Bilinear interpolation
Bilinear interpolation is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.
Bilinear interpolation is linear interpolation in 2 dimensions, and is typically used for image scaling and for 2D finite element analysis.
- Task
Open an image file, enlarge it by 60% using bilinear interpolation, then either display the result or save the result to a file.
Action!
In the following solution the input file lena30g.PPM is loaded from H6 drive. Altirra emulator automatically converts CR/LF character from ASCII into 155 character in ATASCII charset used by Atari 8-bit computer when one from H6-H10 hard drive under DOS 2.5 is used.
INCLUDE "H6:REALMATH.ACT"
INCLUDE "H6:LOADPPM5.ACT"
PROC PutBigPixel(INT x,y BYTE col)
IF x>=0 AND x<=79 AND y>=0 AND y<=47 THEN
y==LSH 2
col==RSH 4
IF col<0 THEN col=0
ELSEIF col>15 THEN col=15 FI
Color=col
Plot(x,y)
DrawTo(x,y+3)
FI
RETURN
PROC DrawImage(GrayImage POINTER image INT x,y)
INT i,j
BYTE c
FOR j=0 TO image.gh-1
DO
FOR i=0 TO image.gw-1
DO
c=GetGrayPixel(image,i,j)
PutBigPixel(x+i,y+j,c)
OD
OD
RETURN
PROC Lerp(REAL POINTER s,e,t,res)
REAL tmp1,tmp2
RealSub(e,s,tmp1) ;tmp1=e-s
RealMult(tmp1,t,tmp2) ;tmp2=(e-s)*t
RealAdd(s,tmp2,res) ;res=s+(e-s)*t
RETURN
PROC BilinearInterpolation(GrayImage POINTER src,dst)
INT i,j,x,y,c
REAL mx,my,rx,ry,fx,fy,tmp1,tmp2,tmp3,r00,r01,r10,r11
BYTE c00,c01,c10,c11
IntToReal(src.gw-1,tmp1) ;tmp1=src.width-1
IntToReal(dst.gw,tmp2) ;tmp2=dst.width
RealDiv(tmp1,tmp2,mx) ;mx=(src.width-1)/dst.width
IntToReal(src.gh-1,tmp1) ;tmp1=src.height-1
IntToReal(dst.gh,tmp2) ;tmp2=dst.height
RealDiv(tmp1,tmp2,my) ;my=(src.height-1)/dst.height
FOR j=0 TO dst.gh-1
DO
IntToReal(j,tmp1) ;tmp=j
RealMult(tmp1,my,ry) ;ry=j*my
y=Floor(ry)
IntToReal(y,tmp1) ;tmp1=floor(ry)
RealSub(ry,tmp1,fy) ;fy=frac(ry)
FOR i=0 TO dst.gw-1
DO
IntToReal(i,tmp1) ;tmp=i
RealMult(tmp1,mx,rx) ;rx=i*mx
x=Floor(rx)
IntToReal(x,tmp1) ;tmp1=floor(rx)
RealSub(rx,tmp1,fx) ;fx=frac(rx)
c00=GetGrayPixel(src,x,y)
c01=GetGrayPixel(src,x,y+1)
c10=GetGrayPixel(src,x+1,y)
c11=GetGrayPixel(src,x+1,y+1)
IntToReal(c00,r00)
IntToReal(c01,r01)
IntToReal(c10,r10)
IntToReal(c11,r11)
Lerp(r00,r10,fx,tmp1)
Lerp(r01,r11,fx,tmp2)
Lerp(tmp1,tmp2,fy,tmp3)
c=RealToInt(tmp3)
IF c<0 THEN
c=0
ELSEIF c>255 THEN
c=255
FI
SetGrayPixel(dst,i,j,c)
OD
OD
RETURN
PROC Main()
BYTE CH=$02FC ;Internal hardware value for last key pressed
BYTE ARRAY data30x30(900),data48x48(2304)
GrayImage im30x30,im48x48
Put(125) PutE() ;clear the screen
MathInit()
InitGrayImage(im30x30,30,30,data30x30)
InitGrayImage(im48x48,48,48,data48x48)
PrintE("Loading source image...")
LoadPPM5(im30x30,"H6:LENA30G.PPM")
PrintE("Bilinear interpolation...")
BilinearInterpolation(im30x30,im48x48)
Graphics(9)
DrawImage(im30x30,0,0)
DrawImage(im48x48,32,0)
DO UNTIL CH#$FF OD
CH=$FF
RETURN- Output:
Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer
C
#include <stdint.h>
typedef struct {
uint32_t *pixels;
unsigned int w;
unsigned int h;
} image_t;
#define getByte(value, n) (value >> (n*8) & 0xFF)
uint32_t getpixel(image_t *image, unsigned int x, unsigned int y){
return image->pixels[(y*image->w)+x];
}
float max(float a, float b) { return (a < b) ? a : b; };
float lerp(float s, float e, float t){return s+(e-s)*t;}
float blerp(float c00, float c10, float c01, float c11, float tx, float ty){
return lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty);
}
void putpixel(image_t *image, unsigned int x, unsigned int y, uint32_t color){
image->pixels[(y*image->w) + x] = color;
}
void scale(image_t *src, image_t *dst, float scalex, float scaley){
int newWidth = (int)src->w*scalex;
int newHeight= (int)src->h*scaley;
int x, y;
for(x= 0, y=0; y < newHeight; x++){
if(x > newWidth){
x = 0; y++;
}
//float gx = x / (float)(newWidth) * (src->w - 1);
//float gy = y / (float)(newHeight) * (src->h - 1);
// Image should be clamped at the edges and not scaled.
float gx = max(x / (float)(newWidth) * (src->w) - 0.5f, src->w - 1);
float gy = max(y / (float)(newHeight) * (src->h) - 0.5, src->h - 1);
int gxi = (int)gx;
int gyi = (int)gy;
uint32_t result=0;
uint32_t c00 = getpixel(src, gxi, gyi);
uint32_t c10 = getpixel(src, gxi+1, gyi);
uint32_t c01 = getpixel(src, gxi, gyi+1);
uint32_t c11 = getpixel(src, gxi+1, gyi+1);
uint8_t i;
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++){
//((uint8_t*)&result)[i] = blerp( ((uint8_t*)&c00)[i], ((uint8_t*)&c10)[i], ((uint8_t*)&c01)[i], ((uint8_t*)&c11)[i], gxi - gx, gyi - gy); // this is shady
result |= (uint8_t)blerp(getByte(c00, i), getByte(c10, i), getByte(c01, i), getByte(c11, i), gx - gxi, gy -gyi) << (8*i);
}
putpixel(dst,x, y, result);
}
}
C#
Seems to have some artifacting in the output, but the image is at least recognizable.
using System;
using System.Drawing;
namespace BilinearInterpolation {
class Program {
private static float Lerp(float s, float e, float t) {
return s + (e - s) * t;
}
private static float Blerp(float c00, float c10, float c01, float c11, float tx, float ty) {
return Lerp(Lerp(c00, c10, tx), Lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty);
}
private static Image Scale(Bitmap self, float scaleX, float scaleY) {
int newWidth = (int)(self.Width * scaleX);
int newHeight = (int)(self.Height * scaleY);
Bitmap newImage = new Bitmap(newWidth, newHeight, self.PixelFormat);
for (int x = 0; x < newWidth; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < newHeight; y++) {
float gx = ((float)x) / newWidth * (self.Width - 1);
float gy = ((float)y) / newHeight * (self.Height - 1);
int gxi = (int)gx;
int gyi = (int)gy;
Color c00 = self.GetPixel(gxi, gyi);
Color c10 = self.GetPixel(gxi + 1, gyi);
Color c01 = self.GetPixel(gxi, gyi + 1);
Color c11 = self.GetPixel(gxi + 1, gyi + 1);
int red = (int)Blerp(c00.R, c10.R, c01.R, c11.R, gx - gxi, gy - gyi);
int green = (int)Blerp(c00.G, c10.G, c01.G, c11.G, gx - gxi, gy - gyi);
int blue = (int)Blerp(c00.B, c10.B, c01.B, c11.B, gx - gxi, gy - gyi);
Color rgb = Color.FromArgb(red, green, blue);
newImage.SetPixel(x, y, rgb);
}
}
return newImage;
}
static void Main(string[] args) {
Image newImage = Image.FromFile("Lenna100.jpg");
if (newImage is Bitmap oi) {
Image result = Scale(oi, 1.6f, 1.6f);
result.Save("Lenna100_larger.jpg");
} else {
Console.WriteLine("Could not open the source file.");
}
}
}
}
D
This uses the module from the Grayscale Image task.
import grayscale_image;
/// Currently this accepts only a Grayscale image, for simplicity.
Image!Gray rescaleGray(in Image!Gray src, in float scaleX, in float scaleY)
pure nothrow @safe
in {
assert(src !is null, "Input Image is null.");
assert(src.nx > 1 && src.ny > 1, "Minimal input image size is 2x2.");
assert(cast(uint)(src.nx * scaleX) > 0, "Output image width must be > 0.");
assert(cast(uint)(src.ny * scaleY) > 0, "Output image height must be > 0.");
} body {
alias FP = float;
static FP lerp(in FP s, in FP e, in FP t) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
return s + (e - s) * t;
}
static FP blerp(in FP c00, in FP c10, in FP c01, in FP c11,
in FP tx, in FP ty) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
return lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty);
}
immutable newWidth = cast(uint)(src.nx * scaleX);
immutable newHeight = cast(uint)(src.ny * scaleY);
auto result = new Image!Gray(newWidth, newHeight, true);
foreach (immutable y; 0 .. newHeight)
foreach (immutable x; 0 .. newWidth) {
immutable FP gx = x / FP(newWidth) * (src.nx - 1);
immutable FP gy = y / FP(newHeight) * (src.ny - 1);
immutable gxi = cast(uint)gx;
immutable gyi = cast(uint)gy;
immutable c00 = src[gxi, gyi ];
immutable c10 = src[gxi + 1, gyi ];
immutable c01 = src[gxi, gyi + 1];
immutable c11 = src[gxi + 1, gyi + 1];
immutable pixel = blerp(c00, c10, c01, c11, gx - gxi, gy - gyi);
result[x, y] = Gray(cast(ubyte)pixel);
}
return result;
}
void main() {
const im = loadPGM!Gray(null, "lena.pgm");
im.rescaleGray(0.3, 0.1).savePGM("lena_smaller.pgm");
im.rescaleGray(1.3, 1.8).savePGM("lena_larger.pgm");
}
F#
open System
open System.Drawing
let lerp (s:float) (e:float) (t:float) =
s + (e - s) * t
let blerp c00 c10 c01 c11 tx ty =
lerp (lerp c00 c10 tx) (lerp c01 c11 tx) ty
let scale (self:Bitmap) (scaleX:float) (scaleY:float) =
let newWidth = int ((float self.Width) * scaleX)
let newHeight = int ((float self.Height) * scaleY)
let newImage = new Bitmap(newWidth, newHeight, self.PixelFormat)
for x in 0..newWidth-1 do
for y in 0..newHeight-1 do
let gx = (float x) / (float newWidth) * (float (self.Width - 1))
let gy = (float y) / (float newHeight) * (float (self.Height - 1))
let gxi = int gx
let gyi = int gy
let c00 = self.GetPixel(gxi, gyi)
let c10 = self.GetPixel(gxi + 1, gyi)
let c01 = self.GetPixel(gxi, gyi + 1)
let c11 = self.GetPixel(gxi + 1, gyi + 1)
let red = int (blerp (float c00.R) (float c10.R) (float c01.R) (float c11.R) (gx - (float gxi)) (gy - (float gyi)))
let green = int (blerp (float c00.G) (float c10.G) (float c01.G) (float c11.G) (gx - (float gxi)) (gy - (float gyi)))
let blue = int (blerp (float c00.B) (float c10.B) (float c01.B) (float c11.B) (gx - (float gxi)) (gy - (float gyi)))
let rgb = Color.FromArgb(red, green, blue)
newImage.SetPixel(x, y, rgb)
newImage
// Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/2362114
let castAs<'T when 'T : null> (o:obj) =
match o with
| :? 'T as res -> res
| _ -> Unchecked.defaultof<'T>
[<EntryPoint>]
let main _ =
let newImage = Image.FromFile("Lenna100.jpg")
let oi = castAs<Bitmap>(newImage)
if oi = null then
Console.WriteLine("Could not open the source file.")
else
let result = scale oi 1.6 1.6
result.Save("Lenna100_larger.jpg")
0 // return an integer exit code
FreeBASIC
Function readPPM(nombre As String, Byref ancho As Integer, Byref alto As Integer, image() As Ubyte) As Boolean
Dim As Integer ff
Dim As String t, dcol
If nombre = "" Then
Print "No PPM file name indicated."
Return False
End If
ff = Freefile
Open nombre For Binary As #ff
If Err Then
Print "File "; nombre; " not found."
Return False
End If
Line Input #ff, t
If t <> "P6" Then
Print "File is NOT PPM P6 type."
Close #ff
Return False
End If
Do
Line Input #ff, t
Loop While Left(t, 1) = "#"
Dim As Integer posic = 1
While Mid(t, posic, 1) = " "
posic += 1
Wend
ancho = Val(Mid(t, posic))
While Mid(t, posic, 1) <> " "
posic += 1
Wend
While Mid(t, posic, 1) = " "
posic += 1
Wend
alto = Val(Mid(t, posic))
Line Input #ff, dcol
Redim image(0 To ancho * alto * 3 - 1)
Get #ff, , image()
Close #ff
Return True
End Function
#define lerp(s, e, t) s + (e - s) * t
Function blerp(c00 As Single, c10 As Single, c01 As Single, c11 As Single, tx As Single, ty As Single) As Single
Return lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty)
End Function
Sub scale(image() As Ubyte, ancho As Integer, alto As Integer, scaleX As Single, scaleY As Single, result() As Ubyte)
Dim As Integer newAncho = Int(ancho * scaleX)
Dim As Integer newAlto = Int(alto * scaleY)
Redim result(0 To newAncho * newAlto * 3 - 1)
Dim As Integer x, y, k, gx, gy, gxi, gyi
Dim As Single gxf, gyf
Dim As Ubyte c00, c10, c01, c11
For y = 0 To newAlto - 1
For x = 0 To newAncho - 1
gx = x * (ancho - 1) / newAncho
gy = y * (alto - 1) / newAlto
gxi = Int(gx)
gyi = Int(gy)
gxf = gx - gxi
gyf = gy - gyi
For k = 0 To 2
c00 = image((gyi * ancho + gxi) * 3 + k)
c10 = image((gyi * ancho + gxi + 1) * 3 + k)
c01 = image(((gyi + 1) * ancho + gxi) * 3 + k)
c11 = image(((gyi + 1) * ancho + gxi + 1) * 3 + k)
result((y * newAncho + x) * 3 + k) = Int(blerp(c00, c10, c01, c11, gxf, gyf))
Next k
Next x
Next y
End Sub
Dim As Integer ancho, alto
Dim image() As Ubyte
If readPPM("lena.ppm", ancho, alto, image()) Then
Dim result() As Ubyte
scale(image(), ancho, alto, 1.6, 1.6, result())
Dim newAncho As Integer = Int(ancho * 1.6)
Dim newAlto As Integer = Int(alto * 1.6)
Screenres newAncho, newAlto, 32
Windowtitle ("Bilinear interpolation")
For y As Integer = 0 To newAlto - 1
For x As Integer = 0 To newAncho - 1
Pset (x, y), Rgb(result((y * newAncho + x) * 3), result((y * newAncho + x) * 3 + 1), result((y * newAncho + x) * 3 + 2))
Next x
Next y
Else
Print "Error loading PPM file."
End If
Sleep
Go
(and also just using
draw.BiLinear
from the golang.org/x/image/draw pacakge).
package main
import (
"image"
"image/color"
"image/jpeg"
"log"
"math"
"os"
"golang.org/x/image/draw"
)
func scale(dst draw.Image, src image.Image) {
sr := src.Bounds()
dr := dst.Bounds()
mx := float64(sr.Dx()-1) / float64(dr.Dx())
my := float64(sr.Dy()-1) / float64(dr.Dy())
for x := dr.Min.X; x < dr.Max.X; x++ {
for y := dr.Min.Y; y < dr.Max.Y; y++ {
gx, tx := math.Modf(float64(x) * mx)
gy, ty := math.Modf(float64(y) * my)
srcX, srcY := int(gx), int(gy)
r00, g00, b00, a00 := src.At(srcX, srcY).RGBA()
r10, g10, b10, a10 := src.At(srcX+1, srcY).RGBA()
r01, g01, b01, a01 := src.At(srcX, srcY+1).RGBA()
r11, g11, b11, a11 := src.At(srcX+1, srcY+1).RGBA()
result := color.RGBA64{
R: blerp(r00, r10, r01, r11, tx, ty),
G: blerp(g00, g10, g01, g11, tx, ty),
B: blerp(b00, b10, b01, b11, tx, ty),
A: blerp(a00, a10, a01, a11, tx, ty),
}
dst.Set(x, y, result)
}
}
}
func lerp(s, e, t float64) float64 { return s + (e-s)*t }
func blerp(c00, c10, c01, c11 uint32, tx, ty float64) uint16 {
return uint16(lerp(
lerp(float64(c00), float64(c10), tx),
lerp(float64(c01), float64(c11), tx),
ty,
))
}
func main() {
src, err := readImage("Lenna100.jpg")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
sr := src.Bounds()
dr := image.Rect(0, 0, sr.Dx()*16/10, sr.Dy()*16/10)
dst := image.NewRGBA(dr)
// Using the above bilinear interpolation code:
scale(dst, src)
err = writeJPEG(dst, "Lenna100_larger.jpg")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// Using the golang.org/x/image/draw package
// (which also provides other iterpolators).
draw.BiLinear.Scale(dst, dr, src, sr, draw.Src, nil)
err = writeJPEG(dst, "Lenna100_larger.draw.jpg")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
func readImage(filename string) (image.Image, error) {
f, err := os.Open(filename)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer f.Close() // nolint: errcheck
m, _, err := image.Decode(f)
return m, err
}
func writeJPEG(m image.Image, filename string) error {
f, err := os.Create(filename)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = jpeg.Encode(f, m, nil)
if cerr := f.Close(); err == nil {
err = cerr
}
return err
}
J
Note 'FEA'
Here we develop a general method to generate isoparametric interpolants.
The interpolant is the dot product of the four shape function values evaluated
at the coordinates within the element with the known values at the nodes.
The sum of four shape functions of two variables (xi, eta) is 1 at each of four nodes.
Let the base element have nodal coordinates (xi, eta) of +/-1.
2 3 (1,1)
+---------------+
| |
| |
| (0,0) |
| * |
| |
| |
| |
+---------------+
0 1
determine f0(xi,eta), ..., f3(xi,eta).
f0(-1,-1) = 1, f0(all other corners) is 0.
f1( 1,-1) = 1, f1(all other corners) is 0.
...
Choose a shape function.
Use shape functions C0 + C1*xi + C2*eta + C3*xi*eta .
Given (xi,eta) as the vector y form a vector of the
coefficients of the constants (1, xi, eta, and their product)
shape_function =: 1 , {. , {: , */
CORNERS NB. are the ordered coordinates of the corners
_1 _1
1 _1
_1 1
1 1
(=i.4) NB. rows of the identity matrix are the values of each shape functions at each corner
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
(=i.4x) %. shape_function"1 x: CORNERS NB. Compute the values of the constants as rational numbers.
1r4 1r4 1r4 1r4
_1r4 1r4 _1r4 1r4
_1r4 _1r4 1r4 1r4
1r4 _1r4 _1r4 1r4
This method extends to higher order interpolants having more nodes or to other dimensions.
)
mp =: +/ .* NB. matrix product
CORNERS =: 21 A.-.+:#:i.4
shape_function =: 1 , ] , */
COEFFICIENTS =: (=i.4) %. shape_function"1 CORNERS
shape_functions =: COEFFICIENTS mp~ shape_function
interpolate =: mp shape_functions
Note 'demonstrate the interpolant with a saddle' lower left has value 1, lower right: 2 upper left: 2.2 upper right: 0.7 ) require'viewmat' GRID =: |.,~"0/~(%~i:)100 SADDLE =: 1 2 2.2 0.7 interpolate"_ 1 GRID viewmat SADDLE assert 0.7 2.2 -: (<./ , >./) , SADDLE
File:J bilinear interpolant.jpg
Let n mean shape function, C mean constants, i mean interpolant, and the three digits meaning dimensionality, number of corners, and (in base 36) the number of nodes we construct various linear and quadratic interpolants in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions as
Note 'Some elemental information'
Node order
1D:
0 2 1
2D:
2 7 3
5 8 6 Node 8 at origin, Node 3 at (1,1)
0 4 1
Names for shape functions and constants:
n249: n means shape function, 2 dimensions, 4 corners (quadrilateral), 9 nodes
C244: C constants for 2 dimensions, 4 corners (quadrilateral), 4 nodes
3D
At z = _1 z = 1 z = 0
2 b 3 6 j 7 e o f
9 k a h p i m q n
0 8 1 4 g 5 c l d
)
mp =: ($: |:) : (+/ .*) NB. A Atranspose : matrix product A B
identity =: =@:i. NB. generate identity matrix
NB. 1D
NB. master nodes
N1 =: ,._1 1 0x
NB. form of shape functions
n122 =: 1 , ]
n123 =: [: , ^/&(i.3)
NB. constants
C122 =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. n122"1)2{.N1
C123 =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. n123"1)3{.N1
NB. interpolants
i122 =: mp (C122 mp~ n122)
i123 =: mp (C123 mp~ n123)
NB. 2D
NB. nodes are arranged 4&{. are the corners, 8&{. the corners and edges, ] include the center.
N2 =: 336330 A.-.3x#.inv i.*:3 NB. 336330 (-: A.) 8 2 6 0 5 7 1 3 4
NB. terms of shape functions
n244 =: [: , [: *// ^/&(i.2) NB. all linear combinations
n248 =: }:@:n249 NB. exclude (xi eta)^2
n249 =: [: , [: *// ^/&(i.3) NB. all quadratic combinations
NB. constants
C244 =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. n244"1)4{.N2 NB. serendipity
C248 =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. n248"1)8{.N2 NB. serendipity
C249 =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. n249"1)9{.N2 NB. non-serendipity
NB. interpolants
i244 =: mp (C244 mp~ n244)
i248 =: mp (C248 mp~ n248)
i249 =: mp (C249 mp~ n249)
NB. 3D
N3 =: 267337661061030402017459663x A.<:3#.inv i.3^3 NB. 267337661061030402017459663x (-: A.) 0 18 6 24 2 20 8 26 9 3 21 15 1 19 7 25 11 5 23 17 12 10 4 22 16 14 13
NB. corners
n388 =: [: , [: *// 1 , ] NB. all linear combinations
Note 'simplification not yet apparent to me'
combinations =: 4 : 0
if. x e. 0 1 do. z=.<((x!y),x)$ i.y
else. t=. |.(<.@-:)^:(i.<. 2^.x)x
z=.({.t) ([:(,.&.><@;\.)/ >:@-~[\i.@]) ({.t)+y-x
for_j. 2[\t do.
z=.([ ;@:(<"1@[ (,"1 ({.j)+])&.> ])&.> <@;\.({&.><)~ (1+({.j)-~{:"1)&.>) z
if. 2|{:j do. z=.(i.1+y-x)(,.>:)&.> <@;\.z end.
end.
end.
;z
NB.)
n38k =: 1 , ] , */"1@:((2 combinations 3)&{) , *: , (1&, * */) , ,@:(*:@:|. (*"0 1) (2 combinations 3)&{) NB. include mid-edge nodes
)
n38q =: }:@:n38r NB. include mid-face nodes, all quadratic combinations but (xyz)^2
n38r =: [: , [: *// ^/&(i.3) NB. now this is simple! 3*3*3 nodal grid.
C388 =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. n388"1)8{.N3
NB.C38k =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. n38k"1)36bk{.N3
C38q =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. x:@:n38q"1)36bq{.N3
C38r =: x:inv@:(x:@:identity@:# %. x:@:n38r"1)36br{.N3
i388 =: mp (C388 mp~ n388)
NB.i38k =: mp (C38k mp~ n38k)
i38q =: mp (C38r mp~ n38r)
i38r =: mp (C38r mp~ n38r)
Java
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class BilinearInterpolation {
/* gets the 'n'th byte of a 4-byte integer */
private static int get(int self, int n) {
return (self >> (n * 8)) & 0xFF;
}
private static float lerp(float s, float e, float t) {
return s + (e - s) * t;
}
private static float blerp(final Float c00, float c10, float c01, float c11, float tx, float ty) {
return lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty);
}
private static BufferedImage scale(BufferedImage self, float scaleX, float scaleY) {
int newWidth = (int) (self.getWidth() * scaleX);
int newHeight = (int) (self.getHeight() * scaleY);
BufferedImage newImage = new BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, self.getType());
for (int x = 0; x < newWidth; ++x) {
for (int y = 0; y < newHeight; ++y) {
float gx = ((float) x) / newWidth * (self.getWidth() - 1);
float gy = ((float) y) / newHeight * (self.getHeight() - 1);
int gxi = (int) gx;
int gyi = (int) gy;
int rgb = 0;
int c00 = self.getRGB(gxi, gyi);
int c10 = self.getRGB(gxi + 1, gyi);
int c01 = self.getRGB(gxi, gyi + 1);
int c11 = self.getRGB(gxi + 1, gyi + 1);
for (int i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) {
float b00 = get(c00, i);
float b10 = get(c10, i);
float b01 = get(c01, i);
float b11 = get(c11, i);
int ble = ((int) blerp(b00, b10, b01, b11, gx - gxi, gy - gyi)) << (8 * i);
rgb = rgb | ble;
}
newImage.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
}
}
return newImage;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
File lenna = new File("Lenna100.jpg");
BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(lenna);
BufferedImage image2 = scale(image, 1.6f, 1.6f);
File lenna2 = new File("Lenna100_larger.jpg");
ImageIO.write(image2, "jpg", lenna2);
}
}
Julia
using Images, FileIO, Interpolations
function enlarge(A::Matrix, factor::AbstractFloat)
lx, ly = size(A)
nx, ny = round.(Int, factor .* (lx, ly))
vx, vy = LinRange(1, lx, nx), LinRange(1, ly, ny)
itp = interpolate(A, BSpline(Linear()))
return itp(vx, vy)
end
A = load("data/lenna100.jpg") |> Matrix{RGB{Float64}};
Alarge = enlarge(A, 1.6);
save("data/lennaenlarged.jpg", Alarge)
Kotlin
// version 1.2.21
import java.io.File
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
import javax.imageio.ImageIO
/* gets the 'n'th byte of a 4-byte integer */
operator fun Int.get(n: Int) = (this shr (n * 8)) and 0xFF
fun lerp(s: Float, e: Float, t: Float) = s + (e - s) * t
fun blerp(c00: Float, c10: Float, c01: Float, c11: Float, tx: Float, ty: Float) =
lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01,c11, tx), ty)
fun BufferedImage.scale(scaleX: Float, scaleY: Float): BufferedImage {
val newWidth = (width * scaleX).toInt()
val newHeight = (height * scaleY).toInt()
val newImage = BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, type)
for (x in 0 until newWidth) {
for (y in 0 until newHeight) {
val gx = x.toFloat() / newWidth * (width - 1)
val gy = y.toFloat() / newHeight * (height - 1)
val gxi = gx.toInt()
val gyi = gy.toInt()
var rgb = 0
val c00 = getRGB(gxi, gyi)
val c10 = getRGB(gxi + 1, gyi)
val c01 = getRGB(gxi, gyi + 1)
val c11 = getRGB(gxi + 1, gyi + 1)
for (i in 0..2) {
val b00 = c00[i].toFloat()
val b10 = c10[i].toFloat()
val b01 = c01[i].toFloat()
val b11 = c11[i].toFloat()
val ble = blerp(b00, b10, b01, b11, gx - gxi, gy - gyi).toInt() shl (8 * i)
rgb = rgb or ble
}
newImage.setRGB(x, y, rgb)
}
}
return newImage
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val lenna = File("Lenna100.jpg") // from the Percentage difference between images task
val image = ImageIO.read(lenna)
val image2 = image.scale(1.6f, 1.6f)
val lenna2 = File("Lenna100_larger.jpg")
ImageIO.write(image2, "jpg", lenna2)
}
Mathematica /Wolfram Language
ImageResize[Import["http://www.rosettacode.org/mw/title.png"], Scaled[1.6], Resampling -> "Linear"]
- Output:
Shows a downloaded image that is 60% enlarged.
Nim
import imageman
func lerp(s, e, t: float): float =
s + (e - s) * t
func blerp(c00, c10, c01, c11, tx, ty: float): float =
lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty)
func scale(img: Image; scaleX, scaleY: float): Image =
let newWidth = (img.width.toFloat * scaleX).toInt
let newHeight = (img.height.toFloat * scaleY).toInt
result = initImage[ColorRGBU](newWidth, newHeight)
for x in 0..<newWidth:
for y in 0..<newHeight:
let gx = x * (img.width - 1) / newWidth
let gy = y * (img.height - 1) / newHeight
let gxi = gx.int
let gyi = gy.int
let gxf = gx - float(gxi)
let gyf = gy - float(gyi)
let c00 = img[gxi, gyi]
let c10 = img[gxi + 1, gyi]
let c01 = img[gxi, gyi + 1]
let c11 = img[gxi + 1, gyi + 1]
let red = blerp(float(c00[0]), float(c10[0]), float(c01[0]), float(c11[0]), gxf, gyf).toInt
let green = blerp(float(c00[1]), float(c10[1]), float(c01[1]), float(c11[1]), gxf, gyf).toInt
let blue = blerp(float(c00[2]), float(c10[2]), float(c01[2]), float(c11[2]), gxf, gyf).toInt
result[x, y] = ColorRGBU([byte(red), byte(green), byte(blue)])
when isMainModule:
let image = loadImage[ColorRGBU]("Lenna100.jpg")
let newImage = image.scale(1.6, 1.6)
newImage.saveJPEG("Lenna100_bilinear.jpg")
Perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use GD;
my $image = GD::Image->newFromPng('color_wheel.png');
$image->interpolationMethod( ['GD_BILINEAR_FIXED'] );
my($width,$height) = $image->getBounds();
my $image2 = $image->copyScaleInterpolated( 1.6*$width, 1.6*$height );
$image2->_file('color_wheel_interpolated.png');
Compare offsite images: color_wheel.png vs. color_wheel_interpolated.png
Phix
Gui app with slider for between 2 and 200% scaling. Various bits of this code scavenged from C#/Go/Kotlin/Wikipedia.
-- demo\rosetta\Bilinear_interpolation.exw
include pGUI.e
function interpolate(atom s, e, f)
--
-- s,e are the start and end values (one original pixel apart),
-- f is a fraction of some point between them, 0(==s)..1(==e).
-- eg s=91 (f=0.2) e=101, we want 0.8 of the 91 + 0.2 of 101,
-- aka if f is 4 times closer to s than e, we want 4 times as
-- much of s as we want of e, with sum(fractions_taken)==1.
--
return s + (e-s)*f -- aka s*(1-f) + e*f
end function
function bilinear(integer c00, c10, c01, c11, atom fx, fy)
--
-- for some output pixel, we have calculated the exact point
-- on the original, and extracted the four pixels surrounding
-- that, with fx,fy as the fractional x,y part of the 1x1 box.
-- Like a capital H, we want some fraction on the left and the
-- same on the right, then some fraction along the horizontal.
-- It would be equivalent to do top/bottom then the vertical,
-- which is handy since I am no longer certain which of those
-- the following actually does, especially since we got the
-- pixels from original[y,x] rather than original[x,y], and
-- imImage and IupImage have {0,0} in different corners - but
-- the output looks pretty good, and I think you would easily
-- notice were this even slightly wrong, and in fact an early
-- accidental typo of r10/r01 indeed proved very evident.
--
atom left = interpolate(c00,c10,fx),
right = interpolate(c01,c11,fx)
return floor(interpolate(left,right,fy))
end function
function scale_image(imImage img, atom scaleX, scaleY)
integer width = im_width(img),
height = im_height(img),
new_width = floor(width * scaleX)-1,
new_height = floor(height * scaleY)-1
atom mx = (width-1)/new_width,
my = (height-1)/new_height
sequence original = repeat(repeat(0,width),height)
sequence new_image = repeat(repeat(0,new_width),new_height)
-- Extract the original pixels from the image [about
-- twice as fast as 4*im_pixel() in the main loop.]
for y=height-1 to 0 by -1 do
for x=0 to width-1 do
original[height-y,x+1] = im_pixel(img, x, y)
end for
end for
for x=0 to new_width-1 do
for y=0 to new_height-1 do
atom ax = x*mx, -- map onto original
ay = y*my
integer ix = floor(ax), -- top left
iy = floor(ay)
ax -= ix -- fraction of the 1x1 box
ay -= iy
integer {r00,g00,b00} = original[iy+1,ix+1],
{r10,g10,b10} = original[iy+1,ix+2],
{r01,g01,b01} = original[iy+2,ix+1],
{r11,g11,b11} = original[iy+2,ix+2],
r = bilinear(r00,r10,r01,r11,ax,ay),
g = bilinear(g00,g10,g01,g11,ax,ay),
b = bilinear(b00,b10,b01,b11,ax,ay)
new_image[y+1,x+1] = {r,g,b}
end for
end for
new_image = flatten(new_image) -- (as needed by IupImageRGB)
Ihandle new_img = IupImageRGB(new_width, new_height, new_image)
return new_img
end function
IupOpen()
constant w = machine_word()
atom pError = allocate(w)
imImage im1 = imFileImageLoadBitmap("Lena.ppm",0,pError)
if im1=NULL then
?{"error opening image",peekNS(pError,w,1)}
{} = wait_key()
abort(0)
end if
Ihandle dlg,
scale = IupValuator(NULL,"MIN=2,MAX=200,VALUE=160"),
redraw = IupButton("redraw (160%)")
Ihandln image1 = IupImageFromImImage(im1),
image2 = scale_image(im1,1.6,1.6),
label1 = IupLabel(),
label2 = IupLabel()
IupSetAttributeHandle(label1, "IMAGE", image1)
IupSetAttributeHandle(label2, "IMAGE", image2)
function valuechanged_cb(Ihandle /*scale*/)
atom v = IupGetDouble(scale,"VALUE")
IupSetStrAttribute(redraw,"TITLE","redraw (%d%%)",{v})
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
IupSetCallback(scale,"VALUECHANGED_CB",Icallback("valuechanged_cb"))
function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*redraw*/)
IupSetAttributeHandle(label2, "IMAGE", NULL)
image2 = IupDestroy(image2)
atom v = IupGetDouble(scale,"VALUE")/100
image2 = scale_image(im1,v,v)
IupSetAttributeHandle(label2, "IMAGE", image2)
IupSetAttribute(dlg,"SIZE",NULL)
IupRefresh(dlg)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
IupSetCallback(redraw,"ACTION",Icallback("redraw_cb"))
dlg = IupDialog(IupVbox({IupHbox({scale, redraw}),
IupHbox({label1, label2})}))
IupSetAttribute(dlg, "TITLE", "Bilinear interpolation")
IupShow(dlg)
IupMainLoop()
IupClose()
Python
Of course, it is much faster to use PIL, Pillow or SciPy to resize an image than to rely on this code.
#!/bin/python
import numpy as np
from scipy.misc import imread, imshow
from scipy import ndimage
def GetBilinearPixel(imArr, posX, posY):
out = []
#Get integer and fractional parts of numbers
modXi = int(posX)
modYi = int(posY)
modXf = posX - modXi
modYf = posY - modYi
modXiPlusOneLim = min(modXi+1,imArr.shape[1]-1)
modYiPlusOneLim = min(modYi+1,imArr.shape[0]-1)
#Get pixels in four corners
for chan in range(imArr.shape[2]):
bl = imArr[modYi, modXi, chan]
br = imArr[modYi, modXiPlusOneLim, chan]
tl = imArr[modYiPlusOneLim, modXi, chan]
tr = imArr[modYiPlusOneLim, modXiPlusOneLim, chan]
#Calculate interpolation
b = modXf * br + (1. - modXf) * bl
t = modXf * tr + (1. - modXf) * tl
pxf = modYf * t + (1. - modYf) * b
out.append(int(pxf+0.5))
return out
if __name__=="__main__":
im = imread("test.jpg", mode="RGB")
enlargedShape = list(map(int, [im.shape[0]*1.6, im.shape[1]*1.6, im.shape[2]]))
enlargedImg = np.empty(enlargedShape, dtype=np.uint8)
rowScale = float(im.shape[0]) / float(enlargedImg.shape[0])
colScale = float(im.shape[1]) / float(enlargedImg.shape[1])
for r in range(enlargedImg.shape[0]):
for c in range(enlargedImg.shape[1]):
orir = r * rowScale #Find position in original image
oric = c * colScale
enlargedImg[r, c] = GetBilinearPixel(im, oric, orir)
imshow(enlargedImg)
Racket
This mimics the Wikipedia example.
#lang racket
(require images/flomap)
(define fm
(draw-flomap
(λ (dc)
(define (pixel x y color)
(send dc set-pen color 1 'solid)
(send dc draw-point (+ x .5) (+ y 0.5)))
(send dc set-alpha 1)
(pixel 0 0 "blue")
(pixel 0 1 "red")
(pixel 1 0 "red")
(pixel 1 1 "green"))
2 2))
(flomap->bitmap
(build-flomap
4 250 250
(λ (k x y)
(flomap-bilinear-ref
fm k (+ 1/2 (/ x 250)) (+ 1/2 (/ y 250))))))
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
#!/usr/bin/env perl6
use v6;
use GD::Raw;
# Reference:
# https://github.com/dagurval/perl6-gd-raw
my $fh1 = fopen('./Lenna100.jpg', "rb") or die;
my $img1 = gdImageCreateFromJpeg($fh1);
my $fh2 = fopen('./Lenna100-larger.jpg',"wb") or die;
my $img1X = gdImageSX($img1);
my $img1Y = gdImageSY($img1);
my $NewX = $img1X * 1.6;
my $NewY = $img1Y * 1.6;
gdImageSetInterpolationMethod($img1, +GD_BILINEAR_FIXED);
my $img2 = gdImageScale($img1, $NewX.ceiling, $NewY.ceiling);
gdImageJpeg($img2,$fh2,-1);
gdImageDestroy($img1);
gdImageDestroy($img2);
fclose($fh1);
fclose($fh2);
- Output:
file Lenna100* Lenna100.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, resolution (DPI), density 72x72, segment length 16, baseline, precision 8, 512x512, frames 3 Lenna100-larger.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, resolution (DPI), density 96x96, segment length 16, comment: "CREATOR: gd-jpeg v1.0 (using IJG JPEG v80), default quality", baseline, precision 8, 820x820, frames 3
Scala
Imperative solution
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
import java.io.{File, IOException}
import javax.imageio.ImageIO
object BilinearInterpolation {
@throws[IOException]
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val lenna = new File("Lenna100.jpg")
val image = ImageIO.read(lenna)
val image2 = scale(image, 1.6f, 1.6f)
val lenna2 = new File("Lenna100_larger.jpg")
ImageIO.write(image2, "jpg", lenna2)
}
private def scale(self: BufferedImage, scaleX: Float, scaleY: Float) = {
val newWidth = (self.getWidth * scaleX).toInt
val newHeight = (self.getHeight * scaleY).toInt
val newImage = new BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, self.getType)
var x = 0
while (x < newWidth) {
var y = 0
while (y < newHeight) {
val gx = x.toFloat / newWidth * (self.getWidth - 1)
val gy = y.toFloat / newHeight * (self.getHeight - 1)
val gxi = gx.toInt
val gyi = gy.toInt
var rgb = 0
val c00 = self.getRGB(gxi, gyi)
val c10 = self.getRGB(gxi + 1, gyi)
val c01 = self.getRGB(gxi, gyi + 1)
val c11 = self.getRGB(gxi + 1, gyi + 1)
var i = 0
while (i <= 2) {
val b00 = get(c00, i)
val b10 = get(c10, i)
val b01 = get(c01, i)
val b11 = get(c11, i)
val ble = blerp(b00, b10, b01, b11, gx - gxi, gy - gyi).toInt << (8 * i)
rgb = rgb | ble
i += 1
}
newImage.setRGB(x, y, rgb)
y += 1
}
x += 1
}
newImage
}
/* gets the 'n'th byte of a 4-byte integer */
private def get(self: Int, n: Int) = (self >> (n * 8)) & 0xFF
private def blerp(c00: Float, c10: Float, c01: Float, c11: Float, tx: Float, ty: Float) = lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty)
private def lerp(s: Float, e: Float, t: Float) = s + (e - s) * t
}
Sidef
require('Imager')
func scale(img, scaleX, scaleY) {
var (width, height) = (img.getwidth, img.getheight)
var (newWidth, newHeight) = (int(width*scaleX), int(height*scaleY))
var out = %O<Imager>.new(xsize => newWidth, ysize => newHeight)
var lerp = { |s, e, t|
s + t*(e-s)
}
var blerp = { |c00, c10, c01, c11, tx, ty|
lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty)
}
for x,y in (^newWidth ~X ^newHeight) {
var gxf = (x/newWidth * (width - 1))
var gyf = (y/newHeight * (height - 1))
var gx = gxf.int
var gy = gyf.int
var *c00 = img.getpixel(x => gx, y => gy ).rgba
var *c10 = img.getpixel(x => gx+1, y => gy ).rgba
var *c01 = img.getpixel(x => gx, y => gy+1).rgba
var *c11 = img.getpixel(x => gx+1, y => gy+1).rgba
var rgb = 3.of { |i|
blerp(c00[i], c10[i], c01[i], c11[i], gxf - gx, gyf - gy).int
}
out.setpixel(x => x, y => y, color => rgb)
}
return out
}
var img = %O<Imager>.new(file => "input.png")
var out = scale(img, 1.6, 1.6)
out.write(file => "output.png")
Tcl
This uses the polynomial expansion described in wikipedia, and draws the same example as illustrated in that page with a different pallette. It's not particularly fast - about 300ms for a 200x200 surface on an arbitrary machine.
The script below will show the computed image in a GUI frame, and present a button to save it.
package require Tk
proc pixel {f} {
if {$f < 0} {
error "why is $f?"
}
set i [expr {0xff & entier(0xff*$f)}]
format #%02x%02x%02x $i [expr {255-$i}] 127
}
proc bilerp {im O X Y XY} {
set w [image width $im]
set h [image height $im]
set dx [expr {1.0/$w}]
set dy [expr {1.0/$h}]
set a0 $O
set a1 [expr {$X - $O}]
set a2 [expr {$Y - $O}]
set a3 [expr {$O + $XY - ($X + $Y)}]
for {set y 0} {$y < $h} {incr y} {
for {set x 0} {$x < $w} {incr x} {
set i [expr {$x * $dx}]
set j [expr {$y * $dy}]
set xv [expr {$a0 + $a1*$i + $a2*$j + $a3*$i*$j}]
set y [expr {$h - $y}] ;# invert for screen coords
$im put [pixel $xv] -to $x $y
}
}
}
proc save {im} {
set fn [tk_getSaveFile -defaultextension png]
if {$fn eq ""} return
set fd [open $fn wb]
puts -nonewline $fd [$im data -format png]
close $fd
tk_messageBox -message "Saved as $fn!"
}
set im [image create photo -width 200 -height 200]
puts [time {bilerp $im 0 1 1 0.5} 1]
pack [label .l1 -image $im]
pack [button .b -text "save" -command [list save $im]]
Visual Basic .NET
Imports System.Drawing
Module Module1
Function Lerp(s As Single, e As Single, t As Single) As Single
Return s + (e - s) * t
End Function
Function Blerp(c00 As Single, c10 As Single, c01 As Single, c11 As Single, tx As Single, ty As Single) As Single
Return Lerp(Lerp(c00, c10, tx), Lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty)
End Function
Function Scale(self As Bitmap, scaleX As Single, scaleY As Single) As Image
Dim newWidth = CInt(Math.Floor(self.Width * scaleX))
Dim newHeight = CInt(Math.Floor(self.Height * scaleY))
Dim newImage As New Bitmap(newWidth, newHeight, self.PixelFormat)
For x = 0 To newWidth - 1
For y = 0 To newHeight - 1
Dim gx = CSng(x) / newWidth * (self.Width - 1)
Dim gy = CSng(y) / newHeight * (self.Height - 1)
Dim gxi = CInt(Math.Floor(gx))
Dim gyi = CInt(Math.Floor(gy))
Dim c00 = self.GetPixel(gxi, gyi)
Dim c10 = self.GetPixel(gxi + 1, gyi)
Dim c01 = self.GetPixel(gxi, gyi + 1)
Dim c11 = self.GetPixel(gxi + 1, gyi + 1)
Dim red = CInt(Blerp(c00.R, c10.R, c01.R, c11.R, gx - gxi, gy - gyi))
Dim green = CInt(Blerp(c00.G, c10.G, c01.G, c11.G, gx - gxi, gy - gyi))
Dim blue = CInt(Blerp(c00.B, c10.B, c01.B, c11.B, gx - gxi, gy - gyi))
Dim rgb = Color.FromArgb(red, green, blue)
newImage.SetPixel(x, y, rgb)
Next
Next
Return newImage
End Function
Sub Main()
Dim newImage = Image.FromFile("Lenna100.jpg")
If TypeOf newImage Is Bitmap Then
Dim oi As Bitmap = newImage
Dim result = Scale(oi, 1.6, 1.6)
result.Save("Lenna100_larger.jpg")
Else
Console.WriteLine("Could not open the source file.")
End If
End Sub
End Module
Wren
Note that currently DOME's ImageData class can only save files to disk in .png format.
import "dome" for Window
import "graphics" for Canvas, Color, ImageData
import "math" for Math
/* gets the 'n'th byte of a 4-byte integer */
var GetByte = Fn.new { |i, n| (i >> (n * 8)) & 0xff }
var Blerp = Fn.new { |c00, c10, c01, c11, tx, ty|
return Math.lerp(Math.lerp(c00, tx, c10), ty, Math.lerp(c01, tx, c11))
}
var ColorToInt = Fn.new { |c| (c.r) + (c.g << 8) + (c.b << 16) + (c.a << 24) }
class BilinearInterpolation {
construct new(filename, filename2, scaleX, scaleY) {
Window.title = "Bilinear interpolation"
_img = ImageData.load(filename)
var newWidth = (_img.width * scaleX).floor
var newHeight = (_img.height * scaleY).floor
Window.resize(newWidth, newHeight)
Canvas.resize(newWidth, newHeight)
_img2 = ImageData.create(filename2, newWidth, newHeight)
_filename2 = filename2
}
init() {
scaleImage()
}
scaleImage() {
for (x in 0..._img2.width) {
for (y in 0..._img2.height) {
var gx = x / _img2.width * (_img.width - 1)
var gy = y / _img2.height * (_img.height - 1)
var gxi = gx.floor
var gyi = gy.floor
var rgb = 0
var c00 = _img.pget(gxi, gyi)
var c10 = _img.pget(gxi+1, gyi)
var c01 = _img.pget(gxi, gyi+1)
var c11 = _img.pget(gxi+1, gyi+1)
for (i in 0..3) {
var b00 = GetByte.call(ColorToInt.call(c00), i)
var b10 = GetByte.call(ColorToInt.call(c10), i)
var b01 = GetByte.call(ColorToInt.call(c01), i)
var b11 = GetByte.call(ColorToInt.call(c11), i)
var ble = Blerp.call(b00, b10, b01, b11, gx-gxi, gy-gyi).floor << (8 * i)
rgb = rgb | ble
}
var r = GetByte.call(rgb, 0)
var g = GetByte.call(rgb, 1)
var b = GetByte.call(rgb, 2)
var a = GetByte.call(rgb, 3)
_img2.pset(x, y, Color.rgb(r, g, b, a))
}
}
_img2.draw(0, 0)
_img2.saveToFile(_filename2)
}
update() {}
draw(alpha) {}
}
var Game = BilinearInterpolation.new("Lenna100.jpg", "Lenna100_larger.png", 1.6, 1.6)
Yabasic
// Rosetta Code problem: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation
// Adapted from Nim to Yabasic by Galileo, 01/2022
import ReadFromPPM2
sub lerp(s, e, t)
return s + (e - s) * t
end sub
sub blerp(c00, c10, c01, c11, tx, ty)
return lerp(lerp(c00, c10, tx), lerp(c01, c11, tx), ty)
end sub
sub scale(scaleX, scaleY)
local width, height, x, y, gx, gy, gxi, gyi, gxf, gyf, c00$, c10$, c01$, c11$
width = peek("winwidth")
height = peek("winheight")
let newWidth = int(width * scaleX)
let newHeight = int(height * scaleY)
dim result(newWidth, newHeight, 3)
for x = 1 to newWidth
for y = 1 to newHeight:
let gx = x * (width - 1) / newWidth
let gy = y * (height - 1) / newHeight
let gxi = int(gx)
let gyi = int(gy)
let gxf = gx - gxi
let gyf = gy - gyi
let c00$ = right$(getbit$(gxi, gyi, gxi, gyi), 6)
let c10$ = right$(getbit$(gxi + 1, gyi, gxi + 1, gyi), 6)
let c01$ = right$(getbit$(gxi, gyi + 1, gxi, gyi + 1), 6)
let c11$ = right$(getbit$(gxi + 1, gyi + 1, gxi + 1, gyi + 1), 6)
result(x, y, 1) = int(blerp(dec(left$(c00$, 2)), dec(left$(c10$, 2)), dec(left$(c01$, 2)), dec(left$(c11$, 2)), gxf, gyf))
result(x, y, 2) = int(blerp(dec(mid$(c00$, 3, 2)), dec(mid$(c10$, 3, 2)), dec(mid$(c01$, 3, 2)), dec(mid$(c11$, 3, 2)), gxf, gyf))
result(x, y, 3) = int(blerp(dec(right$(c00$, 2)), dec(right$(c10$, 2)), dec(right$(c01$, 2)), dec(right$(c11$, 2)), gxf, gyf))
next
next
end sub
readPPM("lena.ppm")
print "Be patient, please ..."
scale(1.6, 1.6)
close window
open window newWidth, newHeight
for x = 1 to newWidth
for y = 1 to newHeight
color result(x, y, 1), result(x, y, 2), result(x, y, 3)
dot x, y
next
nextzkl
Uses the PPM class from http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm#zkl.
Not fast enough to be called slow.
fcn lerp(s,e,t){ s + (e-s)*t; }
fcn blerp(c00,c10,c01,c11, tx,ty){ lerp(lerp(c00,c10,tx), lerp(c01,c11,tx),ty) }
fcn scale(src, scaleX,scaleY){
newWidth,newHeight := Int(scaleX*src.w), Int(scaleY*src.h);
dst:=PPM(newWidth,newHeight);
foreach y,x in ([0.0..newHeight-1],[0.0..newWidth-1]){
gx:=x/newWidth *(src.w-1);
gy:=y/newHeight *(src.h-1);
gxi,gyi:=Int(gx), Int(gy);
// cxy=RGB, cxy.toBigEndian(3)-->(R,G,B)
c00,c10 := src[gxi,gyi].toBigEndian(3), src[gxi+1,gyi].toBigEndian(3);
c01 := src[gxi,gyi+1] .toBigEndian(3);
c11 := src[gxi+1,gyi+1].toBigEndian(3);
dst[x,y] = (3).pump(Data(), // Data is a byte bucket
'wrap(i){ blerp(c00[i],c10[i],c01[i],c11[i], gx-gxi, gy-gyi) })
.toBigEndian(0,3);
}
dst
}img:=PPM.readPPMFile("lena.ppm");
img2:=scale(img,1.5,1.5);
img2.write(File("lena1.5.ppm","wb"));
scale(img,0.5,0.5).write(File("lena.5.ppm","wb"));- Output:
