Window creation

Window creation
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

Display a GUI window. The window need not have any contents, but should respond to requests to be closed.

Ada

Library: GTK

Library: GtkAda

Uses: GtkAda (Components:Window,Widget,Handlers,Main,)

with Gtk.Window;  use Gtk.Window;
with Gtk.Widget;  use Gtk.Widget;
 
with Gtk.Handlers;
with Gtk.Main;
 
procedure Windowed_Application is
   Window : Gtk_Window;
 
   package Handlers is new Gtk.Handlers.Callback (Gtk_Widget_Record);
   package Return_Handlers is
      new Gtk.Handlers.Return_Callback (Gtk_Widget_Record, Boolean);
 
   function Delete_Event (Widget : access Gtk_Widget_Record'Class)
      return Boolean is
   begin
      return False;
   end Delete_Event;
 
   procedure Destroy (Widget : access Gtk_Widget_Record'Class) is
   begin
     Gtk.Main.Main_Quit;
   end Destroy;
 
begin
   Gtk.Main.Init;
   Gtk.Window.Gtk_New (Window);
   Return_Handlers.Connect
   (  Window,
      "delete_event",
      Return_Handlers.To_Marshaller (Delete_Event'Access)
   );
   Handlers.Connect
   (  Window,
      "destroy",
      Handlers.To_Marshaller (Destroy'Access)
   );
   Show (Window);
 
   Gtk.Main.Main;
end Windowed_Application;

ALGOL 68

Library: GTK

Works with: ELLA ALGOL 68 version algol68toc_1.14

Compile command: ca -l gtk-3 -l gdk-3 -l atk-1.0 -l gio-2.0 -l pangocairo-1.0 -l gdk_pixbuf-2.0 -l cairo-gobject -l pango-1.0 -l cairo -l gobject-2.0 -l glib-2.0 firstgtk.a68

PROGRAM firstgtk CONTEXT VOID
USE standard
BEGIN
MODE GDATA = REF BITS;
MODE GUINT = BITS;
MODE GSIZE = BITS;
MODE GTYPE = GSIZE;
MODE GTYPECLASS = STRUCT(GTYPE g type);
MODE GTYPEINSTANCE = STRUCT(REF GTYPECLASS g class);
MODE GTKWIDGETPRIVATE = REF BITS;
 
MODE GOBJECT = STRUCT(
                GTYPEINSTANCE g type instance,
                GUINT ref count,
                REF GDATA qdata);
 
MODE GTKWIDGET = STRUCT(
                GOBJECT parent instance,
      REF GTKWIDGETPRIVATE priv);
 
PROC(REF INT,REF CCHARPTRPTR)VOID gtk init = ALIEN "GTK_INIT"
        "#define GTK_INIT(argc,argv) gtk_init(argc,argv)";
PROC(INT)REF GTKWIDGET gtk window new = ALIEN "GTK_WINDOW_NEW"
        "#define GTK_WINDOW_NEW(type) (void *)gtk_window_new(type)";
PROC(REF GTKWIDGET)VOID gtk widget show = ALIEN "GTK_WIDGET_SHOW"
        "#define GTK_WIDGET_SHOW(widget) gtk_widget_show((void *)widget)";
PROC gtk main = VOID: CODE "gtk_main();";
 
INT gtk window toplevel = 0;
FILE argf;
REF GTKWIDGET window;
 
open(argf,"",arg channel);
gtk init(argc,argv);
window:=gtk window new(gtk window toplevel);
gtk widget show(window);
gtk main
END
FINISH

AutoHotkey

Gui, Add, Text,, Hello
Gui, Show

AutoIt

GUICreate("Test")
GUISetState(@SW_SHOW)
 
Do
	Switch GUIGetMsg()
		Case -3 ; $GUI_EVENT_CLOSE
			Exit
	EndSwitch
Until False

AurelBasic

WIN 0 0 400 300 "New Window"

BBC BASIC

Works with: BBC BASIC for Windows

      INSTALL @lib$+"WINLIB2"
      dlg% = FN_newdialog("GUI Window", 0, 0, 200, 150, 8, 1000)
      PROC_showdialog(dlg%)

C

SDL

Works with: ANSI C version C89

Library: SDL

Uses: SDL (Components:SDL_Surface,SDL_Init,SDL_INIT_VIDEO,SDL_GetError,SDL_Quit,SDL_SetVideoMode,SDL_SWSURFACE,SDL_SDLHWPALETTE,)

Uses: ANSI C (Components:stdio,stdlib,fprintf,stderr,atexit,)

Compile Command: gcc `sdl-config --cflags` `sdl-config --libs` SDL_Window.c -o window

/*
 *   Opens an 800x600 16bit color window. 
 *   Done here with ANSI C.
 */
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "SDL.h"
 
int main()
{
  SDL_Surface *screen;
 
  if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Unable to initialize SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
    return 1;
  }
  atexit(SDL_Quit);
  screen = SDL_SetVideoMode( 800, 600, 16, SDL_SWSURFACE | SDL_HWPALETTE );
 
  return 0;
}

GTK

Library: GTK

Uses: GTK (Components:GTKWidget,gtk_init,gtk_window_new,GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL,gtk_signal_connect,GTK_OBJECT,GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC,gtk_widget_show,gtk_main,)

Compile command: gcc `gtk-config --cflags` `gtk-config --libs` -o window window.c

#include <gtk/gtk.h>
 
int
main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
  GtkWidget *window;
 
  gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
  window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(window), "destroy",
    GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
  gtk_widget_show(window);
  gtk_main();
 
  return 0;
}

GTK2

Library: Gtk2

Uses: Gtk2 (Components:GtkWidget,gtk_init,gtk_window_new,GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL,g_signal_connect,G_CALLBACK,gtk_main_quit,gtk_widget_show,gtk_main,)

Compile command: gcc -Wall -pedantic `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0` `pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0` -o window window.c

#include <gtk/gtk.h>
 
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  GtkWidget *window;
 
  gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
  window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  g_signal_connect (window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
  gtk_widget_show(window);
  gtk_main();
 
  return 0;
}

GLUT

Library: GLUT

Uses: GLUT (Components:glutInit,glutCreateWindow,glutKeyboardFunc,glutMainLoop,)

Compile command: gcc -I /usr/include/ -lglut -o window window_glut.c

Note that we aren't registering a painting or drawing callback, so the window will be created with nothing drawn in it. This is almost certain to lead to a strange appearance; On many systems, dragging the window around will appear to drag a copy of what was underneath where the window was when it was originally created.

We are registering a keypress callback, which isn't strictly necessary; It simply allows us to use a keypress to close the program rather than depending on the windowing system the program is run under.

// A C+GLUT implementation of the Creating a Window task at Rosetta Code
// http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Creating_a_Window
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
 
// This function is not strictly necessary to meet the requirements of the task.
void onKeyPress(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
	// If you have any cleanup or such, you need to use C's
	// onexit routine for registering cleanup callbacks.
	exit(0);
 
}
 
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	// Pulls out any command-line arguments that are specific to GLUT,
	// And leaves a command-line argument set without any of those arguments
	// when it returns.
	// (If you want a copy, take a copy first.)
	glutInit(&argc, argv);
 
	// Tell GLUT we want to create a window.
	// It won't *actually* be created until we call glutMainLoop below.
	glutCreateWindow("Goodbye, World!");
 
	// Register a callback to handle key press events (so we can quit on
	// when someone hits a key)  This part is not necessary to meet the
	// requirements of the task.
	glutKeyboardFunc(&onKeyPress);
 
	// Put the execution of the app in glut's hands. Most GUI environments
	// involve a message loop that communicate window events. GLUT handles
	// most of these with defaults, except for any we register callbacks
	// for. (Like the onKeyPress above.)
	glutMainLoop();
 
	return 0;
 
}
 
 

C++

Library: Qt

Uses: Qt (Components:QApplication,QMainWindow,qmake,)

Compiler command: qmake -pro; qmake

#include <QApplication>
#include <QMainWindow>
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 QApplication app(argc, argv);
 QMainWindow window;
 window.show();
 return app.exec();
}

Library: GTK

Compiler command: g++ filename.cc -o test `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtkmm-2.4`

#include <iostream>
#include <gtkmm.h>
 
int
main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
 try
 {
  Gtk::Main m( argc, argv ) ;
  Gtk::Window win ;
  m.run( win ) ;
 }
 
 catch( std::exception const & exc )
 {
  std::cout << exc.what() << std::endl ;
  exit( -1 ) ;
 }
 
 exit( 0 ) ;
}

C#

Library: Windows Forms

Uses: .NET Framework (Components:System.Windows.Forms,System.Windows.Forms.Window,System.Windows.Forms.Form,System.Windows.Forms.Application,)

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
 
public class Window {
    [STAThread]
    static void Main() {
        Form form = new Form();
 
        form.Text = "Window";
        form.Disposed += delegate { Application.Exit(); };
 
        form.Show();
        Application.Run();
    }
}

Clojure

Library: Swing

Uses: Swing (Components:JFrame,)

(import '(javax.swing JFrame))
 
(let [frame (JFrame. "A Window")]
	   (doto frame
		 (.setSize 600 800)
		 (.setVisible true)))

Common Lisp

Library: CAPI

Works with: LispWorks

(capi:display (make-instance 'capi:interface :title "A Window"))

Library: CLIM

Works with: McCLIM

Setting up the environment:

(require :mcclim)
(cl:defpackage #:rc-window
  (:use #:clim-lisp #:clim))
(cl:in-package #:rc-window)

The actual definition and display:

(define-application-frame rc-window () 
  ()
  (:layouts (:default)))
 
(run-frame-top-level (make-application-frame 'rc-window))

Note: This creates a small, useless window ("frame"). Useful frames will have some panes defined inside them.

Library: Swing

Uses: Swing (Components:JFrame,)

Works with the Armed Bear Common Lisp implementation that targets the JVM.

(defun create-window ()
  "Creates a window"
  (let ((window (jnew (jconstructor "javax.swing.JFrame"))))
	(jcall (jmethod "javax.swing.JFrame" "setVisible" "boolean")
		   window (make-immediate-object t :boolean))))
 
(create-window)

D

Library: FLTK4d

 module Window;
 
 import fltk4d.all;
 
 void main() {
     auto window = new Window(300, 300, "A window");
     window.show;
     FLTK.run;
 }

Library: Derelict

Library: SDL

 import derelict.sdl.sdl;
 
 int main(char[][] args)
 {
     DerelictSDL.load();
 
     SDL_Event event;
     auto done = false;
 
     SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
     scope(exit) SDL_Quit();
 
     SDL_SetVideoMode(1024, 768, 0, SDL_OPENGL);
     SDL_WM_SetCaption("My first Window", "SDL test");
 
     while (!done)
     {
         if (SDL_PollEvent(&event) == 1)
         {
             switch (event.type)
 	     {
                 case SDL_QUIT:
 	              done = true;
 		          break;
 		 default:
 		      break;
 	     }
 	 }		
     }
 
    return 0;
 }

Library: QD

QD is a simple and easy-to-use wrapper around SDL.

 import qd;
 
 void main() {
   screen(640, 480);
   while (true) events();
 }

Delphi

This first example is a minimalist approach using Delphi's standard Window (form) creation procedure. In Delphi 7, this will create a single Window executable of 362KB.

 
 
// The project file (Project1.dpr)
program Project1;
 
uses
  Forms,
  // Include file with Window class declaration (see below)
  Unit0 in 'Unit1.pas' {Form1};
 
{$R *.res}
 
begin
  Application.Initialize;
  Application.CreateForm(TForm1, Form1);
  Application.Run;
end.
 
 
// The Window class declaration
unit Unit1;
 
interface
 
uses
  Forms;
 
type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
  end;
 
var
  Form1: TForm1;
 
implementation
 
{$R *.dfm} // The window definition resource (see below)
 
end.
 
// A textual rendition of the Window (form) definition file (Unit1.dfm)
object Form1: TForm1
  Left = 469
  Top = 142
  Width = 800
  Height = 600
  Caption = 'Form1'
  Color = clBtnFace
  Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
  Font.Color = clWindowText
  Font.Height = -11
  Font.Name = 'MS Shell Dlg 2'
  Font.Style = []
  OldCreateOrder = False
  Position = poScreenCenter
  PixelsPerInch = 96
  TextHeight = 13
end
 
 

This second example demonstrates a 'pure' Windows API approach (i.e. NOT using the Delphi Visual Component Library). In Delphi 7, this will create a single Window executable of 15KB.

 
program Project3;
 
uses
  Windows,
  Messages;
 
var
  WndClass: TWndClass;
  Msg: TMsg;
  winT, winL: Integer;
 
// Initial height/width of the window
const
  winW: Integer = 800;
  winH: Integer = 600;
 
// Callback function to processes messages sent to the window
function WindowProc(hWnd,Msg,wParam,lParam:Integer): Integer; stdcall;
begin
  // Trap the WM_DESTROY message
  if (Msg = WM_DESTROY) then PostQuitMessage(0);
  Result := DefWindowProc(hWnd,Msg,wParam,lParam);
end;
 
begin
  // Fill the WndClass structure with the window class attributes
  // to be registered by the RegisterClass function
  with WndClass do
    begin
      lpszClassName:= 'Form1';
      lpfnWndProc :=  @WindowProc; // Pointer to our message handling callback
      style := CS_OWNDC or         // Request a unique device context
               CS_VREDRAW or       // Redraw window when resized vertically
               CS_HREDRAW;         // Redraw window when resized horizontally
      hInstance := hInstance;      // The instance that the window procedure of this class is within
      hbrBackground := HBRUSH(COLOR_BTNFACE+1); // Background colour of the window
    end;
 
  // Register the window class for use by CreateWindow
  RegisterClass(WndClass);
 
  // Calculate initial top and left positions of the window
  winT := (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFULLSCREEN) - winH) div 2;
  winL := (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXFULLSCREEN) - winW) div 2;
 
  // Create the window
  CreateWindow(WndClass.lpszClassName,              // Class name
               'Form1',                             // Window name
               WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW or WS_VISIBLE,   // Window style
               winL,                                // Horizontal Position (Left)
               winT,                                // Vertical Position (Top)
               winW,                                // Width
               winH,                                // Height
               0,                                   // Window parent/owner handle
               0,                                   // Menu handle
               hInstance,                           // Handle to application instance
               nil);                                // Pointer to window creation data
 
 // Handle messages
 while GetMessage(Msg,0,0,0) do
   DispatchMessage(Msg);
 
end.
 

E

Swing

Works with: E-on-Java

when (currentVat.morphInto("awt")) -> {
    def w := <swing:makeJFrame>("Window")
    w.setContentPane(<swing:makeJLabel>("Contents"))
    w.pack()
    w.show()
}

Eiffel

Platform independent EiffelVision 2 Library

class
    APPLICATION
inherit
    EV_APPLICATION
create
    make_and_launch
feature {NONE} -- Initialization
    make_and_launch
            -- Initialize and launch application
        do
            default_create
            create first_window
            first_window.show
            launch
        end
feature {NONE} -- Implementation
    first_window: MAIN_WINDOW
            -- Main window.
end

class
    MAIN_WINDOW
inherit
    EV_TITLED_WINDOW
        redefine
            initialize
        end
create
    default_create
feature {NONE} -- Initialization
    initialize
            -- Build the interface for this window.
        do
                -- Call initialize in parent class EV_TITLED_WINDOW
            Precursor {EV_TITLED_WINDOW}
                -- Build a container for widgets for this window
            build_main_container
                -- Add the container to this window
            extend (main_container)
                -- Add `request_close_window' to the actions taken when the user clicks
                -- on the cross in the title bar.
            close_request_actions.extend (agent request_close_window)
                -- Set the title of the window
            set_title ("Rosetta Code")
                -- Set the initial size of the window
            set_size (400, 400)
        end
feature {NONE} -- Implementation, Close event
    request_close_window
            -- The user wants to close the window
        do
                -- Destroy this window
            destroy;
                -- Destroy application
            (create {EV_ENVIRONMENT}).application.destroy
        end
feature {NONE} -- Implementation
    main_container: EV_VERTICAL_BOX
            -- Main container contains all widgets displayed in this window.
            -- In this case a single text area.
    build_main_container
            -- Create and populate `main_container'.
        require
            main_container_not_yet_created: main_container = Void
        do
            create main_container
            main_container.extend (create {EV_TEXT})
        ensure
            main_container_created: main_container /= Void
        end
end

Library: Windows Forms

class
    APPLICATION
inherit
    WINFORMS_FORM
        rename
            make as make_form
        end
create
    make
feature {NONE} -- Initialization
    make
            -- Run application.
        do
                -- Set window title
            set_text ("Rosetta Code")
                -- Launch application
            {WINFORMS_APPLICATION}.run_form (Current)
        end
end

Emacs Lisp

 
(make-frame)
 

Euphoria

ARWEN

Library: ARWEN

include arwen.ew
 
constant win = create(Window, "ARWEN window", 0, 0,100,100,640,480,{0,0})
 
WinMain(win, SW_NORMAL)
 

EuGTK

Library: EuGTK

include GtkEngine.e
 
constant win = create(GtkWindow)
	connect(win,"destroy",quit)
	set(win,"title","Simple Window")
	set(win,"default size",300,100)
	set(win,"position",GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER)
 
show_all(win)
main()

EuWinGUI

Library: EuWinGUI

include EuWinGUI.ew
 
Window("EuWinGUI window",100,100,640,480)
 
-- Event loop
while True do
    WaitEvent()
end while
 
CloseApp(0)

Win32Lib

Library: Win32Lib

include Win32Lib.ew
 
constant win = createEx( Window, "Win32Lib", 0, Default, Default, 640, 480, 0, 0 )
 
WinMain( win, Normal )

wxEuphoria

Library: wxEuphoria

include wxeu/wxeud.e
 
constant win = create( wxFrame, {0, -1, "wxEuphoria window", -1, -1, 640, 480} )
 
wxMain( win )

Factor

USING: ui ui.gadgets.labels ;
 
"This is a window..." <label> "Really?" open-window

Fantom

 
using fwt
 
class Main
{
  public static Void main () 
  {
    Window().open
  }
}
 

Forth

Library: Forth Foundation Library

Library: Gtk2

gtk-server command: gtk-server -fifo=ffl-fifo &

include ffl/gsv.fs
 
\ Open the connection to the gtk-server and load the Gtk2 definitions
s" gtk-server.cfg" s" ffl-fifo" gsv+open 0= [IF]
 
\ Convert the string event to a widget id
: event>widget
  0. 2swap >number 2drop d>s
;
 
0 value window
 
: window-creation
  gtk_init
 
  \ Create the window
  GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL gtk_window_new to window
 
  window gtk_widget_show
 
  \ Wait for an event
  BEGIN
    s" WAIT" gtk_server_callback
    event>widget window =
  UNTIL
 
  0 gtk_exit
;
 
window-creation
 
gsv+close drop
[THEN]

F#

Everything is provided by the .NET runtime so this is almost identical to C_sharp.

Library: Windows Forms

 open System.Windows.Forms
 
 [<System.STAThread>]
 do
     Form(Text = "F# Window")
     |> Application.Run

Go

GTK

Library: go-gtk

package main
 
import "gtk"
 
func main() {
    gtk.Init(nil)
    window := gtk.Window(gtk.GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
    window.Connect("destroy", func(*gtk.CallbackContext) {
        gtk.MainQuit()
    },
        "")
    window.Show()
    gtk.Main()
}

SDL

Library: Go-SDL

package main
 
import (
    "sdl"
    "fmt"
)
 
func main() {
    if sdl.Init(sdl.INIT_VIDEO) != 0 {
        fmt.Println(sdl.GetError())
        return
    }
    defer sdl.Quit()
 
    if sdl.SetVideoMode(200, 200, 32, 0) == nil {
        fmt.Println(sdl.GetError())
        return
    }
 
    for e := new(sdl.Event); e.Wait() && e.Type != sdl.QUIT; {
    }
}

X11

package main
 
import (
    "code.google.com/p/x-go-binding/ui"
    "code.google.com/p/x-go-binding/ui/x11"
    "fmt"
    "os"
)
 
func main() {
    win, err := x11.NewWindow()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Error: %v\n", err)
        os.Exit(1)
    }
    defer win.Close()
 
    evchan := win.EventChan()
    for ev := range evchan {
        switch e := ev.(type) {
        case ui.ErrEvent:
            fmt.Printf("Error: %v\n", e.Err)
            os.Exit(1)
        }
    }
}

Groovy

 import groovy.swing.SwingBuilder

 new SwingBuilder().frame(title:'My Window', size:[200,100]).show()

GUISS

We will open notepad as a window here.

Start,Programs,Accessories,Notepad

To close the window:

Window:Notepad,Button:Close

Haskell

Using

Library: HGL

from HackageDB.

A simple graphics library, designed to give the programmer access to most interesting parts of the Win32 Graphics Device Interface and X11 library without exposing the programmer to the pain and anguish usually associated with using these interfaces.

import Graphics.HGL
 
aWindow =  runGraphics $
  withWindow_ "Rosetta Code task: Creating a window" (300, 200) $ \ w -> do
	drawInWindow w $ text (100, 100) "Hello World"
	getKey w

HicEst

WINDOW(WINdowhandle=handle, Width=80, Height=-400, X=1, Y=1/2, TItle="Rosetta Window_creation Example")
! window units: as pixels < 0,  as relative window size 0...1,  ascurrent character sizes > 1
 
WRITE(WINdowhandle=handle) '... some output ...'

IDL

With some example values filled in:

Id = WIDGET_BASE(TITLE='Window Title',xsize=200,ysize=100)
WIDGET_CONTROL, /REALIZE, id

Icon and Unicon

Icon and Unicon windowing is portable between Windows and X-Windows environments.

Icon

link graphics 
 
procedure main(arglist)
 
WOpen("size=300, 300", "fg=blue", "bg=light gray")
WDone()
end

Library: Icon Programming Library

graphics is required

Unicon

The Icon solution works in Unicon. An Unicon-only version is as follows:

 
import gui
$include "guih.icn"
 
class WindowApp : Dialog ()
 
  # -- automatically called when the dialog is created
  method component_setup ()
    # make sure we respond to close event
    connect(self, "dispose", CLOSE_BUTTON_EVENT)
  end
end
 
# create and show the window
procedure main ()
  w := WindowApp ()
  w.show_modal ()
end
 

J

A minimalist modal dialog:

   title=: '"Hamlet -- Act 3, Scene 1"'
   text=: '"To be, or not to be: that is the question:"'
   wd 'mb ',title,text
 

A free-standing window:

MINWDW=: noun define
pc minwdw;
pas 162 85;pcenter;
rem form end;
)
 
minwdw_run=: monad define
  wd MINWDW
  wd 'pshow;'
)
 
minwdw_close=: monad define
  wd'pclose'
)
 
minwdw_run ''

Java

Library: Swing

import javax.swing.JFrame;
 
public class Main {
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         JFrame w = new JFrame("Title");
         w.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         w.setSize(800,600);
         w.setVisible(true);
     }
}

JavaScript

   window.open("webpage.html", "windowname", "width=800,height=600");

Lua

Library: IUPLua

local iup = require "iuplua"
 
iup.dialog{
  title = "Window";
  iup.vbox{
    margin = "10x10";
    iup.label{title = "A window"}
  }
}:show()
 
iup.MainLoop()
 

Mathematica

 
CreateDocument[]
 

Liberty BASIC

Minimum code required to fulfill the task.

nomainwin
open "GUI Window" for window as #1
wait
 

As it would properly be used in a real program.

nomainwin
open "GUI Window" for window as #1
#1 "trapclose Quit"
wait
sub Quit hndl$
    close #hndl$
    end
end sub
 

mIRC Scripting Language

Works with: mIRC

Switches: C = Center Window p = Picture Window d = Desktop Window

alias CreateMyWindow {
 .window -Cp +d @WindowName 600 480
}

NetRexx

Library: Swing

/* NetRexx */
options replace format comments java crossref symbols binary
 
import javax.swing.JFrame
import javax.swing.JLabel
import java.awt.BorderLayout
import java.awt.Font
import java.awt.Color
 
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
parse arg showText .
select
  when showText.length = 0          then addText = isTrue
  when 'YES'.abbrev(showText.upper) then addText = isTrue
  when showText = '.'               then addText = isTrue
  otherwise                              addText = isFalse
  end
title = 'Rosetta Code - Window Creation'
createFrame(title, addText)
 
return
 
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
method createFrame(title, addText = boolean 0) public static
  do
    fenester = JFrame(title)
    fenester.setSize(600, 200)
    fenester.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
    if addText then decorate(fenester)
    fenester.setVisible(isTrue)
 
  catch ex = Exception
    ex.printStackTrace()
  end
 
  return
 
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
method decorate(fenester = JFrame, textStr = 'This page intentionally left blank.') private static returns JFrame
  textlbl  = JLabel(textStr)
  textfont = Font(Font.SERIF, Font.BOLD, 20)
  textlbl.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER)
  textlbl.setFont(textfont)
  textlbl.setForeground(Color.ORANGE)
  fenester.add(textlbl, BorderLayout.CENTER)
 
  return fenester
 
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
method isTrue() public static returns boolean
  return (1 == 1)
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
method isFalse() public static returns boolean
  return \(1 == 1)
 

Objeck

 
use Gtk2;
 
bundle Default {
  class GtkHello {
    function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
      window := GtkWindow->New();
      delete_callback := Events->DeleteEvent(GtkWidget) ~ Nil;
      window->SignalConnect(Signal->Destroy, window->As(GtkWidget), delete_callback);
      window->SetTitle("Title");
      window->Show();
      Appliction->Main();
    }
  }
}
 

Objective-C

Works with: GNUstep

Works with: Cocoa

It opens a 800×600 window, centered on the screen, with title "A Window".

#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#include <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 
@interface Win : NSWindow
{
}
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification *)notification;
- (BOOL)applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed: (NSNotification *)notification;
@end
 
 
@implementation Win : NSWindow
-(id) init
{
  [self 
    initWithContentRect: NSMakeRect(0, 0, 800, 600)
    styleMask: (NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask)
    backing: NSBackingStoreBuffered
    defer: NO];
 
  [self setTitle: @"A Window"];
  [self center];
 
  return self;
}
 
 
-(void) dealloc
{
  [super dealloc];
}
 
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification *)notification
{
  [self orderFront: self];
}
 
- (BOOL)applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed: (NSNotification *)notification
{
  return YES;
}
@end
 
int main()
{
  Win *mywin;
  NSAutoreleasePool *pool;
 
  pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
  [NSApplication sharedApplication];
  mywin = [[Win alloc] init];
  [NSApp setDelegate: mywin];
  [NSApp runModalForWindow: mywin];
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

OCaml

Library: LablTk

let () =
  let top = Tk.openTk() in
  Wm.title_set top "An Empty Window";
  Wm.geometry_set top "240x180";
  Tk.mainLoop ();
;;

execute with:

ocaml -I +labltk labltk.cma sample.ml

with the Graphics module:

open Graphics
 
let () =
  open_graph " 800x600";
  let _ = read_line() in
  close_graph ()

execute with:

ocaml graphics.cma tmp.ml

Library: LablGTK2

open GMain
 
let window = GWindow.window ~border_width:2 ()
let button = GButton.button ~label:"Hello World" ~packing:window#add ()
 
let () =
  window#event#connect#delete  ~callback:(fun _ -> true);
  window#connect#destroy ~callback:Main.quit;
  button#connect#clicked ~callback:window#destroy;
  window#show ();
  Main.main ()

execute with:

ocaml -I +lablgtk2  lablgtk.cma gtkInit.cmo sample.ml

Library: OCamlSDL

let () =
  Sdl.init [`VIDEO];
  let _ = Sdlvideo.set_video_mode 200 200 [] in
  Sdltimer.delay 2000;
  Sdl.quit ()

execute with:

ocaml bigarray.cma -I +sdl sdl.cma sample.ml

Library: ocaml-sfml

let () =
  let app = SFRenderWindow.make (640, 480) "OCaml-SFML Windowing" in
 
  let rec loop() =
    let continue =
      match SFRenderWindow.getEvent app with
      | Some SFEvent.Closed -> false
      | _ -> true
    in
    SFRenderWindow.clear app SFColor.black;
    SFRenderWindow.display app;
    if continue then loop()
  in
  loop()

execute with:

ocaml bigarray.cma -I +sfml SFML.cma sample.ml

Library: OCaml-Xlib

open Xlib
 
let () =
  let d = xOpenDisplay "" in
  let s = xDefaultScreen d in
  let w = xCreateSimpleWindow d (xRootWindow d s) 10 10 100 100 1
                                (xBlackPixel d s) (xWhitePixel d s) in
  xSelectInput d w [KeyPressMask];
  xMapWindow d w;
  let _ = xNextEventFun d in  (* waits any key-press event *)
  xCloseDisplay d;
;;

execute with:

ocaml -I +Xlib Xlib.cma sample.ml

OpenEdge ABL/Progress 4GL

 
 
  DEFINE VAR C-Win AS WIDGET-HANDLE NO-UNDO.
 
  CREATE WINDOW C-Win ASSIGN
         HIDDEN             = YES
         TITLE              = "OpenEdge Window Display"
         HEIGHT             = 10.67
         WIDTH              = 95.4
         MAX-HEIGHT         = 16
         MAX-WIDTH          = 95.4
         VIRTUAL-HEIGHT     = 16
         VIRTUAL-WIDTH      = 95.4
         RESIZE             = yes
         SCROLL-BARS        = no
         STATUS-AREA        = no
         BGCOLOR            = ?
         FGCOLOR            = ?
         KEEP-FRAME-Z-ORDER = yes
         THREE-D            = yes
         MESSAGE-AREA       = no
         SENSITIVE          = yes.
 
    VIEW C-Win.
 
    ON WINDOW-CLOSE OF C-Win /* <insert window title> */
    DO:
      /* This event will close the window and terminate the procedure.  */
      APPLY "CLOSE":U TO THIS-PROCEDURE.
      RETURN NO-APPLY.
    END.
 
    WAIT-FOR CLOSE OF THIS-PROCEDURE.
 
 

Oz

functor
import
   Application
   QTk at 'x-oz://system/wp/QTk.ozf'
define
   proc {OnClose}
      {Application.exit 0}
   end
 
   %% Descripe the GUI in a declarative style.
   GUIDescription = td(label(text:"Hello World!")
		       action:OnClose %% Exit app when window closes.
		      )
 
   %% Create a window object from the description and show it.
   Window = {QTk.build GUIDescription}
   {Window show}
end

Pascal

Works with: Free_Pascal

Library: SysUtils

Library: SDL

Program WindowCreation_SDL;
 
{$linklib SDL}
 
uses
  SDL,
  SysUtils;
 
var
  screen: PSDL_Surface;
 
begin
  SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
  screen := SDL_SetVideoMode( 800, 600, 16, (SDL_SWSURFACE or SDL_HWPALETTE) );
  sleep(2000);
  SDL_Quit;
end.

Perl

Works with: Perl version 5.8.8

Library: Tk

  use Tk;
 
  MainWindow->new();
  MainLoop;

Library: SDL

  use SDL::App;
  use SDL::Event;
 
  $app = SDL::App->new;
  $app->loop({
    SDL_QUIT() => sub { exit 0; },
  });

Library: GTK

  use Gtk '-init';
 
  $window = Gtk::Window->new;
  $window->signal_connect(
    destroy => sub { Gtk->main_quit; }
  );
  $window->show_all;
  Gtk->main;

Library: Gtk2

  use Gtk2 '-init';
 
  $window = Gtk2::Window->new;
  $window->signal_connect(
    destroy => sub { Gtk2->main_quit; }
  );
  $window->show_all;
  Gtk2->main;

Library: XUL::GuiGui

use XUL::Gui;
 
display Window;

Library: Wx

  use Wx;
 
  $window = Wx::Frame->new(undef, -1, 'title');
  $window->Show;
  Wx::SimpleApp->new->MainLoop;

PicoLisp

Translation of: C

(load "@lib/openGl.l")
 
(glutInit)
(glutCreateWindow "Goodbye, World!")
(keyboardFunc '(() (bye)))
(glutMainLoop)

PowerShell

Library: WPK

New-Window -Show

Library: Windows Forms

$form = New-Object Windows.Forms.Form
$form.Text = "A Window"
$form.Size = New-Object Drawing.Size(150,150)
$form.ShowDialog() | Out-Null

Prolog

Works with SWI-Prolog which has a graphic interface XPCE.

?- new(D, window('Prolog Window')), send(D, open).

PureBasic

Define MyWin.i, Event.i
 
MyWin = OpenWindow(#PB_Any, 412, 172, 402, 94, "PureBasic")
 
; Event loop
Repeat
   Event = WaitWindowEvent()
   Select Event
      Case #PB_Event_Gadget
         ; Handle any gadget events here
      Case #PB_Event_CloseWindow
         Break
   EndSelect
ForEver

Python

Works with: Python version 2.4 and 2.5

Library: Tkinter

  import Tkinter
 
  w = Tkinter.Tk()
  w.mainloop()

Library: wxPython

  from wxPython.wx import *
 
  class MyApp(wxApp):
    def OnInit(self):
      frame = wxFrame(NULL, -1, "Hello from wxPython")
      frame.Show(true)
      self.SetTopWindow(frame)
      return true
 
  app = MyApp(0)
  app.MainLoop()

Library: Pythonwin

  import win32ui
  from pywin.mfc.dialog import Dialog
 
  d = Dialog(win32ui.IDD_SIMPLE_INPUT)
  d.CreateWindow()

Library: PyGTK

  import gtk
 
  window = gtk.Window()
  window.show()
  gtk.main()

Library: PyQT

  from PyQt4.QtGui import *
 
  app = QApplication([])
  win = QWidget()
  win.show()
 
  app.exec_()

R

Although R cannot create windows itself, it has wrappers for several GUI toolkits. tcl/tk is shipped with R by default, and you can create windows with that.

 
win <- tktoplevel()
 

Library: gWidgets

The gWidgets packages let you write GUIs in a toolkit independent way. You can create a window with

 
library(gWidgetstcltk) #or e.g. gWidgetsRGtk2
win <- gwindow()
 

Racket

 
#lang racket/gui
(send (new frame%
           [label "New Window"]
           [width 100] [height 100])
      show #t)
 

RapidQ

  create form as qform
     center
     width=500
     height=400
  end create
  form.showModal

REBOL

 
view layout [size 100x100]
 

'size' needed to show the close-window button.

Ruby

Works with: Ruby version 1.8.5

Library: Ruby/Tk

 require 'tk'
 
 window = TkRoot::new()
 window::mainloop()

Library: GTK

 require 'gtk2'
 
 window = Gtk::Window.new.show
 Gtk.main

Library: Shoes

Shoes.app {}

Run BASIC

Show a empty browser with a button to "Close Me"

html "Close me!"
button #c, "Close Me", [doExit]
wait
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Get outta here. depending on how may layers you are into the window (history level)
' If you are at the top level then close the window
' ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[doExit]
html "<script language='javascript' type='text/javascript'>
var a = history.length;
a = a - 1;
window.open('','_parent','');
window.close();
history.go(-a);
</script>"
wait

Scheme

Library: Scheme/PsTk

 
#!r6rs
 
;; PS-TK example: display simple frame
 
(import (rnrs) 
        (lib pstk main) ; change this to refer to your installation of PS/Tk
        )
 
(define tk (tk-start))
(tk/wm 'title tk "PS-Tk Example: Frame")
 
(tk-event-loop tk)
 

Scala

Library: sdljava

import javax.swing.JFrame
 
object ShowWindow{
  def main(args: Array[String]){
    var jf = new JFrame("Hello!")
 
    jf.setSize(800, 600)
    jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
    jf.setVisible(true)
  }
}

Using native Scala libraries (which are wrappers over Java libraries):

import scala.swing._
import scala.swing.Swing._
 
object SimpleWindow extends SimpleSwingApplication {
  def top = new MainFrame {
    title = "Hello!"
    preferredSize = ((800, 600):Dimension)
  }
}

Smalltalk

Works with: Pharo

Works with: Squeak

SystemWindow new openInWorld.

Works with: Smalltalk/X

|top|
top := TopView new.
top add: (Label label: 'Hello World') in:(0.0@0.0 corner:1.0@1.0).
top open

Tcl

Library: Tk

Loading the Tk package is all that is required to get an initial window:

package require Tk

If you need an additional window:

toplevel .top

If you are using the increasingly popular tclkit under MS Windows, all you have to do is associate the tclkit with the extension “.tcl” and then create an empty file with, e.g., with the name nothing.tcl. Double-clicking that will “open a window” (an empty one).

TI-89 BASIC

:Text "Rosetta Code"

Toka

Library: SDL

Toka does not inherently know about graphical environments, but can interact with them using external libraries. This example makes use of the SDL library bindings included with Toka.

needs sdl
800 600 sdl_setup

Vedit macro language

Creates an empty window with ID 'A' near the upper left corner of document area, with height of 20 text lines and width of 80 characters.

Win_Create(A, 2, 5, 20, 80)

Note: if you run this command while in Visual Mode, you should adjust your active window smaller so that the created window will not be hidden behind it (since the active window is always on top).

Visual Basic .NET

    Dim newForm as new Form
    newForm.Text = "It's a new window"
 
        newForm.Show()

X86 Assembly

Library: GTK

Works with: NASM

 
;GTK imports and defines etc.
%define GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL 0
 
extern gtk_init
extern gtk_window_new
extern gtk_widget_show
extern gtk_signal_connect
extern gtk_main
extern g_print
extern gtk_main_quit
 
bits 32
 
section .text
	global _main
 
        ;exit signal
	sig_main_exit:
		push exit_sig_msg
		call g_print
		add esp, 4
		call gtk_main_quit
		ret
 
	_main:
		mov ebp, esp	
		sub esp, 8
		push argv
		push argc
		call gtk_init
		add esp, 8				;stack alignment.
		push GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL
		call gtk_window_new
		add esp, 4
		mov [ebp-4], eax		;ebp-4 now holds our GTKWindow pointer.
		push 0
		push sig_main_exit
		push gtk_delete_event
		push dword [ebp-4]
		call gtk_signal_connect
		add esp, 16
		push dword [ebp-4]
		call gtk_widget_show
		add esp, 4
		call gtk_main	
 
section .data
;sudo argv 
argc                dd 1
argv                dd args
args                dd title   
						  dd 0
 
title               db "GTK Window",0
gtk_delete_event   db 'delete_event',0
exit_sig_msg      db "-> Rage quitting..",10,0
 
 

Works with: MASM

 
.586
.model flat, stdcall
option casemap:none
 
include /masm32/include/windows.inc
include /masm32/include/kernel32.inc
include /masm32/include/user32.inc
 
includelib /masm32/lib/kernel32.lib
includelib /masm32/lib/user32.lib
 
WinMain proto :dword,:dword,:dword,:dword
 
.data
   ClassName db "WndClass",0
   AppName   db "Window!",0
.data? 
   hInstance   dd ?
   CommandLine dd ?
 
.code
start:
   invoke GetModuleHandle, NULL
   mov hInstance, eax
   invoke GetCommandLine
   mov CommandLine, eax
   invoke WinMain, hInstance, NULL, CommandLine, SW_SHOWDEFAULT
 
   WinMain proc hInst:dword, hPervInst:dword, CmdLine:dword, CmdShow:dword
   LOCAL wc:WNDCLASSEX
   LOCAL msg:MSG
   LOCAL hwnd:HWND
 
   wc.cbSize, sizeof WNDCLASSEX
   wc.style, CS_HREDRAW or CS_VREDRAW
   wc.lpfnWndPRoc, offset WndProc
   wc.cbClsExtra,NULL
   wc.cbWndExtra, NULL
   push hInstance
   pop wc.hInstance
   mov wc.hbrBackground, COLOR_BTNFACE+1
   mov wc.lpszMenuName NULL
   mov wc.lpszClassName, offset ClassName
   invoke LoadIcon, NULL, IDI_APPLICATION
   mov wc.hIcon, eax
   mov wc.hIconSm, eax
   invoke LoadCursor, NULL, IDC_ARROW
   mov wc.hCursor, eax
   invoke RegisterClassEx, addr wc
   invoke CreateWindowEx, NULL, addr ClassName, addr AppName, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CS_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAUT,\
   CW_USEDEFAUT, CW_USEDEFAUT, NULL, NULL, hInst, NULL
   mov hwnd, eax
   invoke ShowWindow, hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL
   invoke UpdateWindow, hwnd
   .while TRUE
      invoke GetMessage, addr msg, NULL, 0,0
      .break .if (!eax)
      invoke TranslateMessage, addr msg
      invoke DispatchMessage, addr msg
   .endw
   mov eax, msg.wParam
   ret
   WinMain endp
 
   WndProc proc hWnd:dword, uMsg:dword, wParam:dword, lParam:dword
   mov eax, uMsg
   .if eax==WM_DESTROY
      invoke PostQuitMessage, NULL
   .else
      invoke DefWindowProc, hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam
   .endif
   xor eax, eax
   ret
   WndProc endp
end start