Parsing/RPN to infix conversion
< Parsing
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- Task
Create a program that takes an RPN representation of an expression formatted as a space separated sequence of tokens and generates the equivalent expression in infix notation.
- Assume an input of a correct, space separated, string of tokens
- Generate a space separated output string representing the same expression in infix notation
- Show how the major datastructure of your algorithm changes with each new token parsed.
- Test with the following input RPN strings then print and display the output here.
RPN input sample output 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 31 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )
- Operator precedence and operator associativity is given in this table:
operator precedence associativity operation ^ 4 right exponentiation * 3 left multiplication / 3 left division + 2 left addition - 2 left subtraction
- See also
- Parsing/Shunting-yard algorithm for a method of generating an RPN from an infix expression.
- Parsing/RPN calculator algorithm for a method of calculating a final value from this output RPN expression.
- Postfix to infix from the RubyQuiz site.
11l
-V ops = ‘-+/*^’
F postfix_to_infix(postfix)
T Expression
String op, ex
prec = 3
F (String e1, e2 = ‘’, o = ‘’)
I o == ‘’
.ex = e1
E
.ex = e1‘ ’o‘ ’e2
.op = o
.prec = :ops.index(o) I/ 2
F String()
R .ex
[Expression] expr
L(token) postfix.split(re:‘\s+’)
V c = token[0]
V? idx = :ops.find(c)
I idx != N
V r = expr.pop()
V l = expr.pop()
V opPrec = idx I/ 2
I l.prec < opPrec | (l.prec == opPrec & c == ‘^’)
l.ex = ‘(’l.ex‘)’
I r.prec < opPrec | (r.prec == opPrec & c != ‘^’)
r.ex = ‘(’r.ex‘)’
expr.append(Expression(l.ex, r.ex, token))
E
expr.append(Expression(token))
print(token‘ -> ’expr)
assert(expr.len == 1)
R expr[0].ex
L(e) [‘3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +’,
‘1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^’]
print(‘Postfix : ’e)
print(‘Infix : ’postfix_to_infix(e))
print()- Output:
Postfix : 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + 3 -> [3] 4 -> [3, 4] 2 -> [3, 4, 2] * -> [3, 4 * 2] 1 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1] 5 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1, 5] - -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5] 2 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2] 3 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] / -> [3, 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] + -> [3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] Infix : 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 Postfix : 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ 1 -> [1] 2 -> [1, 2] + -> [1 + 2] 3 -> [1 + 2, 3] 4 -> [1 + 2, 3, 4] + -> [1 + 2, 3 + 4] ^ -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)] 5 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5] 6 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5, 6] + -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5 + 6] ^ -> [((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)] Infix : ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Ada
Using the solution of the task stack:
type Priority is range 1..4;
type Infix is record
Precedence : Priority;
Expression : Unbounded_String;
end record;
package Expression_Stack is new Generic_Stack (Infix);
use Expression_Stack;
function Convert (RPN : String) return String is
Arguments : Stack;
procedure Pop
( Operation : Character;
Precedence : Priority;
Association : Priority
) is
Right, Left : Infix;
Result : Infix;
begin
Pop (Right, Arguments);
Pop (Left, Arguments);
Result.Precedence := Association;
if Left.Precedence < Precedence then
Append (Result.Expression, '(');
Append (Result.Expression, Left.Expression);
Append (Result.Expression, ')');
else
Append (Result.Expression, Left.Expression);
end if;
Append (Result.Expression, ' ');
Append (Result.Expression, Operation);
Append (Result.Expression, ' ');
if Right.Precedence < Precedence then
Append (Result.Expression, '(');
Append (Result.Expression, Right.Expression);
Append (Result.Expression, ')');
else
Append (Result.Expression, Right.Expression);
end if;
Push (Result, Arguments);
end Pop;
Pointer : Integer := RPN'First;
begin
while Pointer <= RPN'Last loop
case RPN (Pointer) is
when ' ' =>
Pointer := Pointer + 1;
when '0'..'9' =>
declare
Start : constant Integer := Pointer;
begin
loop
Pointer := Pointer + 1;
exit when Pointer > RPN'Last
or else RPN (Pointer) not in '0'..'9';
end loop;
Push
( ( 4,
To_Unbounded_String (RPN (Start..Pointer - 1))
),
Arguments
);
end;
when '+' | '-' =>
Pop (RPN (Pointer), 1, 1);
Pointer := Pointer + 1;
when '*' | '/' =>
Pop (RPN (Pointer), 2, 2);
Pointer := Pointer + 1;
when '^' =>
Pop (RPN (Pointer), 4, 3);
Pointer := Pointer + 1;
when others =>
raise Constraint_Error with "Syntax";
end case;
end loop;
declare
Result : Infix;
begin
Pop (Result, Arguments);
return To_String (Result.Expression);
end;
end Convert;
The test program:
with Ada.Strings.Unbounded; use Ada.Strings.Unbounded;
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Generic_Stack;
procedure RPN_to_Infix is
-- The code above
begin
Put_Line ("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + = ");
Put_Line (Convert ("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +"));
Put_Line ("1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ = ");
Put_Line (Convert ("1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"));
end RPN_to_Infix;
should produce the following output
3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + = 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ (2 ^ 3) 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ = ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
ALGOL 68
Recursively parses the RPN string backwards to build a parse tree which is then printed.
# rpn to infix - parses an RPN expression and generates the equivalent #
# infix expression #
PROC rpn to infix = ( STRING rpn )STRING:
BEGIN
# we parse the string backwards using recursive descent #
INT rpn pos := UPB rpn;
BOOL had error := FALSE;
# mode to hold nodes of the parse tree #
MODE NODE = STRUCT( INT op
, UNION( REF NODE, STRING ) left
, REF NODE right
);
REF NODE nil node = NIL;
# op codes #
INT error = 1;
INT factor = 2;
INT add = 3;
INT sub = 4;
INT mul = 5;
INT div = 6;
INT pwr = 7;
[]STRING op name = ( "error", "factor", "+", "-", "*", "/", "^" );
[]BOOL right associative
= ( FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE );
[]INT priority = ( 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4 );
# returns TRUE if we have reached the end of the rpn string, #
# FALSE otherwise #
PROC at end = BOOL: rpn pos < LWB rpn;
# positions to the previous character, if there is one #
PROC next = VOID: rpn pos -:= 1;
# skip spaces in the rpn string #
PROC skip spaces = VOID:
WHILE have( " " )
DO
next
OD # skip spaces # ;
# returns TRUE if the rpn character at rpn pos is c, #
# FALSE if the character is not c or there is no character #
# at rpn pos #
PROC have = ( CHAR c )BOOL:
IF at end
THEN
# no character at rpn pos #
FALSE
ELSE
# have a character - check it is the required one #
rpn[ rpn pos ] = c
FI # have # ;
# gets an operand from the rpn string #
# an operand is either a number or a sub-expression #
PROC get operand = ( STRING rpn, STRING operand name )REF NODE:
BEGIN
# handle the operator or operand, if there is one #
skip spaces;
print( ( ( "parsing "
+ operand name
+ " from: "
+ IF at end THEN "" ELSE rpn[ LWB rpn : rpn pos ] FI
)
, newline
)
);
REF NODE result :=
IF at end
THEN
# no operand #
had error := TRUE;
HEAP NODE := ( error, "!! Missing operand !!", NIL )
ELIF have( "+" )
THEN
# addition #
next;
HEAP NODE right := get operand( rpn, "+ right operand" );
HEAP NODE left := get operand( rpn, "+ left operand" );
HEAP NODE := ( add, left, right )
ELIF have( "-" )
THEN
# subtraction #
next;
HEAP NODE right := get operand( rpn, "- right operand" );
HEAP NODE left := get operand( rpn, "- left operand" );
HEAP NODE := ( sub, left, right )
ELIF have( "*" )
THEN
# multiplication #
next;
HEAP NODE right := get operand( rpn, "* right operand" );
HEAP NODE left := get operand( rpn, "* left operand" );
HEAP NODE := ( mul, left, right )
ELIF have( "/" )
THEN
# division #
next;
HEAP NODE right := get operand( rpn, "/ right operand" );
HEAP NODE left := get operand( rpn, "/ left operand" );
HEAP NODE := ( div, left, right )
ELIF have( "^" )
THEN
# exponentiation #
next;
HEAP NODE right := get operand( rpn, "^ right operand" );
HEAP NODE left := get operand( rpn, "^ left operand" );
HEAP NODE := ( pwr, left, right )
ELSE
# must be an operand #
STRING value := "";
WHILE NOT at end
AND NOT have( " " )
DO
rpn[ rpn pos ] +=: value;
next
OD;
HEAP NODE := ( factor, value, NIL )
FI;
print( ( operand name + ": " + TOSTRING result, newline ) );
result
END # get operand # ;
# converts the parse tree to a string with apppropriate parenthesis #
OP TOSTRING = ( REF NODE operand )STRING:
BEGIN
# converts a node of the parse tree to a string, inserting #
# parenthesis if necessary #
PROC possible parenthesis = ( INT op, REF NODE expr )STRING:
IF op OF expr = error
OR op OF expr = factor
THEN
# operand is an error/factor - parenthisis not needed #
TOSTRING expr
ELIF priority( op OF expr ) < priority( op )
THEN
# the expression is a higher precedence operator than the #
# one we are building the expression for - need parenthesis #
( "( " + TOSTRING expr + " )" )
ELIF right associative[ op OF operand ]
AND op OF left( operand ) = op OF operand
THEN
# right associative operator #
( "( " + TOSTRING expr + " )" )
ELSE
# lower precedence expression - parenthesis not needed #
TOSTRING expr
FI # possible parenthesis # ;
# gets the left branch of a node, which must be a node #
PROC left = ( REF NODE operand )REF NODE:
CASE left OF operand
IN ( REF NODE o ): o
, ( STRING s ): HEAP NODE := ( error, s, NIL )
ESAC # left # ;
IF had error
THEN
# an error occured parsing the expression #
"Invalid expression"
ELIF operand IS nil node
THEN
# no operand? #
"<empty>"
ELIF op OF operand = error
OR op OF operand = factor
THEN
# error parsing the expression #
# or a factor #
CASE left OF operand
IN ( REF NODE o ): "Error: String expected: (" + TOSTRING o + ")"
, ( STRING s ): s
ESAC
ELSE
# general operand #
( possible parenthesis( op OF operand, left( operand ) )
+ " " + op name[ op OF operand ] + " "
+ possible parenthesis( op OF operand, right OF operand )
)
FI
END # TOSTRING # ;
STRING result = TOSTRING get operand( rpn, "expression" );
# ensure there are no more tokens in the string #
skip spaces;
IF at end
THEN
# OK - there was only one expression #
result
ELSE
# extraneous tokens #
( "Error - unexpected text before expression: ("
+ rpn[ LWB rpn : rpn pos ]
+ ")"
)
FI
END # rpn to infix # ;
main: (
# test the RPN to Infix comnverter #
STRING rpn;
rpn := "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +";
print( ( rpn, ": ", rpn to infix( rpn ), newline, newline ) );
rpn := "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^";
print( ( rpn, ": ", rpn to infix( rpn ), newline ) )
)- Output:
parsing expression from: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + parsing + right operand from: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / parsing / right operand from: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ parsing ^ right operand from: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ parsing ^ right operand from: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ right operand: 3 parsing ^ left operand from: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 ^ left operand: 2 ^ right operand: 2 ^ 3 parsing ^ left operand from: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - parsing - right operand from: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - right operand: 5 parsing - left operand from: 3 4 2 * 1 - left operand: 1 ^ left operand: 1 - 5 / right operand: ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 parsing / left operand from: 3 4 2 * parsing * right operand from: 3 4 2 * right operand: 2 parsing * left operand from: 3 4 * left operand: 4 / left operand: 4 * 2 + right operand: 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 parsing + left operand from: 3 + left operand: 3 expression: 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +: 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3parsing expression from: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ parsing ^ right operand from: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + parsing + right operand from: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + right operand: 6 parsing + left operand from: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 + left operand: 5 ^ right operand: 5 + 6 parsing ^ left operand from: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ parsing ^ right operand from: 1 2 + 3 4 + parsing + right operand from: 1 2 + 3 4 + right operand: 4 parsing + left operand from: 1 2 + 3 + left operand: 3 ^ right operand: 3 + 4 parsing ^ left operand from: 1 2 + parsing + right operand from: 1 2 + right operand: 2 parsing + left operand from: 1 + left operand: 1 ^ left operand: 1 + 2 ^ left operand: ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) expression: ( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 ) 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^: ( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )
AutoHotkey
expr := "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +"
stack := {push: func("ObjInsert"), pop: func("ObjRemove")}
out := "TOKEN`tACTION STACK (comma separated)`r`n"
Loop Parse, expr, %A_Space%
{
token := A_LoopField
if token is number
stack.push([0, token])
if isOp(token)
{
b := stack.pop(), a := stack.pop(), p := b.1 > a.1 ? b.1 : a.1
p := Precedence(token) > p ? precedence(token) : p
if (a.1 < b.1) and isRight(token)
stack.push([p, "( " . a.2 " ) " token " " b.2])
else if (a.1 > b.1) and isLeft(token)
stack.push([p, a.2 token " ( " b.2 " ) "])
else
stack.push([p, a.2 . " " . token . " " . b.2])
}
out .= token "`t" (isOp(token) ? "Push Partial expression "
: "Push num" space(16)) disp(stack) "`r`n"
}
out .= "`r`n The final output infix expression is: '" disp(stack) "'"
clipboard := out
isOp(t){
return (!!InStr("+-*/^", t) && t)
}
IsLeft(o){
return !!InStr("*/+-", o)
}
IsRight(o){
return o = "^"
}
Precedence(o){
return (InStr("+-/*^", o)+3)//2
}
Disp(obj){
for each, val in obj
if val[2]
o .= ", " val[2]
return SubStr(o,3)
}
Space(n){
return n>0 ? A_Space Space(n-1) : ""
}
- Output
TOKEN ACTION STACK (comma separated) 3 Push num 3 4 Push num 3, 4 2 Push num 3, 4, 2 * Push Partial expression 3, 4 * 2 1 Push num 3, 4 * 2, 1 5 Push num 3, 4 * 2, 1, 5 - Push Partial expression 3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5 2 Push num 3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 3 Push num 3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3 ^ Push Partial expression 3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3 ^ Push Partial expression 3, 4 * 2, ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 / Push Partial expression 3, 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 + Push Partial expression 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 The final output infix expression is: '3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3'
AWK
Slavishly (mostly) follows TCL example, but instead of lists it uses strings. Except for the stack, which uses an array, of course.
The kludge is prepending the precedence on the front of the expressions stored on the stack. This shows up when the tail() function is used, and when 'x' is prepended as a placeholder when adding parenthesis.
#!/usr/bin/awk -f
BEGIN {
initStack()
initOpers()
print "Infix: " toInfix("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +")
print ""
print "Infix: " toInfix("1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^")
print ""
print "Infix: " toInfix("moon stars mud + * fire soup * ^")
exit
}
function initStack() {
delete stack
stackPtr = 0
}
function initOpers() {
VALPREC = "9"
LEFT = "l"
RIGHT = "r"
operToks = "+" "-" "/" "*" "^"
operPrec = "2" "2" "3" "3" "4"
operAssoc = LEFT LEFT LEFT LEFT RIGHT
}
function toInfix(rpn, t, toks, tok, a, ap, b, bp, tp, ta) {
print "Postfix: " rpn
split(rpn, toks, / +/)
for (t = 1; t <= length(toks); t++) {
tok = toks[t]
if (!isOper(tok)) {
push(VALPREC tok)
}
else {
b = pop()
bp = prec(b)
b = tail(b)
a = pop()
ap = prec(a)
a = tail(a)
tp = tokPrec(tok)
ta = tokAssoc(tok)
if (ap < tp || (ap == tp && ta == RIGHT)) {
a = "(" a ")"
}
if (bp < tp || (bp == tp && ta == LEFT)) {
b = "(" b ")"
}
push(tp a " " tok " " b)
}
print " " tok " -> " stackToStr()
}
return tail(pop())
}
function push(expr) {
stack[stackPtr] = expr
stackPtr++
}
function pop() {
stackPtr--
return stack[stackPtr]
}
function isOper(tok) {
return index(operToks, tok) != 0
}
function prec(expr) {
return substr(expr, 1, 1)
}
function tokPrec(tok) {
return substr(operPrec, operIdx(tok), 1)
}
function tokAssoc(tok) {
return substr(operAssoc, operIdx(tok), 1)
}
function operIdx(tok) {
return index(operToks, tok)
}
function tail(s) {
return substr(s, 2)
}
function stackToStr( s, i, t, p) {
s = ""
for (i = 0; i < stackPtr; i++) {
t = stack[i]
p = prec(t)
if (index(t, " ")) t = "{" tail(t) "}"
else t = tail(t)
s = s "{" p " " t "} "
}
return s
}
Output:
Postfix: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +
3 -> {9 3}
4 -> {9 3} {9 4}
2 -> {9 3} {9 4} {9 2}
* -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}}
1 -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {9 1}
5 -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {9 1} {9 5}
- -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {2 {1 - 5}}
2 -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {2 {1 - 5}} {9 2}
3 -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {2 {1 - 5}} {9 2} {9 3}
^ -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {2 {1 - 5}} {4 {2 ^ 3}}
^ -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {4 {(1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}}
/ -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}}
+ -> {2 {3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}}
Infix: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
Postfix: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^
1 -> {9 1}
2 -> {9 1} {9 2}
+ -> {2 {1 + 2}}
3 -> {2 {1 + 2}} {9 3}
4 -> {2 {1 + 2}} {9 3} {9 4}
+ -> {2 {1 + 2}} {2 {3 + 4}}
^ -> {4 {(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)}}
5 -> {4 {(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)}} {9 5}
6 -> {4 {(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)}} {9 5} {9 6}
+ -> {4 {(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)}} {2 {5 + 6}}
^ -> {4 {((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)}}
Infix: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Postfix: moon stars mud + * fire soup * ^
moon -> {9 moon}
stars -> {9 moon} {9 stars}
mud -> {9 moon} {9 stars} {9 mud}
+ -> {9 moon} {2 {stars + mud}}
* -> {3 {moon * (stars + mud)}}
fire -> {3 {moon * (stars + mud)}} {9 fire}
soup -> {3 {moon * (stars + mud)}} {9 fire} {9 soup}
* -> {3 {moon * (stars + mud)}} {3 {fire * soup}}
^ -> {4 {(moon * (stars + mud)) ^ (fire * soup)}}
Infix: (moon * (stars + mud)) ^ (fire * soup)
C
Takes RPN string from command line, string must be enclosed in double quotes. This is necessary since / and ^ are control characters for the command line. The second string, which can be any valid string, is optional and if supplied, the expression tree is printed out as it is built. The final expression is printed out in both cases.
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
char** components;
int counter = 0;
typedef struct elem{
char data[10];
struct elem* left;
struct elem* right;
}node;
typedef node* tree;
int precedenceCheck(char oper1,char oper2){
return (oper1==oper2)? 0:(oper1=='^')? 1:(oper2=='^')? 2:(oper1=='/')? 1:(oper2=='/')? 2:(oper1=='*')? 1:(oper2=='*')? 2:(oper1=='+')? 1:(oper2=='+')? 2:(oper1=='-')? 1:2;
}
int isOperator(char c){
return (c=='+'||c=='-'||c=='*'||c=='/'||c=='^');
}
void inorder(tree t){
if(t!=NULL){
if(t->left!=NULL && isOperator(t->left->data[0])==1 && (precedenceCheck(t->data[0],t->left->data[0])==1 || (precedenceCheck(t->data[0],t->left->data[0])==0 && t->data[0]=='^'))){
printf("(");
inorder(t->left);
printf(")");
}
else
inorder(t->left);
printf(" %s ",t->data);
if(t->right!=NULL && isOperator(t->right->data[0])==1 && (precedenceCheck(t->data[0],t->right->data[0])==1 || (precedenceCheck(t->data[0],t->right->data[0])==0 && t->data[0]!='^'))){
printf("(");
inorder(t->right);
printf(")");
}
else
inorder(t->right);
}
}
char* getNextString(){
if(counter<0){
printf("\nInvalid RPN !");
exit(0);
}
return components[counter--];
}
tree buildTree(char* obj,char* trace){
tree t = (tree)malloc(sizeof(node));
strcpy(t->data,obj);
t->right = (isOperator(obj[0])==1)?buildTree(getNextString(),trace):NULL;
t->left = (isOperator(obj[0])==1)?buildTree(getNextString(),trace):NULL;
if(trace!=NULL){
printf("\n");
inorder(t);
}
return t;
}
int checkRPN(){
int i, operSum = 0, numberSum = 0;
if(isOperator(components[counter][0])==0)
return 0;
for(i=0;i<=counter;i++)
(isOperator(components[i][0])==1)?operSum++:numberSum++;
return (numberSum - operSum == 1);
}
void buildStack(char* str){
int i;
char* token;
for(i=0;str[i]!=00;i++)
if(str[i]==' ')
counter++;
components = (char**)malloc((counter + 1)*sizeof(char*));
token = strtok(str," ");
i = 0;
while(token!=NULL){
components[i] = (char*)malloc(strlen(token)*sizeof(char));
strcpy(components[i],token);
token = strtok(NULL," ");
i++;
}
}
int main(int argC,char* argV[]){
int i;
tree t;
if(argC==1)
printf("Usage : %s <RPN expression enclosed by quotes> <optional parameter to trace the build process>",argV[0]);
else{
buildStack(argV[1]);
if(checkRPN()==0){
printf("\nInvalid RPN !");
return 0;
}
t = buildTree(getNextString(),argV[2]);
printf("\nFinal infix expression : ");
inorder(t);
}
return 0;
}
Output, both final and traced outputs are shown:
C:\rosettaCode>rpn2Infix.exe "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +" Final infix expression : 3 + ( 4 * 2 ) / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 C:\rosettaCode>rpn2Infix.exe "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^" Final infix expression : (( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )) ^ ( 5 + 6 ) C:\rosettaCode>rpn2Infix.exe "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +" yes 3 2 2 ^ 3 5 1 1 - 5 ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 2 4 4 * 2 ( 4 * 2 ) / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 3 3 + ( 4 * 2 ) / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 Final infix expression : 3 + ( 4 * 2 ) / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 C:\rosettaCode>rpn2Infix.exe "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^" yes 6 5 5 + 6 4 3 3 + 4 2 1 1 + 2 ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) (( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )) ^ ( 5 + 6 ) Final infix expression : (( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )) ^ ( 5 + 6 )
C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
namespace PostfixToInfix
{
class Program
{
class Operator
{
public Operator(char t, int p, bool i = false)
{
Token = t;
Precedence = p;
IsRightAssociative = i;
}
public char Token { get; private set; }
public int Precedence { get; private set; }
public bool IsRightAssociative { get; private set; }
}
static IReadOnlyDictionary<char, Operator> operators = new Dictionary<char, Operator>
{
{ '+', new Operator('+', 2) },
{ '-', new Operator('-', 2) },
{ '/', new Operator('/', 3) },
{ '*', new Operator('*', 3) },
{ '^', new Operator('^', 4, true) }
};
class Expression
{
public String ex;
public Operator op;
public Expression(String e)
{
ex = e;
}
public Expression(String e1, String e2, Operator o)
{
ex = String.Format("{0} {1} {2}", e1, o.Token, e2);
op = o;
}
}
static String PostfixToInfix(String postfix)
{
var stack = new Stack<Expression>();
foreach (var token in Regex.Split(postfix, @"\s+"))
{
char c = token[0];
var op = operators.FirstOrDefault(kv => kv.Key == c).Value;
if (op != null && token.Length == 1)
{
Expression rhs = stack.Pop();
Expression lhs = stack.Pop();
int opPrec = op.Precedence;
int lhsPrec = lhs.op != null ? lhs.op.Precedence : int.MaxValue;
int rhsPrec = rhs.op != null ? rhs.op.Precedence : int.MaxValue;
if ((lhsPrec < opPrec || (lhsPrec == opPrec && c == '^')))
lhs.ex = '(' + lhs.ex + ')';
if ((rhsPrec < opPrec || (rhsPrec == opPrec && c != '^')))
rhs.ex = '(' + rhs.ex + ')';
stack.Push(new Expression(lhs.ex, rhs.ex, op));
}
else
{
stack.Push(new Expression(token));
}
// print intermediate result
Console.WriteLine("{0} -> [{1}]", token,
string.Join(", ", stack.Reverse().Select(e => e.ex)));
}
return stack.Peek().ex;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string[] inputs = { "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +", "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^" };
foreach (var e in inputs)
{
Console.WriteLine("Postfix : {0}", e);
Console.WriteLine("Infix : {0}", PostfixToInfix(e));
Console.WriteLine(); ;
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
3 -> [3] 4 -> [3, 4] 2 -> [3, 4, 2] * -> [3, 4 * 2] 1 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1] 5 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1, 5] - -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5] 2 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2] 3 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] / -> [3, 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] + -> [3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] Infix : 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 Postfix : 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ 1 -> [1] 2 -> [1, 2] + -> [1 + 2] 3 -> [1 + 2, 3] 4 -> [1 + 2, 3, 4] + -> [1 + 2, 3 + 4] ^ -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)] 5 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5] 6 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5, 6] + -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5 + 6] ^ -> [((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)] Infix : ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
C++
Very primitive implementation, doesn't use any parsing libraries which would shorten this greatly.
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
struct Entry_
{
string expr_;
string op_;
};
bool PrecedenceLess(const string& lhs, const string& rhs, bool assoc)
{
static const map<string, int> KNOWN({ { "+", 1 }, { "-", 1 }, { "*", 2 }, { "/", 2 }, { "^", 3 } });
static const set<string> ASSOCIATIVE({ "+", "*" });
return (KNOWN.count(lhs) ? KNOWN.find(lhs)->second : 0) < (KNOWN.count(rhs) ? KNOWN.find(rhs)->second : 0) + (assoc && !ASSOCIATIVE.count(rhs) ? 1 : 0);
}
void Parenthesize(Entry_* old, const string& token, bool assoc)
{
if (!old->op_.empty() && PrecedenceLess(old->op_, token, assoc))
old->expr_ = '(' + old->expr_ + ')';
}
void AddToken(stack<Entry_>* stack, const string& token)
{
if (token.find_first_of("0123456789") != string::npos)
stack->push(Entry_({ token, string() })); // it's a number, no operator
else
{ // it's an operator
if (stack->size() < 2)
cout<<"Stack underflow";
auto rhs = stack->top();
Parenthesize(&rhs, token, false);
stack->pop();
auto lhs = stack->top();
Parenthesize(&lhs, token, true);
stack->top().expr_ = lhs.expr_ + ' ' + token + ' ' + rhs.expr_;
stack->top().op_ = token;
}
}
string ToInfix(const string& src)
{
stack<Entry_> stack;
for (auto start = src.begin(), p = src.begin(); ; ++p)
{
if (p == src.end() || *p == ' ')
{
if (p > start)
AddToken(&stack, string(start, p));
if (p == src.end())
break;
start = p + 1;
}
}
if (stack.size() != 1)
cout<<"Incomplete expression";
return stack.top().expr_;
}
int main(void)
{
try
{
cout << ToInfix("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +") << "\n";
cout << ToInfix("1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^") << "\n";
return 0;
}
catch (...)
{
cout << "Failed\n";
return -1;
}
}
Output :
3 + (4 * 2) / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Common Lisp
Tested on ABCL.
;;;; Parsing/RPN to infix conversion
(defstruct (node (:print-function print-node)) opr infix)
(defun print-node (node stream depth)
(format stream "opr:=~A infix:=\"~A\"" (node-opr node) (node-infix node)))
(defconstant OPERATORS '((#\^ . 4) (#\* . 3) (#\/ . 3) (#\+ . 2) (#\- . 2)))
;;; (char,char[,boolean])->boolean
(defun higher-p (opp opc &optional (left-node-p nil))
(or (> (cdr (assoc opp OPERATORS)) (cdr (assoc opc OPERATORS)))
(and left-node-p (char= opp #\^) (char= opc #\^))))
;;; string->list
(defun string-split (expr)
(let ((p (position #\Space expr)))
(if (null p) (list expr)
(append (list (subseq expr 0 p))
(string-split (subseq expr (1+ p)))))))
;;; string->string
(defun parse (expr)
(let ((stack '()))
(format t "TOKEN STACK~%")
(dolist (tok (string-split expr))
(if (assoc (char tok 0) OPERATORS) ; operator?
(push (make-node :opr (char tok 0) :infix (infix (char tok 0) (pop stack) (pop stack))) stack)
(push tok stack))
;; print stack at each token
(format t "~3,A" tok)
(dotimes (i (length stack)) (format t "~8,T[~D] ~A~%" i (nth i stack))))
;; print final infix expression
(if (= (length stack) 1)
(format nil "~A" (node-infix (first stack)))
(format nil "syntax error in ~A" expr))))
;;; (char,node,node)->string
(defun infix (operator rightn leftn)
;; (char,node[,boolean]->string
(defun string-node (operator anode &optional (left-node-p nil))
(if (stringp anode) anode
(if (higher-p operator (node-opr anode) left-node-p)
(format nil "( ~A )" (node-infix anode)) (node-infix anode))))
(concatenate 'string
(string-node operator leftn t)
(format nil " ~A " operator)
(string-node operator rightn)))
;;; nil->[printed infix expressions]
(defun main ()
(let ((expressions '("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +"
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"
"3 4 ^ 2 9 ^ ^ 2 5 ^ ^")))
(dolist (expr expressions)
(format t "~%Parsing:\"~A\"~%" expr)
(format t "RPN:\"~A\" INFIX:\"~A\"~%" expr (parse expr)))))
- Output:
(main)
Parsing:"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +"
TOKEN STACK
3 [0] 3
4 [0] 4
[1] 3
2 [0] 2
[1] 4
[2] 3
* [0] opr:=* infix:="4 * 2"
[1] 3
1 [0] 1
[1] opr:=* infix:="4 * 2"
[2] 3
5 [0] 5
[1] 1
[2] opr:=* infix:="4 * 2"
[3] 3
- [0] opr:=- infix:="1 - 5"
[1] opr:=* infix:="4 * 2"
[2] 3
2 [0] 2
[1] opr:=- infix:="1 - 5"
[2] opr:=* infix:="4 * 2"
[3] 3
3 [0] 3
[1] 2
[2] opr:=- infix:="1 - 5"
[3] opr:=* infix:="4 * 2"
[4] 3
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="2 ^ 3"
[1] opr:=- infix:="1 - 5"
[2] opr:=* infix:="4 * 2"
[3] 3
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"
[1] opr:=* infix:="4 * 2"
[2] 3
/ [0] opr:=/ infix:="4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"
[1] 3
+ [0] opr:=+ infix:="3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"
RPN:"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +" INFIX:"3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"
Parsing:"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"
TOKEN STACK
1 [0] 1
2 [0] 2
[1] 1
+ [0] opr:=+ infix:="1 + 2"
3 [0] 3
[1] opr:=+ infix:="1 + 2"
4 [0] 4
[1] 3
[2] opr:=+ infix:="1 + 2"
+ [0] opr:=+ infix:="3 + 4"
[1] opr:=+ infix:="1 + 2"
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )"
5 [0] 5
[1] opr:=^ infix:="( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )"
6 [0] 6
[1] 5
[2] opr:=^ infix:="( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )"
+ [0] opr:=+ infix:="5 + 6"
[1] opr:=^ infix:="( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )"
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )"
RPN:"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^" INFIX:"( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )"
Parsing:"3 4 ^ 2 9 ^ ^ 2 5 ^ ^"
TOKEN STACK
3 [0] 3
4 [0] 4
[1] 3
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="3 ^ 4"
2 [0] 2
[1] opr:=^ infix:="3 ^ 4"
9 [0] 9
[1] 2
[2] opr:=^ infix:="3 ^ 4"
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="2 ^ 9"
[1] opr:=^ infix:="3 ^ 4"
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="( 3 ^ 4 ) ^ 2 ^ 9"
2 [0] 2
[1] opr:=^ infix:="( 3 ^ 4 ) ^ 2 ^ 9"
5 [0] 5
[1] 2
[2] opr:=^ infix:="( 3 ^ 4 ) ^ 2 ^ 9"
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="2 ^ 5"
[1] opr:=^ infix:="( 3 ^ 4 ) ^ 2 ^ 9"
^ [0] opr:=^ infix:="( ( 3 ^ 4 ) ^ 2 ^ 9 ) ^ 2 ^ 5"
RPN:"3 4 ^ 2 9 ^ ^ 2 5 ^ ^" INFIX:"( ( 3 ^ 4 ) ^ 2 ^ 9 ) ^ 2 ^ 5"
NIL
D
import std.stdio, std.string, std.array;
void parseRPN(in string e) {
enum nPrec = 9;
static struct Info { int prec; bool rAssoc; }
immutable /*static*/ opa = ["^": Info(4, true),
"*": Info(3, false),
"/": Info(3, false),
"+": Info(2, false),
"-": Info(2, false)];
writeln("\nPostfix input: ", e);
static struct Sf { int prec; string expr; }
Sf[] stack;
foreach (immutable tok; e.split()) {
writeln("Token: ", tok);
if (tok in opa) {
immutable op = opa[tok];
immutable rhs = stack.back;
stack.popBack();
auto lhs = &stack.back;
if (lhs.prec < op.prec ||
(lhs.prec == op.prec && op.rAssoc))
lhs.expr = "(" ~ lhs.expr ~ ")";
lhs.expr ~= " " ~ tok ~ " ";
lhs.expr ~= (rhs.prec < op.prec ||
(rhs.prec == op.prec && !op.rAssoc)) ?
"(" ~ rhs.expr ~ ")" :
rhs.expr;
lhs.prec = op.prec;
} else
stack ~= Sf(nPrec, tok);
foreach (immutable f; stack)
writefln(` %d "%s"`, f.prec, f.expr);
}
writeln("Infix result: ", stack[0].expr);
}
void main() {
foreach (immutable test; ["3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +",
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"])
parseRPN(test);
}
- Output:
Postfix input: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +
Token: 3
9 "3"
Token: 4
9 "3"
9 "4"
Token: 2
9 "3"
9 "4"
9 "2"
Token: *
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
Token: 1
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
9 "1"
Token: 5
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
9 "1"
9 "5"
Token: -
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
2 "1 - 5"
Token: 2
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
2 "1 - 5"
9 "2"
Token: 3
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
2 "1 - 5"
9 "2"
9 "3"
Token: ^
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
2 "1 - 5"
4 "2 ^ 3"
Token: ^
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
4 "(1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
Token: /
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
Token: +
2 "3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
Infix result: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
Postfix input: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^
Token: 1
9 "1"
Token: 2
9 "1"
9 "2"
Token: +
2 "1 + 2"
Token: 3
2 "1 + 2"
9 "3"
Token: 4
2 "1 + 2"
9 "3"
9 "4"
Token: +
2 "1 + 2"
2 "3 + 4"
Token: ^
4 "(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
Token: 5
4 "(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
9 "5"
Token: 6
4 "(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
9 "5"
9 "6"
Token: +
4 "(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
2 "5 + 6"
Token: ^
4 "((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)"
Infix result: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Alternative Version
import std.stdio, std.string, std.array, std.algorithm;
void rpmToInfix(in string str) @safe {
static struct Exp { int p; string e; }
immutable P = (in Exp pair, in int prec) pure =>
pair.p < prec ? format("( %s )", pair.e) : pair.e;
immutable F = (in string[] s...) pure nothrow => s.join(' ');
writefln("=================\n%s", str);
Exp[] stack;
foreach (const w; str.split) {
if (w.isNumeric)
stack ~= Exp(9, w);
else {
const y = stack.back; stack.popBack;
const x = stack.back; stack.popBack;
switch (w) {
case "^": stack ~= Exp(4, F(P(x, 5), w, P(y, 4)));
break;
case "*", "/": stack ~= Exp(3, F(P(x, 3), w, P(y, 3)));
break;
case "+", "-": stack ~= Exp(2, F(P(x, 2), w, P(y, 2)));
break;
default: throw new Error("Wrong part: " ~ w);
}
}
stack.map!q{ a.e }.writeln;
}
writeln("-----------------\n", stack.back.e);
}
void main() {
"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +".rpmToInfix;
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^".rpmToInfix;
}
- Output:
================= 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + ["3"] ["3", "4"] ["3", "4", "2"] ["3", "4 * 2"] ["3", "4 * 2", "1"] ["3", "4 * 2", "1", "5"] ["3", "4 * 2", "1 - 5"] ["3", "4 * 2", "1 - 5", "2"] ["3", "4 * 2", "1 - 5", "2", "3"] ["3", "4 * 2", "1 - 5", "2 ^ 3"] ["3", "4 * 2", "( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"] ["3", "4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"] ["3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"] ----------------- 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 ================= 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ ["1"] ["1", "2"] ["1 + 2"] ["1 + 2", "3"] ["1 + 2", "3", "4"] ["1 + 2", "3 + 4"] ["( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )"] ["( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )", "5"] ["( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )", "5", "6"] ["( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )", "5 + 6"] ["( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )"] ----------------- ( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )
EchoLisp
For convenience, modularity, reusability, and the fun of it, we split the task into two parts. rpn->infix checks the rpn expression and builds an infix - lisp - tree (which can be the input of an infix calculator). infix->string takes a tree in input and builds the required string.
(require 'hash)
(string-delimiter "")
(define (^ a b ) (expt a b)) ;; add this not-native function
(define-syntax-rule (r-assoc? op) (= op "^"))
(define-syntax-rule (l-assoc? op) (not ( = op "^" )))
(define PRECEDENCES (list->hash
'(("+" . 2) ("-" . 2) ("*" . 3) ("/" . 3) ("//" . 3) ("^" . 4))
(make-hash)))
;; RPN vector or list -> infix tree -> (a op (b op c) d) ..
(define (rpn->infix rpn)
(define S (stack 'S))
(for ((token rpn))
(if (procedure? token)
(let [(op2 (pop S)) (op1 (pop S))]
(unless (and op1 op2) (error "cannot translate expression" rpn))
(push S (list op1 token op2))
)
(push S token ))
(writeln 'token (string token) 'stack (stack->list S)))
(begin0
(pop S) ;; return (top S)
(unless (stack-empty? S) (error "ill-formed rpn" rpn)))
)
;; a node tree is (left op right) or a number
(define-syntax-id _.left (first _)) ; mynode.left expands to (first mynode)
(define-syntax-id _.right (third _))
(define-syntax-id _.op (string (second _ )))
(define-syntax-rule (precedence node) (hash-ref PRECEDENCES (string (second node))))
(define (left-par? node) ; does lhs needs ( lhs ) ?
(cond
[(number? node.left) #f]
[(< (precedence node.left) (precedence node)) #t]
[(and
(r-assoc? node.op)
(= (precedence node.left) (precedence node))) #t]
[else #f]))
(define (right-par? node)
(cond
[(number? node.right) #f]
[(< (precedence node.right) (precedence node)) #t]
[(and
(l-assoc? node.op)
(= (precedence node.right) (precedence node))) #t]
[else #f]))
;; infix tree -> char string
(define (infix->string node)
(cond
[(number? node) (string node)]
[else (let
[(lhs (infix->string node.left))
(rhs (infix->string node.right))]
(when (left-par? node) (set! lhs (string-append "(" lhs ")")))
(when (right-par? node) (set! rhs (string-append "(" rhs ")")))
(string-append lhs " " node.op " " rhs))]))
- Output:
(infix->string (rpn->infix #(3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +)))
token 3 stack (3)
token 4 stack (3 4)
token 2 stack (3 4 2)
token * stack (3 (4 #* 2))
token 1 stack (3 (4 #* 2) 1)
token 5 stack (3 (4 #* 2) 1 5)
token - stack (3 (4 #* 2) (1 #- 5))
token 2 stack (3 (4 #* 2) (1 #- 5) 2)
token 3 stack (3 (4 #* 2) (1 #- 5) 2 3)
token ^ stack (3 (4 #* 2) (1 #- 5) (2 ^ 3))
token ^ stack (3 (4 #* 2) ((1 #- 5) ^ (2 ^ 3)))
token / stack (3 ((4 #* 2) #/ ((1 #- 5) ^ (2 ^ 3))))
token + stack ((3 #+ ((4 #* 2) #/ ((1 #- 5) ^ (2 ^ 3)))))
→ 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
(infix->string (rpn->infix #(1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^)))
token 1 stack (1)
token 2 stack (1 2)
token + stack ((1 #+ 2))
token 3 stack ((1 #+ 2) 3)
token 4 stack ((1 #+ 2) 3 4)
token + stack ((1 #+ 2) (3 #+ 4))
token ^ stack (((1 #+ 2) ^ (3 #+ 4)))
token 5 stack (((1 #+ 2) ^ (3 #+ 4)) 5)
token 6 stack (((1 #+ 2) ^ (3 #+ 4)) 5 6)
token + stack (((1 #+ 2) ^ (3 #+ 4)) (5 #+ 6))
token ^ stack ((((1 #+ 2) ^ (3 #+ 4)) ^ (5 #+ 6)))
→ ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
(infix->string (rpn->infix #( 5 6 * * + +)))
token 5 stack (5)
token 6 stack (5 6)
token * stack ((5 #* 6))
⛔️ error: cannot translate expression #( 5 6 #* #* #+ #+)
F#
type ast =
| Num of int
| Add of ast * ast | Sub of ast * ast
| Mul of ast * ast | Div of ast * ast
| Exp of ast * ast
let (|Int|_|) = System.Int32.TryParse >> function | (true, v) -> Some(v) | (false, _) -> None
let rec parse =
function
| [] -> failwith "Not enough tokens"
| (Int head)::tail -> (Num(head), tail)
| op::tail ->
let (left, rest1) = parse tail
let (right, rest2) = parse rest1
match op with
| "+" -> (Add (right, left)), rest2
| "-" -> (Sub (right, left)), rest2
| "*" -> (Mul (right, left)), rest2
| "/" -> (Div (right, left)), rest2
| "^" -> (Exp (right, left)), rest2
| _ -> failwith ("unknown op: " + op)
let rec infix p x =
let brackets (x : ast) = seq { yield "("; yield! infix 0 x; yield ")" }
let left op context l r = seq { yield! infix context l; yield op; yield! infix context r }
let right op context l r = seq { yield! brackets l; yield op; yield! infix context r }
seq {
match x with
| Num (n) -> yield n.ToString()
| Add (l, r) when p <= 2 -> yield! left "+" 2 l r
| Sub (l, r) when p <= 2 -> yield! left "-" 2 l r
| Mul (l, r) when p <= 3 -> yield! left "*" 3 l r
| Div (l, r) when p <= 3 -> yield! left "/" 3 l r
| Exp (Exp(ll, lr), r) -> yield! right "^" 4 (Exp(ll,lr)) r
| Exp (l, r) -> yield! left "^" 4 l r
| _ -> yield! brackets x
}
[<EntryPoint>]
let main argv =
let (tree, rest) =
argv |> Array.rev |> Seq.toList |> parse
match rest with
| [] -> printfn "%A" tree
| _ -> failwith ("not a valid RPN expression (excess tokens): " + System.String.Join(" ", argv))
Seq.iter (printf " %s") (infix 0 tree); printfn ""
0
Input is given via the command line. Output includes the abstract syntax tree generated for the input. Output for the 2 test cases given above:
Add (Num 3,Div (Mul (Num 4,Num 2),Exp (Sub (Num 1,Num 5),Exp (Num 2,Num 3)))) 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 Exp (Exp (Add (Num 1,Num 2),Add (Num 3,Num 4)),Add (Num 5,Num 6)) ( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )
Go
No error checking.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
var tests = []string{
"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +",
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^",
}
var opa = map[string]struct {
prec int
rAssoc bool
}{
"^": {4, true},
"*": {3, false},
"/": {3, false},
"+": {2, false},
"-": {2, false},
}
const nPrec = 9
func main() {
for _, t := range tests {
parseRPN(t)
}
}
func parseRPN(e string) {
fmt.Println("\npostfix:", e)
type sf struct {
prec int
expr string
}
var stack []sf
for _, tok := range strings.Fields(e) {
fmt.Println("token:", tok)
if op, isOp := opa[tok]; isOp {
rhs := &stack[len(stack)-1]
stack = stack[:len(stack)-1]
lhs := &stack[len(stack)-1]
if lhs.prec < op.prec || (lhs.prec == op.prec && op.rAssoc) {
lhs.expr = "(" + lhs.expr + ")"
}
lhs.expr += " " + tok + " "
if rhs.prec < op.prec || (rhs.prec == op.prec && !op.rAssoc) {
lhs.expr += "(" + rhs.expr + ")"
} else {
lhs.expr += rhs.expr
}
lhs.prec = op.prec
} else {
stack = append(stack, sf{nPrec, tok})
}
for _, f := range stack {
fmt.Printf(" %d %q\n", f.prec, f.expr)
}
}
fmt.Println("infix:", stack[0].expr)
}
Output:
postfix: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +
token: 3
9 "3"
token: 4
9 "3"
9 "4"
token: 2
9 "3"
9 "4"
9 "2"
token: *
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
token: 1
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
9 "1"
token: 5
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
9 "1"
9 "5"
token: -
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
2 "1 - 5"
token: 2
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
2 "1 - 5"
9 "2"
token: 3
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
2 "1 - 5"
9 "2"
9 "3"
token: ^
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
2 "1 - 5"
4 "2 ^ 3"
token: ^
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
4 "(1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
token: /
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
token: +
2 "3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
infix: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
postfix: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^
token: 1
9 "1"
token: 2
9 "1"
9 "2"
token: +
2 "1 + 2"
token: 3
2 "1 + 2"
9 "3"
token: 4
2 "1 + 2"
9 "3"
9 "4"
token: +
2 "1 + 2"
2 "3 + 4"
token: ^
4 "(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
token: 5
4 "(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
9 "5"
token: 6
4 "(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
9 "5"
9 "6"
token: +
4 "(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
2 "5 + 6"
token: ^
4 "((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)"
infix: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Groovy
class PostfixToInfix {
static class Expression {
final static String ops = "-+/*^"
String op, ex
int precedence = 3
Expression(String e) {
ex = e
}
Expression(String e1, String e2, String o) {
ex = String.format "%s %s %s", e1, o, e2
op = o
precedence = (ops.indexOf(o) / 2) as int
}
@Override
String toString() {
return ex
}
}
static String postfixToInfix(final String postfix) {
Stack<Expression> expr = new Stack<>()
for (String token in postfix.split("\\s+")) {
char c = token.charAt(0)
int idx = Expression.ops.indexOf(c as int)
if (idx != -1 && token.length() == 1) {
Expression r = expr.pop()
Expression l = expr.pop()
int opPrecedence = (idx / 2) as int
if (l.precedence < opPrecedence || (l.precedence == opPrecedence && c == '^' as char))
l.ex = '(' + l.ex + ')'
if (r.precedence < opPrecedence || (r.precedence == opPrecedence && c != '^' as char))
r.ex = '(' + r.ex + ')'
expr << new Expression(l.ex, r.ex, token)
} else {
expr << new Expression(token)
}
printf "%s -> %s%n", token, expr
}
expr.peek().ex
}
static void main(String[] args) {
(["3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +", "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"]).each { String e ->
printf "Postfix : %s%n", e
printf "Infix : %s%n", postfixToInfix(e)
println()
}
}
}
- Output:
Postfix : 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + 3 -> [3] 4 -> [3, 4] 2 -> [3, 4, 2] * -> [3, 4 * 2] 1 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1] 5 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1, 5] - -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5] 2 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2] 3 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] / -> [3, 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] + -> [3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] Infix : 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 Postfix : 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ 1 -> [1] 2 -> [1, 2] + -> [1 + 2] 3 -> [1 + 2, 3] 4 -> [1 + 2, 3, 4] + -> [1 + 2, 3 + 4] ^ -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)] 5 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5] 6 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5, 6] + -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5 + 6] ^ -> [((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)] Infix : ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Haskell
With a fold, using the accumulator as an expression stack, you can compile a tree that represents the entire expression. Then you can recursively put together the infix string, comparing precedences and left/right associativity to determine when parenthesis are necessary. Note that in this solution, we define addition and multiplication as having no associativity, since no matter which way you associate, they produce the same answer.
This solution is a rough translation of the solution provided on RubyQuiz, as linked above.
import Debug.Trace
data Expression = Const String | Exp Expression String Expression
------------- INFIX EXPRESSION FROM RPN STRING -----------
infixFromRPN :: String -> Expression
infixFromRPN = head . foldl buildExp [] . words
buildExp :: [Expression] -> String -> [Expression]
buildExp stack x
| (not . isOp) x =
let v = Const x : stack
in trace (show v) v
| otherwise =
let v = Exp l x r : rest
in trace (show v) v
where
r : l : rest = stack
isOp = (`elem` ["^", "*", "/", "+", "-"])
--------------------------- TEST -------------------------
main :: IO ()
main =
mapM_
( \s ->
putStr (s <> "\n-->\n")
>> (print . infixFromRPN)
s
>> putStrLn []
)
[ "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +",
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^",
"1 4 + 5 3 + 2 3 * * *",
"1 2 * 3 4 * *",
"1 2 + 3 4 + +"
]
---------------------- SHOW INSTANCE ---------------------
instance Show Expression where
show (Const x) = x
show exp@(Exp l op r) = left <> " " <> op <> " " <> right
where
left
| leftNeedParen = "( " <> show l <> " )"
| otherwise = show l
right
| rightNeedParen = "( " <> show r <> " )"
| otherwise = show r
leftNeedParen =
(leftPrec < opPrec)
|| ((leftPrec == opPrec) && rightAssoc exp)
rightNeedParen =
(rightPrec < opPrec)
|| ((rightPrec == opPrec) && leftAssoc exp)
leftPrec = precedence l
rightPrec = precedence r
opPrec = precedence exp
leftAssoc :: Expression -> Bool
leftAssoc (Const _) = False
leftAssoc (Exp _ op _) = op `notElem` ["^", "*", "+"]
rightAssoc :: Expression -> Bool
rightAssoc (Const _) = False
rightAssoc (Exp _ op _) = op == "^"
precedence :: Expression -> Int
precedence (Const _) = 5
precedence (Exp _ op _)
| op == "^" = 4
| op `elem` ["*", "/"] = 3
| op `elem` ["+", "-"] = 2
| otherwise = 0
- Output:
3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + --> [3] [4,3] [2,4,3] [4 * 2,3] [1,4 * 2,3] [5,1,4 * 2,3] [1 - 5,4 * 2,3] [2,1 - 5,4 * 2,3] [3,2,1 - 5,4 * 2,3] [2 ^ 3,1 - 5,4 * 2,3] [( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3,4 * 2,3] [4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3,3] [3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3] 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ --> [1] [2,1] [1 + 2] [3,1 + 2] [4,3,1 + 2] [3 + 4,1 + 2] [( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )] [5,( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )] [6,5,( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )] [5 + 6,( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )] [( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )] ( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 ) 1 4 + 5 3 + 2 3 * * * --> [1] [4,1] [1 + 4] [5,1 + 4] [3,5,1 + 4] [5 + 3,1 + 4] [2,5 + 3,1 + 4] [3,2,5 + 3,1 + 4] [2 * 3,5 + 3,1 + 4] [( 5 + 3 ) * 2 * 3,1 + 4] [( 1 + 4 ) * ( 5 + 3 ) * 2 * 3] ( 1 + 4 ) * ( 5 + 3 ) * 2 * 3 1 2 * 3 4 * * --> [1] [2,1] [1 * 2] [3,1 * 2] [4,3,1 * 2] [3 * 4,1 * 2] [1 * 2 * 3 * 4] 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 1 2 + 3 4 + + --> [1] [2,1] [1 + 2] [3,1 + 2] [4,3,1 + 2] [3 + 4,1 + 2] 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
Icon and Unicon
printf.icn provides formatting
Output:
RPN = "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +" pushed numeric 3 : [ [ 9 ' 3 ] ] pushed numeric 4 : [ [ 9 ' 4 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] pushed numeric 2 : [ [ 9 ' 2 ] [ 9 ' 4 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] applied operator * : [ [ 3 l 4 * 2 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] pushed numeric 1 : [ [ 9 ' 1 ] [ 3 l 4 * 2 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] pushed numeric 5 : [ [ 9 ' 5 ] [ 9 ' 1 ] [ 3 l 4 * 2 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] applied operator - : [ [ 2 l 1 - 5 ] [ 3 l 4 * 2 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] pushed numeric 2 : [ [ 9 ' 2 ] [ 2 l 1 - 5 ] [ 3 l 4 * 2 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] pushed numeric 3 : [ [ 9 ' 3 ] [ 9 ' 2 ] [ 2 l 1 - 5 ] [ 3 l 4 * 2 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] applied operator ^ : [ [ 4 r 2 ^ 3 ] [ 2 l 1 - 5 ] [ 3 l 4 * 2 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] applied operator ^ : [ [ 4 r ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 ] [ 3 l 4 * 2 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] applied operator / : [ [ 3 l 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 ] [ 9 ' 3 ] ] applied operator + : [ [ 2 l 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 ] ] infix = "3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3" RPN = "1 2 + 3 4 + 5 6 + ^ ^" infix = "( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )" RPN = "1 2 + 3 4 + 5 6 + ^ ^" infix = "( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )" RPN = "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^" infix = "( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )"
J
Implementation:
tokenize=: ' ' <;._1@, deb
ops=: ;:'+ - * / ^'
doOp=: plus`minus`times`divide`exponent`push@.(ops&i.)
parse=:3 :0
stack=: i.0 2
for_token.tokenize y do.doOp token end.
1{:: ,stack
)
parens=:4 :0
if. y do. '( ',x,' )' else. x end.
)
NB. m: precedence, n: is right associative, y: token
op=:2 :0
L=. m - n
R=. m - -.n
smoutput;'operation: ';y
'Lprec left Rprec right'=. ,_2{.stack
expr=. ;(left parens L > Lprec);' ';y,' ';right parens R > Rprec
stack=: (_2}.stack),m;expr
smoutput stack
)
plus=: 2 op 0
minus=: 2 op 0
times=: 3 op 0
divide=: 3 op 0
exponent=: 4 op 1
push=:3 :0
smoutput;'pushing: ';y
stack=: stack,_;y
smoutput stack
)
The stack structure has two elements for each stack entry: expression precedence and expression characters.
Required example:
parse '3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +'
pushing: 3
+-+-+
|_|3|
+-+-+
pushing: 4
+-+-+
|_|3|
+-+-+
|_|4|
+-+-+
pushing: 2
+-+-+
|_|3|
+-+-+
|_|4|
+-+-+
|_|2|
+-+-+
operation: *
+-+-----+
|_|3 |
+-+-----+
|3|4 * 2|
+-+-----+
pushing: 1
+-+-----+
|_|3 |
+-+-----+
|3|4 * 2|
+-+-----+
|_|1 |
+-+-----+
pushing: 5
+-+-----+
|_|3 |
+-+-----+
|3|4 * 2|
+-+-----+
|_|1 |
+-+-----+
|_|5 |
+-+-----+
operation: -
+-+-----+
|_|3 |
+-+-----+
|3|4 * 2|
+-+-----+
|2|1 - 5|
+-+-----+
pushing: 2
+-+-----+
|_|3 |
+-+-----+
|3|4 * 2|
+-+-----+
|2|1 - 5|
+-+-----+
|_|2 |
+-+-----+
pushing: 3
+-+-----+
|_|3 |
+-+-----+
|3|4 * 2|
+-+-----+
|2|1 - 5|
+-+-----+
|_|2 |
+-+-----+
|_|3 |
+-+-----+
operation: ^
+-+-----+
|_|3 |
+-+-----+
|3|4 * 2|
+-+-----+
|2|1 - 5|
+-+-----+
|4|2 ^ 3|
+-+-----+
operation: ^
+-+-----------------+
|_|3 |
+-+-----------------+
|3|4 * 2 |
+-+-----------------+
|4|( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3|
+-+-----------------+
operation: /
+-+-------------------------+
|_|3 |
+-+-------------------------+
|3|4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3|
+-+-------------------------+
operation: +
+-+-----------------------------+
|2|3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3|
+-+-----------------------------+
3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3
Java
import java.util.Stack;
public class PostfixToInfix {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (String e : new String[]{"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +",
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"}) {
System.out.printf("Postfix : %s%n", e);
System.out.printf("Infix : %s%n", postfixToInfix(e));
System.out.println();
}
}
static String postfixToInfix(final String postfix) {
class Expression {
final static String ops = "-+/*^";
String op, ex;
int prec = 3;
Expression(String e) {
ex = e;
}
Expression(String e1, String e2, String o) {
ex = String.format("%s %s %s", e1, o, e2);
op = o;
prec = ops.indexOf(o) / 2;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return ex;
}
}
Stack<Expression> expr = new Stack<>();
for (String token : postfix.split("\\s+")) {
char c = token.charAt(0);
int idx = Expression.ops.indexOf(c);
if (idx != -1 && token.length() == 1) {
Expression r = expr.pop();
Expression l = expr.pop();
int opPrec = idx / 2;
if (l.prec < opPrec || (l.prec == opPrec && c == '^'))
l.ex = '(' + l.ex + ')';
if (r.prec < opPrec || (r.prec == opPrec && c != '^'))
r.ex = '(' + r.ex + ')';
expr.push(new Expression(l.ex, r.ex, token));
} else {
expr.push(new Expression(token));
}
System.out.printf("%s -> %s%n", token, expr);
}
return expr.peek().ex;
}
}
Output:
Postfix : 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + 3 -> [3] 4 -> [3, 4] 2 -> [3, 4, 2] * -> [3, 4 * 2] 1 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1] 5 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1, 5] - -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5] 2 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2] 3 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] / -> [3, 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] + -> [3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] Infix : 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 Postfix : 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ 1 -> [1] 2 -> [1, 2] + -> [1 + 2] 3 -> [1 + 2, 3] 4 -> [1 + 2, 3, 4] + -> [1 + 2, 3 + 4] ^ -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)] 5 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5] 6 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5, 6] + -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5 + 6] ^ -> [((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)] Infix : ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
JavaScript
Needs EcmaScript 6 support (e.g. Chrome).
const Associativity = {
/** a / b / c = (a / b) / c */
left: 0,
/** a ^ b ^ c = a ^ (b ^ c) */
right: 1,
/** a + b + c = (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) */
both: 2,
};
const operators = {
'+': { precedence: 2, associativity: Associativity.both },
'-': { precedence: 2, associativity: Associativity.left },
'*': { precedence: 3, associativity: Associativity.both },
'/': { precedence: 3, associativity: Associativity.left },
'^': { precedence: 4, associativity: Associativity.right },
};
class NumberNode {
constructor(text) { this.text = text; }
toString() { return this.text; }
}
class InfixNode {
constructor(fnname, operands) {
this.fnname = fnname;
this.operands = operands;
}
toString(parentPrecedence = 0) {
const op = operators[this.fnname];
const leftAdd = op.associativity === Associativity.right ? 0.01 : 0;
const rightAdd = op.associativity === Associativity.left ? 0.01 : 0;
if (this.operands.length !== 2) throw Error("invalid operand count");
const result = this.operands[0].toString(op.precedence + leftAdd)
+` ${this.fnname} ${this.operands[1].toString(op.precedence + rightAdd)}`;
if (parentPrecedence > op.precedence) return `( ${result} )`;
else return result;
}
}
function rpnToTree(tokens) {
const stack = [];
console.log(`input = ${tokens}`);
for (const token of tokens.split(" ")) {
if (token in operators) {
const op = operators[token], arity = 2; // all of these operators take 2 arguments
if (stack.length < arity) throw Error("stack error");
stack.push(new InfixNode(token, stack.splice(stack.length - arity)));
}
else stack.push(new NumberNode(token));
console.log(`read ${token}, stack = [${stack.join(", ")}]`);
}
if (stack.length !== 1) throw Error("stack error " + stack);
return stack[0];
}
const tests = [
["3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +", "3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"],
["1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^", "( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )"],
["1 2 3 + +", "1 + 2 + 3"] // test associativity (1+(2+3)) == (1+2+3)
];
for (const [inp, oup] of tests) {
const realOup = rpnToTree(inp).toString();
console.log(realOup === oup ? "Correct!" : "Incorrect!");
}
Output:
input = 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + read 3, stack = [3] read 4, stack = [3, 4] read 2, stack = [3, 4, 2] read *, stack = [3, 4 * 2] read 1, stack = [3, 4 * 2, 1] read 5, stack = [3, 4 * 2, 1, 5] read -, stack = [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5] read 2, stack = [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2] read 3, stack = [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3] read ^, stack = [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3] read ^, stack = [3, 4 * 2, ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3] read /, stack = [3, 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3] read +, stack = [3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3] Correct! input = 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ read 1, stack = [1] read 2, stack = [1, 2] read +, stack = [1 + 2] read 3, stack = [1 + 2, 3] read 4, stack = [1 + 2, 3, 4] read +, stack = [1 + 2, 3 + 4] read ^, stack = [( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )] read 5, stack = [( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ), 5] read 6, stack = [( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ), 5, 6] read +, stack = [( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ), 5 + 6] read ^, stack = [( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )] Correct! input = 1 2 3 + + read 1, stack = [1] read 2, stack = [1, 2] read 3, stack = [1, 2, 3] read +, stack = [1, 2 + 3] read +, stack = [1 + 2 + 3] Correct!
jq
Also works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq
This entry is based on the observation that the Parsing Expression Grammar (PEG) for the reversed sequence of tokens of an RPN expression is essentially:
E = operator operand operand operand = number / E operator = '+' | '-' | '*' | '^'
it being understood that a subsequence [operator, operand1, operand2] must finally be rendered as "(operand2 operator operand1)" because of the reversal.
This PEG is so simple that only one of the functions from Category:Jq/peg.jq, the jq library supporting PEG parsing, is needed here, namely: `box/1`. It is therefore included in the following listing, so there is no need to include peg.jq.
Notice also that the task requirements imply that the RPN string can be readily tokenized using `splits/1`, as is done by `tokens/0`.
### PEG infrastructure
def box(E):
((.result = null) | E) as $e
| .remainder = $e.remainder
| .result += [$e.result] # the magic sauce
;
### Tokenize the RPN string.
# Input: a string representing an expression using RPN.
# Output: an array of corresponding tokens.
def tokens:
[splits("[ \n\r\t]+")]
| map(select(. != "")
| . as $in
| try tonumber catch $in);
### Parse the reversed array of tokens as produced by `tokens`.
# On entry, .remainder should be the reversed array.
# Output: {remainder, result}
def rrpn:
def found: .result += [.remainder[0]] | (.remainder |= .[1:]);
def nonempty: select(.remainder|length>0);
def check(predicate):
nonempty | select(.remainder[0] | predicate);
def recognize(predicate): check(predicate) | found;
def number : recognize(type=="number");
def operator: recognize(type=="string");
def operand : number // rrpn;
box(operator | operand | operand);
# Input: an array of tokens as produced by `tokens`
# Output: the infix equivalent expressed as a string.
def tokens2infix:
def infix:
if type != "array" then .
elif length == 1 then .[0] | infix
elif length == 3 then "(\(.[2] | infix) \(.[0]) \(.[1] | infix))"
else error
end;
{remainder: reverse} | rrpn | .result | infix;
# Input: an RPN string
# Output: the equivalent expression as a string using infix notation
def rpn2infix: tokens | tokens2infix;
def tests:
"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +",
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"
;
tests | "\"\(.)\" =>", rpn2infix, ""- Output:
"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +" => (3 + ((4 * 2) / ((1 - 5) ^ (2 ^ 3))))
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^" => (((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6))
Julia
function parseRPNstring(rpns)
infix = []
rpn = split(rpns)
for tok in rpn
if all(isnumber, tok)
push!(infix, parse(Int, tok))
else
last = pop!(infix)
prev = pop!(infix)
push!(infix, Expr(:call, Symbol(tok), prev, last))
println("Current step: $infix")
end
end
infix
end
unany(s) = replace(string(s), r"Any\[:\((.+)\)\]", s"\1")
println("The final infix result: ", parseRPNstring("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +") |> unany, "\n")
println("The final infix result: ", parseRPNstring("1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^") |> unany)
- Output:
Current step: Any[3, :(4 * 2)] Current step: Any[3, :(4 * 2), :(1 - 5)] Current step: Any[3, :(4 * 2), :(1 - 5), :(2 ^ 3)] Current step: Any[3, :(4 * 2), :((1 - 5) ^ (2 ^ 3))] Current step: Any[3, :((4 * 2) / (1 - 5) ^ (2 ^ 3))] Current step: Any[:(3 + (4 * 2) / (1 - 5) ^ (2 ^ 3))] The final infix result: 3 + (4 * 2) / (1 - 5) ^ (2 ^ 3) Current step: Any[:(1 + 2)] Current step: Any[:(1 + 2), :(3 + 4)] Current step: Any[:((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4))] Current step: Any[:((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)), :(5 + 6)] Current step: Any[:(((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6))] The final infix result: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Kotlin
// version 1.2.0
import java.util.Stack
class Expression(var ex: String, val op: String = "", val prec: Int = 3) {
constructor(e1: String, e2: String, o: String) :
this("$e1 $o $e2", o, OPS.indexOf(o) / 2)
override fun toString() = ex
companion object {
const val OPS = "-+/*^"
}
}
fun postfixToInfix(postfix: String): String {
val expr = Stack<Expression>()
val rx = Regex("""\s+""")
for (token in postfix.split(rx)) {
val c = token[0]
val idx = Expression.OPS.indexOf(c)
if (idx != -1 && token.length == 1) {
val r = expr.pop()
val l = expr.pop()
val opPrec = idx / 2
if (l.prec < opPrec || (l.prec == opPrec && c == '^')) {
l.ex = "(${l.ex})"
}
if (r.prec < opPrec || (r.prec == opPrec && c != '^')) {
r.ex = "(${r.ex})"
}
expr.push(Expression(l.ex, r.ex, token))
}
else {
expr.push(Expression(token))
}
println("$token -> $expr")
}
return expr.peek().ex
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val es = listOf(
"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +",
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"
)
for (e in es) {
println("Postfix : $e")
println("Infix : ${postfixToInfix(e)}\n")
}
}
- Output:
Postfix : 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + 3 -> [3] 4 -> [3, 4] 2 -> [3, 4, 2] * -> [3, 4 * 2] 1 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1] 5 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1, 5] - -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5] 2 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2] 3 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] / -> [3, 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] + -> [3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] Infix : 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 Postfix : 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ 1 -> [1] 2 -> [1, 2] + -> [1 + 2] 3 -> [1 + 2, 3] 4 -> [1 + 2, 3, 4] + -> [1 + 2, 3 + 4] ^ -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)] 5 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5] 6 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5, 6] + -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5 + 6] ^ -> [((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)] Infix : ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Lua
The ouput contains more parenthesis then in strictly nessicary, but otherwise seems to read correctly
function tokenize(rpn)
local out = {}
local cnt = 0
for word in rpn:gmatch("%S+") do
table.insert(out, word)
cnt = cnt + 1
end
return {tokens = out, pos = 1, size = cnt}
end
function advance(lex)
if lex.pos <= lex.size then
lex.pos = lex.pos + 1
return true
else
return false
end
end
function current(lex)
return lex.tokens[lex.pos]
end
function isOperator(sym)
return sym == '+' or sym == '-'
or sym == '*' or sym == '/'
or sym == '^'
end
function buildTree(lex)
local stack = {}
while lex.pos <= lex.size do
local sym = current(lex)
advance(lex)
if isOperator(sym) then
local b = table.remove(stack)
local a = table.remove(stack)
local t = {op=sym, left=a, right=b}
table.insert(stack, t)
else
table.insert(stack, sym)
end
end
return table.remove(stack)
end
function infix(tree)
if type(tree) == "table" then
local a = {}
local b = {}
if type(tree.left) == "table" then
a = '(' .. infix(tree.left) .. ')'
else
a = tree.left
end
if type(tree.right) == "table" then
b = '(' .. infix(tree.right) .. ')'
else
b = tree.right
end
return a .. ' ' .. tree.op .. ' ' .. b
else
return tree
end
end
function convert(str)
local lex = tokenize(str)
local tree = buildTree(lex)
print(infix(tree))
end
function main()
convert("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +")
convert("1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^")
end
main()
- Output:
3 + ((4 * 2) / ((1 - 5) ^ (2 ^ 3))) ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
M2000 Interpreter
Module Rpn_2_Infix {
Rem Form 80,60
function rpn_to_infix$(a$) {
def m=0
inventory precendence="-":=2,"+":=2,"*":=3,"/":=3,"^":=4
dim token$()
token$()=piece$(a$," ")
l=len(token$())
dim type(l)=0, right(l)=0, infix$(l)
infix=-1
for i=0 to l-1
if exist(precendence, token$(i)) then
type(i)=precendence(token$(i))
if type(i)=4 then right(i)=-1
end if
if type(i)=0 then
infix++
infix$(infix)=token$(i)
type(infix)=100
else
if right(i) then
if type(infix)<type(i) then infix$(infix)="("+infix$(infix)+")"
if type(infix-1)<100 then infix$(infix-1)="("+infix$(infix-1)+")"
infix$(infix-1)=infix$(infix-1)+token$(i)+infix$(infix)
else
if type(infix)<type(i) then infix$(infix)="("+infix$(infix)+")"
if type(infix-1)<type(i) then
infix$(infix-1)="("+infix$(infix-1)+")"+token$(i)+infix$(infix)
else
infix$(infix-1)=infix$(infix-1)+token$(i)+infix$(infix)
end if
end if
type(infix-1)=type(i)
infix--
end if
inf=each(infix$(),1, infix+1)
while inf
export$<=token$(i)+" ["+str$(inf^,"")+"] "+ array$(inf)+{
}
token$(i)=" "
end while
next i
=infix$(0)
}
Global export$
document export$
example1=rpn_to_infix$("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +")="3+4*2/(1-5)^2^3"
example2=rpn_to_infix$("1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^")="((1+2)^(3+4))^(5+6)"
\\ a test from Phix example
example3=rpn_to_infix$("moon stars mud + * fire soup * ^")="(moon*(stars+mud))^(fire*soup)"
Print example1, example2, example3
Rem Print #-2, Export$
ClipBoard Export$
}
Rpn_2_Infix- Output:
3 [0] 3 4 [0] 3 [1] 4 2 [0] 3 [1] 4 [2] 2 * [0] 3 [1] 4*2 1 [0] 3 [1] 4*2 [2] 1 5 [0] 3 [1] 4*2 [2] 1 [3] 5 - [0] 3 [1] 4*2 [2] 1-5 2 [0] 3 [1] 4*2 [2] 1-5 [3] 2 3 [0] 3 [1] 4*2 [2] 1-5 [3] 2 [4] 3 ^ [0] 3 [1] 4*2 [2] 1-5 [3] 2^3 ^ [0] 3 [1] 4*2 [2] (1-5)^2^3 / [0] 3 [1] 4*2/(1-5)^2^3 + [0] 3+4*2/(1-5)^2^3 1 [0] 1 2 [0] 1 [1] 2 + [0] 1+2 3 [0] 1+2 [1] 3 4 [0] 1+2 [1] 3 [2] 4 + [0] 1+2 [1] 3+4 ^ [0] (1+2)^(3+4) 5 [0] (1+2)^(3+4) [1] 5 6 [0] (1+2)^(3+4) [1] 5 [2] 6 + [0] (1+2)^(3+4) [1] 5+6 ^ [0] ((1+2)^(3+4))^(5+6) moon [0] moon stars [0] moon [1] stars mud [0] moon [1] stars [2] mud + [0] moon [1] stars+mud * [0] moon*(stars+mud) fire [0] moon*(stars+mud) [1] fire soup [0] moon*(stars+mud) [1] fire [2] soup * [0] moon*(stars+mud) [1] fire*soup ^ [0] (moon*(stars+mud))^(fire*soup)
Nim
import tables, strutils
const nPrec = 9
let ops: Table[string, tuple[prec: int, rAssoc: bool]] =
{ "^": (4, true)
, "*": (3, false)
, "/": (3, false)
, "+": (2, false)
, "-": (2, false)
}.toTable
proc parseRPN(e: string) =
echo "postfix: ", e
var stack = newSeq[tuple[prec: int, expr: string]]()
for tok in e.split:
echo "Token: ", tok
if ops.hasKey tok:
let op = ops[tok]
let rhs = stack.pop
var lhs = stack.pop
if lhs.prec < op.prec or (lhs.prec == op.prec and op.rAssoc):
lhs.expr = "(" & lhs.expr & ")"
lhs.expr.add " " & tok & " "
if rhs.prec < op.prec or (rhs.prec == op.prec and not op.rAssoc):
lhs.expr.add "(" & rhs.expr & ")"
else:
lhs.expr.add rhs.expr
lhs.prec = op.prec
stack.add lhs
else:
stack.add((nPrec, tok))
for f in stack:
echo " ", f.prec, " ", f.expr
echo "infix: ", stack[0].expr
for test in ["3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +", "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"]:
test.parseRPN
Output:
postfix: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +
Token: 3
9 3
Token: 4
9 3
9 4
Token: 2
9 3
9 4
9 2
Token: *
9 3
3 4 * 2
Token: 1
9 3
3 4 * 2
9 1
Token: 5
9 3
3 4 * 2
9 1
9 5
Token: -
9 3
3 4 * 2
2 1 - 5
Token: 2
9 3
3 4 * 2
2 1 - 5
9 2
Token: 3
9 3
3 4 * 2
2 1 - 5
9 2
9 3
Token: ^
9 3
3 4 * 2
2 1 - 5
4 2 ^ 3
Token: ^
9 3
3 4 * 2
4 (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
Token: /
9 3
3 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
Token: +
2 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
infix: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
postfix: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^
Token: 1
9 1
Token: 2
9 1
9 2
Token: +
2 1 + 2
Token: 3
2 1 + 2
9 3
Token: 4
2 1 + 2
9 3
9 4
Token: +
2 1 + 2
2 3 + 4
Token: ^
4 (1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)
Token: 5
4 (1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)
9 5
Token: 6
4 (1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)
9 5
9 6
Token: +
4 (1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)
2 5 + 6
Token: ^
4 ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
infix: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';
my $number = '[+-/$]?(?:\.\d+|\d+(?:\.\d*)?)';
my $operator = '[-+*/^]';
my @tests = ('1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^', '3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +');
for (@tests) {
my(@elems,$n);
$n = -1;
while (
s/
\s* (?<left>$number) # 1st operand (will be 'left' in infix)
\s+ (?<right>$number) # 2nd operand (will be 'right' in infix)
\s+ (?<op>$operator) # operator
(?:\s+|$) # more to parse, or done?
/
' '.('$'.++$n).' ' # placeholders
/ex) {
$elems[$n] = "($+{left}$+{op}$+{right})" # infix expression
}
while (
s/ (\$)(\d+) # for each placeholder
/ $elems[$2] # evaluate expression, substitute numeric value
/ex
) { say } # track progress
say '=>' . substr($_,2,-2)."\n";
}
- Output:
($2^$3) (($0^$1)^$3) (((1+2)^$1)^$3) (((1+2)^(3+4))^$3) (((1+2)^(3+4))^(5+6)) =>((1+2)^(3+4))^(5+6) (3+$4) (3+($0/$3)) (3+((4*2)/$3)) (3+((4*2)/($1^$2))) (3+((4*2)/((1-5)^$2))) (3+((4*2)/((1-5)^(2^3)))) =>3+((4*2)/((1-5)^(2^3)))
Phix
with javascript_semantics bool show_workings = true constant operators = {"^","*","/","+","-"}, precedence = { 4, 3, 3, 2, 2 }, rassoc = {'r', 0 ,'l', 0 ,'l'} procedure parseRPN(string expr, expected) sequence stack = {}, ops = split(expr) string lhs, rhs integer lprec,rprec printf(1,"Postfix input: %-32s%s", {expr,iff(show_workings?'\n':' ')}) if length(ops)=0 then ?"error" return end if for i=1 to length(ops) do string op = ops[i] integer k = find(op,operators) if k=0 then stack = append(stack,{9,op}) else if length(stack)<2 then ?"error" return end if {rprec,rhs} = stack[$]; stack = stack[1..$-1] {lprec,lhs} = stack[$] integer prec = precedence[k] integer assoc = rassoc[k] if lprec<prec or (lprec=prec and assoc='r') then lhs = "("&lhs&")" end if if rprec<prec or (rprec=prec and assoc='l') then rhs = "("&rhs&")" end if stack[$] = {prec,lhs&" "&op&" "&rhs} end if if show_workings then ?{op,stack} end if end for string res = stack[1][2] printf(1,"Infix result: %s [%s]\n", {res,iff(res=expected?"ok","**ERROR**")}) end procedure parseRPN("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +","3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3") show_workings = false parseRPN("1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^","((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)") parseRPN("1 2 + 3 4 + 5 6 + ^ ^","(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4) ^ (5 + 6)") parseRPN("moon stars mud + * fire soup * ^","(moon * (stars + mud)) ^ (fire * soup)") parseRPN("3 4 ^ 2 9 ^ ^ 2 5 ^ ^","((3 ^ 4) ^ 2 ^ 9) ^ 2 ^ 5") parseRPN("5 6 * * + +","error") parseRPN("","error") parseRPN("1 4 + 5 3 + 2 3 * * *","(1 + 4) * (5 + 3) * 2 * 3") parseRPN("1 2 * 3 4 * *","1 * 2 * 3 * 4") parseRPN("1 2 + 3 4 + +","1 + 2 + 3 + 4") parseRPN("1 2 + 3 4 + ^","(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)") parseRPN("5 6 ^ 7 ^","(5 ^ 6) ^ 7") parseRPN("5 4 3 2 ^ ^ ^","5 ^ 4 ^ 3 ^ 2") parseRPN("1 2 3 + +","1 + 2 + 3") parseRPN("1 2 + 3 +","1 + 2 + 3") parseRPN("1 2 3 ^ ^","1 ^ 2 ^ 3") parseRPN("1 2 ^ 3 ^","(1 ^ 2) ^ 3") parseRPN("1 1 - 3 +","1 - 1 + 3") parseRPN("3 1 1 - +","3 + 1 - 1") -- [txr says 3 + (1 - 1)] parseRPN("1 2 3 + -","1 - (2 + 3)") parseRPN("4 3 2 + +","4 + 3 + 2") parseRPN("5 4 3 2 + + +","5 + 4 + 3 + 2") parseRPN("5 4 3 2 * * *","5 * 4 * 3 * 2") parseRPN("5 4 3 2 + - +","5 + 4 - (3 + 2)") -- [python says 5 + (4 - (3 + 2))] parseRPN("3 4 5 * -","3 - 4 * 5") parseRPN("3 4 5 - *","3 * (4 - 5)") -- [python says (3 - 4) * 5] [!!flagged!!] parseRPN("3 4 - 5 *","(3 - 4) * 5") parseRPN("4 2 * 1 5 - +","4 * 2 + 1 - 5") -- [python says 4 * 2 + (1 - 5)] parseRPN("4 2 * 1 5 - 2 ^ /","4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2") parseRPN("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +","3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3")
- Output:
Postfix input: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +
{"3",{{9,"3"}}}
{"4",{{9,"3"},{9,"4"}}}
{"2",{{9,"3"},{9,"4"},{9,"2"}}}
{"*",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2"}}}
{"1",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2"},{9,"1"}}}
{"5",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2"},{9,"1"},{9,"5"}}}
{"-",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2"},{2,"1 - 5"}}}
{"2",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2"},{2,"1 - 5"},{9,"2"}}}
{"3",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2"},{2,"1 - 5"},{9,"2"},{9,"3"}}}
{"^",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2"},{2,"1 - 5"},{4,"2 ^ 3"}}}
{"^",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2"},{4,"(1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"}}}
{"/",{{9,"3"},{3,"4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"}}}
{"+",{{2,"3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"}}}
Infix result: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ Infix result: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6) [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 + 3 4 + 5 6 + ^ ^ Infix result: (1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4) ^ (5 + 6) [ok]
Postfix input: moon stars mud + * fire soup * ^ Infix result: (moon * (stars + mud)) ^ (fire * soup) [ok]
Postfix input: 3 4 ^ 2 9 ^ ^ 2 5 ^ ^ Infix result: ((3 ^ 4) ^ 2 ^ 9) ^ 2 ^ 5 [ok]
Postfix input: 5 6 * * + + "error"
Postfix input: "error"
Postfix input: 1 4 + 5 3 + 2 3 * * * Infix result: (1 + 4) * (5 + 3) * 2 * 3 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 * 3 4 * * Infix result: 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 + 3 4 + + Infix result: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ Infix result: (1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4) [ok]
Postfix input: 5 6 ^ 7 ^ Infix result: (5 ^ 6) ^ 7 [ok]
Postfix input: 5 4 3 2 ^ ^ ^ Infix result: 5 ^ 4 ^ 3 ^ 2 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 3 + + Infix result: 1 + 2 + 3 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 + 3 + Infix result: 1 + 2 + 3 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 3 ^ ^ Infix result: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 ^ 3 ^ Infix result: (1 ^ 2) ^ 3 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 1 - 3 + Infix result: 1 - 1 + 3 [ok]
Postfix input: 3 1 1 - + Infix result: 3 + 1 - 1 [ok]
Postfix input: 1 2 3 + - Infix result: 1 - (2 + 3) [ok]
Postfix input: 4 3 2 + + Infix result: 4 + 3 + 2 [ok]
Postfix input: 5 4 3 2 + + + Infix result: 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 [ok]
Postfix input: 5 4 3 2 * * * Infix result: 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 [ok]
Postfix input: 5 4 3 2 + - + Infix result: 5 + 4 - (3 + 2) [ok]
Postfix input: 3 4 5 * - Infix result: 3 - 4 * 5 [ok]
Postfix input: 3 4 5 - * Infix result: 3 * (4 - 5) [ok]
Postfix input: 3 4 - 5 * Infix result: (3 - 4) * 5 [ok]
Postfix input: 4 2 * 1 5 - + Infix result: 4 * 2 + 1 - 5 [ok]
Postfix input: 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 ^ / Infix result: 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 [ok]
Postfix input: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + Infix result: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 [ok]
PicoLisp
We maintain a stack of cons pairs, consisting of precedences and partial expressions. Numbers get a "highest" precedence of '9'.
(de leftAssoc (Op)
(member Op '("*" "/" "+" "-")) )
(de precedence (Op)
(case Op
("\^" 4)
(("*" "/") 3)
(("+" "-") 2) ) )
(de rpnToInfix (Str)
(let Stack NIL
(prinl "Token Stack")
(for Token (str Str "_")
(cond
((num? Token) (push 'Stack (cons 9 @))) # Highest precedence
((not (cdr Stack)) (quit "Stack empty"))
(T
(let (X (pop 'Stack) P (precedence Token))
(set Stack
(cons P
(pack
(if ((if (leftAssoc Token) < <=) (caar Stack) P)
(pack "(" (cdar Stack) ")")
(cdar Stack) )
" " Token " "
(if ((if (leftAssoc Token) <= <) (car X) P)
(pack "(" (cdr X) ")")
(cdr X) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
(prin Token)
(space 6)
(println Stack) )
(prog1 (cdr (pop 'Stack))
(and Stack (quit "Garbage remained on stack")) ) ) )Test (note that the top-of-stack is in the left-most position):
: (rpnToInfix "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 \^ \^ / +")
Token Stack
3 ((9 . 3))
4 ((9 . 4) (9 . 3))
2 ((9 . 2) (9 . 4) (9 . 3))
* ((3 . "4 * 2") (9 . 3))
1 ((9 . 1) (3 . "4 * 2") (9 . 3))
5 ((9 . 5) (9 . 1) (3 . "4 * 2") (9 . 3))
- ((2 . "1 - 5") (3 . "4 * 2") (9 . 3))
2 ((9 . 2) (2 . "1 - 5") (3 . "4 * 2") (9 . 3))
3 ((9 . 3) (9 . 2) (2 . "1 - 5") (3 . "4 * 2") (9 . 3))
^ ((4 . "2 \^ 3") (2 . "1 - 5") (3 . "4 * 2") (9 . 3))
^ ((4 . "(1 - 5) \^ 2 \^ 3") (3 . "4 * 2") (9 . 3))
/ ((3 . "4 * 2 / (1 - 5) \^ 2 \^ 3") (9 . 3))
+ ((2 . "3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) \^ 2 \^ 3"))
-> "3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) \^ 2 \^ 3"
: (rpnToInfix "1 2 + 3 4 + \^ 5 6 + \^")
Token Stack
1 ((9 . 1))
2 ((9 . 2) (9 . 1))
+ ((2 . "1 + 2"))
3 ((9 . 3) (2 . "1 + 2"))
4 ((9 . 4) (9 . 3) (2 . "1 + 2"))
+ ((2 . "3 + 4") (2 . "1 + 2"))
^ ((4 . "(1 + 2) \^ (3 + 4)"))
5 ((9 . 5) (4 . "(1 + 2) \^ (3 + 4)"))
6 ((9 . 6) (9 . 5) (4 . "(1 + 2) \^ (3 + 4)"))
+ ((2 . "5 + 6") (4 . "(1 + 2) \^ (3 + 4)"))
^ ((4 . "((1 + 2) \^ (3 + 4)) \^ (5 + 6)"))
-> "((1 + 2) \^ (3 + 4)) \^ (5 + 6)"PL/I
/* Uses a push-down pop-up stack for the stack (instead of array) */
cvt: procedure options (main); /* 10 Sept. 2012 */
declare (true initial ('1'b), false initial ('0'b) ) bit (1);
declare list character (1) controlled, written bit (1) controlled;
declare (RPN, out) character (100) varying;
declare s character (1);
declare input_priority (5) fixed (1) static initial (1, 1, 2, 2, 3);
declare stack_priority (5) fixed (1) static initial (1, 1, 2, 2, 4);
declare (i, ki, kl) fixed binary;
put ('Convert a Reverse Polish expression to orthodox.');
put skip list ('Enclose the expression in apostrophes:');
get list (RPN);
put skip list ('The original Reverse Polish expression = ' || RPN);
out = '';
allocate list, written;
list = substr(RPN, length(RPN), 1); written = false;
translation:
do i = length (RPN)-1 to 1 by -1;
s = substr(RPN, i, 1);
if s = ' ' then iterate;
ki = index('+-*/^', s);
kl = index('+-*/^', list);
if ki > 0 then /* we have an operator */
do;
if input_priority (ki) < stack_priority (kl) then
do; /* transfer ')' to list, then operator. */
allocate list, written;
list = '('; written = false;
out = ')' || out;
end;
allocate list, written;
list = s; written = false;
end;
else /* It's a variable name */
do;
out = s || out;
next_list:
if allocation(list) > 0 then if written then free written, list;
if allocation(list) > 0 then if list = '(' then
do; out = list || out; free written, list; end;
if allocation (list) = 0 then leave translation;
if written then go to next_list;
written = true;
out = list || out; /* Output an operator. */
end;
put skip edit ('INPUT=' || s) (a); call show_stack;
put edit (' OUTPUT=', out) (col(30), 2 a);
end;
put skip list ('ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION=', out);
end cvt;Outputs:
The original Reverse Polish expression = 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + INPUT=/ STACK=/+ OUTPUT= INPUT=^ STACK=^/+ OUTPUT= INPUT=^ STACK=^(^/+ OUTPUT=) INPUT=3 STACK=^(^/+ OUTPUT=^3) INPUT=2 STACK=^/+ OUTPUT=^(2^3) INPUT=- STACK=-(^/+ OUTPUT=)^(2^3) INPUT=5 STACK=-(^/+ OUTPUT=-5)^(2^3) INPUT=1 STACK=/+ OUTPUT=/(1-5)^(2^3) INPUT=* STACK=*/+ OUTPUT=/(1-5)^(2^3) INPUT=2 STACK=*/+ OUTPUT=*2/(1-5)^(2^3) INPUT=4 STACK=+ OUTPUT=+4*2/(1-5)^(2^3) ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION= 3+4*2/(1-5)^(2^3) The original Reverse Polish expression = 1 2+ 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ INPUT=+ STACK=+(^ OUTPUT=) INPUT=6 STACK=+(^ OUTPUT=+6) INPUT=5 STACK=^ OUTPUT=^(5+6) INPUT=^ STACK=^(^ OUTPUT=)^(5+6) INPUT=+ STACK=+(^(^ OUTPUT=))^(5+6) INPUT=4 STACK=+(^(^ OUTPUT=+4))^(5+6) INPUT=3 STACK=^(^ OUTPUT=^(3+4))^(5+6) INPUT=+ STACK=+(^(^ OUTPUT=)^(3+4))^(5+6) INPUT=2 STACK=+(^(^ OUTPUT=+2)^(3+4))^(5+6) ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION= ((1+2)^(3+4))^(5+6)
Procedure to display stack:
show_stack: procedure;
declare stack character (1) controlled;
put edit (' STACK=') (a);
do while (allocation (list) > 0);
allocate stack; stack = list; free list; put edit (stack) (a);
end;
do while (allocation (stack) > 0);
allocate list; list = stack; free stack;
end;
end show_stack;
Python
"""
>>> # EXAMPLE USAGE
>>> result = rpn_to_infix('3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +', VERBOSE=True)
TOKEN STACK
3 ['3']
4 ['3', '4']
2 ['3', '4', '2']
* ['3', Node('2','*','4')]
1 ['3', Node('2','*','4'), '1']
5 ['3', Node('2','*','4'), '1', '5']
- ['3', Node('2','*','4'), Node('5','-','1')]
2 ['3', Node('2','*','4'), Node('5','-','1'), '2']
3 ['3', Node('2','*','4'), Node('5','-','1'), '2', '3']
^ ['3', Node('2','*','4'), Node('5','-','1'), Node('3','^','2')]
^ ['3', Node('2','*','4'), Node(Node('3','^','2'),'^',Node('5','-','1'))]
/ ['3', Node(Node(Node('3','^','2'),'^',Node('5','-','1')),'/',Node('2','*','4'))]
+ [Node(Node(Node(Node('3','^','2'),'^',Node('5','-','1')),'/',Node('2','*','4')),'+','3')]
"""
prec_dict = {'^':4, '*':3, '/':3, '+':2, '-':2}
assoc_dict = {'^':1, '*':0, '/':0, '+':0, '-':0}
class Node:
def __init__(self,x,op,y=None):
self.precedence = prec_dict[op]
self.assocright = assoc_dict[op]
self.op = op
self.x,self.y = x,y
def __str__(self):
"""
Building an infix string that evaluates correctly is easy.
Building an infix string that looks pretty and evaluates
correctly requires more effort.
"""
# easy case, Node is unary
if self.y == None:
return '%s(%s)'%(self.op,str(self.x))
# determine left side string
str_y = str(self.y)
if self.y < self or \
(self.y == self and self.assocright) or \
(str_y[0] is '-' and self.assocright):
str_y = '(%s)'%str_y
# determine right side string and operator
str_x = str(self.x)
str_op = self.op
if self.op is '+' and not isinstance(self.x, Node) and str_x[0] is '-':
str_x = str_x[1:]
str_op = '-'
elif self.op is '-' and not isinstance(self.x, Node) and str_x[0] is '-':
str_x = str_x[1:]
str_op = '+'
elif self.x < self or \
(self.x == self and not self.assocright and \
getattr(self.x, 'op', 1) != getattr(self, 'op', 2)):
str_x = '(%s)'%str_x
return ' '.join([str_y, str_op, str_x])
def __repr__(self):
"""
>>> repr(Node('3','+','4')) == repr(eval(repr(Node('3','+','4'))))
True
"""
return 'Node(%s,%s,%s)'%(repr(self.x), repr(self.op), repr(self.y))
def __lt__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, Node):
return self.precedence < other.precedence
return self.precedence < prec_dict.get(other,9)
def __gt__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, Node):
return self.precedence > other.precedence
return self.precedence > prec_dict.get(other,9)
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, Node):
return self.precedence == other.precedence
return self.precedence > prec_dict.get(other,9)
def rpn_to_infix(s, VERBOSE=False):
"""
converts rpn notation to infix notation for string s
"""
if VERBOSE : print('TOKEN STACK')
stack=[]
for token in s.replace('^','^').split():
if token in prec_dict:
stack.append(Node(stack.pop(),token,stack.pop()))
else:
stack.append(token)
# can't use \t in order to make global docstring pass doctest
if VERBOSE : print(token+' '*(7-len(token))+repr(stack))
return str(stack[0])
strTest = "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +"
strResult = rpn_to_infix(strTest, VERBOSE=False)
print ("Input: ",strTest)
print ("Output:",strResult)
print()
strTest = "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"
strResult = rpn_to_infix(strTest, VERBOSE=False)
print ("Input: ",strTest)
print ("Output:",strResult)
Output:
Input: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + Output: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 Input: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ Output: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Racket
#lang racket
(require racket/dict)
(define (RPN->infix expr)
(define-values (res _)
(for/fold ([stack '()] [prec '()]) ([t expr])
(show t stack prec)
(cond
[(dict-has-key? operators t)
(match-define (list pt at) (dict-ref operators t))
(match-define (list y x ss ...) stack)
(match-define (list py px ps ...) prec)
(define fexpr
(cond
[(> pt (max px py)) "(~a) ~a (~a)"]
[(or (< px pt) (and (= pt px) (eq? at 'r))) "(~a) ~a ~a"]
[(or (< py pt) (and (= pt py) (eq? at 'l))) "~a ~a (~a)"]
[else "~a ~a ~a"]))
(define term (format fexpr x t y))
(values (cons term ss) (cons pt ps))]
[else (values (cons t stack) (cons +inf.0 prec))])))
(car res))
;; the list of operators and their properties
(define operators '((+ 2 l) (- 2 l) (* 3 l) (/ 3 l) (^ 4 r)))
;; printing out the intermediate stages
(define (show t stack prec)
(printf "~a\t" t)
(for ([s stack] [p prec])
(if (eq? +inf.0 p) (printf "[~a] " s) (printf "[~a {~a}] " s p)))
(newline))
Output:
-> (RPN->infix '(3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +))
3
4 [3]
2 [4] [3]
* [2] [4] [3]
1 [4 * 2 {3}] [3]
5 [1] [4 * 2 {3}] [3]
- [5] [1] [4 * 2 {3}] [3]
2 [1 - 5 {2}] [4 * 2 {3}] [3]
3 [2] [1 - 5 {2}] [4 * 2 {3}] [3]
^ [3] [2] [1 - 5 {2}] [4 * 2 {3}] [3]
^ [2 ^ 3 {4}] [1 - 5 {2}] [4 * 2 {3}] [3]
/ [(1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 {4}] [4 * 2 {3}] [3]
+ [4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 {3}] [3]
"3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
-> (RPN->infix '(1 2 + 3 4 + ^))
1
2 [1]
+ [2] [1]
3 [1 + 2 {2}]
4 [3] [1 + 2 {2}]
+ [4] [3] [1 + 2 {2}]
^ [3 + 4 {2}] [1 + 2 {2}]
"(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)"
-> (RPN->infix '(moon stars mud + * fire soup * ^))
moon
stars [moon]
mud [stars] [moon]
+ [mud] [stars] [moon]
* [stars + mud {2}] [moon]
fire [moon * (stars + mud) {3}]
soup [fire] [moon * (stars + mud) {3}]
* [soup] [fire] [moon * (stars + mud) {3}]
^ [fire * soup {3}] [moon * (stars + mud) {3}]
"(moon * (stars + mud)) ^ (fire * soup)"
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
sub p ($pair, $prec) { $pair.key < $prec ?? "( {$pair.value} )" !! $pair.value }
sub rpm-to-infix($string) {
my @stack;
for $string.words {
when /\d/ { @stack.push: 9 => $_ }
my ($y,$x) = @stack.pop, @stack.pop;
when '^' { @stack.push: 4 => ~(p($x,5), $_, p($y,4)) }
when '*' | '/' { @stack.push: 3 => ~(p($x,3), $_, p($y,3)) }
when '+' | '-' { @stack.push: 2 => ~(p($x,2), $_, p($y,2)) }
}
($string, @stack».value).join("\n") ~ "\n";
}
say rpm-to-infix $_ for
'3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +',
'1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^';
- Output:
3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ ( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )
REXX
A Yen symbol ¥ was used instead of a 9 to make it apparenet that it's just a placeholder.
The same reasoning was used for the operator associations (the left ◄ and right ► arrow symbols).
/*REXX program converts Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) ───► an infix notation. */
showAction = 1 /* 0 if no showActions wanted. */
# = 0 /*initialize stack pointer to 0 (zero).*/
oS = '+ - / * ^' /*the operator symbols. */
oP = '2 2 3 3 4' /*the operator priorities. */
oA = '◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ►' /*the operator associations. */
say "infix: " toInfix( "3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +" )
say "infix: " toInfix( "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^" ) /* [↓] Sprechen Sie Deutsch? */
say "infix: " toInfix( "Mond Sterne Schlamm + * Feur Suppe * ^" )
exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
pop: pop= #; #= # - 1; return @.pop
push: #= # + 1; @.#= arg(1); return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
stack2str: $=; do j=1 for #; _ = @.j; y= left(_, 1)
if pos(' ', _)==0 then _ = '{'strip( substr(_, 2) )"}"
else _ = substr(_, 2)
$=$ '{'strip(y _)"}"
end /*j*/
return space($)
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
toInfix: parse arg rpn; say copies('─', 80 - 1); say 'RPN: ' space(rpn)
do N=1 for words(RPN) /*process each of the RPN tokens.*/
?= word(RPN, N) /*obtain next item in the list. */
if pos(?,oS)==0 then call push '¥' ? /*when in doubt, add a Yen to it.*/
else do; g= pop(); gp= left(g, 1); g= substr(g, 2)
h= pop(); hp= left(h, 1); h= substr(h, 2)
tp= substr(oP, pos(?, oS), 1)
ta= substr(oA, pos(?, oS), 1)
if hp<tp | (hp==tp & ta=='►') then h= "("h")"
if gp<tp | (gp==tp & ta=='◄') then g= "("g")"
call push tp || h ? g
end
if showAction then say right(?, 25) "──►" stack2str()
end /*N*/
return space( substr( pop(), 2) )
- output when using the default inputs: [Output is very similar to AWK's output.]
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RPN: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +
3 ──► {¥ 3}
4 ──► {¥ 3} {¥ 4}
2 ──► {¥ 3} {¥ 4} {¥ 2}
* ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2}
1 ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2} {¥ 1}
5 ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2} {¥ 1} {¥ 5}
- ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2} {2 1 - 5}
2 ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2} {2 1 - 5} {¥ 2}
3 ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2} {2 1 - 5} {¥ 2} {¥ 3}
^ ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2} {2 1 - 5} {4 2 ^ 3}
^ ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2} {4 ( 1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}
/ ──► {¥ 3} {3 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}
+ ──► {2 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}
infix: 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RPN: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^
1 ──► {¥ 1}
2 ──► {¥ 1} {¥ 2}
+ ──► {2 1 + 2}
3 ──► {2 1 + 2} {¥ 3}
4 ──► {2 1 + 2} {¥ 3} {¥ 4}
+ ──► {2 1 + 2} {2 3 + 4}
^ ──► {4 ( 1 + 2) ^ ( 3 + 4)}
5 ──► {4 ( 1 + 2) ^ ( 3 + 4)} {¥ 5}
6 ──► {4 ( 1 + 2) ^ ( 3 + 4)} {¥ 5} {¥ 6}
+ ──► {4 ( 1 + 2) ^ ( 3 + 4)} {2 5 + 6}
^ ──► {4 (( 1 + 2) ^ ( 3 + 4)) ^ ( 5 + 6)}
infix: (( 1 + 2) ^ ( 3 + 4)) ^ ( 5 + 6)
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RPN: Mond Sterne Schlamm + * Feur Suppe * ^
Mond ──► {¥ Mond}
Sterne ──► {¥ Mond} {¥ Sterne}
Schlamm ──► {¥ Mond} {¥ Sterne} {¥ Schlamm}
+ ──► {¥ Mond} {2 Sterne + Schlamm}
* ──► {3 Mond * ( Sterne + Schlamm)}
Feur ──► {3 Mond * ( Sterne + Schlamm)} {¥ Feur}
Suppe ──► {3 Mond * ( Sterne + Schlamm)} {¥ Feur} {¥ Suppe}
* ──► {3 Mond * ( Sterne + Schlamm)} {3 Feur * Suppe}
^ ──► {4 ( Mond * ( Sterne + Schlamm)) ^ ( Feur * Suppe)}
infix: ( Mond * ( Sterne + Schlamm)) ^ ( Feur * Suppe)
RPL
It adds more parentheses than required, thus avoiding any ambiguity.
« IF DUP " " POS THEN " )" + "( " SWAP + END » 'ADDPAR' STO « "}" + "{" SWAP + STR→ @ tokenize → postfix « 1 postfix SIZE FOR j postfix j GET →STR IF "+-*/^" OVER POS THEN ROT ADDPAR " " + SWAP + " " + SWAP ADDPAR + END NEXT » » '→INFIX' STO
"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +" →INFIX "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^" →INFIX
- Output:
2: "3 + ( ( 4 * 2 ) / ( ( 1 - 5 ) ^ ( 2 ^ 3 ) ) )" 1: "( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )"
Ruby
See Parsing/RPN/Ruby
rpn = RPNExpression.new("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +")
infix = rpn.to_infix
ruby = rpn.to_ruby
outputs
for RPN expression: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + Term Action Stack 3 PUSH [node[3]] 4 PUSH [node[3], node[4]] 2 PUSH [node[3], node[4], node[2]] * MUL [node[3], node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>] 1 PUSH [node[3], node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, node[1]] 5 PUSH [node[3], node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, node[1], node[5]] - SUB [node[3], node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, node[-]<left=node[1], right=node[5]>] 2 PUSH [node[3], node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, node[-]<left=node[1], right=node[5]>, node[2]] 3 PUSH [node[3], node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, node[-]<left=node[1], right=node[5]>, node[2], node[3]] ^ EXP [node[3], node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, node[-]<left=node[1], right=node[5]>, node[^]<left=node[2], right=node[3]>] ^ EXP [node[3], node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, node[^]<left=node[-]<left=node[1], right=node[5]>, right=node[^]<left=node[2], right=node[3]>>] / DIV [node[3], node[/]<left=node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, right=node[^]<left=node[-]<left=node[1], right=node[5]>, right=node[^]<left=node[2], right=node[3]>>>] + ADD [node[+]<left=node[3], right=node[/]<left=node[*]<left=node[4], right=node[2]>, right=node[^]<left=node[-]<left=node[1], right=node[5]>, right=node[^]<left=node[2], right=node[3]>>>>] Infix = 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 Ruby = 3 + 4 * 2.to_f / ( 1 - 5 ) ** 2 ** 3
Sidef
func p(pair, prec) {
pair[0] < prec ? "( #{pair[1]} )" : pair[1]
}
func rpm_to_infix(string) {
say "#{'='*17}\n#{string}"
var stack = []
string.each_word { |w|
if (w ~~ /\d/) {
stack << [9, Num(w)]
}
else {
var y = stack.pop
var x = stack.pop
given(w) {
when ('^') { stack << [4, [p(x,5), w, p(y,4)].join(' ')] }
when (<* />) { stack << [3, [p(x,3), w, p(y,3)].join(' ')] }
when (<+ ->) { stack << [2, [p(x,2), w, p(y,2)].join(' ')] }
}
say stack
}
}
say '-'*17
stack.map{_[1]}
}
var tests = [
'3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +',
'1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^',
]
tests.each { say rpm_to_infix(_).join(' ') }
- Output:
================= 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + [[9, 3], [3, "4 * 2"]] [[9, 3], [3, "4 * 2"], [2, "1 - 5"]] [[9, 3], [3, "4 * 2"], [2, "1 - 5"], [4, "2 ^ 3"]] [[9, 3], [3, "4 * 2"], [4, "( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"]] [[9, 3], [3, "4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"]] [[2, "3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"]] ----------------- 3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3 ================= 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ [[2, "1 + 2"]] [[2, "1 + 2"], [2, "3 + 4"]] [[4, "( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )"]] [[4, "( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 )"], [2, "5 + 6"]] [[4, "( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )"]] ----------------- ( ( 1 + 2 ) ^ ( 3 + 4 ) ) ^ ( 5 + 6 )
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.5
# Helpers
proc precassoc op {
dict get {^ {4 right} * {3 left} / {3 left} + {2 left} - {2 left}} $op
}
proc pop stk {
upvar 1 $stk s
set val [lindex $s end]
set s [lreplace $s end end]
return $val
}
proc rpn2infix rpn {
foreach token $rpn {
switch $token {
"^" - "/" - "*" - "+" - "-" {
lassign [pop stack] bprec b
lassign [pop stack] aprec a
lassign [precassoc $token] p assoc
if {$aprec < $p || ($aprec == $p && $assoc eq "right")} {
set a "($a)"
}
if {$bprec < $p || ($bprec == $p && $assoc eq "left")} {
set b "($b)"
}
lappend stack [list $p "$a $token $b"]
}
default {
lappend stack [list 9 $token]
}
}
puts "$token -> $stack"
}
return [lindex $stack end 1]
}
puts [rpn2infix {3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +}]
puts [rpn2infix {1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^}]
Output:
3 -> {9 3}
4 -> {9 3} {9 4}
2 -> {9 3} {9 4} {9 2}
* -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}}
1 -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {9 1}
5 -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {9 1} {9 5}
- -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {2 {1 - 5}}
2 -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {2 {1 - 5}} {9 2}
3 -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {2 {1 - 5}} {9 2} {9 3}
^ -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {2 {1 - 5}} {4 {2 ^ 3}}
^ -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2}} {4 {(1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}}
/ -> {9 3} {3 {4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}}
+ -> {2 {3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3}}
3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
1 -> {9 1}
2 -> {9 1} {9 2}
+ -> {2 {1 + 2}}
3 -> {2 {1 + 2}} {9 3}
4 -> {2 {1 + 2}} {9 3} {9 4}
+ -> {2 {1 + 2}} {2 {3 + 4}}
^ -> {4 {(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)}}
5 -> {4 {(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)}} {9 5}
6 -> {4 {(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)}} {9 5} {9 6}
+ -> {4 {(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)}} {2 {5 + 6}}
^ -> {4 {((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)}}
((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
TXR
This solution is a little long because it works by translating RPN to fully parenthesized prefix (Lisp notation).
Also, it improves upon the problem slightly. Note that for the operators * and +, the associativity is configured asnil ("no associativity") rather than left-to-right. This is because these operators obey the associative property: (a + b) + c is a + (b + c), and so we usually write a + b + c or a * b * c without any parentheses, leaving it ambiguous which addition is done first. Associativity is not important for these operators.
The lisp-to-infix filter then takes advantage of this non-associativity in minimizing the parentheses.
;; alias for circumflex, which is reserved syntax
(defvar exp (intern "^"))
(defvar *prec* ^((,exp . 4) (* . 3) (/ . 3) (+ . 2) (- . 2)))
(defvar *asso* ^((,exp . :right) (* . nil)
(/ . :left) (+ . nil) (- . :left)))
(defun debug-print (label val)
(format t "~a: ~a\n" label val)
val)
(defun rpn-to-lisp (rpn)
(let (stack)
(each ((term rpn))
(if (symbolp (debug-print "rpn term" term))
(let ((right (pop stack))
(left (pop stack)))
(push ^(,term ,left ,right) stack))
(push term stack))
(debug-print "stack" stack))
(if (rest stack)
(return-from error "*excess stack elements*"))
(debug-print "lisp" (pop stack))))
(defun prec (term)
(or (cdr (assoc term *prec*)) 99))
(defun asso (term dfl)
(or (cdr (assoc term *asso*)) dfl))
(defun inf-term (op term left-or-right)
(if (atom term)
`@term`
(let ((pt (prec (car term)))
(po (prec op))
(at (asso (car term) left-or-right))
(ao (asso op left-or-right)))
(cond
((< pt po) `(@(lisp-to-infix term))`)
((> pt po) `@(lisp-to-infix term)`)
((and (eq at ao) (eq left-or-right ao)) `@(lisp-to-infix term)`)
(t `(@(lisp-to-infix term))`)))))
(defun lisp-to-infix (lisp)
(tree-case lisp
((op left right) (let ((left-inf (inf-term op left :left))
(right-inf (inf-term op right :right)))
`@{left-inf} @op @{right-inf}`))
(() (return-from error "*stack underflow*"))
(else `@lisp`)))
(defun string-to-rpn (str)
(debug-print "rpn"
(mapcar (do if (int-str @1) (int-str @1) (intern @1))
(tok-str str #/[^ \t]+/))))
(debug-print "infix"
(block error
(tree-case *args*
((a b . c) "*excess args*")
((a) (lisp-to-infix (rpn-to-lisp (string-to-rpn a))))
(else "*arg needed*"))))- Output:
$ txr rpn.tl '3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +' rpn: (3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +) rpn term: 3 stack: (3) rpn term: 4 stack: (4 3) rpn term: 2 stack: (2 4 3) rpn term: * stack: ((* 4 2) 3) rpn term: 1 stack: (1 (* 4 2) 3) rpn term: 5 stack: (5 1 (* 4 2) 3) rpn term: - stack: ((- 1 5) (* 4 2) 3) rpn term: 2 stack: (2 (- 1 5) (* 4 2) 3) rpn term: 3 stack: (3 2 (- 1 5) (* 4 2) 3) rpn term: ^ stack: ((^ 2 3) (- 1 5) (* 4 2) 3) rpn term: ^ stack: ((^ (- 1 5) (^ 2 3)) (* 4 2) 3) rpn term: / stack: ((/ (* 4 2) (^ (- 1 5) (^ 2 3))) 3) rpn term: + stack: ((+ 3 (/ (* 4 2) (^ (- 1 5) (^ 2 3))))) lisp: (+ 3 (/ (* 4 2) (^ (- 1 5) (^ 2 3)))) infix: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 $ txr rpn.tl '1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^' rpn: (1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^) rpn term: 1 stack: (1) rpn term: 2 stack: (2 1) rpn term: + stack: ((+ 1 2)) rpn term: 3 stack: (3 (+ 1 2)) rpn term: 4 stack: (4 3 (+ 1 2)) rpn term: + stack: ((+ 3 4) (+ 1 2)) rpn term: ^ stack: ((^ (+ 1 2) (+ 3 4))) rpn term: 5 stack: (5 (^ (+ 1 2) (+ 3 4))) rpn term: 6 stack: (6 5 (^ (+ 1 2) (+ 3 4))) rpn term: + stack: ((+ 5 6) (^ (+ 1 2) (+ 3 4))) rpn term: ^ stack: ((^ (^ (+ 1 2) (+ 3 4)) (+ 5 6))) lisp: (^ (^ (+ 1 2) (+ 3 4)) (+ 5 6)) infix: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Associativity tests (abbreviated output):
$ txr rpn.tl '1 2 3 + +' [ ... ] infix: 1 + 2 + 3 $ txr rpn.tl '1 2 + 3 +' [ ... ] infix: 1 + 2 + 3 $ txr rpn.tl '1 2 3 ^ ^' rpn tokens: [1 2 3 ^ ^] [ ... ] infix: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 $ txr rpn.tl '1 2 ^ 3 ^' [ ... ] infix: (1 ^ 2) ^ 3 $ txr rpn.tl '1 1 - 3 +' [ .. ] infix: 1 - 1 + 3 $ txr rpn.tl '3 1 1 - +' [ .. ] infix: 3 + (1 - 1)
Visual Basic .NET
Option Strict On
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions
Module Module1
Class Operator_
Sub New(t As Char, p As Integer, Optional i As Boolean = False)
Token = t
Precedence = p
IsRightAssociative = i
End Sub
Property Token As Char
Get
Return m_token
End Get
Private Set(value As Char)
m_token = value
End Set
End Property
Property Precedence As Integer
Get
Return m_precedence
End Get
Private Set(value As Integer)
m_precedence = value
End Set
End Property
Property IsRightAssociative As Boolean
Get
Return m_right
End Get
Private Set(value As Boolean)
m_right = value
End Set
End Property
Private m_token As Char
Private m_precedence As Integer
Private m_right As Boolean
End Class
ReadOnly operators As New Dictionary(Of Char, Operator_) From {
{"+"c, New Operator_("+"c, 2)},
{"-"c, New Operator_("-"c, 2)},
{"/"c, New Operator_("/"c, 3)},
{"*"c, New Operator_("*"c, 3)},
{"^"c, New Operator_("^"c, 4, True)}
}
Class Expression
Public Sub New(e As String)
Ex = e
End Sub
Sub New(e1 As String, e2 As String, o As Operator_)
Ex = String.Format("{0} {1} {2}", e1, o.Token, e2)
Op = o
End Sub
ReadOnly Property Ex As String
ReadOnly Property Op As Operator_
End Class
Function PostfixToInfix(postfix As String) As String
Dim stack As New Stack(Of Expression)
For Each token As String In Regex.Split(postfix, "\s+")
Dim c = token(0)
Dim op = operators.FirstOrDefault(Function(kv) kv.Key = c).Value
If Not IsNothing(op) AndAlso token.Length = 1 Then
Dim rhs = stack.Pop()
Dim lhs = stack.Pop()
Dim opPrec = op.Precedence
Dim lhsPrec = If(IsNothing(lhs.Op), Integer.MaxValue, lhs.Op.Precedence)
Dim rhsPrec = If(IsNothing(rhs.Op), Integer.MaxValue, rhs.Op.Precedence)
Dim newLhs As String
If lhsPrec < opPrec OrElse (lhsPrec = opPrec AndAlso c = "^") Then
'lhs.Ex = "(" + lhs.Ex + ")"
newLhs = "(" + lhs.Ex + ")"
Else
newLhs = lhs.Ex
End If
Dim newRhs As String
If rhsPrec < opPrec OrElse (rhsPrec = opPrec AndAlso c <> "^") Then
'rhs.Ex = "(" + rhs.Ex + ")"
newRhs = "(" + rhs.Ex + ")"
Else
newRhs = rhs.Ex
End If
stack.Push(New Expression(newLhs, newRhs, op))
Else
stack.Push(New Expression(token))
End If
'Print intermediate result
Console.WriteLine("{0} -> [{1}]", token, String.Join(", ", stack.Reverse().Select(Function(e) e.Ex)))
Next
Return stack.Peek().Ex
End Function
Sub Main()
Dim inputs = {"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +", "1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"}
For Each e In inputs
Console.WriteLine("Postfix : {0}", e)
Console.WriteLine("Infix : {0}", PostfixToInfix(e))
Console.WriteLine()
Next
Console.ReadLine() 'remove before submit
End Sub
End Module
- Output:
Postfix : 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + 3 -> [3] 4 -> [3, 4] 2 -> [3, 4, 2] * -> [3, 4 * 2] 1 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1] 5 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1, 5] - -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5] 2 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2] 3 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] / -> [3, 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] + -> [3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] Infix : 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 Postfix : 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ 1 -> [1] 2 -> [1, 2] + -> [1 + 2] 3 -> [1 + 2, 3] 4 -> [1 + 2, 3, 4] + -> [1 + 2, 3 + 4] ^ -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)] 5 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5] 6 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5, 6] + -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5 + 6] ^ -> [((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)] Infix : ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
Wren
import "./seq" for Stack
import "./pattern" for Pattern
class Expression {
static ops { "-+/*^" }
construct new(ex, op, prec) {
_ex = ex
_op = op
_prec = prec
}
static build(e1, e2, o) { new("%(e1) %(o) %(e2)", o, (ops.indexOf(o)/2).floor) }
ex { _ex }
ex=(other) { _ex = other }
prec { _prec }
toString { _ex }
}
var postfixToInfix = Fn.new { |postfix|
var expr = Stack.new()
var p = Pattern.new("+1/s")
for (token in p.splitAll(postfix)) {
var c = token[0]
var idx = Expression.ops.indexOf(c)
if (idx != -1 && token.count == 1) {
var r = expr.pop()
var l = expr.pop()
var opPrec = (idx/2).floor
if (l.prec < opPrec || (l.prec == opPrec && c == "^")) {
l.ex = "(%(l.ex))"
}
if (r.prec < opPrec || (r.prec == opPrec && c != "^")) {
r.ex = "(%(r.ex))"
}
expr.push(Expression.build(l.ex, r.ex, token))
} else {
expr.push(Expression.new(token, "", 3))
}
System.print("%(token) -> %(expr)")
}
return expr.peek().ex
}
var es = [
"3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +",
"1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^"
]
for (e in es) {
System.print("Postfix : %(e)")
System.print("Infix : %(postfixToInfix.call(e))\n")
}
- Output:
Postfix : 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / + 3 -> [3] 4 -> [3, 4] 2 -> [3, 4, 2] * -> [3, 4 * 2] 1 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1] 5 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1, 5] - -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5] 2 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2] 3 -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2, 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, 1 - 5, 2 ^ 3] ^ -> [3, 4 * 2, (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] / -> [3, 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] + -> [3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3] Infix : 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3 Postfix : 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^ 1 -> [1] 2 -> [1, 2] + -> [1 + 2] 3 -> [1 + 2, 3] 4 -> [1 + 2, 3, 4] + -> [1 + 2, 3 + 4] ^ -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)] 5 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5] 6 -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5, 6] + -> [(1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4), 5 + 6] ^ -> [((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)] Infix : ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
zkl
tests:=T("3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +","1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^");
var opa=D(
"^",T(4, True),
"*",T(3, False), "/",T(3, False),
"+",T(2, False), "-",T(2, False) );
const nPrec = 9;
foreach t in (tests) { parseRPN(t) }
fcn parseRPN(e){
println("\npostfix:", e);
stack:=L();
foreach tok in (e.split()){
println("token: ", tok);
opPrec,rAssoc:=opa.find(tok,T(Void,Void));
if(opPrec){
rhsPrec,rhsExpr := stack.pop();
lhsPrec,lhsExpr := stack.pop();
if(lhsPrec < opPrec or (lhsPrec == opPrec and rAssoc))
lhsExpr = "(" + lhsExpr + ")";
lhsExpr += " " + tok + " ";
if(rhsPrec < opPrec or (rhsPrec == opPrec and not rAssoc)){
lhsExpr += "(" + rhsExpr + ")"
} else
lhsExpr += rhsExpr;
lhsPrec = opPrec;
stack.append(T(lhsPrec,lhsExpr));
} else
stack.append(T(nPrec, tok));
foreach f in (stack){
println(0'| %d "%s"|.fmt(f.xplode()))
}
}
println("infix:", stack[0][1])
}- Output:
postfix: 3 4 2 * 1 5 - 2 3 ^ ^ / +
token: 3
9 "3"
token: 4
9 "3"
9 "4"
...<see Go output>
token: ^
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2"
4 "(1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
token: /
9 "3"
3 "4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
token: +
2 "3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3"
infix: 3 + 4 * 2 / (1 - 5) ^ 2 ^ 3
postfix: 1 2 + 3 4 + ^ 5 6 + ^
...<see Go output>
infix: ((1 + 2) ^ (3 + 4)) ^ (5 + 6)
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