Keyboard macros
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Show how to link user defined methods to user defined keys.
An example of this is the facility provided by emacs for key bindings.
These key bindings may be application-specific or system-wide; state which you have done.
AutoHotkey
Loop, 200 ; loop 200 times while not paused
{
TrayTip, counting, %A_Index% press alt-p to pause
Sleep, 1000
}
!p:: ; links alt-p key combination to the method pauseme() (system wide)
pauseMe()
Return
!r:: ; links alt-r key combination to the method resume() (system wide)
resume()
Return
pauseMe()
{
MsgBox, pausing`, press alt-r to resume
Pause
}
resume()
{
TrayTip, resume, resuming, 2
Pause, off
}
See ahk-viper-mode for a context sensitive vi key bindings example.
BBC BASIC
Native
*KEY 1 |!|A
*KEY 2 |!|B
REPEAT
key% = INKEY(1)
CASE key% OF
WHEN &81: PROCmethod1
WHEN &82: PROCmethod2
ENDCASE
UNTIL FALSE
END
DEF PROCmethod1
PRINT "You pressed F1"
ENDPROC
DEF PROCmethod2
PRINT "You pressed F2"
ENDPROC
Windows
FVIRTKEY = 1
VK_F1 = &70
VK_F2 = &71
nsc% = 2
DIM accel{(nsc%-1) fVirt&, pad&, key{l&,h&}, cmd{l&,h&}}
accel{(0)}.fVirt& = FVIRTKEY : accel{(1)}.fVirt& = FVIRTKEY
accel{(0)}.key.l& = VK_F1 : accel{(0)}.cmd.l& = &81
accel{(1)}.key.l& = VK_F2 : accel{(1)}.cmd.l& = &82
SYS "CreateAcceleratorTable", accel{(0)}, nsc% TO haccel%
@haccel% = haccel%
@hwacc% = @hwnd%
ON SYS PROCsys(@wparam%) : RETURN
REPEAT
WAIT 1
UNTIL FALSE
END
DEF PROCsys(W%)
CASE W% AND &FFFF OF
WHEN &81: PROCmethod1
WHEN &82: PROCmethod2
ENDCASE
ENDPROC
DEF PROCmethod1
PRINT "You pressed F1"
ENDPROC
DEF PROCmethod2
PRINT "You pressed F2"
ENDPROC
C
The following example grabs Alt+F6 and Alt+F7 system-wide on a X server.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/keysym.h>
int main()
{
Display *d;
XEvent event;
d = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
if ( d != NULL ) {
/* or simply XK_F7 should work too */
XGrabKey(d, XKeysymToKeycode(d, XStringToKeysym("F7")),
Mod1Mask, /* normally it's Alt */
DefaultRootWindow(d), True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
XGrabKey(d, XKeysymToKeycode(d, XStringToKeysym("F6")),
Mod1Mask,
DefaultRootWindow(d), True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
for(;;)
{
XNextEvent(d, &event);
if ( event.type == KeyPress ) {
KeySym s = XLookupKeysym(&event.xkey, 0);
if ( s == XK_F7 ) {
printf("something's happened\n");
} else if ( s == XK_F6 ) {
break;
}
}
}
XUngrabKey(d, XKeysymToKeycode(d, XStringToKeysym("F7")), Mod1Mask, DefaultRootWindow(d));
XUngrabKey(d, XKeysymToKeycode(d, XStringToKeysym("F6")), Mod1Mask, DefaultRootWindow(d));
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Clojure
The following example is at application level, printing out what key was pressed:
(ns hello-seesaw.core
(:use seesaw.core))
(defn -main [& args]
(invoke-later
(-> (frame
:listen [:key-pressed (fn [e] (println (.getKeyChar e) " key pressed"))]
:on-close :exit)
pack!
show!)))
Delphi
Version Console Application
program Key_Bindings_test;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
{$R *.res}
uses
System.SysUtils,
Winapi.Windows,
Messages,
Classes;
type
// Class of application without window
TWindowlessApplication = class
private
Terminated: Boolean;
F7_id: Word;
F6_id: Word;
WIN_A: Word;
procedure HandleMessage;
public
Handle: THandle;
constructor Create;
destructor Destroy;
procedure Run;
end;
{ TWindowlessApplication }
constructor TWindowlessApplication.Create;
begin
// Allocate handle to receve a mensages
Handle := CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW, 'TWindowlessApplication', '',
WS_POPUP, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, HInstance, nil);
// Set the key bind for WIN+A, F6 and F7
WIN_A := GlobalAddAtom('Hotkey_WIN_A');
F6_id := GlobalAddAtom('Hotkey_F6');
F7_id := GlobalAddAtom('Hotkey_F7');
RegisterHotKey(Handle, WIN_A, MOD_WIN, ord('A'));
RegisterHotKey(Handle, F6_id, 0, VK_F6);
RegisterHotKey(Handle, F7_id, 0, VK_F7);
// Set flag to keep running application
Terminated := false;
end;
destructor TWindowlessApplication.Destroy;
begin
// Remove key bind
UnRegisterHotKey(Handle, WIN_A);
UnRegisterHotKey(Handle, F6_id);
UnRegisterHotKey(Handle, F7_id);
GlobalDeleteAtom(WIN_A);
GlobalDeleteAtom(F6_id);
GlobalDeleteAtom(F7_id);
// Deallocate handle
DeallocateHWnd(Handle);
end;
procedure TWindowlessApplication.Run;
begin
// Application loop
repeat
// Deal with new messages
HandleMessage();
until Terminated;
end;
procedure TWindowlessApplication.HandleMessage;
var
Msg: TMsg;
begin
// Check for new messages
if PeekMessage(Msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE) then
begin
// Extract it
PeekMessageW(Msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
// Check if Msg is a HOTKEY mensage
if Msg.message = WM_HOTKEY then
begin
// Check if the hotkey is for Win+A
if Msg.wParam = WIN_A then
begin
// Report and terminate
writeln('Win + A pressed !'#10);
writeln('Bye bye');
Terminated := true;
end;
// Check if the hotkey is for F6
if Msg.wParam = F6_id then
begin
// Report and terminate
writeln('F6 pressed !');
end;
// Check if the hotkey is for F7
if Msg.wParam = F7_id then
begin
// Report and terminate
writeln('F7 pressed !');
end;
end;
end;
end;
var
App: TWindowlessApplication;
begin
App := TWindowlessApplication.Create;
Writeln('Waiting user press F6 ou F7, then press WIN+A for terminate');
App.Run;
App.Destroy;
readln;
end.
- Output:
Waiting user press F6 ou F7, then press WIN+A for terminate F6 pressed ! F7 pressed ! Win + A pressed ! Bye bye
EchoLisp
The (meta-key "key-value" "bound-string") function binds a modifier+key keypress to a string or function call.
;; see initial bindings : GREEK DICTIONARY
(meta-keys) → (("0" "❌") ("1" "❗️") ("2" "❓") ("3" "✔️") ("4" "⛔️") ("5" "✅") ("6" "🚩") ("7" "⌚️")
("8" "🏁") ("9" "😜") ("a" "α") ("b" "β") ("g" "γ") ("d" "δ") ("e" "ε") ("z" "ζ") ("h" "η") ("t" "τ")
("i" "ι") ("k" "κ") ("l" "λ") ("m" "μ") ("n" "ν") ("x" "ξ") ("q" "ο") ("p" "π") ("r" "ρ") ("w" "ς")
("s" "σ") ("u" "υ") ("f" "φ") ("c" "χ") ("y" "ψ") ("o" "ω") ("A" "Α") ("B" "Β") ("G" "Γ") ("D" "Δ")
("E" "Ε") ("Z" "Ζ") ("H" "Η") ("T" "Τ") ("I" "Ι") ("K" "Κ") ("L" "Λ") ("M" "Μ") ("N" "Ν") ("X" "Ξ") ("Q" "Ο") ("P" "Π") ("R" "Ρ") ("S" "Σ") ("U" "Υ") ("F" "Φ") ("C" "Χ") ("Y" "Ψ") ("O" "Ω"))
;; define modifier to use : Control key
(define-modifier-key "ctrl")
;; type : ctrl-R, ctrl-O, ...
- ΡΩΣΕΤΤΑ
;; custom bindings
(meta-key "A" "Antoinette") ; string
(meta-key "H" "(begin (writeln 'HELLO) (date 'today))") ; function call
Go
Note that 'cgo' does not support C unions as such - it expresses them as byte arrays. Consequently, the easiest way to access a field of a union (such as XEvent) is to write a C assessor function for it and then invoke that function from the Go side.
Note also that if you pass 'nil' to the XOpenDisplay function, it defaults to the value of the DISPLAY environment variable which has to be in a certain format to enable a connection to the X server to be established - check the documentation for details.
package main
/*
#cgo LDFLAGS: -lX11
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/keysym.h>
static inline Window DefaultRootWindow_macro(Display *dpy) {
return ScreenOfDisplay(dpy, DefaultScreen(dpy))->root;
}
static inline int getXEvent_type(XEvent event) {
return event.type;
}
static inline XKeyEvent getXEvent_xkey(XEvent event) {
return event.xkey;
}
*/
import "C"
import "fmt"
import "unsafe"
func main() {
d := C.XOpenDisplay(nil)
f7, f6 := C.CString("F7"), C.CString("F6")
defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(f7))
defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(f6))
if d != nil {
C.XGrabKey(d, C.int(C.XKeysymToKeycode(d, C.XStringToKeysym(f7))),
C.Mod1Mask, /* normally it's Alt */
C.DefaultRootWindow_macro(d), C.True, C.GrabModeAsync, C.GrabModeAsync)
C.XGrabKey(d, C.int(C.XKeysymToKeycode(d, C.XStringToKeysym(f6))),
C.Mod1Mask,
C.DefaultRootWindow_macro(d), C.True, C.GrabModeAsync, C.GrabModeAsync)
var event C.XEvent
for {
C.XNextEvent(d, &event)
if C.getXEvent_type(event) == C.KeyPress {
xkeyEvent := C.getXEvent_xkey(event)
s := C.XLookupKeysym(&xkeyEvent, 0)
if s == C.XK_F7 {
fmt.Println("something's happened")
} else if s == C.XK_F6 {
break
}
}
}
C.XUngrabKey(d, C.int(C.XKeysymToKeycode(d, C.XStringToKeysym(f7))), C.Mod1Mask, C.DefaultRootWindow_macro(d))
C.XUngrabKey(d, C.int(C.XKeysymToKeycode(d, C.XStringToKeysym(f6))), C.Mod1Mask, C.DefaultRootWindow_macro(d))
} else {
fmt.Println("XOpenDisplay did not succeed")
}
}
HicEst
! bound to application
CALL F2
! ...
END
SUBROUTINE F2 ! this text shows as tooltip text. F2 ... F9 are possible
! synchronous call: CALL F2
! asynchronous calls: F2 key
! mouse click on the F2 toolbar tool
! ALARM( delay_seconds, 2 )
! check if a modifier key is pressed, or a lock key is activated to control program flow:
KEY(SHift=shft, Control=cntl, ALt=alt, CApital=caps, Numlock=num, SCRoll=scrl)
WRITE(ClipBoard, Name) shft, cntl, alt, caps, num, scrl
! shft=1; cntl=2; alt=4; caps=8; num=16; scrl=32;
! is copied to clipboard if all 6 keys are activated and the F2 tool is clicked
! Alarm methods F2 ... F9 suspend program flow, which is resumed when finished
! If Fn is running and Fm is called:
! Fn is suspended if m > n AND n <= 5, else Fm is queued
! ...
ENDIcon and Unicon
This is application-specific and works in both languages:
global kMap
procedure main()
kMap := table()
kMap["1"] := italicsOn
kMap["2"] := italicsOff
kMap["\x4"] := exit # ^D terminates
while writes(exec(getch()))
end
procedure exec(c)
return (\kMap[c])() | c
end
procedure italicsOn()
return "<i>"
end
procedure italicsOff()
return "<\\i>"
end
Sample run:
->km this is <i>italics<\i>. ->
Java
package keybord.macro.demo;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
class KeyboardMacroDemo {
public static void main( String [] args ) {
final JFrame frame = new JFrame();
String directions = "<html><b>Ctrl-S</b> to show frame title<br>"
+"<b>Ctrl-H</b> to hide it</html>";
frame.add( new JLabel(directions));
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.addKeyListener( new KeyAdapter(){
public void keyReleased( KeyEvent e ) {
if( e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S){
frame.setTitle("Hello there");
}else if( e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_H){
frame.setTitle("");
}
}
});
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
JavaScript
The example below captures the F7 key when pressed, if the document (that is, the web page) has focus. If the function returns false, the event processing is halted. If it returns any other value, including undefined, the event continues up the DOM tree ('bubbling').
document.onkeydown = function(evt) {
if (evt.keyCode === 118) {
alert("You pressed F7!");
return false;
}
}
See quirksmode for more information about key detection in JavaScript.
Julia
Macros are within the Gtk window.
using Gtk
function keypresswindow()
tcount = 0
txt = "Press a Number Key"
win = GtkWindow("Keyboard Macros Test", 300, 50) |> (GtkFrame() |> ((vbox = GtkBox(:v)) |> (lab = GtkLabel(txt))))
function keycall(w, event)
ch = Char(event.keyval)
if isdigit(ch)
set_gtk_property!(lab, :label, "Keyboard Macro Number $ch Invoked.")
end
end
signal_connect(keycall, win, "key-press-event")
cond = Condition()
endit(w) = notify(cond)
signal_connect(endit, win, :destroy)
showall(win)
wait(cond)
end
keypresswindow()
Kotlin
// version 1.2.31
import javax.swing.JFrame
import javax.swing.JLabel
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val directions = "<html><b>Ctrl-S</b> to show frame title<br>" +
"<b>Ctrl-H</b> to hide it</html>"
with (JFrame()) {
add(JLabel(directions))
defaultCloseOperation = JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE
addKeyListener(object : KeyAdapter() {
override fun keyReleased(e: KeyEvent) {
if (e.isControlDown() && e.keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_S)
title = "Hello there"
else if( e.isControlDown() && e.keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_H)
title = ""
}
})
pack()
isVisible = true
}
}
M2000 Interpreter
Module CheckIt {
\\ Scan statement exist from version 1
\\ We can make targets and use function keys, in console
\\ Scan track mouse click on targets and functions keys state
\\ when any of these selected then a call to a global module happen
\\ show$(hide$("&8%", "master",3), "code1", 10)="123"
Global a$
Module Global GetIt {
Input "Password:"; a$
if a$<>"" then a$<=show$(hide$(a$, "code1", 10), "master", 3)
}
Module Global myHelp {
Print "Press F1 for help, F3 to enter password, F5 exit"
}
Fkey 1, "myHelp"
Fkey 3, "GetIt"
Fkey 5, {a$="---"}
myHelp
tries=0
Repeat {
Scan .1
if a$="---" then 1000
if a$="&8%" then Exit
if a$<>"" then tries++ : if tries>2 then 1000
a$<=""
} Always
Print "Enter ok"
1000 Print "Exit ", tries : End
}
CheckitMathematica /Wolfram Language
Map the keystroke t to a simple script
SetOptions[EvaluationNotebook[], NotebookEventActions -> {{"KeyDown", "t"} :> Print["You pressed \"t\""]}]
Nim
As we need to catch the key press events, we give an example inside a Gtk3 application.
import tables
import gintro/[glib, gobject, gio]
import gintro/gtk except Table
import gintro/gdk except Window
type
MacroProc = proc(app: App)
MacroTable = Table[int, MacroProc] # Mapping key values -> procedures.
App = ref object of Application
dispatchTable: MacroTable
label: Label
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc addMacro(app: App; ch: char; macroProc: MacroProc) =
## Assign a procedure to a key.
## If the key is already assigned, nothing is done.
let keyval = ord(ch)
if keyval notin app.dispatchTable:
app.dispatchTable[keyval] = macroProc
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Macro procedures.
proc proc1(app: App) =
app.label.setText("You called macro 1")
proc proc2(app: App) =
app.label.setText("You called macro 2")
proc proc3(app: App) =
app.label.setText("You called macro 3")
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc onKeyPress(window: ApplicationWindow; event: Event; app: App): bool =
var keyval: int
if not event.getKeyval(keyval): return false
if keyval in app.dispatchTable:
app.dispatchTable[keyval](app)
result = true
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc activate(app: App) =
## Activate the application.
app.addMacro('1', proc1)
app.addMacro('2', proc2)
app.addMacro('3', proc3)
let window = app.newApplicationWindow()
window.setTitle("Keyboard macros")
let hbox = newBox(Orientation.horizontal, 10)
window.add(hbox)
let vbox = newBox(Orientation.vertical, 10)
hbox.packStart(vbox, true, true, 10)
app.label = newLabel()
app.label.setWidthChars(18)
vbox.packStart(app.label, true, true, 5)
discard window.connect("key-press-event", onKeyPress, app)
window.showAll()
#———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
let app = newApplication(App, "Rosetta.KeyboardMacros")
discard app.connect("activate", activate)
discard app.run()
Oz
Window-specific key bindings:
declare
[QTk] = {Module.link ['x-oz://system/wp/QTk.ozf']}
Label
Window = {QTk.build td(label(text:"Hello" handle:Label))}
in
{Window bind(event:"<Control-x><Control-s>"
action:proc {$}
{Label set(text:"This is not Emacs.")}
end
)}
{Window bind(event:"<Control-x><Control-c>"
action:toplevel#close
)}
{Window show}Perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Term::ReadKey;
ReadMode 4; # change to raw input mode
sub logger { my($message) = @_; print "$message\n" }
while (1) {
if (my $c = ReadKey 0) { # read a single character
if ($c eq 'q') { logger "QUIT"; last }
elsif ($c =~ /\n|\r/) { logger "CR" }
elsif ($c eq "j") { logger "down" }
elsif ($c eq "k") { logger "up" }
elsif ($c eq "h") { logger "left" }
elsif ($c eq "l") { logger "right" }
elsif ($c eq "J") { logger "DOWN" }
elsif ($c eq "K") { logger "UP" }
elsif ($c eq "H") { logger "LEFT" }
elsif ($c eq "L") { logger "RIGHT" }
elsif ($c eq "\e") { # handle a few escape sequences
my $esc = ReadKey 0;
$esc .= ReadKey 0;
if ($esc eq "[A") { logger "up" }
elsif ($esc eq "[B") { logger "down" }
elsif ($esc eq "[C") { logger "right" }
elsif ($esc eq "[D") { logger "left" }
elsif ($esc eq "[5") { logger "page up" }
elsif ($esc eq "[6") { logger "page down" }
else { logger "Unrecognized escape: $esc"; }
}
else { logger "you typed: $c"; }
}
}
ReadMode 0; # reset the terminal to normal mode
Phix
application
Shows how to link a specific key (C) to a specific function, and a general key handler. Obviously K_C and K_F2 could be swapped without any problem.
include pGUI.e function C_Keyed(Ihandle /*ih*/, atom /*c*/) -- (Note without K_c below this does not respond to 'c', just 'C') ?"you pressed C" return IUP_DEFAULT end function procedure F2_keyed() ?"you pressed F2" end procedure function key_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/, atom c) if c=K_F2 then F2_keyed() elsif c=K_ESC then return IUP_CLOSE end if return IUP_DEFAULT end function IupOpen() Ihandle dlg = IupDialog(IupLabel("hello"),"TITLE=\"Press F2\"") IupSetCallback(dlg, "K_C", Icallback("C_Keyed")) --IupSetCallback(dlg, "K_c", Icallback("C_Keyed")) IupSetCallback(dlg, "K_ANY", Icallback("key_cb")) IupShow(dlg) if platform()!=JS then IupMainLoop() IupClose() end if
system
A low-level (windows 32-bit only) demo for system-wide keyboard macros, that has been used to simplify some repetitive tasks in InstallShield, and could equally be used on any third-party application. As it stands, the key selection is a bit overkill, it always sends {delete,down}, perhaps not precisely what the task asked for, but fits my interpretation of "keyboard macros" - though of course you could easily replace that SendInput call with any routine of your choosing.
-- -- demo\arwendemo\hotkey.exw -- ========================= -- -- Author: Pete Lomax, credit to Aku Saya for HotKey -- and Thomas Parslow for sendkeys -- -- http://phix.x10.mx -- --/**/with gui include arwen.ew constant MOD_ALT = #1, MOD_CONTROL = #2, MOD_SHIFT = #4, MOD_WIN = #8 integer Modifier, vKeyCode constant Main = create(Window, "Hotkey", 0, 0, 36, 99, 294, 201, 0) constant MainHwnd = getHwnd(Main) constant mFile = create(Menu,"File",0,Main,190,63,0,0,0) constant mExit = create(MenuItem,"Exit",0,mFile,194,53,0,0,0) constant mHelp = create(Menu,"Help",0,Main,182,57,0,0,0) constant mAbout = create(MenuItem,"About",0,mHelp,184,45,0,0,0) constant AltKey = create(CheckBox, "Alt", 0, Main, 8, 5, 62, 20, 0) constant ShiftKey = create(CheckBox, "Shift", 0, Main, 8, 28, 56, 20, 0) constant CtrlKey = create(CheckBox, "Ctrl", 0, Main, 8, 52, 70, 20, 0) constant WinKey = create(CheckBox, "Windows", 0, Main, 8, 76, 72, 20, 0) constant KeyList = create(ComboDropDown, "KeyList", 0, Main, 89, 11, 100, 652, 0) constant KeyInfoText = create(Label, "", 0, Main, 90, 72, 186, 20, SS_LEFTNOWORDWRAP) constant SetButton = create(Button, "setHotKey", 0, Main, 8, 99, 176, 40, BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON) constant KillButton = create(Button, "killHotKey", 0, Main, 195, 99, 80, 40, 0) sequence KeyCodes procedure initialise() string text for f=1 to 11 do -- F1 to F11 (F12 is reserved) text = sprintf("F%d",f) void = insertItem(KeyList,text,0) end for KeyCodes = {VK_F1, VK_F2, VK_F3, VK_F4, VK_F5, VK_F6, VK_F7, VK_F8, VK_F9, VK_F10, VK_F11} for ch='A' to 'Z' do text = sprintf("%s",ch) void = insertItem(KeyList,text,0) KeyCodes &= ch -- (as char, not string) end for for i=1 to 9 do text = sprintf("%d",i) void = insertItem(KeyList,text,0) KeyCodes &= i -- (as char, not string) end for end procedure initialise() constant INPUT_KEYBOARD=1 procedure pokeKey(atom pKey, integer key) -- see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646270(v=vs.85).aspx -- and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646271(v=vs.85).aspx integer ScanCode ScanCode = c_func(xVkKeyScan,{key}) poke4(pKey+KEYBDINPUT_type,INPUT_KEYBOARD) poke2(pKey+KEYBDINPUT_wVk,key) poke4(pKey+KEYBDINPUT_dwFlags,0) poke4(pKey+KEYBDINPUT_wScan,ScanCode) poke4(pKey+KEYBDINPUT_time,0) poke4(pKey+KEYBDINPUT_dwExtraInfo,0) end procedure function MainHandler(integer id, integer msg, atom wParam, object lParam) string text atom pKeys, pKey integer nRes if msg=WM_SETFOCUS then if id=SetButton then if not getIndex(KeyList) then setFocus(KeyList) void = messageBox("HotKey","Select a key from the drop-down",MB_OK) else Modifier = isChecked(AltKey) * MOD_ALT + isChecked(ShiftKey) * MOD_SHIFT + isChecked(CtrlKey) * MOD_CONTROL + isChecked(WinKey) * MOD_WIN vKeyCode = KeyCodes[getIndex(KeyList)] text = sprintf("setHotKey(Main, #%02x, #%02x) [%s]",{Modifier,vKeyCode,getText(KeyList)}) setText(KeyInfoText, text) end if elsif id=KillButton then text = sprintf("killHotKey(Main) [%s]",{getText(KeyList)}) setText(KeyInfoText, text) end if elsif msg=WM_COMMAND then if id=mExit then closeWindow(Main) elsif id=mAbout then text = "Simple hotkey/sendinput wrapper.\n\n"& "Author Pete Lomax.\n"& "Written in phix (http://phix.x10.mx) but could easily be ported\n"& "to any language (that can invoke RegisterHotKey and SendInput).\n\n"& "First, use the checkboxes and dropdown to select a hotkey (eg F7).\n"& "Currently always sends {delete,down}, but that could easily be changed.\n"& "Used on build02 to perform the GUID stripping.\n\n"& "Note that Windows Server 2008 requires this to be run in admin mode, \n"& "as otherwise something called UIPI will block it and not say why.\n" void = messageBox("HotKey",text,MB_OK) elsif id=SetButton then -- see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646309(v=vs.85).aspx if c_func(xRegisterHotKey,{MainHwnd, 0, Modifier, vKeyCode})=0 then void = messageBox("HotKey","Register Hotkey failed",MB_OK) end if elsif id=KillButton then if c_func(xUnregisterHotKey,{MainHwnd, 0})=0 then void = messageBox("HotKey","UnRegister Hotkey failed",MB_OK) end if end if elsif msg=WM_HOTKEY then setText(Main,sprintf("%g",time())) pKeys = allocate(sizeofstruct(KEYBDINPUT)*2) pKey = pKeys pokeKey(pKey,VK_DELETE) pKey += sizeofstruct(KEYBDINPUT) pokeKey(pKey,VK_DOWN) -- see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646310(v=vs.85).aspx nRes = c_func(xSendInput,{2,pKeys,sizeofstruct(KEYBDINPUT)}) if nRes!=2 then nRes = c_func(xGetLastError,{}) text = sprintf("SendInput failed[%d]",nRes) void = messageBox("HotKey",text,MB_OK) end if end if if wParam or object(lParam) then end if -- suppress warnings return 0 end function setHandler({Main,SetButton,KillButton,mExit,mAbout},routine_id("MainHandler")) WinMain(Main,SW_NORMAL)
PicoLisp
The 'fkey' function associates a key with an executable body. Some common key codes are predefined in "lib/term.l". Here we use 'F1' to store the value 1 in a global variable, 'Up' and 'Down' arrows to increment or decrement that value, and 'Home' to print the current value to the console.
(load "@lib/led.l" "@lib/term.l")
(fkey *XtF1
(prinl "Initialized value to " (setq *Number 1)) )
(fkey *XtUp
(prinl "Incremented to " (inc '*Number)) )
(fkey *XtDown
(prinl "Decremented to " (dec '*Number)) )
(fkey *XtHome
(prinl "Current value is " *Number) )Output when hitting 'F1', 'Down', 'Up', 'Up' and 'Home':
Initialized value to 1 Decremented to 0 Incremented to 1 Incremented to 2 Current value is 2
PureBasic
PureBasic has support for shortcut/macro creation in any window that supports events. This allows for creation of both single and combinations as shown in the code below. For full set of combinations on PC, Mac & Linux please see the official manual, here.
#Win = 0
#Demo1 = 0
#Demo2 = 1
If OpenWindow(#Win,50,50,200,60,"PureBasic",#PB_Window_SystemMenu)
;
AddKeyboardShortcut(#Win,#PB_Shortcut_F1, #Demo1)
AddKeyboardShortcut(#Win,#PB_Shortcut_F|#PB_Shortcut_Alt, #Demo2)
;
Repeat
WEvent = WaitWindowEvent()
Select WEvent
Case #PB_Event_Menu
Select EventMenu()
Case #Demo1
MessageRequester("Info", "You Pressed F1")
Case #Demo2
MessageRequester("Info", "You Pressed Alt-F")
EndSelect
Case #PB_Event_CloseWindow
Break
EndSelect
ForEver
EndIf
Python
Works on Unix platforms.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import curses
def print_message():
stdscr.addstr('This is the message.\n')
stdscr = curses.initscr()
curses.noecho()
curses.cbreak()
stdscr.keypad(1)
stdscr.addstr('CTRL+P for message or q to quit.\n')
while True:
c = stdscr.getch()
if c == 16: print_message()
elif c == ord('q'): break
curses.nocbreak()
stdscr.keypad(0)
curses.echo()
curses.endwin()
Racket
#lang racket
(define-syntax-rule (with-raw body ...)
(let ([saved #f])
(define (stty x) (system (~a "stty " x)) (void))
(dynamic-wind (λ() (set! saved (with-output-to-string (λ() (stty "-g"))))
(stty "raw -echo opost"))
(λ() body ...)
(λ() (stty saved)))))
(define (->bytes x)
(cond [(bytes? x) x]
[(string? x) (string->bytes/utf-8 x)]
[(not (list? x)) (error '->bytes "don't know how to convert: ~e" x)]
[(andmap byte? x) (list->bytes x)]
[(andmap char? x) (->bytes (list->string x))]))
(define (open x)
(open-input-bytes (->bytes x)))
(define macros (make-vector 256 #f))
(define (macro-set! seq expansion)
(let loop ([bs (bytes->list (->bytes seq))] [v (vector macros)] [i 0])
(if (null? bs)
(vector-set! v i expansion)
(begin (unless (vector-ref v i) (vector-set! v i (make-vector 256 #f)))
(loop (cdr bs) (vector-ref v i) (car bs))))))
;; Some examples
(macro-set! "\3" exit)
(macro-set! "ME" "Random J. Hacker")
(macro-set! "EMAIL" (λ() (open "ME <me@example.com>")))
(macro-set! "\r" "\r\n")
(macro-set! "\n" "\r\n")
(for ([c "ABCD"]) (macro-set! (~a "\eO" c) (~a "\e[" c)))
(with-raw
(printf "Type away, `C-c' to exit...\n")
(let loop ([inps (list (current-input-port))] [v macros] [pending '()])
(define b (read-byte (car inps)))
(if (eq? b eof) (loop (cdr inps) v pending)
(let mloop ([m (vector-ref v b)])
(cond [(vector? m) (loop inps m (cons b pending))]
[(input-port? m) (loop (cons m inps) macros '())]
[(or (bytes? m) (string? m))
(display m) (flush-output) (loop inps macros '())]
[(procedure? m) (mloop (m))]
[(and m (not (void? m))) (error "bad macro mapping!")]
[(pair? pending)
(define rp (reverse (cons b pending)))
(write-byte (car rp)) (flush-output)
(loop (if (null? (cdr rp)) inps
(cons (open (list->bytes (cdr rp))) inps))
macros '())]
[else (write-byte b) (flush-output) (loop inps v '())])))))
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
my $TTY = open("/dev/tty");
my @INPUT;
sub log($mess) { print "$mess\r\n" }
INIT { shell "stty raw -echo min 1 time 1"; log "(raw mode)"; }
END { shell "stty sane"; log "(sane mode)"; }
loop {
push @INPUT, $TTY.getc unless @INPUT;
given @INPUT.shift {
when "q" | "\c4" { log "QUIT"; last; }
when "\r" { log "CR" }
when "j" { log "down" }
when "k" { log "up" }
when "h" { log "left" }
when "l" { log "right" }
when "J" { log "DOWN" }
when "K" { log "UP" }
when "H" { log "LEFT" }
when "L" { log "RIGHT" }
when "\e" {
my $esc = '';
repeat until my $x ~~ /^<alpha>$/ {
push @INPUT, $TTY.getc unless @INPUT;
$x = @INPUT.shift;
$esc ~= $x;
}
given $esc {
when "[A" { log "up" }
when "[B" { log "down" }
when "[C" { log "right" }
when "[D" { log "left" }
when "[1;2A" { log "UP" }
when "[1;2B" { log "DOWN" }
when "[1;2C" { log "RIGHT" }
when "[1;2D" { log "LEFT" }
default { log "Unrecognized escape: $esc"; }
}
}
default { log "Unrecognized key: $_"; }
}
}
REBOL
REBOL [
Title: "Keyboard Macros"
URL: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Keyboard_macros
]
; Application specific keyboard bindings using REBOL VID
; dialect. Implementation of the "Averageman" calculator --
; See http://www.atariarchives.org/bcc2/showpage.php?page=63 for details.
view layout [
style btn button coal 46
across
display: h1 100 red maroon right "" return
; Key shortcuts are specified as character arguments to widget
; descriptions in the layout.
btn "1" #"1" [set-face display "1"]
btn "+" #"+" [set-face display ""]
return
pad 54
btn "=" #"=" [set-face display "3"]
pad 1x100 return
text "(c) 1977 G. Beker"
]
REXX
This REXX program only works with PC/REXX or Personal REXX under "DOS" or under "DOS" in Microsoft Windows 1, 2, 3, 95, 98, or 2000.
It won't work for the Microsoft Windows/NT family (Windows/NT/XP/Vista/7/8 ···).
If under Microsoft Windows, the change is only for the current "DOS" session (i.e., that DOS window).
If under a native DOS, the change is system wide.
Almost every keyboard key (including the F (function) keys, numeric keypad, can be re-defined.
REXX programs not included are $T which is only used when specific options are used (used when TOPS is specified),
the $ERR program which issues errors, and $H which shows help and other documentation.
/*REXX program can re-define most keys (including F keys) on a PC keyboard.*/
trace off
parse arg !
if !all(arg()) then exit
if !cms then address ''
signal on halt
signal on noValue
signal on syntax
/*if not DOS, issue error. */
if \!dos then call er 23,', DOS[environment]'
/*if not PC/REXX, issue err*/
if \!pcrexx then call er 23,', PC/REXX[interpreter]'
/*if Windows/NT, issue err.*/
if !nt then call er 23,!fn 'Windows/95/98/2000 REXX-program'
/* This program requires ANSI.SYS if any keys are set or (re─)defined.*/
/* ANSI.SYS won't function correctly under Windows/NT (XP, Vista, 7, 8).*/
call homeDrive /*get the homeDrive envVar.*/
$home=p(!var('$HOME') homeDrive) /*get homeDrive of \$\ dir.*/
$home=appenda($home,':') /*make the drive ──► drive:*/
$path=p(!var('$PATH') '\$') /*get path name of \$ dir.*/
$path=prefixa($PATH,'\') /*make the path ──► \dir */
$path=appenda($path,'\') /*make the path ──► dir\ */
if \hasCol($path) then $path=$home || $path /*prefix with $HOME ? */
@DOSKEY = 'DOSKEY' /*point to the DOSKEY cmd*/
@ECHO = 'ECHO' /*point to the ECHO cmd*/
@TYPE = 'TYPE' /*point to the TYPE cmd*/
defFid = #path'LOGS\'!fn".LOG"
oldFid = #path'LOGS\'!fn".OLD"
tops = '.BOX= .C=blue .H=darkcyan .E=1'
fops = '.EF='defFid
functionKey= 0
autoEnter =
useAuto = 0
@offon = 'OFF ON ,'
@warns = 'WARNIFOFF WARNIFON ,'
sepLine = copies('═',5) copies('═',73)
y = space(!!)
do forever /*process any & all options*/
parse var y k1 2 1 k y
uk=k; upper uk
if uk=='[ENTER]' then do
useAuto=1
autoEnter=13
iterate
end
if uk=='[NOENTER]' then do
useAuto=1
autoEnter=
iterate
end
if k1\=='.' then leave
tops=tops k
fops=fops k
end /*forever*/
tops=space(tops)
fops=space(fops)
origk=space(k)
upper k
if k=='??' |,
k=="???" |,
k=="????" then do
!cls
if y=='' then y=defFid
@type y
say sepLine
if k=="???" then call $defkey "ALLLOCKS , WARNIFON"
if k=="????" then do
call $t ".P=1 .C=blue" centre('DOSKEY macros',79,"─")
@doskey '/macro'
call $t ".C=blue" copies('─',79)
end
exit rc
end
if k=='CLEARLOG' then do
lFID=defFid
if lFID==defFid then do
call dosdel oldFid
call dosrename defFid,oldFid
end
else call dosdel lFID
call whenstamp lFID,'log file was cleared by' !fn"."
_='ECHO' sepLine">>"lFID
_
'ECHO key new value>>'lFID
_
exit
end
shiftkeys='NUMLOCK CAPSLOCK SCROLLLOCK ALLLOCKS'
if abbrev('BLINKLOCKKEYS',k,5) then
do
parse var o . k times secs _
if _\=='' then call er 59
if k=='' | k=="," then k="ALLLOCKS"
if wordpos(k,shiftkeys)==0 then call er 50,'shiftlock-key' origk
if times=='' | times==',' then times="ANYKEY"
if times\=='ANYKEY' & \isint(times) then call er 53,times 'times'
if secs=='' | secs==',' then secs=.1
if \isNum(secs) then call er 53,times "seconds-delay-time"
secs=secs/1
if secs<.1 | secs>99 then call er 81,.1 99 secs 'seconds-delay-time'
dids=0
do forever
do j=1 for 3
do jo=2 to 1 by -1
dakey=word(shiftkeys,j)
if k=='ALLLOCKS' | k==dakey then call "$DEFKEY" dakey word(@offon,jo)
if secs\==0 then call delay secs
end /*jo*/
end /*j*/
dids=dids+1
if times\=='ANYKEY' & dids>=times then exit
else if inkey("NOWAIT")\=='' then exit
end /*forever*/
end
if wordpos(k,shiftkeys)\==0 then
do
_=words(y)
if _>2 then call er 59
onoff=
warnif=0
iswas='is'
if y==',' then y=
if y\=='' then do
if _==2 then do
_=word(y,2)
warnif=wordpos(translate(_),@warns)
if warnif==0 then call er 55,_ k 'WARN'
if warnif==3 then warnif=0
y=subword(y,1,1)
end
onoff=wordpos(translate(y),@offon)
if onoff==0 then call er 50,'ON-or-OFF' y
if onoff\==3 then iswas='was'
end
if y==',' then y=
do j=1 for 3
dakey=word(shiftkeys,j)
if warnif\==0 then if shiftstate(dakey)+1==warnif then call $t ".J=r" tops dakey iswas'('word(@offon,warnif)")"
if k=="ALLLOCKS" | k==dakey then
do
if y\=='' &,
onoff\==3 then call shiftstate dakey,onoff-1
else if warnif==0 then call $t ".I=25" tops dakey 'is ('word(@offon,shiftstate(dakey)+1)")"
end
end /*j*/
exit
end
if y=='' then call er 54
cod=
codz='Z'
if pos('-',k)\==0 then do
parse var k cod '-' k
_='S SHIFT C CTRL CONTROL A ALT ALTERNATE'
if cod=='' | wordpos(cod,_)==0 then call er 50,"key" origk
cod=left(cod,1)
codl=lower(cod)
codz=cod
if k=='' then call er 50,"key" origk
end
if abbrev('APOSTROPHE',k,5) then k = "'"
if k=='ASTERISKKEYPAD' | k=='STARKEYPAD' then k = "*KEYPAD"
if k=='BACKSLASH' then k = "\"
if k=='COMMA' then k = ","
if k=='DEL' then k = "DELETE"
if k=='DELKEYPAD' then k = "DELETEKEYPAD"
if k=='ENT' then k = "ENTER"
if k=='ENTKEYPAD' then k = "ENTERKEYPAD"
if k=='EQUAL' then k = "="
if k=='FIVEKEYPAD' then k = "5KEYPAD"
if k=="GRAVEACCENT" | k=='GRAVE' then k = "`"
if k=='INSKEYPAD' then k = "INSKEYPAD"
if k=='LEFTBRACKET' then k = "["
if k=='MINUS' then k = "-"
if k=='MINUSKEYPAD' then k = "-KEYPAD"
if k=="PAUSE" | k=='BREAK' then k = "PAUSEBREAK"
if k=='PGDN' then k = "PAGEDOWN"
if k=='PGDNKEYPAD' then k = "PAGEDOWNKEYPAD"
if k=='PGUP' then k = "PAGEUP"
if k=='PGUPKEYPAD' then k = "PAGEUPKEYPAD"
if k=='PLUSKEYPAD' then k = "+KEYPAD"
if k=='PRINTSCRN' then k = "PRINTSCREEN"
if k=='RIGHTBRACKET' then k = "]"
if k=='SEMICOLON' then k = ";"
if k=='SPACE' | k=="SPACEBAR" then k = 'BLANK'
if wordpos(k,'PERIOD DOT DECIMAL DECIMALPOINT')\==0 then k="."
if wordpos(k,'SLASH SOLIDUS VIRGULE OBELUS')\==0 then k="/"
if wordpos(k,'SLASHKEYPAD SOLIDUSKEYPAD VIRGULEKEYPAD OBELUSKEYPAD')\==0 then k="/KEYPAD"
base=
do 1 /*the "1" enables the use of the LEAVE instruction.*/
len1=(length(k)==1)
uppc=isUpp(k)
numb=isint(k)
if len1 then do
dkey=c2d(k)
if uppc then do
if cod=='A' then do
_='30 48 46 32 18 33 34 35 23 36 37 38 50 49 24 25 16 19 31 20 22 47 17 45 21 44'
base='0;'word(_,dkey-96)
end
d.z=21
d.s=0
d.c=-64
base=d.codz+dkey
end
if numb then do
dakey=dkey-47
if cod='' then base=dkey
if cod=='S' then base=word("41 33 64 35 36 37 94 38 42 49",dakey)
if cod=='A' then if k<3 then base="0;"word(129 120,dakey)
else base="0;"119+dakey
if cod=='C' then do
if k==2 then base=0
if k==6 then base=30
end
end
if base\=='' then leave
call er 50,'key' origk
end
ik=wordpos(k,'DELETE DOWNARROW END HOME INSERT LEFTARROW PAGEDOWN PAGEUP RIGHTARROW UPARROW')
select
when left(k,1)=='F' then do
functionKey=1
fn=substr(k,2)
if \isint(fn) | fn<1 | fn>12 then call er 81,1 12 k "FunctionKey"
d.z=58
d.s=83
d.c=93
d.a=103
if fn<11 then base='0;' || (d.codz+fn)
else do
d.z=133-11
d.s=135-11
d.c=137-11
d.a=139-11
base='0;' || (d.codz+fn)
end
end
when ik\==0 then do
d.z='83 80 79 71 82 75 81 73 77 72'
d.s=d.z
d.c='147 145 117 119 146 115 118 132 116 141'
d.a='163 154 159 151 162 155 161 153 157 152'
base='224;'word(d.codz,ik)
end
when k=='PRINTSCREEN' & cod="C" then base='0;114'
when k=='PAUSEBREAK' & cod="C" then base='0;0'
when k=='NULL' & cod=='' then base="0;3"
when k=='BACKSPACE' then do
d.z=8
d.s=8
d.c=127
d.a=0
base=d.codz
end
when k=='TAB' then do
d.z=9
d.s='0;15'
d.c='0;148'
d.z='0;165'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='BLANK' then do
d.z=92
d.s=124
d.c=28
d.a='0;43'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='ENTER' then do
d.z=13
d.s=
d.c=10
d.a='0;28'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='-' then do
d.z=45
d.s=95
d.c=31
d.a='0;130'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='=' then do
d.z=61
d.s=43
d.c=
d.a='0;131'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='[' then do
d.z=91
d.s=123
d.c=27
d.a='0;26'
base=d.codz
end
when k==']' then do
d.z=93
d.s=125
d.c=29
d.a='0;27'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='\' then do
d.z=92
d.s=124
d.c=28
d.a='0;43'
base=d.codz
end
when k==';' then do
d.z=59
d.s=58
d.c=
d.a='0;39'
base=d.codz
end
when k=="'" then do
d.z=39
d.s=34
d.c=
d.a='0;40'
base=d.codz
end
when k==',' then do
d.z=44
d.s=60
d.c=
d.a='0;51'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='.' then do
d.z=46
d.s=62
d.c=
d.a='0;52'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='/' then do
d.z=47
d.s=63
d.c=
d.a='0;53'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='`' then do
d.z=96
d.s=126
d.c=
d.a='0;41'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='HOMEKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;71'
d.s=55
d.c='0;119'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='UPARROWKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;72'
d.s=55
d.c='0;141'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='PAGEUPKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;73'
d.s=57
d.c='0;132'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='LEFTARROWKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;75'
d.s=52
d.c='0;115'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='5KEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;76'
d.s=53
d.c='0;143'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='RIGHTARROWKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;77'
d.s=54
d.c='0;116'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='ENDKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;79'
d.s=49
d.c='0;117'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='DOWNARROWKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;80'
d.s=50
d.c='0;145'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='PAGEDOWNKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;81'
d.s=51
d.c='0;118'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='INSERTKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;82'
d.s=48
d.c='0;146'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='DELETEKEYPAD' then do
d.z='0;83'
d.s=46
d.c='0;147'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='ENTERKEYPAD' then do
d.z=13
d.c=10
d.a='0;166'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='/KEYPAD' then do
d.z=47
d.s=d.z
d.c='0;142'
d.a='0;74'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='*KEYPAD' then do
d.z=42
d.s='o;144'
d.c='0;78'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='-KEYPAD' then do
d.z=45
d.s=d.z
d.c='0;149'
d.a='0;164'
base=d.codz
end
when k=='+KEYPAD' then do
d.z=43
d.s=d.z
d.c='0;150'
d.a='0;55'
base=d.codz
end
otherwise nop
end /*select*/
if base\=='' then leave
call er 50,'key' origk
end /*do 1*/
jy=words(y)
yy=
do j=1 for jy
w=word(y,j)
lw=length(w)
lc=left(w,1)
rc2=right(w,2); upper rc2
if ((lc=='"' & rc2=='"X') | (lc=="'" & rc2=="'X")) & lw>3 then
do
if (lw-3)//2\==0 then call er 56,w 'hexdigits for the hexstring' w
wm=substr(w,2,lw-3)
if \isHex(wm) then call er 40,w
w=x2c(wm)
end
yy=yy w
end /*j*/
/*if useAuto=1, then use AUTOENTER as is.*/
/*if useAuto=0 & funcKey, then use ENTER.*/
if \useAuto & functionKey then autoEnter=13
yy=substr(yy,2)
!!='1b'x"[" /* ESC[s ───► save cursor position. */
/* ESC[u ───► restore cursor position. */
/* ESC[1A ───► move cursor up 1 line.*/
@echo !!"s"!! || base';"'yy'";'autoEnter'p'!!"u"!!'1A' /*issue the define.*/
nk=k
if cod\=='' then nk=codl"-"k
call $t '.Q=1' fops right(nk,max(length(nk),5)) "──►" yy
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*═════════════════════════════one─liner subroutines══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════*/
!all: !!=!;!=space(!);upper !;call !FID;!nt=right(!var('OS'),2)=="NT";!cls=word('CLS VMFCLEAR CLRSCREEN',1+!cms+!tso*2);if arg(1)\==1 then return 0;if wordpos(!,"? ?SAMPLES ?AUTHOR ?FLOW")==0 then return 0;!call=']$H';call '$H' !fn !;!call=;return 1
!cal: if symbol('!CALL')\=="VAR" then !call=; return !call
!env: !env='ENVIRONMENT'; if !sys=='MSDOS' | !brexx | !r4 | !roo then !env='SYSTEM'; if !os2 then !env='OS2'!env; !ebcdic=1=='f0'x; return
!FID: parse upper source !sys !fun !FID . 1 . . !fn !ft !fm .; call !sys; if !dos then do; _=lastpos('\',!fn); !fm=left(!fn,_); !fn=substr(!fn,_+1); parse var !fn !fn '.' !ft; end; return word(0 !fn !ft !fm,1+("0"arg(1)))
!rex: parse upper version !ver !vernum !verdate .; !brexx='BY'==!vernum; !kexx='KEXX'==!ver; !pcrexx='REXX/PERSONAL'==!ver | 'REXX/PC'==!ver; !r4='REXX-R4'==!ver; !regina='REXX-REGINA'==left(!ver,11); !roo='REXX-ROO'==!ver; call !env; return
!sys: !cms=!sys=='CMS'; !os2=!sys=="OS2"; !tso=!sys=='TSO' | !sys=="MVS"; !vse=!sys=='VSE'; !dos=pos("DOS",!sys)\==0 | pos('WIN',!sys)\==0 | !sys=="CMD"; call !rex; return
!var: call !FID; if !kexx then return space(dosenv(arg(1))); return space(value(arg(1),,!env))
$defkey: !call=']$DEFKEY'; call "$DEFKEY" arg(1); !call=; return result
$t: !call=']$T'; call "$T" arg(1); !call=; return result
appenda: procedure; parse arg x,_; if right(x,length(_))\==_ then x=x || _; return x
er: parse arg _1,_2; call '$ERR' "14"p(_1) p(word(_1,2) !FID(1)) _2; if _1<0 then return _1; exit result
halt: call er .1
hasCol: return pos(':',arg(1))\==0
homeDrive: if symbol('HOMEDRIVE')\=="VAR" then homeDrive=p(!var('HOMEDRIVE') 'C:'); return homeDrive
isHex: return datatype(arg(1),'X')
isint: return datatype(arg(1),'W')
isNum: return datatype(arg(1),'N')
isUpp: return datatype(arg(1),'U')
it: "ARG"(1);if rc==0 then return; call er 68,rc arg(1)
noValue: !sigl=sigl; call er 17,!FID(2) !FID(3) !sigl condition('D') sourceline(!sigl)
p: return word(arg(1),1)
prefixa: procedure; parse arg x,_; if left(x,length(_))\==_ then x=_ || x; return x
squish: return space(translate(arg(1),,word(arg(2) ',',1)),0)
syntax: !sigl=sigl; call er 13,!FID(2) !FID(3) !sigl !cal() condition('D') sourceline(!sigl)
whenstamp: arg whenFID; call lineout whenFID,strip(left(date('U'),6)left(date("S"),4) time() arg(2)); call lineout whenFID,' '; call lineout whenFID; return
Ring
load "guilib.ring"
app = new qApp {
win = new qWidget() {
setWindowTitle("Don't accept Spaces")
move(100,100) resize(400,400)
new qLineedit(win) {
myfilter = new qAllEvents(win) {
setkeypressevent("keypress()")
}
installeventfilter(myfilter)
}
show()
}
exec()
}
func keypress
nKey = myfilter.getkeycode()
switch nKey
on 16777264 see "You pressed F1 " + nl
on 16777265 see "You pressed F2 " + nl
offOutput:
You pressed F1 You pressed F2
Ruby
Here's a sample from the Shoes manual showing how to capture key sequences. This is application specific.
Shoes.app do
@info = para "NO KEY is PRESSED."
keypress do |k|
@info.replace "#{k.inspect} was PRESSED."
end
end
A more specific example, using some emacs bindings
Shoes.app do
keypress do |key|
case key
when "\x04" # control-d
delete_char
when :backspace
delete_previous_char
when "\x14" # control-t
transpose_chars
when :alt_t
transpose_words
when "\x18" # control-x
@ctrl_x = true
when "\x13" # control-s
if @ctrl_x
save_text
@ctrl_x = false
end
when "\x11" # control-q
exit if @ctrl_x
end
end
end
Scala
Java Swing Interoperability
import java.awt.event.{KeyAdapter, KeyEvent}
import javax.swing.{JFrame, JLabel, WindowConstants}
object KeyboardMacroDemo extends App {
val directions = "<html><b>Ctrl-S</b> to show frame title<br>" + "<b>Ctrl-H</b> to hide it</html>"
new JFrame {
add(new JLabel(directions))
addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
override def keyReleased(e: KeyEvent): Unit = {
if (e.isControlDown && e.getKeyCode == KeyEvent.VK_S) setTitle("Hello there")
else if (e.isControlDown && e.getKeyCode == KeyEvent.VK_H) setTitle("")
}
})
pack()
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
setVisible(true)
}
}
Tcl
All Tk bindings are bound to a context that is no wider than a particular application and is frequently smaller (e.g., a single dialog box or an individual widget).
package require Tk
# Show off some emacs-like bindings...
pack [label .l -text "C-x C-s to save, C-x C-c to quit"]
focus .
bind . <Control-x><Control-s> {
tk_messageBox -message "We would save here"
}
bind . <Control-x><Control-c> {exit}
Key-to-key mapping macros
A more direct macro-like facility (substituting one key sequence for another) would be:
bind . <F1> {
foreach c [split "Macro demo!" {}] {
event generate %W $c
}
}
This can then be wrapped up like this:
package require Tk
proc sendMacro {w string} {
foreach c [split $string {}] {
# Will not work for “<” character...
event generate $w $c
}
}
proc macro {key translation} {
bind . <$key> [list sendMacro %W [string map {% %%} $translation]]
}
# Some demonstration macros
macro F1 "Help me!"
macro F2 "You pressed the F2 key"
macro F3 "I'm getting bored here..."
pack [text .t]; # A place for you to test the macros
Vedit macro language
// Configure a key to access menu item.
// The menu item may then contain the commands directly, or it may call a macro from disk.
// This has the advantage that the key binding is shown in the menu.
Key_Add("Shft-F6","[MENU]TV", OK)
// Configure a key to perform visual mode edit operations (similar to recorded key macro):
Key_Add("Numpad.Enter", "[CURSOR LEFT][LINE END][RETURN]", OK)
// Configure a key to execute macro language commands:
Key_Add("Numpad+", '[VISUAL EXIT] if(BB!=-1) { RCB(10,BB,BE) BB(-1) S("|@(10)",SET+CONFIRM) } else { S("",CONFIRM) }', OK)
// Configure a key to call a macro from disk. The old key assignment is not removed.
Key_Add("Ctrl-Shft-N",'[VISUAL EXIT] Call_File(100,"aspell.vdm","NEXT_ERROR")',INSERT+OK)
// Configure a two-key sequence (C-x C-c to save file).
Key_Add("^X C","[MENU]FS", OK)
// Remove a key assignment. If INSERT option was used when the key was assigned, the old assignment will come in effect again.
Key_Delete("Ctrl-Shft-N")Wren
As it's not currently possible for Wren-cli to access Xlib directly, we embed a Wren script in a C application to complete this task.
/* Keyboard_macros.wren */
var GrabModeAsync = 1
var Mod1Mask = 1 << 3
var KeyPress = 2
var XK_F6 = 0xffc3
var XK_F7 = 0xffc4
foreign class XEvent {
construct new() {}
foreign eventType
}
foreign class XDisplay {
construct openDisplay(displayName) {}
foreign defaultRootWindow()
foreign grabKey(keycode, modifiers, grabWindow, ownerEvents, pointerMode, keyboardMode)
foreign ungrabKey(keycode, modifiers, grabWindow)
foreign keysymToKeycode(keysym)
foreign closeDisplay()
foreign nextEvent(eventReturn)
}
class X {
foreign static stringToKeysym(string)
foreign static lookupKeysym(keyEvent, index)
}
var xd = XDisplay.openDisplay("")
if (xd == 0) {
System.print("Cannot open display.")
return
}
var drw = xd.defaultRootWindow()
xd.grabKey(xd.keysymToKeycode(X.stringToKeysym("F7")), Mod1Mask, drw, true, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync)
xd.grabKey(xd.keysymToKeycode(X.stringToKeysym("F6")), Mod1Mask, drw, true, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync)
var e = XEvent.new()
while (true) {
xd.nextEvent(e)
if (e.eventType == KeyPress) {
var s = X.lookupKeysym(e, 0)
if (s == XK_F7) {
System.print("something's happened.")
} else if (s == XK_F6) {
break
}
}
}
xd.ungrabKey(xd.keysymToKeycode(X.stringToKeysym("F7")), Mod1Mask, drw)
xd.ungrabKey(xd.keysymToKeycode(X.stringToKeysym("F6")), Mod1Mask, drw)
xd.closeDisplay()
We now embed this Wren script in the following C program, compile and run it.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include "wren.h"
/* C <=> Wren interface functions */
void C_displayAllocate(WrenVM* vm) {
Display** pdisplay = (Display**)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(Display*));
const char *displayName = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1);
if (displayName == "") {
*pdisplay = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
} else {
*pdisplay = XOpenDisplay(displayName);
}
}
void C_eventAllocate(WrenVM* vm) {
wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(XEvent));
}
void C_eventType(WrenVM* vm) {
XEvent e = *(XEvent *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)e.type);
}
void C_defaultRootWindow(WrenVM* vm) {
Display* display = *(Display**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
Window w = DefaultRootWindow(display);
wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)w);
}
void C_grabKey(WrenVM* vm) {
Display* display = *(Display**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
int keycode = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1);
unsigned int modifiers = (unsigned int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 2);
Window w = (Window)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 3);
Bool owner_events = (Bool)wrenGetSlotBool(vm, 4);
int pointer_mode = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 5);
int keyboard_mode = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 6);
XGrabKey(display, keycode, modifiers, w, owner_events, pointer_mode, keyboard_mode);
}
void C_ungrabKey(WrenVM* vm) {
Display* display = *(Display**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
int keycode = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1);
unsigned int modifiers = (unsigned int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 2);
Window w = (Window)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 3);
XUngrabKey(display, keycode, modifiers, w);
}
void C_keysymToKeycode(WrenVM* vm) {
Display* display = *(Display**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
KeySym k = (KeySym)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1);
KeyCode code = XKeysymToKeycode(display, k);
wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)code);
}
void C_closeDisplay(WrenVM* vm) {
Display* display = *(Display**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
XCloseDisplay(display);
}
void C_nextEvent(WrenVM* vm) {
Display* display = *(Display**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
XEvent* pe = (XEvent*)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 1);
XNextEvent(display, pe);
}
void C_stringToKeysym(WrenVM* vm) {
char *string = (char *)wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1);
KeySym k = XStringToKeysym(string);
wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)k);
}
void C_lookupKeysym(WrenVM* vm) {
XKeyEvent *pke = (XKeyEvent*)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 1);
int index = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 2);
KeySym k = XLookupKeysym(pke, index);
wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)k);
}
WrenForeignClassMethods bindForeignClass(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className) {
WrenForeignClassMethods methods;
methods.finalize = NULL;
if (strcmp(className, "XDisplay") == 0) {
methods.allocate = C_displayAllocate;
} else if (strcmp(className, "XEvent") == 0) {
methods.allocate = C_eventAllocate;
} else {
methods.allocate = NULL;
}
return methods;
}
WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod(
WrenVM* vm,
const char* module,
const char* className,
bool isStatic,
const char* signature) {
if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) {
if (strcmp(className, "XEvent") == 0) {
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "eventType") == 0) return C_eventType;
} else if (strcmp(className, "XDisplay") == 0) {
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "defaultRootWindow()") == 0) return C_defaultRootWindow;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "grabKey(_,_,_,_,_,_)") == 0) return C_grabKey;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "ungrabKey(_,_,_)") == 0) return C_ungrabKey;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "keysymToKeycode(_)") == 0) return C_keysymToKeycode;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "closeDisplay()") == 0) return C_closeDisplay;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "nextEvent(_)") == 0) return C_nextEvent;
} else if (strcmp(className, "X") == 0) {
if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "stringToKeysym(_)") == 0) return C_stringToKeysym;
if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "lookupKeysym(_,_)") == 0) return C_lookupKeysym;
}
}
return NULL;
}
static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) {
printf("%s", text);
}
void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) {
switch (errorType) {
case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE:
printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg);
break;
case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE:
printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg);
break;
case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME:
printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg);
break;
}
}
char *readFile(const char *fileName) {
FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r");
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
long fsize = ftell(f);
rewind(f);
char *script = malloc(fsize + 1);
fread(script, 1, fsize, f);
fclose(f);
script[fsize] = 0;
return script;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
WrenConfiguration config;
wrenInitConfiguration(&config);
config.writeFn = &writeFn;
config.errorFn = &errorFn;
config.bindForeignClassFn = &bindForeignClass;
config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod;
WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config);
const char* module = "main";
const char* fileName = "Keyboard_macros.wren";
char *script = readFile(fileName);
WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script);
switch (result) {
case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR:
printf("Compile Error!\n");
break;
case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR:
printf("Runtime Error!\n");
break;
case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS:
break;
}
wrenFreeVM(vm);
free(script);
return 0;
}
Categories:
- Programming Tasks
- GUI
- AutoHotkey
- BBC BASIC
- C
- Xlib
- Clojure
- Seesaw
- Delphi
- EchoLisp
- Go
- HicEst
- Icon
- Unicon
- Java
- JavaScript
- Julia
- Kotlin
- M2000 Interpreter
- Mathematica
- Wolfram Language
- Nim
- Gintro
- Oz
- Perl
- Phix
- Phix/basics
- Phix/pGUI
- PicoLisp
- PureBasic
- Python
- Racket
- Raku
- REBOL
- REXX
- Ring
- Ruby
- Shoes
- Scala
- Scala Java Swing interoperability
- Tcl
- Tk
- Vedit macro language
- Wren
- ACL2/Omit
- C++/Omit
- M4/Omit
- Modula-3/Omit
- PARI/GP/Omit