Sum of primes in odd positions is prime: Difference between revisions
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<br>Let '''p(i)''' be a sequence of prime numbers. |
<br>Let '''p(i)''' be a sequence of prime numbers. such that 2=p(1), 3=p(2), 5=p(3), ... |
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<br>Consider the '''p(1),p(3),p(5), ... ,p(i)''', for each '''p(i) < 1,000''' and '''i''' is odd. |
<br>Consider the '''p(1),p(3),p(5), ... ,p(i)''', for each '''p(i) < 1,000''' and '''i''' is odd. |
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<br>Let '''sum''' be |
<br>Let '''sum''' be any [[wikipedia:Prefix_sum|prefix sum]] of these primesa. |
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<br>If '''sum''' is prime then print '''i''', '''p(i)''' and '''sum'''. |
<br>If '''sum''' is prime then print '''i''', '''p(i)''' and '''sum'''. |
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Revision as of 20:23, 31 January 2023
Sum of primes in odd positions is prime is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.
- Task
Let p(i) be a sequence of prime numbers. such that 2=p(1), 3=p(2), 5=p(3), ...
Consider the p(1),p(3),p(5), ... ,p(i), for each p(i) < 1,000 and i is odd.
Let sum be any prefix sum of these primesa.
If sum is prime then print i, p(i) and sum.
11l
F is_prime(n)
I n == 2
R 1B
I n < 2 | n % 2 == 0
R 0B
L(i) (3 .. Int(sqrt(n))).step(2)
I n % i == 0
R 0B
R 1B
print(‘ i p(i) sum’)
V idx = 0
V s = 0
V p = 1
L p < 1000
p++
I is_prime(p)
idx++
I idx % 2 != 0
s += p
I is_prime(s)
print(f:‘{idx:3} {p:3} {s:5}’)
- Output:
i p(i) sum 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
Action!
INCLUDE "D2:PRINTF.ACT" ;from the Action! Tool Kit
BYTE FUNC IsPrime(CARD x)
CARD i,max
i=2 max=x/2
WHILE i<=max
DO
IF x MOD i=0 THEN
RETURN (0)
FI
i==+1
OD
RETURN (1)
PROC Main()
CARD x,count,sum
CHAR ARRAY s(6)
Put(125) PutE() ;clear the screen
PrintF("%3S%5S%6S%E","i","p(i)","sum")
count=0 sum=0
FOR x=2 TO 999
DO
IF IsPrime(x) THEN
count==+1
IF (count&1)=1 THEN
sum==+x
IF IsPrime(sum) THEN
StrC(count,s) PrintF("%3S",s)
StrC(x,s) PrintF("%5S",s)
StrC(sum,s) PrintF("%6S%E",s)
FI
FI
FI
OD
RETURN
- Output:
Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer
i p(i) sum 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # find primes (up to 999) p(i) for odd i such that the sum of primes p(j), j = 1, 3, 5, ..., i is prime #
PR read "primes.incl.a68" PR
INT max prime = 999;
[]BOOL prime = PRIMESIEVE 50 000; # guess that the max sum will be <= 50 000 #
[]INT low prime = EXTRACTPRIMESUPTO max prime FROMPRIMESIEVE prime; # get a list of primes up to max prime #
# find the sums of the odd primes and test for primality #
print( ( " i p[i] sum", newline ) );
INT odd prime sum := 0;
FOR i BY 2 TO UPB low prime DO
IF odd prime sum +:= low prime[ i ];
IF odd prime sum <= UPB prime
THEN
prime[ odd prime sum ]
ELSE
print( ( "Need more primes: ", whole( odd prime sum, 0 ), newline ) );
FALSE
FI
THEN
print( ( whole( i, -3 ), " ", whole( low prime[ i ], -4 ), " ", whole( odd prime sum, -6 ), newline ) )
FI
OD
END
- Output:
i p[i] sum 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
AWK
# syntax: GAWK -f SUM_OF_PRIMES_IN_ODD_POSITIONS_IS_PRIME.AWK
# converted from Ring
BEGIN {
print(" i p sum")
print("------ ------ ------")
start = 2
stop = 999
for (i=start; i<=stop; i++) {
if (is_prime(i)) {
if (++nr % 2 == 1) {
sum += i
if (is_prime(sum)) {
count++
printf("%6d %6d %6d\n",nr,i,sum)
}
}
}
}
printf("Odd indexed primes %d-%d: %d\n",start,stop,count)
exit(0)
}
function is_prime(x, i) {
if (x <= 1) {
return(0)
}
for (i=2; i<=int(sqrt(x)); i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
return(0)
}
}
return(1)
}
- Output:
i p sum ------ ------ ------ 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879 Odd indexed primes 2-999: 11
C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int isprime( int p ) {
int i;
if(p==2) return 1;
if(!(p%2)) return 0;
for(i=3; i*i<=p; i+=2) {
if(!(p%i)) return 0;
}
return 1;
}
int main( void ) {
int s=0, p, i=1;
for(p=2;p<=999;p++) {
if(isprime(p)) {
if(i%2) {
s+=p;
if(isprime(s)) printf( "%d %d %d\n", i, p, s );
}
i+=1;
}
}
return 0;
}
F#
This task uses Extensible Prime Generator (F#)
// Sum of primes in odd positions is prime. Nigel Galloway: November 9th., 2021
primes32()|>Seq.chunkBySize 2|>Seq.mapi(fun n g->(2*n+1,g.[0]))|>Seq.scan(fun(n,i,g)(e,l)->(e,l,g+l))(0,0,0)|>Seq.takeWhile(fun(_,n,_)->n<1000)|>Seq.filter(fun(_,_,n)->isPrime n)|>Seq.iter(fun(n,g,l)->printfn $"i=%3d{n} p[i]=%3d{g} sum=%5d{l}")
- Output:
i= 1 p[i]= 2 sum= 2 i= 3 p[i]= 5 sum= 7 i= 11 p[i]= 31 sum= 89 i= 27 p[i]=103 sum= 659 i= 35 p[i]=149 sum= 1181 i= 67 p[i]=331 sum= 5021 i= 91 p[i]=467 sum= 9923 i= 95 p[i]=499 sum=10909 i= 99 p[i]=523 sum=11941 i=119 p[i]=653 sum=17959 i=143 p[i]=823 sum=26879
Factor
USING: assocs assocs.extras kernel math.primes math.statistics
prettyprint sequences.extras ;
1000 primes-upto <evens> dup cum-sum zip [ prime? ] filter-values .
- Output:
{ { 2 2 } { 5 7 } { 31 89 } { 103 659 } { 149 1181 } { 331 5021 } { 467 9923 } { 499 10909 } { 523 11941 } { 653 17959 } { 823 26879 } }
Fermat
s:=0;
for ii=0 to 83 do oi:=1+2*ii;s:=s+Prime(oi);if Isprime(s)=1 then !!(oi, Prime(oi), s) fi od;
FreeBASIC
#include "isprime.bas"
dim as uinteger i = 1, p, sum = 0
for p = 2 to 999
if isprime(p) then
if i mod 2 = 1 then
sum += p
if isprime(sum) then print i, p, sum
end if
i = i + 1
end if
next p
Go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"rcu"
)
func main() {
primes := rcu.Primes(999)
sum := 0
fmt.Println(" i p[i] Σp[i]")
fmt.Println("----------------")
for i := 0; i < len(primes); i += 2 {
sum += primes[i]
if rcu.IsPrime(sum) {
fmt.Printf("%3d %3d %6s\n", i+1, primes[i], rcu.Commatize(sum))
}
}
}
- Output:
i p[i] Σp[i] ---------------- 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1,181 67 331 5,021 91 467 9,923 95 499 10,909 99 523 11,941 119 653 17,959 143 823 26,879
GW-BASIC
10 S = 2
20 A = 1
30 PRINT 1, 2, 2
40 FOR P = 3 TO 999 STEP 2
50 GOSUB 90
60 IF Q=1 THEN GOSUB 190
70 NEXT P
80 END
90 Q=0
100 IF P=3 THEN Q=1:RETURN
110 IF P = 2 THEN Q = 1: RETURN
120 IF INT(P/2)*2= P THEN Q = 0: RETURN
130 I=1
140 I=I+2
150 IF INT(P/I)*I = P THEN RETURN
160 IF I*I<=P THEN GOTO 140
170 Q = 1
180 RETURN
190 A = A + 1
200 IF A MOD 2 = 0 THEN RETURN
210 S = S + P
220 T = P
230 P = S
240 GOSUB 90
250 IF Q = 1 THEN PRINT A, T, S
260 P = T
270 RETURN
jq
Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq See e.g. Erdős-primes#jq for a suitable implementation of `is_prime`.
def lpad($len): tostring | ($len - length) as $l | (" " * $l)[:$l] + .;
def task:
[2, (range(3;1000;2)|select(is_prime))]
| [.[range(0;length;2)]]
| . as $oddPositionPrimes
| foreach range(0; length) as $i ({i: -1};
.i += 2
| .sum += $oddPositionPrimes[$i];
select(.sum|is_prime)
| "\(.i|lpad(3)) \($oddPositionPrimes[$i]|lpad(3)) \(.sum|lpad(5))" ) ;
" i p[$i] sum", task
- Output:
i p[$i] sum 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
Julia
using Primes
p = primes(1000)
arr = filter(n -> isprime(n[2]), accumulate((x, y) -> (y, x[2] + y), p[1:2:length(p)], init = (0, 0)))
println(join(arr, "\n"))
- Output:
(2, 2) (5, 7) (31, 89) (103, 659) (149, 1181) (331, 5021) (467, 9923) (499, 10909) (523, 11941) (653, 17959) (823, 26879)
Mathematica /Wolfram Language
p = Prime[Range[1, PrimePi[1000], 2]];
p = {p, Accumulate[p]} // Transpose;
Select[p, Last /* PrimeQ]
- Output:
{{2,2},{5,7},{31,89},{103,659},{149,1181},{331,5021},{467,9923},{499,10909},{523,11941},{653,17959},{823,26879}}
Nim
import strformat
template isOdd(n: Natural): bool = (n and 1) != 0
template isEven(n: Natural): bool = (n and 1) == 0
func isPrime(n: Positive): bool =
if n == 1: return false
if n.isEven: return n == 2
if n mod 3 == 0: return n == 3
var d = 5
while d * d <= n:
if n mod d == 0: return false
inc d, 2
if n mod d == 0: return false
inc d, 4
result = true
# Compute the sums of primes at odd position.
echo " i p(i) sum"
var idx = 0
var sum = 0
var p = 1
while p < 1000:
inc p
if p.isPrime:
inc idx
if idx.isOdd:
inc sum, p
if sum.isPrime:
echo &"{idx:3} {p:3} {sum:5}"
- Output:
i p(i) sum 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
PARI-GP
sm=0;for(ii=0, 83, oi=1+2*ii;sm=sm+prime(oi);if(isprime(sm),print(oi," ", prime(oi)," ",sm)))
- Output:
1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
Perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use ntheory 'is_prime';
my $c;
my @odd = grep { 0 != ++$c % 2 } grep { is_prime $_ } 2 .. 999;
my @sums = $odd[0];
push @sums, $sums[-1] + $_ for @odd[1..$#odd];
$c = 1;
for (0..$#sums) {
printf "%6d%6d%6d\n", $c, $odd[$_], $sums[$_] if is_prime $sums[$_];
$c += 2;
}
- Output:
1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
Phix
with javascript_semantics sequence primes = get_primes_le(1000) integer total = 0 printf(1," i p sum\n") printf(1,"----------------\n") for i=1 to length(primes) by 2 do total += primes[i] if is_prime(total) then printf(1,"%3d %3d %,6d\n", {i, primes[i], total}) end if end for
- Output:
i p sum ---------------- 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1,181 67 331 5,021 91 467 9,923 95 499 10,909 99 523 11,941 119 653 17,959 143 823 26,879
Raku
my @odd = grep { ++$ !%% 2 }, grep &is-prime, 2 ..^ 1000;
my @sums = [\+] @odd;
say .fmt('%5d') for grep { .[2].is-prime }, ( (1,3…*) Z @odd Z @sums );
- Output:
1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
REXX
/*REXX pgm shows a prime index, the prime, & sum of odd indexed primes when sum is prime*/
parse arg hi . /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/
if hi=='' | hi=="," then hi= 1000 /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/
call genP /*build array of semaphores for primes.*/
title= 'odd indexed primes the sum of the odd indexed primes'
say ' index │'center(title, 65)
say '───────┼'center("" , 65, '─')
found= 0 /*initialize # of odd indexed primes···*/
$= 0 /*sum of odd indexed primes (so far). */
do j=1 by 2; p= @.j; if p>hi then leave /*find odd indexed primes, sum = prime.*/
$= $ + p /*add this odd index prime to the sum. */
if \!.$ then iterate /*This sum not prime? Then skip it. */
found= found + 1 /*bump the number of solutions found. */
say center(j, 7)'│' right( commas(p), 13) right( commas($), 33)
end /*j*/
say '───────┴'center("" , 65, '─')
say
say 'Found ' commas(found) ' 'subword(title, 1, 3)
exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
commas: parse arg ?; do jc=length(?)-3 to 1 by -3; ?=insert(',', ?, jc); end; return ?
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
genP: @.1=2; @.2=3; @.3=5; @.4=7; @.5=11 /*define some low primes. */
!.=0; !.2=1; !.3=1; !.5=1; !.7=1; !.11=1 /* " " " " semaphores. */
#=5; sq.#= @.# ** 2 /*number of primes so far; prime². */
do j=@.#+2 by 2 to hi*33; parse var j '' -1 _ /*obtain the last decimal dig.*/
if _==5 then iterate; if j//3==0 then iterate; if j//7==0 then iterate
do k=5 while sq.k<=j /* [↓] divide by the known odd primes.*/
if j // @.k == 0 then iterate j /*Is J ÷ X? Then not prime. ___ */
end /*k*/ /* [↑] only process numbers ≤ √ J */
#= #+1; @.#= j; sq.#= j*j; !.j= 1 /*bump # of Ps; assign next P; P²; P# */
end /*j*/; return
- output when using the default inputs:
index │ odd indexed primes the sum of the odd indexed primes ───────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1 │ 2 2 3 │ 5 7 11 │ 31 89 27 │ 103 659 35 │ 149 1,181 67 │ 331 5,021 91 │ 467 9,923 95 │ 499 10,909 99 │ 523 11,941 119 │ 653 17,959 143 │ 823 26,879 ───────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Found 11 odd indexed primes
Ring
load "stdlib.ring"
see "working..." + nl
see "i p sum" + nl
nr = 0
sum = 0
limit = 1000
for n = 2 to limit
if isprime(n)
nr++
if nr%2 = 1
sum += n
if isprime(sum)
see "" + nr + " " + n + " " + sum + nl
ok
ok
ok
next
see "done..." + nl
- Output:
working... i p sum 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879 done...
Ruby
require 'prime'
sum = 0
Prime.each(1000).with_index(1).each_slice(2) do |(odd_i, i),(_)|
puts "%6d%6d%6d" % [i, odd_i, sum] if (sum += odd_i).prime?
end
- Output:
1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
Sidef
var sum = 0
1e3.primes.each_kv {|k,v|
if (k+1 -> is_odd) {
sum += v
say "#{k+1} #{v} #{sum}" if sum.is_prime
}
}
- Output:
1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
Tiny BASIC
LET I = 0
LET S = 0
LET P = 1
10 LET P = P + 1
LET X = P
GOSUB 100
IF Z = 1 THEN LET I = I + 1
IF Z = 0 THEN GOTO 20
IF (I/2)*2<>I THEN GOSUB 200
20 IF P<917 THEN GOTO 10 REM need to cheat a little to avoid overflow
END
100 REM is X a prime? Z=1 for yes, 0 for no
LET Z = 1
IF X = 3 THEN RETURN
IF X = 2 THEN RETURN
LET A = 1
110 LET A = A + 1
IF (X/A)*A = X THEN GOTO 120
IF A*A<=X THEN GOTO 110
RETURN
120 LET Z = 0
RETURN
200 LET S = S + P
LET X = S
GOSUB 100
IF Z = 1 THEN PRINT I," ", P," ", S
RETURN
- Output:
1 2 23 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879
Wren
import "/math" for Int
import "/trait" for Indexed
import "/fmt" for Fmt
var primes = Int.primeSieve(999)
var sum = 0
System.print(" i p[i] Σp[i]")
System.print("----------------")
for (se in Indexed.new(primes, 2)) {
sum = sum + se.value
if (Int.isPrime(sum)) Fmt.print("$3d $3d $,6d", se.index + 1, se.value, sum)
}
- Output:
i p[i] Σp[i] ---------------- 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1,181 67 331 5,021 91 467 9,923 95 499 10,909 99 523 11,941 119 653 17,959 143 823 26,879
XPL0
func IsPrime(N); \Return 'true' if N is a prime number
int N, I;
[if N <= 1 then return false;
for I:= 2 to sqrt(N) do
if rem(N/I) = 0 then return false;
return true;
];
int I, Sum, N;
[Text(0, "p(n) sum^m^j");
Sum:= 0; I:= 0;
for N:= 2 to 1000-1 do
[if IsPrime(N) then
[I:= I+1;
if I&1 then \odd
[Sum:= Sum + N;
if IsPrime(Sum) then
[IntOut(0, N); ChOut(0, ^ ); IntOut(0, Sum); CrLf(0)];
];
];
];
]
- Output:
p(n) sum 2 2 5 7 31 89 103 659 149 1181 331 5021 467 9923 499 10909 523 11941 653 17959 823 26879
Yabasic
// Rosetta Code problem: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_primes_in_odd_positions_is_prime
// by Galileo, 04/2022
sub isPrime(n)
local i
if n < 4 return n >= 2
for i = 2 to sqrt(n)
if not mod(n, i) return false
next
return true
end sub
print "i\tp(n)\tsum\n----\t-----\t------"
for n = 1 to 1000
if isPrime(n) then
i = i + 1
if mod(i, 2) then
sum = sum + n
if isPrime(sum) print i, "\t", n, "\t", sum
end if
end if
next
- Output:
i p(n) sum ---- ----- ------ 1 2 2 3 5 7 11 31 89 27 103 659 35 149 1181 67 331 5021 91 467 9923 95 499 10909 99 523 11941 119 653 17959 143 823 26879 ---Program done, press RETURN---