Hello world/Web server: Difference between revisions
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trap("INT") {server.shutdown} |
trap("INT") {server.shutdown} |
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server.start</lang> |
server.start</lang> |
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Same code without <code>trap</code>, in a single statement using <code>tap</code>. |
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<lang Ruby>require 'webrick' |
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WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 80).tap {|srv| |
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srv.mount_proc('/') {|request, response| response.body = "Goodbye, World!"} |
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}.start</lang> |
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Using the [http://www.sinatrarb.com/ sinatra] gem: |
Using the [http://www.sinatrarb.com/ sinatra] gem: |
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<lang ruby>require 'sinatra' |
<lang ruby>require 'sinatra' |
Revision as of 14:13, 27 August 2016
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
The browser is the new GUI !
The task is to serve our standard text "Goodbye, World!" to http://localhost:8080/ so that it can be viewed with a web browser.
The provided solution must start or implement a server that accepts multiple client connections and serves text as requested.
Note that starting a web browser or opening a new window with this URL
is not part of the task.
Additionally, it is permissible to serve the provided page as a plain text file (there is no requirement to serve properly formatted HTML here).
The browser will generally do the right thing with simple text like this.
Ada
Uses many defaults, such as 5 max simultaneous connections. <lang ada> with AWS; use AWS; with AWS.Response; with AWS.Server; with AWS.Status; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure HelloHTTP is
function CB (Request : Status.Data) return Response.Data is pragma Unreferenced (Request); begin return Response.Build ("text/html", "Hello world!"); end CB; TheServer : Server.HTTP; ch : Character;
begin
Server.Start (TheServer, "Rosettacode", Callback => CB'Unrestricted_Access, Port => 8080); Put_Line ("Press any key to quit."); Get_Immediate (ch); Server.Shutdown (TheServer);
end HelloHTTP; </lang>
AntLang
In plain AntLang: <lang AntLang>serv: httprun[8080; {"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\nGoodbye, World!"}]</lang>
Using ALC: <lang AntLang>load["handlers.ant"] serv: httprun[8080; {httpwrap["Goodbye, World!"]}]</lang>
To close the server: <lang AntLang>kill[serv]</lang>
AutoIt
<lang AutoIt> TCPStartup() $socket = TCPListen("0.0.0.0",8080) $string = "Goodbye, World!" While 1
Do
$newConnection = TCPAccept($socket) Sleep(1)
Until $newConnection <> -1 $content = TCPRecv($newConnection, 2048) If StringLen($content) > 0 Then
TCPSend($newConnection, Binary("HTTP/1.1 200 OK" & @CRLF)) TCPSend($newConnection, Binary("Content-Type: text/html" & @CRLF)) TCPSend($newConnection, Binary("Content-Length: "& BinaryLen($string) & @CRLF & @CRLF)) TCPSend($newConnection, $string)
EndIf TCPCloseSocket($newConnection)
WEnd </lang>
AWK
With GNU AWK (gawk) a simple web server can be implemented.
The example is taken from
[1]
(Documentation is licensed under GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3)
<lang AWK>#!/usr/bin/gawk -f
BEGIN { RS = ORS = "\r\n" HttpService = "/inet/tcp/8080/0/0" Hello = "<HTML><HEAD>" \ "<TITLE>A Famous Greeting</TITLE></HEAD>" \
"<BODY>
Hello, world
</BODY></HTML>"
Len = length(Hello) + length(ORS) print "HTTP/1.0 200 OK" |& HttpService print "Content-Length: " Len ORS |& HttpService print Hello |& HttpService while ((HttpService |& getline) > 0) continue; close(HttpService) }</lang>
BBC BASIC
This explicitly supports multiple concurrent connections. <lang bbcbasic> INSTALL @lib$+"SOCKLIB"
PROC_initsockets maxSess% = 8 DIM sock%(maxSess%-1), rcvd$(maxSess%-1), Buffer% 255 ON ERROR PRINT REPORT$ : PROC_exitsockets : END ON CLOSE PROC_exitsockets : QUIT port$ = "8080" host$ = FN_gethostname PRINT "Host name is " host$ listen% = FN_tcplisten(host$, port$) PRINT "Listening on port ";port$ REPEAT socket% = FN_check_connection(listen%) IF socket% THEN FOR i% = 0 TO maxSess%-1 IF sock%(i%) = 0 THEN sock%(i%) = socket% rcvd$(i%) = "" PRINT "Connection on socket "; sock%(i%) " opened" EXIT FOR ENDIF NEXT i% listen% = FN_tcplisten(host$, port$) ENDIF FOR i% = 0 TO maxSess%-1 IF sock%(i%) THEN res% = FN_readsocket(sock%(i%), Buffer%, 256) IF res% >= 0 THEN Buffer%?res% = 0 rcvd$(i%) += $$Buffer% IF LEFT$(rcvd$(i%),4) = "GET " AND ( \ \ RIGHT$(rcvd$(i%),4) = CHR$13+CHR$10+CHR$13+CHR$10 OR \ \ RIGHT$(rcvd$(i%),4) = CHR$10+CHR$13+CHR$10+CHR$13 OR \ \ RIGHT$(rcvd$(i%),2) = CHR$10+CHR$10 ) THEN rcvd$(i%) = "" IF FN_writelinesocket(sock%(i%), "HTTP/1.0 200 OK") IF FN_writelinesocket(sock%(i%), "Content-type: text/html") IF FN_writelinesocket(sock%(i%), "") IF FN_writelinesocket(sock%(i%), "<html><head><title>Hello World!</title></head>")
IF FN_writelinesocket(sock%(i%), "<body>
Hello World!
")
IF FN_writelinesocket(sock%(i%), "</body></html>") PROC_closesocket(sock%(i%)) PRINT "Connection on socket " ; sock%(i%) " closed (local)" sock%(i%) = 0 ENDIF ELSE PROC_closesocket(sock%(i%)) PRINT "Connection on socket " ; sock%(i%) " closed (remote)" sock%(i%) = 0 ENDIF ENDIF NEXT i% WAIT 0 UNTIL FALSE END</lang>
C
This is, um, slightly longer than what other languages would be. <lang C>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <unistd.h>
- include <sys/types.h>
- include <sys/socket.h>
- include <netinet/in.h>
- include <netdb.h>
- include <arpa/inet.h>
- include <err.h>
char response[] = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Bye-bye baby bye-bye</title>" "<style>body { background-color: #111 }" "h1 { font-size:4cm; text-align: center; color: black;" " text-shadow: 0 0 2mm red}</style></head>"
"<body>
Goodbye, world!
</body></html>\r\n";
int main() {
int one = 1, client_fd; struct sockaddr_in svr_addr, cli_addr; socklen_t sin_len = sizeof(cli_addr);
int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (sock < 0) err(1, "can't open socket");
setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &one, sizeof(int));
int port = 8080; svr_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; svr_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; svr_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &svr_addr, sizeof(svr_addr)) == -1) { close(sock); err(1, "Can't bind"); }
listen(sock, 5); while (1) { client_fd = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, &sin_len); printf("got connection\n");
if (client_fd == -1) { perror("Can't accept"); continue; }
write(client_fd, response, sizeof(response) - 1); /*-1:'\0'*/ close(client_fd); }
}</lang>
C++
C version compiles as C++ (known for G++ on Linux)
C#
<lang CSharp>using System.Text; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Net;
namespace WebServer {
class GoodByeWorld { static void Main(string[] args) { const string msg = "<html>\n<body>\nGoodbye, world!\n</body>\n</html>\n"; const int port = 8080; bool serverRunning = true;
TcpListener tcpListener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, port); tcpListener.Start();
while (serverRunning) { Socket socketConnection = tcpListener.AcceptSocket(); byte[] bMsg = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(msg.ToCharArray(), 0, (int)msg.Length); socketConnection.Send(bMsg); socketConnection.Disconnect(true); } } }
}</lang>
<lang CSharp>namespace Webserver
{
using System; using Nancy; using Nancy.Hosting.Self;
public class HelloWorldModule : NancyModule { public HelloWorldModule() { this.Get["/"] = parameters => "Goodbye, world!"; }
public static void Main() { var uri = new Uri("http://localhost:8080"); using (var host = new NancyHost(uri)) { host.Start(); Console.WriteLine("Web server is now running!"); Console.WriteLine("Press 'Enter' to exit."); Console.ReadLine(); } } }
}</lang>
Clojure
Taken from: Compojure's Getting Started doc.
> lein new compojure goodbye-world
File: src/goodbye_world/handler.clj <lang clojure>(ns goodbye-world.handler
(:require [compojure.core :refer :all] [compojure.handler :as handler] [compojure.route :as route]))
(defroutes app-routes
(GET "/" [] "Goodbye, World!") (route/resources "/") (route/not-found "Not Found"))
(def app
(handler/site app-routes))</lang>
To start up the server on port 8080, run the following from the project's root:
> lein ring server-headless 8080
Common Lisp
Here's the example with a pre-built server:
<lang lisp>(ql:quickload :hunchentoot) (defpackage :hello-web (:use :cl :hunchentoot)) (in-package :hello-web)
(define-easy-handler (hello :uri "/") () "Goodbye, World!")
(defparameter *server* (hunchentoot:start (make-instance 'hunchentoot:easy-acceptor :port 8080)))</lang>
Here's an example of doing everything manually
<lang lisp>(ql:quickload :usocket) (defpackage :hello-web-manual (:use :cl :usocket)) (in-package :hello-web-manual)
(defun crlf (&optional (stream *standard-output*))
(write-char #\return stream) (write-char #\linefeed stream) (values))
(defun ln (string &optional (stream *standard-output*))
(write-string string stream) (crlf stream))
(defun read-all (stream)
(loop for char = (read-char-no-hang stream nil :eof) until (or (null char) (eq char :eof)) collect char into msg finally (return (values msg char))))
(defun serve (port &optional (log-stream *standard-output*))
(let ((connections (list (socket-listen "127.0.0.1" port :reuse-address t)))) (unwind-protect
(loop (loop for ready in (wait-for-input connections :ready-only t) do (if (typep ready 'stream-server-usocket) (push (socket-accept ready) connections) (let* ((stream (socket-stream ready))) (read-all stream) (format log-stream "Got message...~%") (mapc (lambda (line) (ln line stream)) (list "HTTP/1.1 200 OK" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" "" "Hello world!")) (socket-close ready) (setf connections (remove ready connections))))))
(loop for c in connections do (loop while (socket-close c))))))
(serve 8080)</lang>
D
Using sockets only, also shows use of heredoc syntax, std.array.replace, and casting to bool to satisfy the while conditional.
<lang D> import std.socket, std.array;
ushort port = 8080;
void main() {
Socket listener = new TcpSocket; listener.bind(new InternetAddress(port)); listener.listen(10);
Socket currSock;
while(cast(bool)(currSock = listener.accept())) { currSock.sendTo(replace(q"EOF
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<html>
<head><title>Hello, world!</title></head> <body>Hello, world!</body>
</html> EOF", "\n", "\r\n"));
currSock.close(); }
} </lang>
Dart
<lang d>import 'dart:io';
void main(){
HttpServer.bind('localhost', 8080) .then((HttpServer server) => server.listen((HttpRequest request) => request..response.write('Hello, world') ..response.close()));
}</lang>
Delphi
<lang Delphi>program HelloWorldWebServer;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses SysUtils, IdContext, IdCustomHTTPServer, IdHTTPServer;
type
TWebServer = class private FHTTPServer: TIdHTTPServer; public constructor Create; destructor Destroy; override; procedure HTTPServerCommandGet(AContext: TIdContext; ARequestInfo: TIdHTTPRequestInfo; AResponseInfo: TIdHTTPResponseInfo); end;
constructor TWebServer.Create; begin
FHTTPServer := TIdHTTPServer.Create(nil); FHTTPServer.DefaultPort := 8080; FHTTPServer.OnCommandGet := HTTPServerCommandGet; FHTTPServer.Active := True;
end;
destructor TWebServer.Destroy; begin
FHTTPServer.Active := False; FHTTPServer.Free; inherited Destroy;
end;
procedure TWebServer.HTTPServerCommandGet(AContext: TIdContext;
ARequestInfo: TIdHTTPRequestInfo; AResponseInfo: TIdHTTPResponseInfo);
begin
AResponseInfo.ContentText := 'Goodbye, World!';
end;
var
lWebServer: TWebServer;
begin
lWebServer := TWebServer.Create; try Writeln('Delphi Hello world/Web server '); Writeln('Press Enter to quit'); Readln; finally lWebServer.Free; end;
end.</lang>
Dylan.NET
<lang Dylan.NET> //compile with dylan.NET 11.5.1.2 or later!!
- refstdasm "mscorlib.dll"
- refstdasm "System.dll"
import System.Text import System.Net.Sockets import System.Net
assembly helloweb exe ver 1.1.0.0
namespace WebServer
class public GoodByeWorld method public static void main(var args as string[]) var msg as string = c"<html>\n<body>\nGoodbye, world!\n</body>\n</html>\n" var port as integer = 8080 var serverRunning as boolean = true
var tcpListener as TcpListener = new TcpListener(IPAddress::Any, port) tcpListener::Start()
do while serverRunning var socketConnection as Socket = tcpListener::AcceptSocket() var bMsg as byte[] = Encoding::get_ASCII()::GetBytes(msg::ToCharArray(), 0, msg::get_Length()) socketConnection::Send(bMsg) socketConnection::Disconnect(true) end do end method
end class
end namespace </lang>
Erlang
Using builtin HTTP server with call back to do/1. It only lasts 30 seconds (30000 milliseconds), then it is stopped. I fail to see how a longer time will serve any purpose.
<lang Erlang> -module( hello_world_web_server ).
-export( [do/1, httpd_start/2, httpd_stop/1, task/0] ).
do( _Data ) ->
{proceed, [{response,{200,"Goodbye, World!"}}]}.
httpd_start( Port, Module ) ->
Arguments = [{bind_address, "localhost"}, {port, Port}, {ipfamily, inet}, {modules, [Module]}, {server_name,erlang:atom_to_list(Module)}, {server_root,"."}, {document_root,"."}], {ok, Pid} = inets:start( httpd, Arguments, stand_alone ), Pid.
httpd_stop( Pid ) ->
inets:stop( stand_alone, Pid ).
task() ->
Pid = httpd_start( 8080, ?MODULE ), timer:sleep( 30000 ), httpd_stop( Pid ).
</lang>
Fantom
<lang fantom>using web using wisp
const class HelloMod : WebMod // provides the content {
override Void onGet () { res.headers["Content-Type"] = "text/plain; charset=utf-8" res.out.print ("Goodbye, World!") }
}
class HelloWeb {
Void main () { WispService // creates the web service { port = 8080 root = HelloMod() }.start
while (true) {} // stay running }
}</lang>
Fortran
There is no network library in fortran. Use C interoperability and some C compatible library or just start node.js simple web server: <lang fortran> program http_example
implicit none character (len=:), allocatable :: code character (len=:), allocatable :: command logical :: waitForProcess
! Execute a Node.js code code = "const http = require('http'); http.createServer((req, res) => & {res.end('Hello World from a Node.js server started from Fortran!')}).listen(8080);"
command = 'node -e "' // code // '"' call execute_command_line (command, wait=waitForProcess)
end program http_example </lang>
FunL
<lang funl>native java.io.PrintWriter native java.net.ServerSocket
val port = 8080 val listener = ServerSocket( port )
printf( 'Listening at port %1$d\n', port )
forever
socket = listener.accept() PrintWriter( socket.getOutputStream(), true ).println( 'hello world' ) socket.shutdownOutput() socket.close()</lang>
Go
<lang go>package main
import (
"fmt" "log" "net/http"
)
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) { fmt.Fprintln(w, "Goodbye, World!") }) log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
} </lang>
Haskell
Lightweightly concurrent "hello world" web server using the conduit stack:
<lang haskell>{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Data.ByteString.Char8 () import Data.Conduit ( ($$), yield ) import Data.Conduit.Network ( ServerSettings(..), runTCPServer )
main :: IO () main = runTCPServer (ServerSettings 8080 "127.0.0.1") $ const (yield response $$)
where response = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\nContent-Length: 16\n\nGoodbye, World!\n"</lang>
Or using only "standard" features (base, bytestring and network from the Haskell Platform):
<lang haskell>{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Data.ByteString.Char8 () import Network hiding ( accept ) import Network.Socket ( accept ) import Network.Socket.ByteString ( sendAll ) import Control.Monad ( forever ) import Control.Exception ( bracket, finally ) import Control.Concurrent ( forkIO )
main :: IO () main = bracket (listenOn $ PortNumber 8080) sClose loop where
loop s = forever $ forkIO . request . fst =<< accept s request c = sendAll c response `finally` sClose c response = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\nContent-Length: 16\n\nGoodbye, World!\n"</lang>
Both works like this:
$ curl http://localhost:8080/ Goodbye, World! # httperf --port=8080 --num-conns=10000 Request rate: 4549.5 req/s (0.2 ms/req) # httperf --port=8080 --num-conns=10000 --num-calls=2 Request rate: 8202.5 req/s (0.1 ms/req) Errors: total 10000 client-timo 0 socket-timo 0 connrefused 0 connreset 10000
Or using warp (warp warp example about warp):
<lang haskell>{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Network.Wai import Network.Wai.Handler.Warp import Network.HTTP.Types (status200) import Blaze.ByteString.Builder (copyByteString) import qualified Data.ByteString.UTF8 as BU import Data.Monoid
main = do
let port = 8080 putStrLn $ "Listening on port " ++ show port run port app
app req respond = respond $
case pathInfo req of x -> index x
index x = responseBuilder status200 [("Content-Type", "text/plain")] $ mconcat $ map copyByteString
[ "Hello World!\n" ]</lang>
Work like this:
$ curl http://localhost:8080/ Hello World! #httperf --server localhost --port 8080 --num-conns 10000 --num-calls 100 Request rate: 43565.8 req/s (0.0 ms/req) #httperf --server localhost --port 8080 --num-conns 100000 --num-calls 200 Request rate: 43902.9 req/s (0.0 ms/req)
without any errors
Comparing to nginx:
# httperf --num-conns=10000 Request rate: 3613.2 req/s (0.3 ms/req) # httperf --num-conns=10000 --num-calls=10 Request rate: 9952.6 req/s (0.1 ms/req) # httperf --num-conns=10000 --num-calls=100 Request rate: 12341.0 req/s (0.1 ms/req)
which serve without any errors.
Io
<lang io> WebRequest := Object clone do(
handleSocket := method(aSocket, aSocket streamWrite("Goodbye, World!") aSocket close )
)
WebServer := Server clone do(
setPort(8080) handleSocket := method(aSocket, WebRequest clone asyncSend(handleSocket(aSocket)) )
)
WebServer start </lang>
J
If the desire is to use the browser as a gui, the easiest thing to do would be to download j7, edit the jhs script to start on port 8080, start jhs, visit http://127.0.0.1:8080/jijx then enter the text: <lang j>'Goodbye, World!'</lang> This will compute the desired result and display it (actually, it will be displayed twice since the original string will also be displayed). This would be even simpler if you could just use the default jhs port (65001)... Alternatively, a jhs form could be used (but this would not have the exact url structure specified).
However, if the desire is to implement the task exactly, any of approaches at j:JWebServer might be used.
For example, here is a web server which ignores the client's request and always returns Goodbye, World: <lang j>hello=: verb define
8080 hello y NB. try to use port 8080 by default
port=: x require 'socket' coinsert 'jsocket' sdclose ; sdcheck sdgetsockets server=: {. ; sdcheck sdsocket sdcheck sdbind server; AF_INET; ; port sdcheck sdlisten server, 1 while. 1 do. while. server e. ready=: >{. sdcheck sdselect (sdcheck sdgetsockets ),;;<1e3 do. sdcheck sdaccept server end. for_socket. ready do. request=: ; sdcheck sdrecv socket, 65536 0 sdcheck (socket responseFor request) sdsend socket, 0 sdcheck sdclose socket end. end.
)
responseFor=: dyad define
'HTTP/1.0 200 OK',CRLF,'Content-Type: text/plain',CRLF,CRLF,'Goodbye, World!',CRLF
)</lang> To deploy this server, once it has been defined, run <lang j>hello</lang> This version works because reasonable http requests fit in a single tcp packet. (And note that the server waits for one tcp packet before responding.) If parsing of the request is desired, one of the more complicated implementations at j:JWebServer should be used instead (but that's not really relevant for this task, except perhaps to require complete headers before responding, with broken browsers which send multiple tcp packets for the request).
Java
Multiple requests will be served in the order that they reach the server,
with a queue size limit of 50 waiting requests imposed by default in the ServerSocket
class (may be changed by adding a second positive integer argument to the ServerSocket
constructor).
<lang java>import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class HelloWorld{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{ ServerSocket listener = new ServerSocket(8080); while(true){ Socket sock = listener.accept(); new PrintWriter(sock.getOutputStream(), true). println("Goodbye, World!"); sock.close(); } }
}</lang>
JavaScript
<lang javascript>var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}); res.end('Goodbye, World!\n');
}).listen(8080, '127.0.0.1');</lang>
It scales:
$ curl http://localhost:8080/ Goodbye, World! # httperf --port=8080 --num-conns=10000 Request rate: 1813.1 req/s (0.6 ms/req) # httperf --port=8080 --num-conns=10000 --num-calls=10 Request rate: 4869.1 req/s (0.2 ms/req) # httperf --port=8080 --num-conns=10000 --num-calls=100 Request rate: 5689.0 req/s (0.2 ms/req)
with no errors.
Lasso
While Lasso has a built-in webserver you can use, here's how you can create a basic multi-threaded webserver of your own to complete this request: <lang lasso>local(server) = net_tcp handle => { #server->close }
- server->bind(8080) & listen & forEachAccept => {
local(con) = #1
split_thread => { handle => { #con->close } local(request) = // Read in the request in chunks until you have it all { #request->append(#con->readSomeBytes(8096)) not #request->contains('\r\n\r\n')? currentCapture->restart }()
local(response) = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n\ Goodbye, World!' #con->writeBytes(bytes(#response)) }
}</lang>
Liberty BASIC
This is difficult, although possible, in Liberty BASIC, but it's close relative Run BASIC is designed for serving webpages easily. The task becomes simply .. <lang lb>print "hello world!" </lang>
Modula-2
This is a CGI executable: <lang> MODULE access;
FROM InOut IMPORT WriteString, WriteLn;
BEGIN
WriteString ("Content-Type : text/plain"); WriteLn; WriteLn; WriteString ("Hello web wide world."); WriteLn
END access. </lang>
NetRexx
<lang NetRexx>/* NetRexx */ options replace format comments java crossref symbols binary
class RHelloWorldWebServer public
properties public constant isTrue = boolean (1 == 1) isFalse = boolean (1 \== 1) greeting1 = "Goodbye, World!" greeting2 = - || 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n' - || 'Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n' - || '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n' - || '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">\r\n' - || '<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">\r\n' - || '<header>\r\n' - || '<title>Hello</title>\r\n' - || '<style type="text/css">body {font-family: sans-serif;}</style>\r\n' - || '</header>\r\n' - || '<body>\r\n' -
|| '
' || greeting1 || '
\r\n' -
|| '</body>\r\n' - || '</html>\r\n' - ||
properties static inheritable terminate = isFalse -- TODO: provide a less draconian means to terminate the listener loop
method main(args = String[]) public static signals IOException listener = ServerSocket(8080) loop label listener forever if terminate then leave listener sock = listener.accept() PrintWriter(sock.getOutputStream(), isTrue).println(greeting2) sock.close() end listener return
</lang>
Nim
<lang nim>import asynchttpserver, asyncdispatch
proc cb(req: Request) {.async.} =
await req.respond(Http200, "Hello, World!")
asyncCheck newAsyncHttpServer().serve(Port(8080), cb) runForever() </lang>
Objeck
<lang objeck> use Net; use Concurrency;
bundle Default {
class GoodByeWorld { function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { server := TCPSocketServer->New(8080); if(server->Listen(5)) { while(true) { client := server->Accept(); client->WriteString("<html>\n<body>\nGoodbye, world!\n</body>\n</html>\n"); client->Close(); }; }; server->Close(); } }
} </lang>
OCaml
This code is derived from this ocaml-unix documentation. <lang ocaml>let try_finalise f x finally y =
let res = try f x with e -> finally y; raise e in finally y; res
let rec restart_on_EINTR f x =
try f x with Unix.Unix_error (Unix.EINTR, _, _) -> restart_on_EINTR f x
let double_fork_treatment server service (client_descr, _ as client) =
let treat () = match Unix.fork () with | 0 -> if Unix.fork () <> 0 then exit 0; Unix.close server; service client; exit 0 | k -> ignore (restart_on_EINTR (Unix.waitpid []) k) in try_finalise treat () Unix.close client_descr
let install_tcp_server_socket addr =
let s = Unix.socket Unix.PF_INET Unix.SOCK_STREAM 0 in try Unix.bind s addr; Unix.listen s 10; s with e -> Unix.close s; raise e
let tcp_server treat_connection addr =
ignore (Sys.signal Sys.sigpipe Sys.Signal_ignore); let server_sock = install_tcp_server_socket addr in while true do let client = restart_on_EINTR Unix.accept server_sock in treat_connection server_sock client done
let server () =
let port = 8080 in let host = (Unix.gethostbyname (Unix.gethostname())).Unix.h_addr_list.(0) in let addr = Unix.ADDR_INET (host, port) in let treat sock (client_sock, client_addr as client) = let service (s, _) = let response = "\ HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n\ <html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title>\ <style>body { background-color: #0FF }\ h1 { font-size:3em; color: black; }</style></head>\
<body>
Goodbye, world!
</body></html>\r\n"
in Unix.write s response 0 (String.length response); in double_fork_treatment sock service client in tcp_server treat addr
let _ =
Unix.handle_unix_error server ()</lang>
Opa
From Opa documentation: <lang ocaml>server = one_page_server("Hello", -> <>Goodbye, world</>)</lang> Compile and run: <lang bash>opa file.opa --</lang>
Panda
Using the command line client. Listen to port 8080. For each request a request object is returned, we ignore this and just use it to send message which will be the response.
<lang panda>8080.port.listen.say("Hello world!")</lang>
Perl
<lang Perl>use Socket;
my $port = 8080; my $protocol = getprotobyname( "tcp" );
socket( SOCK, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $protocol ) or die "couldn't open a socket: $!";
# PF_INET to indicate that this socket will connect to the internet domain # SOCK_STREAM indicates a TCP stream, SOCK_DGRAM would indicate UDP communication
setsockopt( SOCK, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1 ) or die "couldn't set socket options: $!";
# SOL_SOCKET to indicate that we are setting an option on the socket instead of the protocol # mark the socket reusable
bind( SOCK, sockaddr_in($port, INADDR_ANY) ) or die "couldn't bind socket to port $port: $!";
# bind our socket to $port, allowing any IP to connect
listen( SOCK, SOMAXCONN ) or die "couldn't listen to port $port: $!";
# start listening for incoming connections
while( accept(CLIENT, SOCK) ){
print CLIENT "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" . "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" . "<html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title></head><body>Goodbye, world!</body></html>\r\n"; close CLIENT;
}</lang> Various modules exist for using sockets, including the popular IO::Socket which provides a simpler and more friendly OO interface for the socket layer. Here is the solution using this module:
<lang Perl>use IO::Socket::INET;
my $sock = new IO::Socket::INET ( LocalAddr => "127.0.0.1:8080",
Listen => 1, Reuse => 1, ) or die "Could not create socket: $!";
while( my $client = $sock->accept() ){
print $client "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" . "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" . "<html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title></head><body>Goodbye, world!</body></html>\r\n"; close $client;
}</lang>
Using Perl's glue power, provide a suicide note with visitor counter via netcat: <lang Perl>while (++(our $vn)) {
open NC, "|-", qw(nc -l -p 8080 -q 1); print NC "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\xd\xa", "Content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\xd\xa\xd\xa", "Goodbye, World! (hello, visitor No. $vn!)\xd\xa";
}</lang>
Here's another solution using Plack (may be found on CPAN): <lang Perl>use Plack::Runner; my $app = sub {
return [ 200, [ 'Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' ], [ '<html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title></head><body>Goodbye, world!</body></html>' ] ]
}; my $runner = Plack::Runner->new; $runner->parse_options('--host' => 'localhost', '--port' => 8080); $runner->run($app);</lang>
When using plackup, then this may be compressed to one line: <lang perl>my $app = sub { return [ 200, [ 'Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' ], [ '<html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title></head><body>Goodbye, world!</body></html>' ] ] };</lang> Use <lang Shell>plackup --host localhost --port 8080 script.psgi</lang> to start the webserver.
Perl 6
<lang perl6>my $sock = IO::Socket::INET.new(:localhost('0.0.0.0'), :localport(8080), :listen); say "Goodbye Web Server listening on $sock.localhost():$sock.localport()"; while $sock.accept -> $client {
$client.send: "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\nGoodbye, World!\r\n"; $client.close;
}</lang>
PicoLisp
Contents of the file "goodbye.l": <lang PicoLisp>(html 0 "Bye" NIL NIL
"Goodbye, World!" )</lang>
Start server:
$ pil @lib/http.l @lib/xhtml.l -'server 8080 "goodbye.l"' -wait
Prolog
<lang Prolog>% The following modules are used in the main module to start a server.
- - use_module(library(http/thread_httpd)).
- - use_module(library(http/http_dispatch)).
% The following module is used in every module that describes a page.
- - use_module(library(http/html_write)).
% Main entry point: starts the server on port 8080. server :- http_server(http_dispatch, [port(8080)]).
% Defines the handler for the root URI /.
- - http_handler('/', say_goodbye, []).
% Defines the actual page content. % In this case we're returning a page with the title "Howdy" and the content,
% wrapped in
tags, "Goodbye, World!".
say_goodbye(_Request) :- reply_html_page([title('Howdy')],
[h1('Goodbye, World!')]).</lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>If InitNetwork() = 0
MessageRequester("Error", "Can't initialize the network !") End
EndIf
Port = 8080
If CreateNetworkServer(0, Port)
Repeat Delay(1) SEvent = NetworkServerEvent() If SEvent ClientID = EventClient() Select SEvent Case #PB_NetworkEvent_Data SendNetworkData(ClientID,@"Goodbye, World!",Len("Goodbye, World!")) CloseNetworkConnection(ClientID) EndSelect EndIf ForEver
Else
MessageRequester("Error", "Can't create the server (port in use ?).")
EndIf</lang>
PHP
<lang PHP><?php
// AF_INET6 for IPv6 // IP
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0) or die('Failed to create socket!');
// '127.0.0.1' to limit only to localhost // Port
socket_bind($socket, 0, 8080); socket_listen($socket);
$msg = '<html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title></head><body>Goodbye, world!</body></html>';
for (;;) {
// @ is used to stop PHP from spamming with error messages if there is no connection if ($client = @socket_accept($socket)) { socket_write($client, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" . "Content-length: " . strlen($msg) . "\r\n" . "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" . $msg); } else usleep(100000); // limits CPU usage by sleeping after doing every request
} ?></lang>
Python
<lang Python>from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
def app(environ, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
yield b"
Goodbye, World!
"
server = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8080, app) server.serve_forever()</lang>
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket
(require web-server/servlet web-server/servlet-env) (define (start req) (response/xexpr "Goodbye, World!")) (serve/servlet start #:port 8080 #:servlet-path "/") </lang>
REALbasic
<lang vb> Class HTTPSock Inherits TCPSocket
Event Sub DataAvailable() Dim headers As New InternetHeaders headers.AppendHeader("Content-Length", Str(LenB("Goodbye, World!"))) headers.AppendHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain") headers.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "identity") headers.AppendHeader("Connection", "close") Dim data As String = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK" + EndOfLine.Windows + headers.Source + EndOfLine.Windows + EndOfLine.Windows + "Goodbye, World!" Me.Write(data) Me.Close End Sub
End Class
Class HTTPServ Inherits ServerSocket
Event Sub AddSocket() As TCPSocket Return New HTTPSock End Sub
End Class
Class App Inherits Application
Event Sub Run(Args() As String) Dim sock As New HTTPServ sock.Port = 8080 sock.Listen() While True App.DoEvents Wend End Sub
End Class </lang>
Ring
<lang ring> Load "guilib.ring"
cResponse = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n" + "<html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title></head>" + "<body>Goodbye, world!</body></html>"
cResponse = substr(cResponse,"\r\n",char(13)+char(10))
new qApp { oServer = new Server { Server() } exec() }
Class Server
win1 lineedit1 oTcpServer oTcpClient cOutput = ""
func server
win1 = new qwidget()
lineedit1 = new qtextedit(win1) { setGeometry(150,50,200,300) }
win1 { setwindowtitle("Server") setgeometry(450,100,400,400) show() }
oTcpServer = new qTcpServer(win1) { setNewConnectionEvent("oServer.pNewConnection()") oHostAddress = new qHostAddress() oHostAddress.SetAddress("127.0.0.1") listen(oHostAddress,8080) } cOutput = "Server Started" + nl + "listen to port 8080" + nl
lineedit1.settext(cOutput)
Func pNewConnection
oTcpClient = oTcpServer.nextPendingConnection() while not oTcpClient.waitForReadyRead(100) end cOutput += "Accept Connection" + nl lineedit1.settext(cOutput) oTcpClient { write(cResponse,len(cResponse)) flush() waitforbyteswritten(300000) close() }
</lang>
Ruby
Using the WEBrick module from Ruby's standard library. <lang ruby>require 'webrick' server = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 8080) server.mount_proc('/') {|request, response| response.body = "Goodbye, World!"} trap("INT") {server.shutdown} server.start</lang>
Same code without trap
, in a single statement using tap
.
<lang Ruby>require 'webrick'
WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 80).tap {|srv|
srv.mount_proc('/') {|request, response| response.body = "Goodbye, World!"}
}.start</lang>
Using the sinatra gem: <lang ruby>require 'sinatra' get("/") { "Goodbye, World!" }</lang>
Run BASIC
<lang runbasic>html "Hello World!"</lang>
Rust
Basically no error handling. This web server will simply panic if there is any sort of error. <lang rust>use std::net::{Shutdown, TcpListener}; use std::thread; use std::io::Write;
const RESPONSE: &'static [u8] = b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r <!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Bye-bye baby bye-bye</title> <style>body { background-color: #111 } h1 { font-size:4cm; text-align: center; color: black; text-shadow: 0 0 2mm red}</style></head>
<body>
Goodbye, world!
</body></html>\r";
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:8080").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() { thread::spawn(move || { let mut stream = stream.unwrap(); match stream.write(RESPONSE) { Ok(_) => println!("Response sent!"), Err(e) => println!("Failed sending response: {}!", e), } stream.shutdown(Shutdown::Write).unwrap(); }); }
} </lang>
Scala
It shows that Scala can simply embed XML fragments.
<lang Scala>import java.io.PrintWriter import java.net.ServerSocket
object HelloWorld extends App {
val text = <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Hello world </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY LANG="en-US" BGCOLOR="#e6e6ff" DIR="LTR">
Goodbye, World!
</BODY> </HTML>
val port = 8080
val listener = new ServerSocket(port) printf("Listening at port %1$d", port)
while (true) { val sock = listener.accept() new PrintWriter(sock.getOutputStream(), true).println(text) sock.close() }
}</lang>
Salmon
<lang Salmon>use "http.salm" : "http.si";
/* Don't do any logging. */ procedure log(...) { };
simple_http_server(8080, procedure(header, connection)
{ respond_text(connection, "Goodbye, World!"); });</lang>
Seed7
The code below was inspired by the example code for the function openInetListener.
<lang Seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "listener.s7i";
const proc: main is func
local var listener: aListener is listener.value; var file: sock is STD_NULL; begin aListener := openInetListener(8080); listen(aListener, 10); while TRUE do sock := accept(aListener); write(sock, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ \Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\ \\r\n\ \<html><body>Hello, world!</body></html>\n"); close(sock); end while; end func;</lang>
Sidef
Using the low-level Socket object: <lang ruby>var port = 8080; var protocol = Socket.getprotobyname("tcp"); var sock = (Socket.open(Socket.PF_INET, Socket.SOCK_STREAM, protocol) || die "couldn't open a socket: #{$!}");
# PF_INET to indicate that this socket will connect to the internet domain # SOCK_STREAM indicates a TCP stream, SOCK_DGRAM would indicate UDP communication
sock.setsockopt(Socket.SOL_SOCKET, Socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) || die "couldn't set socket options: #{$!}";
# SOL_SOCKET to indicate that we are setting an option on the socket instead of the protocol # mark the socket reusable
sock.bind(Socket.sockaddr_in(port, Socket.INADDR_ANY)) || die "couldn't bind socket to port #{port}: #{$!}";
# bind our socket to $port, allowing any IP to connect
sock.listen(Socket.SOMAXCONN) || die "couldn't listen to port #{port}: #{$!}";
# start listening for incoming connections
while (var client = sock.accept) {
client.print ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" + "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" + "<html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title></head>" + "<body>Goodbye, world!</body></html>\r\n"); client.close;
}</lang>
A more friendly interface, using the IO::Socket::INET library: <lang ruby>var inet = require('IO::Socket::INET');
var sock = inet.new( LocalAddr => "127.0.0.1:8080",
Listen => 1, Reuse => 1, );
while (var client = sock.accept) {
client.print ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" + "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" + "<html><head><title>Goodbye, world!</title></head>" + "<body>Goodbye, world!</body></html>\r\n"); client.close;
}</lang>
Smalltalk
starting server: <lang smalltalk>Smalltalk loadPackage:'stx:goodies/webServer'. "usually already loaded" |myServer service|
myServer := HTTPServer startServerOnPort:8082. service := HTTPPluggableActionService new. service
register:[:request | self halt: 'debugging'.
request reply:'<HTML><BODY>
Hello World
</BODY></HTML>'
] as:'hello'.
service linkNames:#('/' ). service registerServiceOn: myServer. myServer start.</lang> Be aware that the above is an ad-hoc minimal scripting example. Normally, a service subclass is used and response handlers are defined as methods of it (not as action blocks). Also, services and HTML generation is usually done using a framework (at least DOM-based, but usually a higher level toolkit). Especially take a look at smalltalk frameworks like Aida, Seaside, VisualWave etc.
Pharo Smalltalk
Pharo ships with the Zinc HTTP Component frameworks that includes a ZnServer class. Here's the simplest solution to start a web server: <lang smalltalk> (ZnServer startDefaultOn: 1701)
onRequestRespond: [ :request | ZnResponse ok: (ZnEntity text: 'Hello World!') ].
</lang>
To stop the server, use the following: <lang smalltalk> ZnServer stopDefault. </lang>
Tcl
Tcl 8.x
This version is adapted from the Tcler's Wiki. <lang tcl>proc accept {chan addr port} {
while {[gets $chan] ne ""} {} puts $chan "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\nConnection: close\nContent-Type: text/plain\n" puts $chan "Goodbye, World!" close $chan
} socket -server accept 8080 vwait forever</lang>
Jim Tcl
Jim is a small footprint reimplementation of Tcl with modern features. <lang tcl>set s [socket stream.server 127.0.0.1:8080] $s readable {
set client [$s accept] $client puts "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\nConnection: close\nContent-Type: text/plain\n" $client puts "Hello, World!\n" $client close
} vwait done</lang>
UNIX Shell
<lang bash>while true; do { echo -e 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'; echo 'Hello, World!'; } | nc -l 8080; done</lang>
Wart
<lang python>with server_socket socket :port 4000
accepting client :from socket making stdout outfile+fd.client prn "HTTP/1.0 200 OK" prn "Content-type: text/plain" prn "" prn "Hello, world!"</lang>
zkl
A threaded web server that returns "Goodbye, World!" for every request <lang zkl>const PORT=8080; const SERVLET_THREADS=4;
// A class to process requests from clients (eg browsers) // in a thread. Requests are received via a pipe, which feeds // all Servlet threads.
class Servlet{
fcn init(jobPipe){ self.launch(jobPipe); } fcn liftoff(jobPipe){ while(1){ // read request, write response, repeat socket:=jobPipe.read(); if(socket.wait(60) != 1) // what is Chrome doing? { socket.close(); continue; } if (request:=socket.read())
try{ processRequest(request,socket); } catch{}
} } fcn splashdown(h,e){ println("Servlet died before its time"); }
}
fcn processRequest(request,socket){
response:=responseHeader(); response+="Goodbye, World!"; socket.write(response); socket.close(); // no Keep-Alive
}
fcn responseHeader(status=200,reason="OK"){
String( "HTTP/1.0 ",status," ",reason,"\r\n", Time.Date.httpDate(),"\r\n" "Server: ZTWS (zkl)\r\n" "Connection: close\r\n" "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n" "\r\n")
}
//////////////////// Start the server ///////////////////////
var jobPipe=Thread.Pipe(); // a queue of requests do(SERVLET_THREADS){ Servlet(jobPipe) } // start threads
// Create the HTTP server listen socket // Sits here forever passing client HTTP connects to Servlets
serverSocket:=Network.TCPServerSocket.open(PORT); println("HTTP server started at http://",
serverSocket.hostname, ":", serverSocket.port);
serverSocket.listen(jobPipe);</lang>
- Programming Tasks
- Networking and Web Interaction
- Web
- GUISS/Omit
- Locomotive Basic/Omit
- Lotus 123 Macro Scripting/Omit
- Maxima/Omit
- ML/I/Omit
- Retro/Omit
- TI-83 BASIC/Omit
- ZX Spectrum Basic/Omit
- Ada
- AWS
- AntLang
- AutoIt
- AWK
- BBC BASIC
- C
- C++
- C sharp
- Clojure
- Common Lisp
- D
- Dart
- Delphi
- Dylan.NET
- Erlang
- Fantom
- Fortran
- FunL
- Go
- Haskell
- Io
- J
- Java
- JavaScript
- Lasso
- Liberty BASIC
- Modula-2
- NetRexx
- Nim
- Objeck
- OCaml
- Opa
- Panda
- Perl
- Perl 6
- PicoLisp
- Prolog
- PureBasic
- PHP
- Python
- Racket
- REALbasic
- Ring
- Ruby
- Run BASIC
- Rust
- Scala
- Salmon
- Seed7
- Sidef
- Smalltalk
- Tcl
- UNIX Shell
- Wart
- Zkl