Hello world/Newline omission: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 03:08, 26 December 2013

Some languages automatically insert a newline after outputting a string, unless measures are taken to prevent its output. The purpose of this task is to output the string "Goodbye, World!" without a trailing newline.

See also

ACL2

<lang lisp>(cw "Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Ada

<lang ada> with Ada.Text_IO;

procedure Goodbye_World is begin

  Ada.Text_IO.Put("Goodbye, World!");

end Goodbye_World; </lang>

ATS

<lang ATS>implement main () = print "Goodbye, World!"</lang>

AutoHotkey

<lang AHK>DllCall("AllocConsole") FileAppend, Goodbye`, World!, CONOUT$ ; No newline outputted MsgBox</lang>

AWK

<lang AWK> BEGIN { printf("Goodbye, World!") } </lang>

BASIC

<lang basic>10 REM The trailing semicolon prevents a newline 20 PRINT "Goodbye, World!";</lang>

BASIC256

Output all on a single line. <lang BASIC256>print "Goodbye,"; print " "; print "World!";</lang>

Batch File

Under normal circumstances, when delayed expansion is disabled
The quoted form guarantees there are no hidden trailing spaces after World! <lang dos><nul set/p"=Goodbye, World!" <nul set/p=Goodbye, World!</lang>

If delayed expansion is enabled, then the ! must be escaped
Escape once if quoted form, twice if unquoted. <lang dos>setlocal enableDelayedExpansion <nul set/p"=Goodbye, World^!" <nul set/p=Goodbye, World^^^!</lang>

BBC BASIC

<lang bbcbasic> REM BBC BASIC accepts the standard trailing semicolon:

     PRINT "Goodbye World!";
     
     REM One could also output the characters individually:
     GW$ = "Goodbye World!"
     FOR i% = 1 TO LEN(GW$)
       VDU ASCMID$(GW$, i%)
     NEXT</lang>

Bracmat

<lang bracmat>put$"Goodbye, World!"</lang>

C

In C, we do not get a newline unless we embed one: <lang c>#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

 (void) printf("Goodbye, World!");    /* No automatic newline */
 return EXIT_SUCCESS;

}</lang>

However ISO C leaves it up to implementations to define whether or not the last line of a text stream requires a new-line. This means that the C can be targetted to environments where this task is impossible to implement, at least with a direct text stream manipulation like this.

C++

In C++, using iostreams, portable newlines come from std::endl. Non-portable newlines may come from using constructs like \n, \r or \r\n. If we don't use any of these, we won't get a newline. <lang cpp>#include <iostreams>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

 std::cout << "Goodbye, World!";

}</lang>

C#

<lang csharp>using System;

class Program {

   static void Main (string[] args) {
       //Using Console.WriteLine() will append a newline
       Console.WriteLine("Goodbye, World!");

       //Using Console.Write() will not append a newline
       Console.Write("Goodbye, World!");
   }

}</lang>

Clipper

<lang Clipper>?? "Goodbye, World!"</lang>

Clojure

<lang clojure>(print "Goodbye, World!")</lang>

COBOL

<lang cobol>IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. GOODBYE-WORLD.

PROCEDURE DIVISION. DISPLAY 'Goodbye, World!'

   WITH NO ADVANCING

END-DISPLAY . STOP RUN.</lang>

Common Lisp

<lang lisp>(princ "Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Creative Basic

<lang Creative Basic> 'In a window

DEF Win:WINDOW DEF Close:CHAR DEF ScreenSizeX,ScreenSizeY:INT

GETSCREENSIZE(ScreenSizeX,ScreenSizeY)

WINDOW Win,0,0,ScreenSizeX,ScreenSizeY,0,0,"Goodbye program",MainHandler

PRINT Win,"Goodbye, World!" 'Prints in the upper left corner of the window (position 0,0). PRINT"Win," I ride off into the sunset."

'There does not appear to be a means of starting a new line when printing in a window, other than by using the MOVE command. 'Therefore, both sentences here will print on the same line, i.e., in the same vertical position.

WAITUNTIL Close=1

CLOSEWINDOW Win

END

SUB MainHandler

   IF @CLASS=@IDCLOSEWINDOW THEN Close=1

RETURN

'In the console

OPENCONSOLE

'Insert a trailing comma. PRINT"Goodbye, World!", PRINT" I ride off into the sunset."

PRINT:PRINT"Press any key to end."

DO:UNTIL INKEY$<>""

CLOSECONSOLE

'Since this a Cbasic console program. END </lang>

D

Works with: D version 2.0

<lang D>import std.stdio;

void main() {

   write("Goodbye, World!");

}</lang>

Déjà Vu

<lang dejavu>print\ "Goodbye, World!"</lang>

Delphi

<lang Delphi>program Project1;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

begin

 Write('Goodbye, World!');

end.</lang>

Dylan.NET

Works with: Mono version 2.6.7

Works with: Mono version 2.10.x

Works with: .NET version 3.5

Works with: .NET version 4.0

One Line version: <lang Dylan.NET>Console::Write("Goodbye, World!")</lang> Goodbye World Program: <lang Dylan.NET> //compile using the new dylan.NET v, 11.3.1.3 or later //use mono to run the compiler

refstdasm mscorlib.dll

import System

assembly gdbyeex exe ver 1.1.0.0

class public auto ansi Module1

  method public static void main()
     Console::Write("Goodbye, World!")
  end method

end class </lang>

DWScript

<lang Delphi>Print('Goodbye, World!');</lang>

Erlang

In erlang a newline must be specified in the format string. <lang erlang>io:format("Goodbye, world!").</lang>

Euphoria

<lang euphoria>-- In Euphoria puts() does not insert a newline character after outputting a string puts(1,"Goodbye, world!")</lang>

Factor

<lang factor>USE: io "Goodbye, World!" write</lang>

Fantom

<lang fantom> class Main {

 Void main() {
   echo("Goodbye, World!")
 }

} </lang>

Frink

<lang Frink>print["Goodbye, World!"]</lang>

Forth

<lang Forth>\ The Forth word ." does not insert a newline character after outputting a string ." Goodbye, World!"</lang>

Fortran

<lang Fortran>program bye

 write (*,'(a)',advance='no') 'Goodbye, World!'

end program bye</lang>

F#

<lang fsharp> // A program that will run in the interpreter (fsi.exe) printf "Goodbye, World!";;

// A compiled program [<EntryPoint>] let main args =

   printf "Goodbye, World!"
   0

</lang>

gecho

This example is incorrect. Please fix the code and remove this message.

Details: output isn't consistent with the task's requirements: wording, capitalization of the 2nd word.

<lang gecho>'Hello, <> 'world! print</lang>

GML

<lang lisp>show_message("Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Go

<lang go>package main

import "fmt"

func main() { fmt.Print("Goodbye, World!") }</lang>

GUISS

In Graphical User Interface Support Script, we specify a newline, if we want one. The following will not produce a newline: <lang GUISS>Start,Programs,Accessories,Notepad,Type:Goodbye World[pling]</lang>

Groovy

<lang groovy>print "Goodbye, world"</lang>

Harbour

<lang harbour>?? "Goodbye, world"</lang>

Haskell

<lang haskell>main = putStr "Goodbye, world"</lang>

Icon and Unicon

Native output in Icon and Unicon is performed via the write and writes procedures. The write procedure terminates each line with both a return and newline (for consistency across platforms). The writes procedure omits this. Additionally, the programming library has a series of printf procedures as well. <lang Icon>procedure main()

  writes("Goodbye, World!")

end</lang>

Io

<lang io> write("Goodbye, World!") </lang>

IWBASIC

<lang IWBASIC> 'In a window

DEF Win:WINDOW DEF Close:CHAR DEF ScreenSizeX,ScreenSizeY:UINT

GETSCREENSIZE(ScreenSizeX,ScreenSizeY)

OPENWINDOW Win,0,0,ScreenSizeX,ScreenSizeY,NULL,NULL,"Goodbye program",&MainHandler

PRINT Win,"Goodbye, World!" 'Prints in upper left corner of the window (position 0,0). PRINT Win," You won't have this program to kick around anymore."

'There does not appear to be a means of starting a new line when printing in a window, other than by using the MOVE command. 'Therefore, both sentences here will print on the same line, i.e., in the same vertical position.

WAITUNTIL Close=1

CLOSEWINDOW Win

END

SUB MainHandler

   IF @MESSAGE=@IDCLOSEWINDOW THEN Close=1

RETURN ENDSUB

'In the console

OPENCONSOLE

'by inserting a trailing comma. PRINT"Goodbye, World!", PRINT" You won't have this program to kick around anymore."

PRINT:PRINT

'A press any key to continue message is automatic in a program compiled as console only. 'I presume the compiler adds the code. CLOSECONSOLE

'Since this an IWBASIC console program. END </lang>

J

Solution:prompt from the misc package. Example:<lang j> load'misc'

  prompt 'hello world'

hello world</lang> Notes: J programs are normally run from a REPL, or session manager, which comes in several flavors. The traditional commandline-based terminal (jconsole), one of several desktop applications (jqt for the current version of J, jgtk and jwd for older but still supported versions), a web-based frontend (jhs), and various mobile apps (J for iOS, Android).

The specific session manager being used changes the context and therefore answer to this task. For example, when using J from a browser (including mobile browsers) newlines are omitted by default. Further, J provides strong tools for coalescing results and manipulating them prior to output, so newline elimination would typically happen before output rather than after.

With that said, prompt handles the most common cases (using binary output for jconsole, so no newline is appended; adjusting the REPL prompt in the desktop apps to to elide the newline which is normally included by default, etc).

For truly automated processes, you'd almost always want this kind of functionality (omitting the newline when printing) in a file- or stream-oriented application. For those cases, the simple text 1!:3 file will append the text to the referenced file verbatim, without inserting any extra newlines.

So, if a J programmer were asked to solve this task, the right approach would be to ask why that is needed, and then craft a solution appropriate to that situation.

Java

<lang java>public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args)
{
 System.out.print("Goodbye, World!");
}

}</lang>

Julia

Julia provides a println function which appends a newline, and a print function which doesn't: <lang julia>print("Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Lasso

Lasso provides a stdoutnl method that prints a trailing newline, and a stdout method that does not: <lang lasso>stdout("Goodbye, World!")</lang>

LFE

<lang lisp> (: io format '"Hello, planetary orb!") </lang>

Liberty BASIC

A trailing semicolon prevents a newline <lang lb>print "Goodbye, World!"; </lang>

Limbo

<lang limbo> implement HelloWorld;

include "sys.m"; sys: Sys; include "draw.m";

HelloWorld: module { init: fn(nil: ref Draw->Context, nil: list of string); };

init(nil: ref Draw->Context, nil: list of string) { sys = load Sys Sys->PATH; sys->print("Hello, World!"); } </lang>

Logtalk

No action is necessary to avoid an unwanted newline. <lang logtalk>

- object(error_message).

   % the initialization/1 directive argument is automatically executed
   % when the object is compiled loaded into memory:
   :- initialization(write('Goodbye, World!')).

- end_object.

</lang>

Lua

<lang lua>io.write("Goodbye, World!")</lang>

m4

(Quoted) text is issued verbatim, "dnl" suppresses all input until and including the next newline. Simply creating an input without a trailing newline would of course accomplish the same task.

<lang m4>`Goodbye, World!'dnl</lang>

Maple

<lang Maple> printf( "Goodbye, World!" ); </lang>

Mathematica

<lang Mathematica> NotebookWrite[EvaluationNotebook[], "Goodbye, World!"]</lang>

MATLAB / Octave

<lang Matlab> fprintf('Goodbye, World!');</lang>

mIRC Scripting Language

<lang mirc>echo -ag Goodbye, World!</lang>

ML/I

Simple solution

In ML/I, if there isn't a newline in the input, there won't be one in the output; so a simple solution is this (although it's hard to see that there isn't a newline). <lang ML/I>Goodbye, World!</lang>

Nemerle

<lang Nemerle>using System.Console;

module Hello {

   // as with C#, Write() does not append a newline
   Write("Goodbye, world!");

   // equivalently
   Write("Goodbye, ");
   Write("world!");

}</lang>

NetRexx

<lang NetRexx>/* NetRexx */ options replace format comments java crossref symbols binary

say 'Goodbye, World!\-' </lang>

NewLISP

<lang NewLISP>(print "Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Objeck

<lang objeck> bundle Default {

 class SayGoodbye {
   function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
     "Goodbye, World!"->Print();
   }
 }

} </lang>

OCaml

In OCaml, the function print_endline prints a string followed by a newline character on the standard output and flush the standard output. And the function print_string just prints a string with nothing additional.

<lang ocaml>print_string "Goodbye, World!"</lang>

Oxygene

This example is incorrect. Please fix the code and remove this message.

Details: output isn't consistent with the task's requirements: wording, capitalization.

<lang oxygene> namespace HelloWorld;

interface

type

 HelloWorld = class
 public
   class method Main; 
 end;

implementation

class method HelloWorld.Main; begin

 Console.Write('Farewell, ');
 Console.Write('cruel ');
 Console.WriteLine('world!');

end;

end. </lang>

>HelloWorld.exe
Farewell, cruel world!

Panoramic

<lang Panoramic> rem insert a trailing semicolon. print "Goodbye, World!"; print " Nice having known you." </lang>

PARI/GP

<lang parigp>print1("Goodbye, World!")</lang>

PASM

<lang pasm>print "Goodbye World!" # Newlines do not occur unless we embed them end</lang>

Pascal

<lang pascal>program NewLineOmission(output);

begin

 write('Goodbye, World!');

end.</lang> Output:

% ./NewLineOmission 
Goodbye, World!%

Perl

<lang perl>print "Goodbye, World!"; # A newline does not occur automatically</lang>

Perl 6

A newline is not added automatically to print or printf <lang perl6>print "Goodbye, World!"; printf "%s", "Goodbye, World!";</lang>

PHL

Printf doesn't add newline automatically.

<lang phl>module helloworld_noln; extern printf;

@Integer main [

   printf("Goodbye, World!");
   return 0;

]</lang>

PicoLisp

<lang PicoLisp>(prin "Goodbye, world")</lang>

PL/I

<lang PL/I> put ('Goodbye, World!'); </lang>

PureBasic

<lang PureBasic>OpenConsole() Print("Goodbye, World!") Input() ;wait for enter key to be pressed</lang>

Python

<lang python>import sys sys.stdout.write("Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Works with: Python version 3.x

<lang python>print("Goodbye, World!", end="")</lang>

Racket

<lang Racket>#lang racket (display "Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Retro

<lang Retro>"Goodbye, World!" puts</lang>

REXX

It should be noted that upon a REXX program completion, any text left pending without a C/R (or newline) is followed by a
blank line so as to not leave the state of the terminal with malformed "text lines" (which can be followed by other text
(lines) from a calling program(s), or the operating system (shell) which is usually some sort of a "prompt" text string. <lang rexx>/*REXX pgm displays a "Goodbye, World!" without a trailing newline. */

call charout ,'Goodbye, World!'</lang>

Ruby

<lang ruby>print "Goodbye, World!"</lang>

Salmon

<lang Salmon>print("Goodbye, World!");</lang>

Scala

Library: scala

Ad hoc REPL solution

Ad hoc solution as REPL script. Type this in a REPL session: <lang Scala>print("Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Scheme

<lang scheme>(display "Goodbye, World!")</lang>

Seed7

<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";

const proc: main is func

 begin
   write("Goodbye, World!");
 end func;</lang>

Standard ML

<lang sml>print "Goodbye, World!"</lang>

Tcl

<lang tcl>puts -nonewline "Goodbye, World!"</lang>

TUSCRIPT

<lang tuscript> $$ MODE TUSCRIPT PRINT "Goodbye, World!" </lang> Output:

Goodbye, World!

TXR

This example is incorrect. Please fix the code and remove this message.

Details: output isn't consistent with the task's requirements: wording, capitalization.

Possible using access to standard output stream via TXR Lisp: <lang bash>$txr -c '@(do (format t "Hello, world!"))' Hello, world!$</lang>

UNIX Shell

The echo command is not portable, and echo -n is not guaranteed to prevent a newline from occuring. With the original Bourne Shell, echo -n "Goodbye, World!" prints -n Goodbye, World! with a newline. So use a printf instead.

Works with: Bourne Shell

<lang bash>printf "Goodbye, World!" # This works. There is no newline. printf %s "-hyphens and % signs" # Use %s with arbitrary strings.</lang>

Unfortunately, older systems where you have to rely on vanilla Bourne shell may not have a printf command, either. It's possible that there is no command available to complete the task, but only on very old systems. For the rest, one of these two should work:

<lang bash>echo -n 'Goodbye, World!'</lang> or <lang bash>echo 'Goodbye, World!\c'</lang>

The print command, from the Korn Shell, would work well, but most shells have no print command. (With pdksh, print is slightly faster than printf because print runs a built-in command, but printf forks an external command. With ksh93 and zsh, print and printf are both built-in commands.)

Works with: ksh93

Works with: pdksh

Works with: zsh

<lang bash>print -n "Goodbye, World!" print -nr -- "-hyphens and \backslashes"</lang>

C Shell

C Shell does support echo -n and omits the newline.

<lang csh>echo -n "Goodbye, World!" echo -n "-hyphens and \backslashes"</lang>

Web 68

This example is incorrect. Please fix the code and remove this message.

Details: output isn't consistent with the task's requirements: wording, punctuation.

Use the command 'tang -V hello.w68', then 'chmod +x hello.a68', then './hello.a68'

<lang web68>@ @a@=#!/usr/bin/a68g -nowarn@>@\BEGIN print("Hello World") END</lang>

XPL0

<lang XPL0>code Text=12; Text(0, "Goodbye, World!")</lang>

ZX Spectrum Basic

<lang basic>10 REM The trailing semicolon prevents a newline 20 PRINT "Goodbye, World!";</lang>

Revision as of 03:08, 26 December 2013

Icon and Unicon

MATLAB / Octave

Simple solution

More sophisticated solution

Ad hoc REPL solution