Echo server: Difference between revisions
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SqrtNegInf (talk | contribs) m →{{header|Perl 6}}: send now print |
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By default it spawns 5 child processes at startup, makes sure there are always at least 2 and at most 10 spare children available for new requests, each of which will be killed after processing 1000 requests and new ones will take their place. |
By default it spawns 5 child processes at startup, makes sure there are always at least 2 and at most 10 spare children available for new requests, each of which will be killed after processing 1000 requests and new ones will take their place. |
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=={{header|Perl 6}}== |
=={{header|Perl 6}}== |
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{{ |
{{Works with|rakudo|2016-03}} |
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<lang perl6>my $socket = IO::Socket::INET.new: |
<lang perl6>my $socket = IO::Socket::INET.new: |
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localhost => 'localhost', |
localhost => 'localhost', |
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while $conn.recv -> $stuff { |
while $conn.recv -> $stuff { |
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say "Echoing $stuff"; |
say "Echoing $stuff"; |
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$conn. |
$conn.print($stuff); |
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} |
} |
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$conn.close; |
$conn.close; |
Revision as of 14:00, 13 April 2016
![Task](http://static.miraheze.org/rosettacodewiki/thumb/b/ba/Rcode-button-task-crushed.png/64px-Rcode-button-task-crushed.png)
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Create a network service that sits on TCP port 12321, which accepts connections on that port, and which echoes complete lines (using a carriage-return/line-feed sequence as line separator) back to clients. No error handling is required. For the purposes of testing, it is only necessary to support connections from localhost (127.0.0.1 or perhaps ::1). Logging of connection information to standard output is recommended.
The implementation must be able to handle simultaneous connections from multiple clients. A multi-threaded or multi-process solution may be used. Each connection must be able to echo more than a single line.
The implementation must not stop responding to other clients if one client sends a partial line or stops reading responses.
Ada
single-threaded, one client served at a time.
<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO; with Ada.IO_Exceptions; with GNAT.Sockets; procedure Echo_Server is
Receiver : GNAT.Sockets.Socket_Type; Connection : GNAT.Sockets.Socket_Type; Client : GNAT.Sockets.Sock_Addr_Type; Channel : GNAT.Sockets.Stream_Access;
begin
GNAT.Sockets.Create_Socket (Socket => Receiver); GNAT.Sockets.Set_Socket_Option (Socket => Receiver, Option => (Name => GNAT.Sockets.Reuse_Address, Enabled => True)); GNAT.Sockets.Bind_Socket (Socket => Receiver, Address => (Family => GNAT.Sockets.Family_Inet, Addr => GNAT.Sockets.Inet_Addr ("127.0.0.1"), Port => 12321)); GNAT.Sockets.Listen_Socket (Socket => Receiver); loop GNAT.Sockets.Accept_Socket (Server => Receiver, Socket => Connection, Address => Client); Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Client connected from " & GNAT.Sockets.Image (Client)); Channel := GNAT.Sockets.Stream (Connection); begin loop Character'Output (Channel, Character'Input (Channel)); end loop; exception when Ada.IO_Exceptions.End_Error => null; end; GNAT.Sockets.Close_Socket (Connection); end loop;
end Echo_Server;</lang>
AutoHotkey
echoserver.ahk, modified from script by zed gecko. <lang AutoHotkey>#SingleInstance Force Network_Port = 12321 Network_Address = 127.0.0.1
NewData := false DataReceived = Gosub Connection_Init return
Connection_Init: OnExit, ExitSub socket := PrepareForIncomingConnection(Network_Address, Network_Port) if socket = -1
ExitApp
Process, Exist DetectHiddenWindows On ScriptMainWindowId := WinExist("ahk_class AutoHotkey ahk_pid " . ErrorLevel) DetectHiddenWindows Off
NotificationMsg = 0x5555 OnMessage(NotificationMsg, "ReceiveData")
ExitMsg = 0x6666 OnMessage(ExitMsg, "ExitData")
FD_READ = 1 FD_CLOSE = 32 FD_CONNECT = 20
if DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAAsyncSelect", "UInt", socket,
"UInt", ScriptMainWindowId, "UInt", ExitMsg, "Int", FD_CLOSE)
{
msgbox, closed
}
if DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAAsyncSelect", "UInt", socket,
"UInt", ScriptMainWindowId, "UInt", NotificationMsg, "Int", FD_READ|FD_CONNECT)
{
MsgBox % "WSAAsyncSelect() indicated Winsock error " . DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAGetLastError") DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAAsyncSelect", "UInt", socket, "UInt", ScriptMainWindowId, "UInt", ExitMsg, "Int", FD_CLOSE) ExitApp
}
SetTimer, NewConnectionCheck, 500 return
PrepareForIncomingConnection(IPAddress, Port) {
VarSetCapacity(wsaData, 32) result := DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAStartup", "UShort", 0x0002, "UInt", &wsaData) if ErrorLevel { MsgBox % "WSAStartup() could not be called due to error %ErrorLevel%. " . "Winsock 2.0 or higher is required." return -1 } if result { MsgBox % "WSAStartup() indicated Winsock error " . DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAGetLastError") return -1 } AF_INET = 2 SOCK_STREAM = 1 IPPROTO_TCP = 6 socket := DllCall("Ws2_32\socket", "Int", AF_INET, "Int", SOCK_STREAM, "Int", IPPROTO_TCP) if socket = -1 { MsgBox % "socket() indicated Winsock error " . DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAGetLastError") return -1 } SizeOfSocketAddress = 16 VarSetCapacity(SocketAddress, SizeOfSocketAddress) InsertInteger(2, SocketAddress, 0, AF_INET) InsertInteger(DllCall("Ws2_32\htons", "UShort", Port), SocketAddress, 2, 2) InsertInteger(DllCall("Ws2_32\inet_addr", "Str", IPAddress), SocketAddress, 4, 4) if DllCall("Ws2_32\bind", "UInt", socket, "UInt", &SocketAddress, "Int", SizeOfSocketAddress) { MsgBox % "bind() indicated Winsock error " . DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAGetLastError") . "?" return -1 } if DllCall("Ws2_32\listen", "UInt", socket, "UInt", "SOMAXCONN") { MsgBox % "LISTEN() indicated Winsock error " . DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAGetLastError") . "?" return -1 } return socket
}
ReceiveData(wParam, lParam) {
global DataReceived global NewData global mydata global ConnectionList socket := wParam ReceivedDataSize = 4096 Loop { VarSetCapacity(ReceivedData, ReceivedDataSize, 0) ReceivedDataLength := DllCall("Ws2_32\recv", "UInt", socket, "Str", ReceivedData, "Int", ReceivedDataSize, "Int", 0)
if ReceivedDataLength = 0
{ StringReplace, ConnectionList, ConnectionList, %socket%`n DllCall("Ws2_32\closesocket", "UInt", socket) } if ReceivedDataLength = -1 { WinsockError := DllCall("Ws2_32\WSAGetLastError") if WinsockError = 10035 { DataReceived = %TempDataReceived% NewData := true return 1 } if WinsockError <> 10054 { MsgBox % "recv() indicated Winsock error " . WinsockError StringReplace, ConnectionList, ConnectionList, %socket%`n DllCall("Ws2_32\closesocket", "UInt", socket) } } mydata := ReceivedData gosub myreceive
if (A_Index = 1)
TempDataReceived = TempDataReceived = %TempDataReceived%%ReceivedData% } return 1
}
ExitData(wParam, lParam) {
global ConnectionList socket := wParam ReceivedDataSize = 16 VarSetCapacity(ReceivedData, ReceivedDataSize, 0) ReceivedDataLength := DllCall("Ws2_32\recv", "UInt", socket, "Str", ReceivedData, "Int", ReceivedDataSize, "Int", 0) StringReplace, ConnectionList, ConnectionList, %socket%`n DllCall("Ws2_32\closesocket", "UInt", socket) return 1
}
SendData(wParam,SendData) {
SendDataSize := VarSetCapacity(SendData) SendDataSize += 1 Loop, parse, wParam, `n { If A_LoopField = Continue socket := A_LoopField sendret := DllCall("Ws2_32\send", "UInt", socket, "Str", SendData, "Int", SendDatasize, "Int", 0) }
}
InsertInteger(pInteger, ByRef pDest, pOffset = 0, pSize = 4)
{
Loop %pSize% DllCall("RtlFillMemory", "UInt", &pDest + pOffset + A_Index-1, "UInt", 1, "UChar", pInteger >> 8*(A_Index-1) & 0xFF)
}
NewConnectionCheck: ConnectionCheck := DllCall("Ws2_32\accept", "UInt", socket,
"UInt", &SocketAddress, "Int", SizeOfSocketAddress)
if ConnectionCheck > 1
ConnectionList = %ConnectionList%%ConnectionCheck%`n
Return
SendProcedure: If ConnectionList <> {
SendText = %A_Hour%:%A_Min%:%A_Sec% SendData(ConnectionList,SendText)
} Return
myreceive:
TrayTip, server, %mydata%, ,16 return
GuiClose: ExitSub: DllCall("Ws2_32\WSACleanup") ExitApp</lang> A client is also available for testing this code.
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> INSTALL @lib$+"SOCKLIB"
PROC_initsockets maxSess% = 8 DIM sock%(maxSess%-1), rcvd$(maxSess%-1), Buffer% 255 ON ERROR PRINT REPORT$ : PROC_exitsockets : END ON CLOSE PROC_exitsockets : QUIT crlf$ = CHR$13 + CHR$10 port$ = "12321" host$ = FN_gethostname PRINT "Host name is " host$ listen% = FN_tcplisten(host$, port$) PRINT "Listening on port ";port$ REPEAT socket% = FN_check_connection(listen%) IF socket% THEN FOR i% = 0 TO maxSess%-1 IF sock%(i%) = 0 THEN sock%(i%) = socket% rcvd$(i%) = "" PRINT "Connection on socket "; sock%(i%) " opened" EXIT FOR ENDIF NEXT i% listen% = FN_tcplisten(host$, port$) ENDIF FOR i% = 0 TO maxSess%-1 IF sock%(i%) THEN res% = FN_readsocket(sock%(i%), Buffer%, 256) IF res% >= 0 THEN Buffer%?res% = 0 rcvd$(i%) += $$Buffer% crlf% = INSTR(rcvd$(i%), crlf$) IF crlf% THEN echo$ = LEFT$(rcvd$(i%), crlf%-1) res% = FN_writelinesocket(sock%(i%), echo$) rcvd$(i%) = MID$(rcvd$(i%), crlf%+2) ENDIF ELSE PROC_closesocket(sock%(i%)) PRINT "Connection on socket " ; sock%(i%) " closed" sock%(i%) = 0 ENDIF ENDIF NEXT i% WAIT 0 UNTIL FALSE END</lang>
Sample output:
Host name is PC236 Listening on port 12321 Connection on socket 1016 opened Connection on socket 1012 opened Connection on socket 1016 closed Connection on socket 1016 opened Connection on socket 1016 closed Connection on socket 1012 closed
C
This is a rather standard code (details apart); the reference guide for such a code is the Beej's Guide to Network programming. The dependency from POSIX is mainly in the use of the read and write functions, (using the socket as a file descriptor sometimes make things simpler).
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <string.h>
- include <errno.h>
- include <sys/types.h>
- include <sys/socket.h>
- include <netdb.h>
- include <unistd.h>
- include <sys/wait.h>
- include <signal.h>
- define MAX_ENQUEUED 20
- define BUF_LEN 256
- define PORT_STR "12321"
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* How to clean up after dead child processes */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
void wait_for_zombie(int s) {
while(waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0) ;
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* Core of implementation of a child process */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
void echo_lines(int csock) {
char buf[BUF_LEN]; int r;
while( (r = read(csock, buf, BUF_LEN)) > 0 ) { (void)write(csock, buf, r); } exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* Core of implementation of the parent process */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
void take_connections_forever(int ssock) {
for(;;) { struct sockaddr addr; socklen_t addr_size = sizeof(addr); int csock;
/* Block until we take one connection to the server socket */ csock = accept(ssock, &addr, &addr_size);
/* If it was a successful connection, spawn a worker process to service it */ if ( csock == -1 ) { perror("accept"); } else if ( fork() == 0 ) { close(ssock); echo_lines(csock); } else { close(csock); } }
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* The server process's one-off setup code */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
int main() {
struct addrinfo hints, *res; struct sigaction sa; int sock;
/* Look up the address to bind to */ memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo)); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; if ( getaddrinfo(NULL, PORT_STR, &hints, &res) != 0 ) { perror("getaddrinfo"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
/* Make a socket */ if ( (sock = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol)) == -1 ) { perror("socket"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
/* Arrange to clean up child processes (the workers) */ sa.sa_handler = wait_for_zombie; sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask); sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; if ( sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1 ) { perror("sigaction"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
/* Associate the socket with its address */ if ( bind(sock, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) != 0 ) { perror("bind"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
freeaddrinfo(res);
/* State that we've opened a server socket and are listening for connections */ if ( listen(sock, MAX_ENQUEUED) != 0 ) { perror("listen"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
/* Serve the listening socket until killed */ take_connections_forever(sock); return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}</lang>
C#
<lang csharp>using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Threading;
namespace ConsoleApplication1 {
class Program { static TcpListener listen; static Thread serverthread;
static void Main(string[] args) { listen = new TcpListener(System.Net.IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 12321); serverthread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DoListen)); serverthread.Start(); }
private static void DoListen() { // Listen listen.Start(); Console.WriteLine("Server: Started server");
while (true) { Console.WriteLine("Server: Waiting..."); TcpClient client = listen.AcceptTcpClient(); Console.WriteLine("Server: Waited");
// New thread with client Thread clientThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(DoClient)); clientThread.Start(client); } }
private static void DoClient(object client) { // Read data TcpClient tClient = (TcpClient)client;
Console.WriteLine("Client (Thread: {0}): Connected!", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); do { if (!tClient.Connected) { tClient.Close(); Thread.CurrentThread.Abort(); // Kill thread. }
if (tClient.Available > 0) { // Resend byte pByte = (byte)tClient.GetStream().ReadByte(); Console.WriteLine("Client (Thread: {0}): Data {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, pByte); tClient.GetStream().WriteByte(pByte); }
// Pause Thread.Sleep(100); } while (true); } }
}</lang>
Clojure
<lang lisp>(use '[clojure.contrib.server-socket :only (create-server)]) (use '[clojure.contrib.duck-streams :only (read-lines write-lines)])
(defn echo [input output]
(write-lines (java.io.PrintWriter. output true) (read-lines input)))
(create-server 12321 echo)</lang>
Note here that an auto-flushing PrintWriter needs to be created, otherwise 'output' could simply be passed to write-lines.
CoffeeScript
<lang coffeescript> net = require("net") server = net.createServer (conn) ->
console.log "Connection from #{conn.remoteAddress} on port #{conn.remotePort}" conn.setEncoding "utf8" buffer = "" conn.on "data", (data) -> i = 0
while i <= data.length char = data.charAt(i) buffer += char if char is "\n" conn.write buffer buffer = "" i++
server.listen 12321, "localhost" </lang>
Common Lisp
Here is a basic :usocket example (it should work with any Common Lisp):
<lang lisp>(ql:quickload (list :usocket)) (defpackage :echo (:use :cl :usocket)) (in-package :echo)
(defun read-all (stream)
(loop for char = (read-char-no-hang stream nil :eof) until (or (null char) (eq char :eof)) collect char into msg finally (return (values msg char))))
(defun echo-server (port &optional (log-stream *standard-output*))
(let ((connections (list (socket-listen "127.0.0.1" port :reuse-address t)))) (unwind-protect
(loop (loop for ready in (wait-for-input connections :ready-only t) do (if (typep ready 'stream-server-usocket) (push (socket-accept ready) connections) (let* ((stream (socket-stream ready)) (msg (concatenate 'string "You said: " (read-all stream)))) (format log-stream "Got message...~%") (write-string msg stream) (socket-close ready) (setf connections (remove ready connections))))))
(loop for c in connections do (loop while (socket-close c))))))
(echo-server 12321) </lang>
It's single threaded, so you can't REPL around with a running server. You'll need to start a second Lisp prompt, load the above and
<lang lisp>(defun echo-send (message port)
(with-client-socket (sock str "127.0.0.1" port) (write-string message str) (force-output str) (when (wait-for-input sock :timeout 5) (coerce (read-all str) 'string))))
(echo-send "Hello echo!" 12321) </lang>
The return value of that call should be "You said: Hello echo!".
The usocket library notwithstanding, sockets are not a standard part of Common Lisp, but many implementations provide them. Here is a CLISP-specific example:
<lang lisp>(defvar *clients* '()
"This is a list of (socket :input status) which is used with
`socket:socket-status' to test for data ready on a socket.")
(defun echo-server (port)
"Listen on `port' for new client connections and for data arriving on
any existing client connections"
(let ((server (socket:socket-server port))) (format t "Echo service listening on port ~a:~d~%" (socket:socket-server-host server) (socket:socket-server-port server)) (unwind-protect (loop (when (socket:socket-status server 0 1) (echo-accept-client (socket:socket-accept server :external-format :dos :buffered t))) (when *clients* (socket:socket-status *clients* 0 1) (mapcar #'(lambda (client) (when (eq :input (cddr client)) (echo-service-client (car client))) (when (eq :eof (cddr client)) (echo-close-client (car client)))) *clients*))) (socket-server-close server))))
(defun echo-accept-client (socket)
"Accept a new client connection and add it to the watch list." (multiple-value-bind (host port) (socket:socket-stream-peer socket) (format t "Connect from ~a:~d~%" host port)) (push (list socket :input nil) *clients*))
(defun echo-service-client (socket)
(let ((line (read-line socket nil nil))) (princ line socket) (finish-output socket)))
(defun echo-close-client (socket)
"Close a client connection and remove it from the watch list." (multiple-value-bind (host port) (socket:socket-stream-peer socket) (format t "Closing connection from ~a:~d~%" host port)) (close socket) (setq *clients* (remove socket *clients* :key #'car)))
(echo-server 12321)</lang>
D
This is a very basic server that processes the buffers one character at a time. In a real-world application, the buffers would be larger. More seriously, it processes one listener at a time. If the currSock.receive()
blocks, the loop will not process other clients. This opens the door for a trivial denial-of-service attack. A realistic echo service must multiplex clients.
<lang d>import std.array, std.socket;
void main() {
auto listener = new TcpSocket; assert(listener.isAlive); listener.bind(new InternetAddress(12321)); listener.listen(10);
Socket currSock; uint bytesRead; ubyte[1] buff;
while (true) { currSock = listener.accept(); while ((bytesRead = currSock.receive(buff)) > 0) currSock.send(buff); currSock.close(); buff.clear(); }
}</lang>
This example will handle many connections. <lang d>import std.stdio, std.socket, std.array;
void main() {
enum ushort port = 7; enum int backlog = 10; enum int max_connections = 60; enum BUFFER_SIZE = 16;
auto listener = new TcpSocket; assert(listener.isAlive); listener.bind(new InternetAddress(port)); listener.listen(backlog); debug writeln("Listening on port ", port);
// Room for listener. auto sset = new SocketSet(max_connections + 1);
Socket[] sockets; char[BUFFER_SIZE] buf;
for (;; sset.reset()) { sset.add(listener); foreach (each; sockets) sset.add(each);
// Update socket set with only those sockets that have data // avaliable for reading. Options are for read, write, // and error. Socket.select(sset, null, null);
// Read the data from each socket remaining, and handle // the request. for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
NEXT:
if (i == sockets.length) break; if (sset.isSet(sockets[i])) { int read = sockets[i].receive(buf); if (Socket.ERROR == read) { debug writeln("Connection error."); goto SOCK_DOWN; } else if (read == 0) { debug { try { // If the connection closed due to an // error, remoteAddress() could fail. writefln("Connection from %s closed.", sockets[i].remoteAddress() .toString()); } catch (SocketException) { writeln("Connection closed."); } }
SOCK_DOWN:
sockets[i].close(); //Release socket resources now.
// Remove from socket from sockets, and id from // threads. if (i != sockets.length - 1) sockets[i] = sockets.back; sockets.length--; debug writeln("\tTotal connections: ", sockets.length); goto NEXT; // -i- is still the NEXT index. } else { debug writefln("Received %d bytes from %s:" ~ "\n-----\n%s\n-----", read, sockets[i].remoteAddress().toString(), buf[0 .. read]);
// Echo what was sent. sockets[i].send(buf[0 .. read]); } } }
// Connection request. if (sset.isSet(listener)) { Socket sn; try { if (sockets.length < max_connections) { sn = listener.accept(); debug writefln("Connection from %s established.", sn.remoteAddress().toString()); assert(sn.isAlive); assert(listener.isAlive); sockets ~= sn; debug writefln("\tTotal connections: %d", sockets.length); } else { sn = listener.accept(); debug writefln("Rejected connection from %s;" ~ " too many connections.", sn.remoteAddress().toString()); assert(sn.isAlive); sn.close(); assert(!sn.isAlive); assert(listener.isAlive); } } catch (Exception e) { debug writefln("Error accepting: %s", e.toString()); if (sn) sn.close(); } } }
}</lang>
Delphi
<lang Delphi>program EchoServer;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses SysUtils, IdContext, IdTCPServer;
type
TEchoServer = class private FTCPServer: TIdTCPServer; public constructor Create; destructor Destroy; override; procedure TCPServerExecute(AContext: TIdContext); end;
constructor TEchoServer.Create; begin
FTCPServer := TIdTCPServer.Create(nil); FTCPServer.DefaultPort := 12321; FTCPServer.OnExecute := TCPServerExecute; FTCPServer.Active := True;
end;
destructor TEchoServer.Destroy; begin
FTCPServer.Active := False; FTCPServer.Free; inherited Destroy;
end;
procedure TEchoServer.TCPServerExecute(AContext: TIdContext); var
lCmdLine: string;
begin
lCmdLine := AContext.Connection.IOHandler.ReadLn; Writeln('>' + lCmdLine); AContext.Connection.IOHandler.Writeln('>' + lCmdLine);
if SameText(lCmdLine, 'QUIT') then begin AContext.Connection.IOHandler.Writeln('Disconnecting'); AContext.Connection.Disconnect; end;
end;
var
lEchoServer: TEchoServer;
begin
lEchoServer := TEchoServer.Create; try Writeln('Delphi Echo Server'); Writeln('Press Enter to quit'); Readln; finally lEchoServer.Free; end;
end.</lang>
Erlang
<lang erlang>-module(echo). -export([start/0]).
start() ->
spawn(fun () -> {ok, Sock} = gen_tcp:listen(12321, [{packet, line}]), echo_loop(Sock) end).
echo_loop(Sock) ->
{ok, Conn} = gen_tcp:accept(Sock), io:format("Got connection: ~p~n", [Conn]), Handler = spawn(fun () -> handle(Conn) end), gen_tcp:controlling_process(Conn, Handler), echo_loop(Sock).
handle(Conn) ->
receive {tcp, Conn, Data} -> gen_tcp:send(Conn, Data), handle(Conn); {tcp_closed, Conn} -> io:format("Connection closed: ~p~n", [Conn]) end.</lang>
F#
<lang fsharp>open System.IO open System.Net open System.Net.Sockets
let service (client:TcpClient) =
use stream = client.GetStream() use out = new StreamWriter(stream, AutoFlush = true) use inp = new StreamReader(stream) while not inp.EndOfStream do match inp.ReadLine() with | line -> printfn "< %s" line out.WriteLine(line) printfn "closed %A" client.Client.RemoteEndPoint client.Close |> ignore
let EchoService =
let socket = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback, 12321) do socket.Start() printfn "echo service listening on %A" socket.Server.LocalEndPoint while true do let client = socket.AcceptTcpClient() printfn "connect from %A" client.Client.RemoteEndPoint let job = async { use c = client in try service client with _ -> () } Async.Start job
[<EntryPoint>] let main _ =
EchoService 0</lang>
Factor
Connections get logged to /place-where-factor-is/logs/echo-server
.
<lang factor>USING: accessors io io.encodings.utf8 io.servers io.sockets threads ;
IN: rosetta.echo
CONSTANT: echo-port 12321
- handle-client ( -- )
[ print flush ] each-line ;
- <echo-server> ( -- threaded-server )
utf8 <threaded-server> "echo server" >>name echo-port >>insecure [ handle-client ] >>handler ;
- start-echo-server ( -- )
<echo-server> [ start-server ] in-thread start-server drop ;
</lang>
Forth
<lang forth>include unix/socket.fs
128 constant size
- (echo) ( sock buf -- sock buf )
begin cr ." waiting..." 2dup 2dup size read-socket nip dup 0> while ." got: " 2dup type rot write-socket repeat drop drop drop ;
create buf size allot
- echo-server ( port -- )
cr ." Listening on " dup . create-server dup 4 listen begin dup accept-socket cr ." Connection!" buf ['] (echo) catch cr ." Disconnected (" . ." )" drop close-socket again ;
12321 echo-server</lang> TODO: use tasker.fs and non-blocking semantics to handle mutliple connections
Go
<lang go>package main
import ( "fmt" "net" "bufio" )
func echo(s net.Conn, i int) { defer s.Close();
fmt.Printf("%d: %v <-> %v\n", i, s.LocalAddr(), s.RemoteAddr()) b := bufio.NewReader(s) for { line, e := b.ReadBytes('\n') if e != nil { break } s.Write(line) } fmt.Printf("%d: closed\n", i) }
func main() { l, e := net.Listen("tcp", ":12321") for i := 0; e == nil; i++ { var s net.Conn s, e = l.Accept() go echo(s, i) } }</lang>
Haskell
<lang haskell>module Main where import Network (withSocketsDo, accept, listenOn, sClose, PortID(PortNumber)) import Control.Monad (forever) import System.IO (hGetLine, hPutStrLn, hFlush, hClose) import System.IO.Error (isEOFError) import Control.Concurrent (forkIO) import Control.Exception (bracket)
-- For convenience in testing, ensure that the listen socket is closed if the main loop is aborted withListenOn port body = bracket (listenOn port) sClose body
echo (handle, host, port) = catch (forever doOneLine) stop where
doOneLine = do line <- hGetLine handle print (host, port, init line) hPutStrLn handle line hFlush handle stop error = do putStrLn $ "Closed connection from " ++ show (host, port) ++ " due to " ++ show error hClose handle
main = withSocketsDo $
withListenOn (PortNumber 12321) $ \listener -> forever $ do acc@(_, host, port) <- accept listener putStrLn $ "Accepted connection from " ++ show (host, port) forkIO (echo acc)</lang>
Icon and Unicon
The following is Unicon-specific: <lang unicon>global mlck, nCons
procedure main()
mlck := mutex() nCons := 0 while f := open(":12321","na") do { handle_client(f) critical mlck: if nCons <= 0 then close(f) }
end
procedure handle_client(f)
critical mlck: nCons +:= 1 thread { select(f,1000) & repeat writes(f,reads(f)) critical mlck: nCons -:= 1 }
end</lang>
Java
<lang java>import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket;
public class EchoServer { ServerSocket serverSocket; public EchoServer(){ }
public void start() { try { serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12321); while(true){ Thread clientThread = new Thread(new ClientHandler(serverSocket.accept())); clientThread.start(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { System.out.println("closing server socket"); serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
}
public static void main(String[] args) { EchoServer es = new EchoServer(); es.start(); } }
class ClientHandler implements Runnable { private static int numConnections; private int connectionId = 0; Socket clientSocket;
public ClientHandler(Socket s) { connectionId = numConnections++; System.out.println("handling connection, #" + connectionId); clientSocket = s; }
public void run() { PrintWriter out = null; BufferedReader in = null; try { out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true); in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream())); String inputLine, outputLine; while((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null){ outputLine = inputLine; System.out.println("received: " + outputLine); out.write(outputLine+"\n"); out.flush(); if (outputLine.equals("exit")) break; } } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { out.close(); try { in.close(); clientSocket.close(); System.out.println("closing connection, #" + connectionId); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }</lang>
JavaScript
<lang javascript>var net = require('net');
var server = net.createServer(function(conn) {
console.log("Connection from " + conn.remoteAddress + " on port " + conn.remotePort); conn.setEncoding("utf8"); var buffer = "";
conn.on("data", function(data) { for(var i = 0; i <= data.length; i++) { var char = data.charAt(i); buffer += char; if(char == "\n") { conn.write(buffer); buffer = ""; } } });
});
server.listen(12321, "localhost");</lang>
LFE
Paste into the LFE REPL: <lang lisp> (defun start ()
(spawn (lambda () (let ((`#(ok ,socket) (gen_tcp:listen 12321 `(#(packet line))))) (echo-loop socket)))))
(defun echo-loop (socket)
(let* ((`#(ok ,conn) (gen_tcp:accept socket)) (handler (spawn (lambda () (handle conn))))) (lfe_io:format "Got connection: ~p~n" (list conn)) (gen_tcp:controlling_process conn handler) (echo-loop socket)))
(defun handle (conn)
(receive (`#(tcp ,conn ,data) (gen_tcp:send conn data)) (`#(tcp_closed ,conn) (lfe_io:format "Connection closed: ~p~n" (list conn)))))
</lang>
Usage:
> (set server (start)) <0.38.0> > (! server "hey!") "hey!" > (! server "wassup?") "wassup?"
Lua
This implementation doesn't rely on coroutines because they're an additional (often confusing) notion that could make the example needlessly hard to understand. Instead it uses a table of not-quite-non-blocking socket client objects (they block for one microsecond), which is iterated over to check on whether each one has either a line to echo or an error to warrant deletion. <lang Lua>require("socket")
function checkOn (client)
local line, err = client:receive() if line then print(tostring(client) .. " said " .. line) client:send(line .. "\n") end if err and err ~= "timeout" then print(tostring(client) .. " " .. err) client:close() return err end return nil
end
local delay, clients, newClient = 10^-6, {} local server = assert(socket.bind("*", 12321)) server:settimeout(delay) print("Server started") while 1 do
repeat newClient = server:accept() for k, v in pairs(clients) do if checkOn(v) then table.remove(clients, k) end end until newClient newClient:settimeout(delay) print(tostring(newClient) .. " connected") table.insert(clients, newClient)
end</lang> Without the microsecond delays, the whole thing would become one 'hot' loop and eat all the CPU time for one core. With them, it uses close to zero percent.
Nim
<lang nim>import asyncnet, asyncdispatch
proc processClient(client: AsyncSocket) {.async.} =
while true: let line = await client.recvLine() await client.send(line & "\c\L")
proc serve() {.async.} =
var server = newAsyncSocket() server.bindAddr(Port(12321)) server.listen()
while true: let client = await server.accept() discard processClient(client)
discard serve() runForever()</lang>
Objeck
<lang objeck> use Net; use Concurrency;
bundle Default {
class SocketServer { id : static : Int;
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { server := TCPSocketServer->New(12321); if(server->Listen(5)) { while(true) { client := server->Accept(); service := Service->New(id->ToString()); service->Execute(client); id += 1; }; }; server->Close(); } }
class Service from Thread { New(name : String) { Parent(name); }
method : public : Run(param : Base) ~ Nil { client := param->As(TCPSocket); line := client->ReadString(); while(line->Size() > 0) { line->PrintLine(); line := client->ReadString(); }; } }
} </lang>
Oz
<lang oz>declare
ServerSocket = {New Open.socket init}
proc {Echo Socket} case {Socket getS($)} of false then skip [] Line then {System.showInfo "Received line: "#Line} {Socket write(vs:Line#"\n")} {Echo Socket} end end
class TextSocket from Open.socket Open.text end
in
{ServerSocket bind(takePort:12321)} {System.showInfo "Socket bound."}
{ServerSocket listen} {System.showInfo "Started listening."}
for do ClientHost ClientPort ClientSocket = {ServerSocket accept(accepted:$
acceptClass:TextSocket host:?ClientHost port:?ClientPort )}
in {System.showInfo "Connection accepted from "#ClientHost#":"#ClientPort#"."} thread {Echo ClientSocket}
{System.showInfo "Connection lost: "#ClientHost#":"#ClientPort#"."}
{ClientSocket close} end end</lang>
Client test code: <lang oz>declare
Socket = {New class $ from Open.socket Open.text end init}
in
{Socket connect(port:12321)} {Socket write(vs:"Hello\n")} {System.showInfo "Client received: "#{Socket getS($)}} {Socket close}</lang>
Example session:
Socket bound. Started listening. Connection accepted from localhost:2048. Received line: Hello Client received: Hello Connection lost: localhost:2048.
Perl
This server will run indefinitely listening in the port 12321 and forking every time a client connects, the childs listen to the client and write back.
This is an example using the IO::Socket module: <lang perl>use IO::Socket; my $use_fork = 1;
my $sock = new IO::Socket::INET (
LocalHost => '127.0.0.1', LocalPort => '12321', Proto => 'tcp', Listen => 1, # maximum queued connections Reuse => 1, )
or die "socket: $!"; # no newline, so perl appends stuff
$SIG{CHLD} = 'IGNORE' if $use_fork; # let perl deal with zombies
print "listening...\n"; while (1) { # declare $con 'my' so it's closed by parent every loop
my $con = $sock->accept()
or die "accept: $!"; fork and next if $use_fork; # following are for child only
print "incoming..\n"; print $con $_ while(<$con>); # read each line and write back print "done\n";
last if $use_fork; # if not forking, loop }
- child will reach here and close its copy of $sock before exit</lang>
This is an equivalent program using the Net::Server module: <lang perl>package Echo; use base 'Net::Server::Fork'; sub process_request {
print while <STDIN>;
} Echo->run(port => 12321, log_level => 3);</lang> It also prints the IP address and port number of every connection.
This is a more complicated example using preforking: <lang perl>package Echo; use base 'Net::Server::PreFork'; sub process_request {
print while <STDIN>;
} Echo->run(port => 12321, log_level => 3);</lang> By default it spawns 5 child processes at startup, makes sure there are always at least 2 and at most 10 spare children available for new requests, each of which will be killed after processing 1000 requests and new ones will take their place.
Perl 6
<lang perl6>my $socket = IO::Socket::INET.new:
localhost => 'localhost', localport => 12321, listen => 1;
while $socket.accept -> $conn {
say "Accepted connection"; start { while $conn.recv -> $stuff { say "Echoing $stuff"; $conn.print($stuff); } $conn.close; }
}</lang>
PHP
<lang PHP>$socket = socket_create(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,SOL_TCP); socket_bind($socket, '127.0.0.1', 12321); socket_listen($socket);
$client_count = 0; while (true){
if (($client = socket_accept($socket)) === false) continue; $client_count++;
$client_name = 'Unknown'; socket_getpeername($client, $client_name); echo "Client {$client_count} ({$client_name}) connected\n"; $pid = pcntl_fork(); if($pid == -1) die('Could not fork'); if($pid){ pcntl_waitpid(-1, $status, WNOHANG); continue; }
//In a child process while(true){ if($input = socket_read($client, 1024)){ socket_write($client, $input); } else { socket_shutdown($client); socket_close($client); echo "Client {$client_count} ({$client_name}) disconnected\n"; exit(); } }
}</lang>
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(setq Port (port 12321))
(loop
(setq Sock (listen Port)) # Listen (NIL (fork) (close Port)) # Accepted (close Sock) ) # Parent: Close socket and continue
- Child:
(prinl (stamp) " -- (Pid " *Pid ") Client connected from " *Adr)
(in Sock
(until (eof) # Echo lines (out Sock (prinl (line))) ) )
(prinl (stamp) " -- (Pid " *Pid ") Client disconnected") (bye) # Terminate child</lang>
PureBasic
<lang Purebasic>NewMap RecData.s() OpenWindow(0, 100, 200, 200, 100, "Echo Server", #PB_Window_SystemMenu | #PB_Window_MinimizeGadget ) InitNetwork() CreateNetworkServer(1, 12321)
Repeat
Event = NetworkServerEvent() ClientID = EventClient() If Event = #PB_NetworkEvent_Connect ; When a new client has been connected... AddMapElement(RecData(), Str(ClientID)) ElseIf Event = #PB_NetworkEvent_Data *Buffer = AllocateMemory(20000) count = ReceiveNetworkData(ClientID, *Buffer, 20000) For i = 1 To count RecData(Str(ClientID)) + Mid( PeekS(*Buffer, count), i , 1) If Right( RecData(Str(ClientID)), 2) = #CRLF$ SendNetworkString (ClientID, RecData(Str(ClientID))) Debug IPString(GetClientIP(ClientID)) + ":" + Str(GetClientPort(ClientID)) + " " + RecData(Str(ClientID)) RecData(Str(ClientID)) = "" EndIf Next FreeMemory(*Buffer) ElseIf Event = #PB_NetworkEvent_Disconnect ; When a client has closed the connection... DeleteMapElement(RecData(), Str(ClientID)) EndIf
Event = WaitWindowEvent(10)
Until Event = #PB_Event_CloseWindow</lang>
Python
<lang python>import SocketServer
HOST = "localhost" PORT = 12321
- this server uses ThreadingMixIn - one thread per connection
- replace with ForkMixIn to spawn a new process per connection
class EchoServer(SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn, SocketServer.TCPServer):
# no need to override anything - default behavior is just fine pass
class EchoRequestHandler(SocketServer.StreamRequestHandler):
""" Handles one connection to the client. """ def handle(self): print "connection from %s" % self.client_address[0] while True: line = self.rfile.readline() if not line: break print "%s wrote: %s" % (self.client_address[0], line.rstrip()) self.wfile.write(line) print "%s disconnected" % self.client_address[0]
- Create the server
server = EchoServer((HOST, PORT), EchoRequestHandler)
- Activate the server; this will keep running until you
- interrupt the program with Ctrl-C
print "server listening on %s:%s" % server.server_address server.serve_forever()</lang>
Racket
An example echo server from the front page of the Racket website: <lang racket>
- lang racket
(define listener (tcp-listen 12321)) (define (mk-server)
(let echo-server () (define-values (in out) (tcp-accept listener)) (thread (λ () (copy-port in out) (close-output-port out))) (echo-server)))
(mk-server)</lang>
REALbasic
This example uses the built-in ServerSocket class to handle multiple users. <lang vb> Class EchoSocket Inherits TCPSocket
Sub DataAvailable() If Instr(Me.LookAhead, EndofLine.Windows) > 0 Then Dim data As String = Me.ReadAll Dim lines() As String = Split(data, EndofLine.Windows) For i As Integer = 0 To Ubound(lines) Me.Write(lines(i) + EndOfLine.Windows) Print(lines(i)) Next End If End Sub
End Class
Class EchoServer Inherits ServerSocket
Function AddSocket() As TCPSocket Return New EchoSocket End Function
End Class
Class App Inherits ConsoleApplication
Function Run(args() As String) As Integer Listener = New EchoServer Listener.Port = 12321 Listener.Listen() While True DoEvents() 'pump the event loop Wend End Function Private Listener As EchoServer
End Class </lang>
REBOL
<lang rebol>server-port: open/lines tcp://:12321 forever [
connection-port: first server-port until [ wait connection-port error? try [insert connection-port first connection-port] ] close connection-port
] close server-port</lang>
Ruby
<lang ruby>require 'socket' server = TCPServer.new(12321)
while (connection = server.accept)
Thread.new(connection) do |conn| port, host = conn.peeraddr[1,2] client = "#{host}:#{port}" puts "#{client} is connected" begin loop do line = conn.readline puts "#{client} says: #{line}" conn.puts(line) end rescue EOFError conn.close puts "#{client} has disconnected" end end
end</lang>
Ruby 1.9.2 introduced an alternate method to create TCP server sockets. The Socket.tcp_server_loop
method encapsulates the guts of the server into a block.
<lang ruby>require 'socket'
Socket.tcp_server_loop(12321) do |conn, addr|
Thread.new do client = "#{addr.ip_address}:#{addr.ip_port}" puts "#{client} is connected" begin loop do line = conn.readline puts "#{client} says: #{line}" conn.puts(line) end rescue EOFError conn.close puts "#{client} has disconnected" end end
end</lang>
Rust
<lang rust> use std::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream}; use std::io::{BufReader, BufRead, Write}; use std::thread;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:12321").unwrap(); println!("server is running on 127.0.0.1:12321 ..."); for stream in listener.incoming() { let stream = stream.unwrap(); thread::spawn(move || handle_client(stream)); }
}
fn handle_client(stream: TcpStream) {
let mut stream = BufReader::new(stream); loop { let mut buf = String::new(); if stream.read_line(&mut buf).is_err() { break; } stream .get_ref() .write(buf.as_bytes()) .unwrap(); }
} </lang>
Scheme
Based on the Guile Internet Socket Server Example. <lang scheme>; Needed in Guile for read-line (use-modules (ice-9 rdelim))
- Variable used to hold child PID returned from forking
(define child #f)
- Start listening on port 12321 for connections from any address
(let ((s (socket PF_INET SOCK_STREAM 0)))
(setsockopt s SOL_SOCKET SO_REUSEADDR 1) (bind s AF_INET INADDR_ANY 12321) (listen s 5) ; Queue size of 5
(simple-format #t "Listening for clients in pid: ~S" (getpid)) (newline)
- Wait for connections forever
(while #t (let* ((client-connection (accept s)) (client-details (cdr client-connection)) (client (car client-connection)))
- Once something connects fork
(set! child (primitive-fork)) (if (zero? child) (begin
- Then have child fork to avoid zombie children (grandchildren aren't our responsibility)
(set! child (primitive-fork)) (if (zero? child) (begin
- Display some connection details
(simple-format #t "Got new client connection: ~S" client-details) (newline) (simple-format #t "Client address: ~S" (gethostbyaddr (sockaddr:addr client-details))) (newline)
- Wait for input from client and then echo the input back forever (or until client quits)
(do ((line (read-line client)(read-line client))) ((zero? 1)) (display line client)(newline client))))
- Child exits after spawning grandchild.
(primitive-exit))
- Parent waits for child to finish spawning grandchild
(waitpid child)))))</lang>
Seed7
The code below uses the library listener.s7i. The function waitForRequest returns requests from new and existing connections.
<lang Seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "socket.s7i"; include "listener.s7i";
const proc: main is func
local var listener: aListener is listener.value; var file: existingConnection is STD_NULL; var file: newConnection is STD_NULL; begin aListener := openInetListener(12321); listen(aListener, 10); while TRUE do waitForRequest(aListener, existingConnection, newConnection); if existingConnection <> STD_NULL then if eof(existingConnection) then writeln("Close connection " <& numericAddress(address(existingConnection)) <& " port " <& port(existingConnection)); close(existingConnection); else write(existingConnection, gets(existingConnection, 1024)); end if; end if; if newConnection <> STD_NULL then writeln("New connection " <& numericAddress(address(newConnection)) <& " port " <& port(newConnection)); end if; end while; end func;</lang>
Tcl
This code is single-threaded. It uses non-blocking I/O to perform the transfers, sitting on top of the event multiplexer system call (e.g., select()
on Unix) to decide when to take new connections or service a particular socket. This makes this into a very lightweight echo server in terms of overall system resources.
<lang tcl># How to handle an incoming new connection proc acceptEcho {chan host port} {
puts "opened connection from $host:$port" fconfigure $chan -blocking 0 -buffering line -translation crlf fileevent $chan readable [list echo $chan $host $port]
}
- How to handle an incoming message on a connection
proc echo {chan host port} {
if {[gets $chan line] >= 0} { puts $chan $line } elseif {[eof $chan]} { close $chan puts "closed connection from $host:$port" } # Other conditions causing a short read need no action
}
- Make the server socket and wait for connections
socket -server acceptEcho -myaddr localhost 12321 vwait forever</lang>
Alternative version
A more succinct version (though one harder to adapt to other kinds of services, but closer to the standard unix echo daemon since it has no line-buffering) is to use an asynchronous binary copy. <lang tcl># How to handle an incoming new connection proc acceptEcho {chan host port} {
puts "opened connection from $host:$port" fconfigure $chan -translation binary -buffering none fcopy $chan $chan -command [list done $chan $host $port]
}
- Called to finalize the connection
proc done {chan host port args} {
puts "closed connection from $host:$port" close $chan
}
- Make the server socket and wait for connections
socket -server acceptEcho -myaddr localhost 12321 vwait forever</lang>
zkl
<lang zkl>const PORT=12321; pipe:=Thread.Pipe(); // how server tells thread to connect to user
fcn echo(socket){ // a thread, one per connection
text:=Data(); while(t:=socket.read()){ text.append(t); if(text.find("\n",text.cursor)){ text.readln().print(); } } // socket was closed
}
// Set up the server socket.
server:=Network.TCPServerSocket.open(PORT); println("Listening on %s:%s".fmt(server.hostname,server.port)); server.listen(echo.launch); // Main event loop</lang>
- Output:
The next three windows overlap in time
//start the server $ zkl bbb Listening on Octavius:12321 hohothis is a test a different terminal ^\Quit
//on another terminal, run the REPL $ zkl zkl: var s=Network.TCPClientSocket.connectTo("localhost",12321); TCPClientSocket zkl: s.write("hoho") 4 zkl: s.write("this is a test\n") 15 zkl:
//and on a third terminal $ zkl zkl: var s=Network.TCPClientSocket.connectTo("localhost",12321); TCPClientSocket zkl: s.write("a different terminal\n") 21 zkl:
- Programming Tasks
- Networking and Web Interaction
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