Create a file on magnetic tape
The task is to create a new file called "TAPE.FILE" of any size on Magnetic Tape.
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Applesoft BASIC
<lang ApplesoftBasic>SAVE</lang>
C
The program is self explanatory. :) <lang C>
- include<stdio.h>
int main() { FILE* fp = fopen("TAPE.FILE","w");
fprintf(fp,"This code should be able to write a file to magnetic tape.\n"); fprintf(fp,"The Wikipedia page on Magnetic tape data storage shows that magnetic tapes are still in use.\n"); fprintf(fp,"In fact, the latest format, at the time of writing this code is TS1155 released in 2017.\n"); fprintf(fp,"And since C is already 44, maybe 45, years old in 2017, I am sure someone somewhere did use a C compiler on magnetic tapes.\n"); fprintf(fp,"If you happen to have one, please try to compile and execute me on that system.\n"); fprintf(fp,"My creator tested me on an i5 machine with SSD and RAM that couldn't have even been dreamt of by Denis Ritchie.\n"); fprintf(fp,"Who knows ? Maybe he did foresee today, after all he created something which is still young after 44-45 years and counting...\n"); fprintf(fp,"EOF");
fclose(fp);
return 0; }
</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>#include <iostream>
- include <fstream>
- if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
constexpr auto FILENAME = "tape.file";
- else
constexpr auto FILENAME = "/dev/tape";
- endif
int main() {
std::filebuf fb; fb.open(FILENAME,std::ios::out); std::ostream os(&fb); os << "Hello World\n"; fb.close(); return 0;
}</lang>
Clojure
<lang clojure>(spit "/dev/tape" "Hello, World!")</lang>
COBOL
<lang COBOL> >>SOURCE FORMAT IS FREE IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. MAKE-TAPE-FILE.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION. FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT TAPE-FILE
ASSIGN "./TAPE.FILE"
ORGANIZATION IS LINE SEQUENTIAL.
DATA DIVISION. FILE SECTION. FD TAPE-FILE. 01 TAPE-FILE-RECORD PIC X(51).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
OPEN OUTPUT SHARING WITH ALL OTHER TAPE-FILE
WRITE TAPE-FILE-RECORD
FROM "COBOL treats tape files and text files identically."
END-WRITE
STOP RUN.</lang>
Crystal
<lang ruby>filename = {% if flag?(:win32) %}
"TAPE.FILE"
{% else %}
"/dev/tape"
{% end %}
File.write filename, "howdy, planet!"</lang>
D
<lang D>import std.stdio;
void main() {
version(Windows) {
File f = File("TAPE.FILE", "w");
} else {
File f = File("/dev/tape", "w");
}
f.writeln("Hello World!");
}</lang>
Delphi
<lang Delphi> program Create_a_file_on_magnetic_tape;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
const {$IFDEF WIN32}
FileName = 'tape.file';
{$ELSE}
FileName = '/dev/tape';
{$ENDIF}
var
f: TextFile;
begin
Assign(f, FileName); Rewrite(f); Writeln(f, 'Hello World'); close(f);
end. </lang>
Factor
<lang factor>USING: io.encodings.ascii io.files kernel system ;
"Hello from Rosetta Code!" os windows? "tape.file" "/dev/tape" ? ascii set-file-contents</lang>
Fortran
Fortran performs reads and writes to some device, without caring much about the precise nature of the device: card reader/punch, paper tape reader/punch, keyboard, display console, and of course magnetic tape. Sequential input or output is normal, but random access by record number is also possible, though the interface between the Fortran program and the device may not support such attempts, as with a card reader or a display screen. There are also special statements, such as REWIND and BACKSPACE, and ENDFILE. The file OPEN statement will specify such matters as record length and block size and so all is in place for dealing with magnetic tapes...
Of the simplest sort: "Unlabelled". Such a tape consists of a sequence of data blocks, separated by inter-record-gaps, with two in a row at the end to specify the end-of-data on the tape. Although called inter-record, they are actually inter-block: the tape unit reads or writes blocks of say 5,000 characters, not caring that each block might be regarded as containing 50 records of length 100, or 100 records of length 50, etc. The inter-record gap is a sequence of three quarters of an inch of magnetic tape, containing special magnetisation that can be written or sensed at any speed, because these spaces are where the tape is brought to rest between reads or writes. That is, having written the data of a block at full speed, the tape write head writes an IRG as the tape is brought to a stop, and later, when it resumes motion to reach operating speed for the writing of the next block. With adequate data buffering, tape is moved past the head without pause through the IRG as blocks are read or written. If the tape is being read (and written!) with random access the width of the IRG allows for some slop in positioning. Some caution is in order: a "fast forward" action, followed by a few seconds pause to allow the attainment of maximum speed, then a REWIND resulted in a piece of tape being stretched to double length and half width...
Unlabelled tapes are quite inconvenient in a non-user operated computer installation, as mistakes are very easy to make. The wrong tape gets overwritten and the ensuing conversation sours. Computer-readable labels were introduced to supplement human-readable written labels affixed to the tape reel. Co-ordination and standardisation were weak in the 1970s, so there was a lot of variation and partial interoperability between manufacturers and ANSI standards. The first step was of course non-standard labels: some data would be written to the start of the tape that constituted a label, followed by a tape mark, then the actual data file, and so on. Users at an installation would attempt to conform to the local style, and there would be discussions, especially when tapes were exchanged with different systems. A large organisation such as IBM would have its method, and the basic idea was that at the start of the tape would be a volume label and additional information to allow for a data file (or multiple data files) that extended over many reels of tape, each tape identified in turn. This would start with an eighty-character record, beginning "VOL1" - but in EBCDIC, and only later in ASCII. None of this would be visible to the user's programme because it would be handled by the operating system with statements in Job Control Language for the run to identify the file on tape that is to be accessed when the user's programme executes an OPEN statement of a suitable form. And this access would revert to sequential reading or writing with quite ordinary READ and WRITE statements.
This was developed when tape drives used half-inch tapes in lengths up to 2,400 feet and seven or nine-track recording, storing up to about 150MB per reel - much depended on the length lost to IRG usage between blocks, but block sizes beyond 20,000 were considered large. Subsequent tape designs have included 18, 36, and 128 tracks, helical recording and storage capacities in tens of gigabytes. Naturally, the tape labelling protocols have become even more complex, but, these matters are handled by more complex operating systems.
FreeBASIC
<lang freebasic>Dim As Integer numarch = Freefile Open "tape.file" For Output As #numarch Print #numarch, "Soy un archivo de cinta ahora, o espero serlo pronto." Close #numarch</lang>
Go
Taking a cue from the discussion page, this creates an optionally compressed tar (tape archive) file on stdout (or written to a file or a device such as /dev/tape). The tar archive will contain a single file, called TAPE.FILE by default, with the contents of the command line -data option. <lang go>package main
import (
"archive/tar"
"compress/gzip"
"flag"
"io"
"log"
"os"
"time"
)
func main() {
filename := flag.String("file", "TAPE.FILE", "filename within TAR")
data := flag.String("data", "", "data for file")
outfile := flag.String("out", "", "output file or device (e.g. /dev/tape)")
gzipFlag := flag.Bool("gzip", false, "use gzip compression")
flag.Parse()
var w io.Writer = os.Stdout
if *outfile != "" {
f, err := os.Create(*outfile)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("opening/creating %q: %v", *outfile, err)
}
defer f.Close()
w = f
}
if *gzipFlag {
zw := gzip.NewWriter(w)
defer zw.Close()
w = zw
}
tw := tar.NewWriter(w)
defer tw.Close()
w = tw
tw.WriteHeader(&tar.Header{
Name: *filename,
Mode: 0660,
Size: int64(len(*data)),
ModTime: time.Now(),
Typeflag: tar.TypeReg,
Uname: "guest",
Gname: "guest",
})
_, err := w.Write([]byte(*data))
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("writing data:", err)
}
}</lang>
- Output:
% go run tapefile.go -data "Hello World" -gzip | tar -tvzf - -rw-rw---- 0 guest guest 11 11 Aug 13:42 TAPE.FILE
Groovy
<lang groovy>import java.nio.file.Files import java.nio.file.Path import java.nio.file.Paths
class CreateFile {
static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String os = System.getProperty("os.name")
if (os.contains("Windows")) {
Path path = Paths.get("tape.file")
Files.write(path, Collections.singletonList("Hello World!"))
} else {
Path path = Paths.get("/dev/tape")
Files.write(path, Collections.singletonList("Hello World!"))
}
}
}</lang>
Haskell
<lang haskell>module Main (main) where
main :: IO () main = writeFile "/dev/tape" "Hello from Rosetta Code!"</lang>
Icon and Unicon
This solution mimics the solution used in many other languages here and works in both Icon and Unicon. <lang unicon>procedure main()
write(open("/dev/tape","w"),"Hi")
end</lang>
IS-BASIC
<lang IS-BASIC>100 OPEN #1:"Tape1:README.TXT" ACCESS OUTPUT 110 PRINT #1:"I am a tape file now, or hope to be soon." 120 CLOSE #1</lang>
Java
<lang java>import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.util.Collections;
public class CreateFile {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
if (os.contains("Windows")) {
Path path = Paths.get("tape.file");
Files.write(path, Collections.singletonList("Hello World!"));
} else {
Path path = Paths.get("/dev/tape");
Files.write(path, Collections.singletonList("Hello World!"));
}
}
}</lang>
JCL
<lang JCL>// EXEC PGM=IEBGENER //* Create a file named "TAPE.FILE" on magnetic tape; "UNIT=TAPE" //* may vary depending on site-specific esoteric name assignment //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=* //SYSIN DD DUMMY //SYSUT2 DD UNIT=TAPE,DSN=TAPE.FILE,DISP=(,CATLG) //SYSUT1 DD * DATA TO BE WRITTEN TO TAPE /* </lang>
Julia
<lang julia> open("/dev/tape", "w") do f
write(f, "Hello tape!")
end </lang>
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.1.0 (Linux)
import java.io.FileWriter
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val lp0 = FileWriter("/dev/tape")
lp0.write("Hello, world!")
lp0.close()
}</lang>
Lua
<lang lua>require "lfs"
local out if lfs.attributes('/dev/tape') then
out = '/dev/tape'
else
out = 'tape.file'
end file = io.open(out, 'w') file:write('Hello world') io.close(file)</lang>
Nim
<lang nim>var t = open("/dev/tape", fmWrite) t.writeln "Hi Tape!" t.close</lang>
Phix
<lang Phix>include builtins/write_file.e constant filepath = iff(platform()=WINDOWS?"tape.file":"/dev/tape"), write_file(file_path,"Hello world!")</lang>
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(out "/dev/tape"
(prin "Hello World!") )</lang>
Python
<lang python>>>> with open('/dev/tape', 'w') as t: t.write('Hi Tape!\n') ... >>> </lang>
Racket
<lang Racket>
- lang racket
(with-output-to-file "/dev/tape" #:exists 'append
(λ() (displayln "I am a cheap imitation of the Perl code for a boring problem")))
</lang>
Raku
(formerly Perl 6) <lang perl6>my $tape = open "/dev/tape", :w or die "Can't open tape: $!"; $tape.say: "I am a tape file now, or hope to be soon."; $tape.close;</lang>
REXX
The actual mounting and attaching would be performed by the appropriate operating system (and/or user) commands.
DSNAME (below) would be the REXX variable that is associated with a dataset that is assigned to a magnetic tape
device. The association would be different, depending on upon the operating system being used.
VM/CMS would use a CP ATTACH command, coupled with a CMS FILEDEF command which associates a
DSNAME (dataset name) that will be written to on the attached (and mounted) magnetic tape device.
<lang rexx>/*REXX pgm demonstrates writing records to an attached magnetic tape.*/
dsName = 'TAPE.FILE' /*dsName of "file" being written.*/
do j=1 for 100 /*write 100 records to mag tape. */
call lineout dsName, 'this is record' j || "."
end /*j*/
/*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/</lang>
Ring
<lang ring>
- Project : Create a file on magnetic tape
fn = "Tape.file" fp = fopen(fn,"w") str = "I am a tape file now, or hope to be soon." fwrite(fp, str) fclose(fp) </lang>
Ruby
<lang ruby>File.open("tape.file", "w") do |fh|
fh.syswrite("This code should be able to write a file to magnetic tape.\n")
end</lang>
Rust
<lang Rust>use std::io::Write; use std::fs::File;
fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
File::open("/dev/tape")?.write_all(b"Hello from Rosetta Code!")
}</lang>
Scala
Unix
Assuming device is attached to "tape" <lang Scala>object LinePrinter extends App {
import java.io.{ FileWriter, IOException }
{
val lp0 = new FileWriter("/dev/tape")
lp0.write("Hello, world!")
lp0.close()
}
}</lang>
Seed7
<lang Seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
const proc: main is func
local
var file: tapeFile is STD_NULL;
begin
tapeFile := open("/dev/tape", "w");
if tapeFile = STD_NULL then
tapeFile := open("tape.file", "w");
end if;
if tapeFile <> STD_NULL then
writeln(tapeFile, "Hello, world!");
close(tapeFile);
else
writeln(" ***** Cannot open tape file.");
end if;
end func;</lang>
Tcl
Tcl does not have built-in special support for tape devices, so it relies on the OS to handle most of the details for it. Assuming a relatively modern Unix:
<lang tcl>cd /tmp
- Create the file
set f [open hello.jnk w] puts $f "Hello World!" close $f
- Archive to tape
set fin [open "|tar cf - hello.jnk" rb] set fout [open /dev/tape wb] fcopy $fin $fout close $fin close $fout</lang>
TUSCRIPT
<lang tuscript>$$ MODE TUSCRIPT STATUS = CREATE ("tape.file",tape-o,-std-) PRINT STATUS</lang>
- Output:
OK
UNIX Shell
<lang bash>#!/bin/sh cd # Make our home directory current echo "Hello World!" > hello.jnk # Create a junk file
- tape rewind # Uncomment this to rewind the tape
tar c hello.jnk # Traditional archivers use magnetic tape by default
- tar c hello.jnk > /dev/tape # With newer archivers redirection is needed</lang>
Wren
<lang ecmascript>import "os" for Platform import "io" for File
var fileName = (Platform.isWindows) ? "TAPE.FILE" : "/dev/tape" File.create(fileName) { |file|
file.writeBytes("Hello World!\n")
}</lang>
ZX Spectrum Basic
The ZX Spectrum does not have file type extensions, so we save as TAPEFILE, rather than TAPE.FILE. We can use any start address, depending on where we want the data to come from. Here we dump the contents of the screen: <lang zxbasic>SAVE "TAPEFILE" CODE 16384,6912</lang>