Coprime triplets

From Rosetta Code
Coprime triplets is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.
Task

Starting from the sequence a(1)=1 and a(2)=2 find the next smallest number which is coprime to the last two predecessors and has not yet appeared yet in the sequence.
p and q are coprimes if they have no common factors other than 1.
Let p, q < 50

11l

Translation of: Nim
V lst = [1, 2]

L
   V n = 3
   V prev2 = lst[(len)-2]
   V prev1 = lst.last
   L n C lst | gcd(n, prev2) != 1 | gcd(n, prev1) != 1
      n++
   I n >= 50
      L.break
   lst.append(n)

print(lst.join(‘ ’))
Output:
1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45

Action!

INT FUNC Gcd(INT a,b)
  INT tmp

  IF a<b THEN
    tmp=a a=b b=tmp
  FI

  WHILE b#0
  DO
    tmp=a MOD b
    a=b b=tmp
  OD
RETURN (a)

BYTE FUNC Contains(INT v INT ARRAY a INT count)
  INT i

  FOR i=0 TO count-1
  DO
    IF a(i)=v THEN
      RETURN (1)
    FI
  OD
RETURN (0)

BYTE FUNC Skip(INT v INT ARRAY a INT count)
  IF Contains(v,a,count) THEN
    RETURN (1)
  ELSEIF Gcd(v,a(count-1))>1 THEN
    RETURN (1)
  ELSEIF Gcd(v,a(count-2))>1 THEN
    RETURN (1)
  FI
RETURN (0)

BYTE FUNC CoprimeTriplets(INT limit INT ARRAY a)
  INT i,count

  a(0)=1 a(1)=2
  count=2
  
  DO
    i=3
    WHILE Skip(i,a,count)
    DO
      i==+1
    OD
    IF i>=limit THEN
      RETURN (count)
    FI
    a(count)=i
    count==+1
  OD
RETURN (count)

PROC Main()
  DEFINE LIMIT="50"
  INT ARRAY a(LIMIT)
  INT i,count

  count=CoprimeTriplets(LIMIT,a)
  FOR i=0 TO count-1
  DO
    PrintI(a(i)) Put(32)
  OD
  PrintF("%E%EThere are %I coprimes less than %I",count,LIMIT)
RETURN
Output:

Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer

1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45

There are 36 coprimes less than 50

ALGOL 68

BEGIN # find members of the coprime triplets sequence: starting from 1, 2 the #
      # subsequent members are the lowest number coprime to the previous two  #
      # that haven't appeared in the sequence yet                             #
    # iterative Greatest Common Divisor routine, returns the gcd of m and n   #
    PROC gcd = ( INT m, n )INT:
         BEGIN
            INT a := ABS m, b := ABS n;
            WHILE b /= 0 DO
                INT new a = b;
                b        := a MOD b;
                a        := new a
            OD;
            a
         END # gcd # ;
    # returns an array of the coprime triplets up to n                        #
    OP   COPRIMETRIPLETS = ( INT n )[]INT:
         BEGIN
            [ 1 : n ]INT result;
            IF n > 0 THEN
                result[ 1 ] := 1;
                IF n > 1 THEN
                    [ 1 : n ]BOOL used;
                    used[ 1 ] := used[ 2 ] := TRUE;
                    FOR i FROM 3 TO n DO used[ i ] := FALSE; result[ i ] := 0 OD;
                    result[ 2 ] := 2;
                    FOR i FROM 3 TO n DO
                        INT p1 = result[ i - 1 ];
                        INT p2 = result[ i - 2 ];
                        BOOL found := FALSE;
                        FOR j TO n WHILE NOT found DO
                            IF NOT used[ j ] THEN
                                found := gcd( p1, j ) = 1 AND gcd( p2, j ) = 1;
                                IF found THEN
                                    used[   j ] := TRUE;
                                    result[ i ] := j
                                FI
                            FI
                        OD
                    OD
                FI
            FI;
            result
         END # COPRIMETRIPLETS # ;
    []INT cps = COPRIMETRIPLETS 49;
    INT printed := 0;
    FOR i TO UPB cps DO
        IF cps[ i ] /= 0 THEN
            print( ( whole( cps[ i ], -3 ) ) );
            printed +:= 1;
            IF printed MOD 10 = 0 THEN print( ( newline ) ) FI
        FI
    OD;
    print( ( newline, "Found ", whole( printed, 0 ), " coprime triplets up to ", whole( UPB cps, 0 ), newline ) )
END
Output:
  1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8 11 13
  6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14
 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43
 47 20 33 49 26 45
Found 36 coprime triplets up to 49

ALGOL W

begin % find a sequence of coprime triplets, each element is coprime to the  %
      % two predeccessors and hasn't appeared in the list yet, the first two %
      % elements are 1 and 2                                                 %
    integer procedure gcd ( integer value m, n ) ;
    begin
        integer a, b;
        a := abs m;
        b := abs n;
        while b not = 0 do begin
            integer newA;
            newA := b;
            b    := a rem b;
            a    := newA
        end while_b_ne_0 ;
        a
    end gcd ;
    % construct the sequence %
    integer array seq ( 1 :: 49 );
    integer sCount;
    seq( 1 ) := 1; seq( 2 ) := 2; for i := 3 until 49 do seq( i ) := 0;
    for i := 3 until 49 do begin
        integer s1, s2, lowest;
        s1     := seq( i - 1 );
        s2     := seq( i - 2 );
        lowest := 2;
        while begin logical candidate;
                    lowest    := lowest + 1;
                    candidate := gcd( s1, lowest ) = 1 and gcd( s2, lowest ) = 1;
                    if candidate then begin
                        % lowest is coprime to the previous two elements %
                        % check it hasn't appeared already               %
                        for pos := 1 until i - 1 do begin
                            candidate := candidate and lowest not = seq( pos );
                        end for_pos ;
                        if candidate then seq( i ) := lowest;
                    end if_lowest_coprime_to_s1_and_s2 ;
                    not candidate and lowest < 50
        end do begin end while_not_found
    end for_i ;
    % show the sequence %
    sCount := 0;
    for i := 1 until 49 do begin
        if seq( i ) not = 0 then begin
            writeon( i_w := 2, s_w := 0, " ", seq( i ) );
            sCount := sCount + 1;
            if sCount rem 10 = 0 then write()
        end if_seq_i_ne_0
    end for_i ;
    write( i_w := 1, s_w := 0, sCount, " coprime triplets below 50" )
end.
Output:
  1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8 11 13
  6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14
 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43
 47 20 33 49 26 45
36 coprime triplets below 50

AppleScript

on hcf(a, b)
    repeat until (b = 0)
        set x to a
        set a to b
        set b to x mod b
    end repeat
    
    if (a < 0) then return -a
    return a
end hcf

on coprimeTriplets(max)
    if (max < 3) then return {}
    script o
        property candidates : {}
        property output : {1, 2}
    end script
    
    -- When repeatedly searching for lowest unused numbers, it's faster in
    -- AppleScript to take numbers from a preset list of candidates which
    -- grows shorter from at or near the low end as used numbers are removed
    -- than it is to test increasing numbers of previous numbers each time
    -- against a list that's growing longer with them.
    -- Generate the list of candidates here.
    repeat with i from 3 to max
        set end of o's candidates to i
    end repeat
    set candidateCount to max - 2
    set {p1, p2} to o's output
    set ok to true
    repeat while (ok) -- While suitable coprimes found and candidates left.
        repeat with i from 1 to candidateCount
            set q to item i of o's candidates
            set ok to ((hcf(p1, q) is 1) and (hcf(p2, q) is 1))
            if (ok) then -- q is coprime with both p1 and p2.
                set end of o's output to q
                set p1 to p2
                set p2 to q
                -- Remove q from the candidate list.
                set item i of o's candidates to missing value
                set o's candidates to o's candidates's numbers
                set candidateCount to candidateCount - 1
                set ok to (candidateCount > 0)
                exit repeat
            end if
        end repeat
    end repeat
    
    return o's output
end coprimeTriplets

-- Task code:
return coprimeTriplets(49)
Output:
{1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 9, 8, 11, 13, 6, 17, 19, 10, 21, 23, 16, 15, 29, 14, 25, 27, 22, 31, 35, 12, 37, 41, 18, 43, 47, 20, 33, 49, 26, 45}

Arturo

lst: [1 2]

while [true][
    n: 3
    prev2: lst\[dec dec size lst]
    prev1: last lst

    while -> any? @[
        contains? lst n
        1 <> gcd @[n prev2]
        1 <> gcd @[n prev1]
    ] -> n: n + 1

    if n >= 50 -> break
    'lst ++ n
]

loop split.every:10 lst 'a ->
    print map a => [pad to :string & 3]
Output:
  1   2   3   5   4   7   9   8  11  13 
  6  17  19  10  21  23  16  15  29  14 
 25  27  22  31  35  12  37  41  18  43 
 47  20  33  49  26  45

C

/*
************************
*                      *
*   COPRIME TRIPLETS   *
*                      *
************************
*/
/* Starting from the sequence a(1)=1 and a(2)=2 find the next smallest number
which is coprime to the last two predecessors and has not yet appeared in the
sequence.
p and q are coprimes if they have no common factors other than 1.
Let p, q < 50 */

#include <stdio.h>

int Gcd(int v1, int v2)
{
	/* It evaluates the Greatest Common Divisor between v1 and v2 */
	int a, b, r;
	if (v1 < v2)
	{
		a = v2;
		b = v1;
	}
	else
	{
		a = v1;
		b = v2;
	}
	do
	{
		r = a % b;
		if (r == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			a = b;
			b = r;
		}
	} while (1 == 1);
	return b;
}

int NotInList(int num, int numtrip, int *tripletslist)
{
	/* It indicates if the value num is already present in the list tripletslist of length numtrip */
	for (int i = 0; i < numtrip; i++)
	{
		if (num == tripletslist[i])
		{
			return 0;
		}
	}
	return 1;
} 	

int main()
{
	int coprime[50];
	int gcd1, gcd2;
	int ntrip = 2;
	int n = 3;
	
	/* The first two values */
	coprime[0] = 1;
	coprime[1] = 2;

	while ( n < 50)
	{
		gcd1 = Gcd(n, coprime[ntrip-1]);
		gcd2 = Gcd(n, coprime[ntrip-2]);
		/* if n is coprime of the previous two value
		and it isn't already present in the list */
		if (gcd1 == 1 && gcd2 == 1 && NotInList(n, ntrip, coprime))
		{
			coprime[ntrip++] = n;
			/* It starts searching a new triplets */
			n = 3;
		}
		else
		{
			/* Trying to find a triplet with the next value */
			n++;
		}
	}
	
	/* printing the list of coprime triplets */
	printf("\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < ntrip; i++)
	{
		printf("%2d ", coprime[i]);
		if ((i+1) % 10 == 0)
		{
			printf("\n");
		}
	}
	
	printf("\n\nNumber of elements in coprime triplets: %d\n\n", ntrip);
	
	return 0;
}
Output:
 1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8 11 13
 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14
25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43
47 20 33 49 26 45

Number of elements in coprime triplets: 36

Delphi

Translation of: Julia
program Coprime_triplets;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  System.SysUtils;

//https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Greatest_common_divisor#Pascal_.2F_Delphi_.2F_Free_Pascal
function Gcd(u, v: longint): longint;
begin
  if v = 0 then
    EXIT(u);
  result := Gcd(v, u mod v);
end;

function IsIn(value: Integer; a: TArray<Integer>): boolean;
begin
  for var e in a do
    if e = value then
      exit(true);
  Result := false;
end;

function CoprimeTriplets(less_than: Integer = 50): TArray<Integer>;
var
  cpt: TArray<Integer>;
  _end: Integer;
begin
  cpt := [1, 2];
  _end := high(cpt);

  while True do
  begin
    var m := 1;
    while IsIn(m, cpt) or (gcd(m, cpt[_end]) <> 1) or (gcd(m, cpt[_end - 1]) <> 1) do
      inc(m);
    if m >= less_than then
      exit(cpt);
    SetLength(cpt, Length(cpt) + 1);
    _end := high(cpt);
    cpt[_end] := m;
  end;
end;

begin
  var trps := CoprimeTriplets();
  writeln('Found ', length(trps), ' coprime triplets less than 50:');
  for var i := 0 to High(trps) do
  begin
    write(trps[i]: 2, ' ');
    if (i + 1) mod 10 = 0 then
      writeln;
  end;
  {$IFNDEF UNIX} Readln; {$ENDIF}
end.

F#

// Coprime triplets: Nigel Galloway. May 12th., 2021
let rec fN g=function 0->g=1 |n->fN n (g%n)
let rec fG t n1 n2=seq{let n=seq{1..0x0FFFFFFF}|>Seq.find(fun n->not(List.contains n t) && fN n1 n && fN n2 n) in yield n; yield! cT(n::t) n2 n}
let cT=seq{yield 1; yield 2; yield! fG [1;2] 1 2}
cT|>Seq.takeWhile((>)50)|>Seq.iter(printf "%d "); printfn ""
Output:
1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45

Factor

Works with: Factor version 0.99 2021-02-05
USING: combinators.short-circuit.smart formatting grouping io
kernel make math prettyprint sequences sets ;

: coprime? ( m n -- ? ) simple-gcd 1 = ;

: coprime-both? ( m n o -- ? ) '[ _ coprime? ] both? ;

: triplet? ( hs m n o -- ? )
    { [ coprime-both? nip ] [ 2nip swap in? not ] } && ;

: next ( hs m n -- hs' m' n' )
    0 [ 4dup triplet? ] [ 1 + ] until
    nipd pick [ adjoin ] keepd ;

: (triplets-upto) ( n -- )
    [ HS{ 1 2 } clone 1 , 1 2 ] dip
    '[ 2dup [ _ < ] both? ] [ dup , next ] while 3drop ;

: triplets-upto ( n -- seq ) [ (triplets-upto) ] { } make ;

"Coprime triplets under 50:" print
50 triplets-upto
[ 9 group simple-table. nl ]
[ length "Found %d terms.\n" printf ] bi
Output:
Coprime triplets under 50:
1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8  11
13 6  17 19 10 21 23 16 15
29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37
41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45

Found 36 terms.

FreeBASIC

function gcd( a as uinteger, b as uinteger ) as uinteger
    if b = 0 then return a
    return gcd( b, a mod b )
end function

function num_in_array( array() as integer, num as integer ) as boolean
    for i as uinteger = 1 to ubound(array)
        if array(i) = num then return true
    next i
    return false
end function

redim as integer trips(1 to 2)
trips(1) = 1 : trips(2) = 2
dim as integer last

do
    last = ubound(trips)
    for q as integer = 1 to 49
        if not num_in_array( trips(), q ) _
          andalso gcd(q, trips(last)) = 1 _
          andalso gcd(q, trips(last-1)) = 1 then
            redim preserve as integer trips( 1 to last+1 )
            trips(last+1) = q
            continue do 
        end if
    next q
    exit do
loop

print using "Found ## terms:"; ubound(trips)

for i as integer = 1 to last
    print trips(i);" ";
next i : print
Output:
Found 36 terms:
1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8  11  13  6  17  19  10  21  23  16  15  29  14  25  27  22  31  35  12  37  41  18  43  47  20  33  49  26  45

Go

Translation of: Wren
Library: Go-rcu
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "rcu"
)

func contains(a []int, v int) bool {
    for _, e := range a {
        if e == v {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

func main() {
    const limit = 50
    cpt := []int{1, 2}
    for {
        m := 1
        l := len(cpt)
        for contains(cpt, m) || rcu.Gcd(m, cpt[l-1]) != 1 || rcu.Gcd(m, cpt[l-2]) != 1 {
            m++
        }
        if m >= limit {
            break
        }
        cpt = append(cpt, m)
    }
    fmt.Printf("Coprime triplets under %d:\n", limit)
    for i, t := range cpt {
        fmt.Printf("%2d ", t)
        if (i+1)%10 == 0 {
            fmt.Println()
        }
    }
    fmt.Printf("\n\nFound %d such numbers\n", len(cpt))
}
Output:
Coprime triplets under 50:
 1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8 11 13 
 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 
25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 
47 20 33 49 26 45 

Found 36 such numbers

Haskell

import Data.List (find, transpose, unfoldr)
import Data.List.Split (chunksOf)
import qualified Data.Set as S

--------------------- COPRIME TRIPLES --------------------

coprimeTriples :: Integral a => [a]
coprimeTriples =
  [1, 2] <> unfoldr go (S.fromList [1, 2], (1, 2))
  where
    go (seen, (a, b)) =
      Just
        (c, (S.insert c seen, (b, c)))
      where
        Just c =
          find
            ( ((&&) . flip S.notMember seen)
                <*> ((&&) . coprime a <*> coprime b)
            )
            [3 ..]

coprime :: Integral a => a -> a -> Bool
coprime a b = 1 == gcd a b


--------------------------- TEST -------------------------
main :: IO ()
main =
  let xs = takeWhile (< 50) coprimeTriples
   in putStrLn (show (length xs) <> " terms below 50:\n")
        >> putStrLn
          ( spacedTable
              justifyRight
              (chunksOf 10 (show <$> xs))
          )


-------------------------- FORMAT ------------------------
spacedTable ::
  (Int -> Char -> String -> String) -> [[String]] -> String
spacedTable aligned rows =
  unlines $
    unwords
      . zipWith
        (`aligned` ' ')
        (maximum . fmap length <$> transpose rows)
      <$> rows

justifyRight :: Int -> Char -> String -> String
justifyRight n c = (drop . length) <*> (replicate n c <>)
Output:
36 terms below 50:

 1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8 11 13
 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14
25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43
47 20 33 49 26 45

jq

Works with: jq

Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq

Preliminaries

# jq optimizes the recursive call of _gcd in the following:
def gcd(a;b):
  def _gcd:
    if .[1] != 0 then [.[1], .[0] % .[1]] | _gcd else .[0] end;
  [a,b] | _gcd ;

# Pretty-printing
def nwise($n):
  def n: if length <= $n then . else .[0:$n] , (.[$n:] | n) end;
  n;

def lpad($len): tostring | ($len - length) as $l | (" " * $l)[:$l] + .;

The task

# Input: an upper bound greater than 2
# Output: the array of coprime triplets [1,2 ... n] where n is less than the upper bound
def coprime_triplets:
  . as $less_than
  | {cpt: [1, 2], m:0}
  | until( .m >= $less_than;
        .m = 1
	| .cpt as $cpt
        | until( (.m | IN($cpt[]) | not) and (gcd(.m; $cpt[-1]) == 1) and (gcd(.m; $cpt[-2]) == 1);
            .m += 1 ) 
        | .cpt = $cpt + [.m] )
  | .cpt[:-1];

50 | coprime_triplets
| (nwise(10) | map(lpad(2)) | join(" "))
Output:
 1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8 11 13
 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14
25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43
47 20 33 49 26 45

Julia

Translation of: Phix
function coprime_triplets(less_than = 50)
    cpt = [1, 2]
    while true
        m = 1
        while m in cpt || gcd(m, cpt[end]) != 1 || gcd(m, cpt[end - 1]) != 1
            m += 1
        end
        m >= less_than && return cpt
        push!(cpt, m)
    end
end

trps = coprime_triplets()
println("Found $(length(trps)) coprime triplets less than 50:")
foreach(p -> print(rpad(p[2], 3), p[1] %10 == 0 ? "\n" : ""), enumerate(trps))
Output:

Found 36 coprime triplets less than 50: 1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45

Mathematica/Wolfram Language

ClearAll[NextTerm]
NextTerm[a_List] := Module[{pred1, pred2, cands},
  {pred1, pred2} = Take[a, -2];
  cands = 
   Select[Range[50], CoprimeQ[#, pred1] && CoprimeQ[#, pred2] &];
  cands = Complement[cands, a];
  If[Length[cands] > 0,
   Append[a, First[cands]]
   ,
   a
   ]
  ]
Nest[NextTerm, {1, 2}, 120]
Output:
{1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 9, 8, 11, 13, 6, 17, 19, 10, 21, 23, 16, 15, 29, 14, 25, 27, 22, 31, 35, 12, 37, 41, 18, 43, 47, 20, 33, 49, 26, 45}

Nim

import math, strutils

var list = @[1, 2]

while true:
  var n = 3
  let prev2 = list[^2]
  let prev1 = list[^1]
  while n in list or gcd(n, prev2) != 1 or gcd(n, prev1) != 1:
    inc n
  if n >= 50: break
  list.add n

echo list.join(" ")
Output:
1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45

Perl

Library: ntheory
use strict;
use warnings;
use feature <state say>;
use ntheory 'gcd';
use List::Util 'first';
use List::Lazy 'lazy_list';
use enum qw(False True);
use constant Inf => 1e5;

my $ct = lazy_list {
    state @c = (1, 2);
    state %seen = (1 => True, 2 => True);
    state $min = 3;
    my $g = $c[-2] * $c[-1];
    my $n = first { !$seen{$_} and gcd($_,$g) == 1 } $min .. Inf;
    $seen{$n} = True;
    $min = first { !$seen{$_} } $min .. Inf;
    push @c, $n;
    shift @c
};

my @ct;
do { push @ct, $ct->next() } until $ct[-1] > 50; pop @ct;
say join ' ', @ct
Output:
1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45

Phix

function coprime_triplets(integer less_than=50)
    sequence cpt = {1,2}
    while true do
        integer m = 1
        while find(m,cpt) 
           or gcd(m,cpt[$])!=1
           or gcd(m,cpt[$-1])!=1 do
            m += 1
        end while
        if m>=less_than then exit end if
        cpt &= m
    end while
    return cpt
end function
sequence res = apply(true,sprintf,{{"%2d"},coprime_triplets()})
printf(1,"Found %d coprime triplets:\n%s\n",{length(res),join_by(res,1,10," ")})
Output:
Found 36 coprime triplets:
 1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8 11 13
 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14
25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43
47 20 33 49 26 45

Python

########################
#                      #
#   COPRIME TRIPLETS   #
#                      #
########################

#Starting from the sequence a(1)=1 and a(2)=2 find the next smallest number
#which is coprime to the last two predecessors and has not yet appeared in
#the sequence.
#p and q are coprimes if they have no common factors other than 1.
#Let p, q < 50

#Function to find the Greatest Common Divisor between v1 and v2
def Gcd(v1, v2):
    a, b = v1, v2
    if (a < b):
        a, b = v2, v1
    r = 1
    while (r != 0):
        r = a % b
        if (r != 0):
            a = b
            b = r
    return b

#The first two values
a = [1, 2]
#The next value candidate to belong to a triplet
n = 3

while (n < 50):
    gcd1 = Gcd(n, a[-1])
    gcd2 = Gcd(n, a[-2])
    
    #if n is coprime of the previous two value and isn't present in the list
    if (gcd1 == 1 and gcd2 == 1 and not(n in a)):
        #n is the next element of a triplet
        a.append(n)
        n = 3
    else:
        #searching a new triplet with the next value
        n += 1

#printing the result
for i in range(0, len(a)):
    if (i % 10 == 0):
        print('')
    print("%4d" % a[i], end = '');
    

print("\n\nNumber of elements in coprime triplets = " + str(len(a)), end = "\n")
Output:
   1   2   3   5   4   7   9   8  11  13
   6  17  19  10  21  23  16  15  29  14
  25  27  22  31  35  12  37  41  18  43
  47  20  33  49  26  45

Number of elements in coprime triplets = 36

Quackery

coprime is defined at Coprimes#Quackery.

  [ over find swap found not ] is unused ( [ x --> b )
  
  ' [ 1 2 ] 2
  [ 1+ dup 50 <  while
    over -1 peek 
    over coprime until
    over -2 peek 
    over coprime until
    2dup unused  until
    join 2       again ] 
  drop
  echo
Output:
[ 1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45 ]

Raku

my @coprime-triplets = 1, 2, {
   state %seen = 1, True, 2, True;
   state $min = 3;
   my $g = $^a * $^b;
   my $n = ($min .. *).first: { !%seen{$_} && ($_ gcd $g == 1) }
   %seen{$n} = True;
   if %seen.elems %% 100 { $min = ($min .. *).first: { !%seen{$_} } }
   $n
} … *;

put "Coprime triplets before first > 50:\n",
@coprime-triplets[^(@coprime-triplets.first: * > 50, :k)].batch(10)».fmt("%4d").join: "\n";

put "\nOr maybe, minimum Coprime triplets that encompass 1 through 50:\n",
@coprime-triplets[0..(@coprime-triplets.first: * == 42, :k)].batch(10)».fmt("%4d").join: "\n";

put "\nAnd for the heck of it: 1001st through 1050th Coprime triplet:\n",
@coprime-triplets[1000..1049].batch(10)».fmt("%4d").join: "\n";
Output:
Coprime triplets before first > 50:
   1    2    3    5    4    7    9    8   11   13
   6   17   19   10   21   23   16   15   29   14
  25   27   22   31   35   12   37   41   18   43
  47   20   33   49   26   45

Or maybe, minimum Coprime triplets that encompass 1 through 50:
   1    2    3    5    4    7    9    8   11   13
   6   17   19   10   21   23   16   15   29   14
  25   27   22   31   35   12   37   41   18   43
  47   20   33   49   26   45   53   28   39   55
  32   51   59   38   61   63   34   65   57   44
  67   69   40   71   73   24   77   79   30   83
  89   36   85   91   46   75   97   52   81   95
  56   87  101   50   93  103   58   99  107   62
 105  109   64  111  113   68  115  117   74  119
 121   48  125  127   42

And for the heck of it: 1001st through 1050th Coprime triplet:
 682 1293 1361  680 1287 1363  686 1299 1367  688
1305 1369  692 1311 1373  694 1317 1375  698 1323
1381  704 1329 1379  706 1335 1387  716 1341 1385
 712 1347 1391  700 1353 1399  710 1359 1393  718
1371 1397  722 1365 1403  724 1377 1405  728 1383

REXX

/*REXX program finds and display  coprime triplets  below a specified limit  (limit=50).*/
parse arg n cols .                               /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/
if    n=='' |    n==","  then    n= 50           /*Not specified?  Then use the default.*/
if cols=='' | cols==","  then cols= 10           /* "      "         "   "   "     "    */
w= max(3, length( commas(n) ) )                  /*width of a number in any column.     */
                                     @copt= ' coprime triplets  where  N  < '    commas(n)
if cols>0  then say ' index │'center(@copt, 1 + cols*(w+1)     )
if cols>0  then say '───────┼'center(""   , 1 + cols*(W+1), '─')
!.= 0;                   @.= !.;   idx= 1;    $= /*initialize some variables.           */
       do #=1
          do j=1;     if @.j  then iterate       /*J in list of coprime triplets?  Skip.*/
          if #<3  then leave                     /*First two entries not defined? Use it*/
                      a= # - 1;    b= # - 2      /*get the last two indices of sequence.*/
          if gcd(j, !.a)\==1  then iterate       /*J not coprime with    last    number?*/
          if gcd(j, !.b)\==1  then iterate       /*"  "     "      "  penultimate   "   */
          leave                                  /*OK, we've found a new coprime triplet*/
          end   /*j*/
       if j>=n  then leave                       /*Have we exceeded the limit? Then quit*/
       @.j= 1;              !.#= j               /*flag a coprime triplet (two methods).*/
       if cols==0  then iterate                  /*Not showing the numbers? Keep looking*/
       $= $  right( commas(j), w)                /*append coprime triplet to output list*/
       if #//cols\==0  then iterate              /*Is output line full? No, keep looking*/
       say center(idx, 7)'│' substr($, 2);    $= /*show output line of coprime triplets.*/
       idx= idx + cols                           /*bump the index for the output line.  */
       end   /*forever*/

if $\==''  then say center(idx, 7)'│'  substr($, 2)   /*show any residual output numbers*/
if cols>0 then say '───────┴'center(""    , 1 + cols*(w+1), '─')
say
say 'Found '     commas(#-1)      @copt
exit 0                                           /*stick a fork in it,  we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
commas: parse arg ?;  do jc=length(?)-3  to 1  by -3; ?=insert(',', ?, jc); end;  return ?
gcd:    procedure; parse arg x,y;  do until _==0;  _= x//y;  x= y;  y= _;   end;  return x
output   when using the default inputs:
 index │    coprime triplets  where  N  <  50
───────┼─────────────────────────────────────────
   1   │   1   2   3   5   4   7   9   8  11  13
  11   │   6  17  19  10  21  23  16  15  29  14
  21   │  25  27  22  31  35  12  37  41  18  43
  31   │  47  20  33  49  26  45
───────┴─────────────────────────────────────────

Found  36  coprime triplets  where  N  <  50

Ring

see "working..." + nl
row = 2
numbers = 1:50
first = 1
second = 2
see "Coprime triplets are:" + nl
see "" + first + " " + second + " "

     for n = 3 to len(numbers)
         flag1 = 1
         flag2 = 1
         if first < numbers[n]
            min = first
         else
            min = numbers[n]
         ok
         for m = 2 to min
             if first%m = 0 and numbers[n]%m = 0
                flag1 = 0
                exit
             ok
         next
         if second < numbers[n]
            min = second
         else
            min = numbers[n]
         ok
         for m = 2 to min
             if second%m = 0 and numbers[n]%m = 0 
                flag2 = 0
                exit
             ok
         next
         if flag1 = 1 and flag2 = 1
            see "" + numbers[n] + " "
            first = second 
            second = numbers[n] 
            del(numbers,n)
            row = row+1
            if row%10 = 0
               see nl
            ok
            n = 2
         ok
    next

    see nl + "Found " + row + " coprime triplets" + nl
    see "done..." + nl
Output:
working...
Coprime triplets are:
1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 
6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 
25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 
47 20 33 49 26 45 
Found 36 coprime triplets
done...

RPL

Works with: HP version 49g
≪ {2 1} → coprimes
  ≪ WHILE coprimes HEAD 50 < REPEAT
       coprimes 1 2 SUB
       1 
       DO 
          DO 1 +
          UNTIL coprimes OVER POS NOT END
       UNTIL DUP2 GCD {1 1} == END
       'coprimes' STO+ DROP
    END
    coprimes TAIL REVLIST
≫ ≫ ‘TASK’ STO
Output:
1: {1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45}

Ruby

list = [1, 2]
available = (1..50).to_a - list

loop do
  i = available.index{|a| list.last(2).all?{|b| a.gcd(b) == 1}}
  break if i.nil?
  list << available.delete_at(i)
end

puts list.join(" ")
Output:
1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45

Sidef

func coprime_triplets(callback) {

    var (
        list = [1,2],
        a = 1,
        b = 2,
        k = 3,
        seen = Set()
    )

    loop {
        for (var n = k; true; ++n) {
            if (!seen.has(n) && is_coprime(n, a) && is_coprime(n, b)) {

                list << n
                seen << n

                callback(list) && return list

                (a, b) = (b, n)

                while (seen.has(k)) {
                    seen.remove(k++)
                }

                break
            }
        }
    }
}

say "Coprime triplets before first term is > 50:"
coprime_triplets({|list|
    list.tail >= 50
}).first(-1).slices(10).each { .«%« '%4d' -> join(' ').say }

say "\nLeast Coprime triplets that encompass 1 through 50:"
coprime_triplets({|list|
    list.sort.first(50) == @(1..50)
}).slices(10).each { .«%« '%4d' -> join(' ').say }

say "\n1001st through 1050th Coprime triplet:"
coprime_triplets({|list|
    list.len == 1050
}).last(50).slices(10).each { .«%« '%4d' -> join(' ').say }
Output:
Coprime triplets before first term is > 50:
   1    2    3    5    4    7    9    8   11   13
   6   17   19   10   21   23   16   15   29   14
  25   27   22   31   35   12   37   41   18   43
  47   20   33   49   26   45

Least Coprime triplets that encompass 1 through 50:
   1    2    3    5    4    7    9    8   11   13
   6   17   19   10   21   23   16   15   29   14
  25   27   22   31   35   12   37   41   18   43
  47   20   33   49   26   45   53   28   39   55
  32   51   59   38   61   63   34   65   57   44
  67   69   40   71   73   24   77   79   30   83
  89   36   85   91   46   75   97   52   81   95
  56   87  101   50   93  103   58   99  107   62
 105  109   64  111  113   68  115  117   74  119
 121   48  125  127   42

1001st through 1050th Coprime triplet:
 682 1293 1361  680 1287 1363  686 1299 1367  688
1305 1369  692 1311 1373  694 1317 1375  698 1323
1381  704 1329 1379  706 1335 1387  716 1341 1385
 712 1347 1391  700 1353 1399  710 1359 1393  718
1371 1397  722 1365 1403  724 1377 1405  728 1383

Wren

Translation of: Phix
Library: Wren-math
Library: Wren-fmt
import "./math" for Int
import "./fmt" for Fmt

var limit = 50
var cpt = [1, 2]

while (true) {
    var m = 1
    while (cpt.contains(m) || Int.gcd(m, cpt[-1]) != 1 || Int.gcd(m, cpt[-2]) != 1) {
        m = m + 1
    }
    if (m >= limit) break
    cpt.add(m)
}
System.print("Coprime triplets under %(limit):")
Fmt.tprint("$2d", cpt, 10)
System.print("\nFound %(cpt.count) such numbers.")
Output:
Coprime triplets under 50:
 1  2  3  5  4  7  9  8 11 13
 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14
25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43
47 20 33 49 26 45

Found 36 such numbers.

XPL0

func GCD(N, D); \Return the greatest common divisor of N and D
int  N, D, R;   \numerator and denominator
[if D > N then
    [R:= D;  D:= N;  N:= R];    \swap D and N
while D > 0 do
    [R:= rem(N/D);
    N:= D;
    D:= R;
    ];
return N;
];      \GCD

int A(50), N, I, J;

func Used;      \Return 'true' if N is in array A
[for J:= 0 to I-1 do
    if A(J) = N then return true;
return false;
];

[A(0):= 1;  A(1):= 2;
Text(0, "1 2 ");
I:= 2;
for N:= 3 to 50-1 do
    if not Used and
        GCD(A(I-2), N) = 1 and
        GCD(A(I-1), N) = 1 then \coprime
            [A(I):= N;  I:= I+1;
            IntOut(0, N);  ChOut(0, ^ );
            N:= 3;
            ];
]
Output:
1 2 3 5 4 7 9 8 11 13 6 17 19 10 21 23 16 15 29 14 25 27 22 31 35 12 37 41 18 43 47 20 33 49 26 45