light is flashing ? n Printer is recognized by computer ? n Recommended action(s): Check the power cable Check the printer-computer cable Ensure printer software is installed