Percentage difference between images
(Redirected from Percentage of difference between 2 images)
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Compute the percentage of difference between 2 JPEG images of the same size. Alternatively, compare two bitmaps as defined in basic bitmap storage.
Useful for comparing two JPEG images saved with a different compression ratios.
You can use these pictures for testing (use the full-size version of each):
| 50% quality JPEG | 100% quality JPEG |
|---|---|
|
|
| link to full size 50% image | link to full size 100% image |
The expected difference for these two images is 1.62125%
Ada
type Count is mod 2**64;
1-norm distance in the luminance space:
function "-" (Left, Right : Luminance) return Count is
begin
if Left > Right then
return Count (Left) - Count (Right);
else
return Count (Right) - Count (Left);
end if;
end "-";
1-norm distance in the color space multiplied to 3:
function "-" (Left, Right : Pixel) return Count is
begin
return (Left.R - Right.R) + (Left.G - Right.G) + (Left.B - Right.B);
end "-";
Mean of 1-norm distances. Constraint_Error is propagated when images have different size.
function Diff (Left, Right : Image) return Float is
Offs_I : constant Integer := Right'First (1) - Left'First (1);
Offs_J : constant Integer := Right'First (2) - Left'First (2);
Sum : Count := 0;
begin
if Left'Length (1) /= Right'Length (1) or else Left'Length (2) /= Right'Length (2) then
raise Constraint_Error;
end if;
for I in Left'Range (1) loop
for J in Left'Range (2) loop
Sum := Sum + (Left (I, J) - Right (I + Offs_I, J + Offs_J));
end loop;
end loop;
return Float (Sum) / (3.0 * Float (Left'Length (1) * Left'Length (2)));
end Diff;
Example of use:
F1, F2 : File_Type;
begin
Open (F1, In_File, "city.ppm");
Open (F2, In_File, "city_emboss.ppm");
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Diff" & Float'Image (Diff (Get_PPM (F1), Get_PPM (F2))));
Close (F1);
Close (F2);
AutoHotkey
uses gdip.ahk
startup()
dibSection := getPixels("lenna100.jpg")
dibSection2 := getPixels("lenna50.jpg") ; ("File-Lenna100.jpg")
pixels := dibSection.pBits
pixels2 := dibSection2.pBits
z := 0
loop % dibSection.width * dibSection.height * 4
{
x := numget(pixels - 1, A_Index, "uchar")
y := numget(pixels2 - 1, A_Index, "uchar")
z += abs(y - x)
}
msgbox % z / (dibSection.width * dibSection.height * 3 * 255 / 100 ) ; 1.626
return
CreateDIBSection2(hDC, nW, nH, bpp = 32, ByRef pBits = "")
{
dib := object()
NumPut(VarSetCapacity(bi, 40, 0), bi)
NumPut(nW, bi, 4)
NumPut(nH, bi, 8)
NumPut(bpp, NumPut(1, bi, 12, "UShort"), 0, "Ushort")
NumPut(0, bi,16)
hbm := DllCall("gdi32\CreateDIBSection", "Uint", hDC, "Uint", &bi, "Uint", 0, "UintP", pBits, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0)
dib.hbm := hbm
dib.pBits := pBits
dib.width := nW
dib.height := nH
dib.bpp := bpp
dib.header := header
Return dib
}
startup()
{
global disposables
disposables := object()
disposables.pBitmaps := object()
disposables.hBitmaps := object()
If !(disposables.pToken := Gdip_Startup())
{
MsgBox, 48, gdiplus error!, Gdiplus failed to start. Please ensure you have gdiplus on your system
ExitApp
}
OnExit, gdipExit
}
gdipExit:
loop % disposables.hBitmaps._maxindex()
DllCall("DeleteObject", "Uint", disposables.hBitmaps[A_Index])
Gdip_Shutdown(disposables.pToken)
ExitApp
getPixels(imageFile)
{
global disposables ; hBitmap will be disposed later
pBitmapFile1 := Gdip_CreateBitmapFromFile(imageFile)
hbmi := Gdip_CreateHBITMAPFromBitmap(pBitmapFile1)
width := Gdip_GetImageWidth(pBitmapFile1)
height := Gdip_GetImageHeight(pBitmapFile1)
mDCo := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "Uint", 0)
mDCi := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "Uint", 0)
dibSection := CreateDIBSection2(mDCo, width, height)
hBMo := dibSection.hbm
oBM := DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDCo, "Uint", hBMo)
iBM := DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDCi, "Uint", hbmi)
DllCall("BitBlt", "Uint", mDCo, "int", 0, "int", 0, "int", width, "int", height, "Uint", mDCi, "int", 0, "int", 0, "Uint", 0x40000000 | 0x00CC0020)
DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDCo, "Uint", oBM)
DllCall("DeleteDC", "Uint", 0, "Uint", mDCi)
DllCall("DeleteDC", "Uint", 0, "Uint", mDCo)
Gdip_DisposeImage(pBitmapFile1)
DllCall("DeleteObject", "Uint", hBMi)
disposables.hBitmaps._insert(hBMo)
return dibSection
}
#Include Gdip.ahk ; Thanks to tic (Tariq Porter) for his GDI+ Library
BBC BASIC
I would have preferred to calculate the RMS difference but it would be inconsistent with other results.
hbm1% = FNloadimage("C:lenna50.jpg")
hbm2% = FNloadimage("C:lenna100.jpg")
SYS "CreateCompatibleDC", @memhdc% TO hdc1%
SYS "CreateCompatibleDC", @memhdc% TO hdc2%
SYS "SelectObject", hdc1%, hbm1%
SYS "SelectObject", hdc2%, hbm2%
diff% = 0
FOR y% = 0 TO 511
FOR x% = 0 TO 511
SYS "GetPixel", hdc1%, x%, y% TO rgb1%
SYS "GetPixel", hdc2%, x%, y% TO rgb2%
diff% += ABS((rgb1% AND &FF) - (rgb2% AND &FF))
diff% += ABS((rgb1% >> 8 AND &FF) - (rgb2% >> 8 AND &FF))
diff% += ABS((rgb1% >> 16) - (rgb2% >> 16))
NEXT
NEXT y%
PRINT "Image difference = "; 100 * diff% / 512^2 / 3 / 255 " %"
SYS "DeleteDC", hdc1%
SYS "DeleteDC", hdc2%
SYS "DeleteObject", hbm1%
SYS "DeleteObject", hbm2%
END
DEF FNloadimage(file$)
LOCAL iid{}, hbm%, pic%, ole%, olpp%, text%
DIM iid{a%,b%,c%,d%}, text% LOCAL 513
iid.a% = &7BF80980 : REM. 128-bit iid
iid.b% = &101ABF32
iid.c% = &AA00BB8B
iid.d% = &AB0C3000
SYS "MultiByteToWideChar", 0, 0, file$, -1, text%, 256
SYS "LoadLibrary", "OLEAUT32.DLL" TO ole%
SYS "GetProcAddress", ole%, "OleLoadPicturePath" TO olpp%
IF olpp%=0 THEN = 0
SYS olpp%, text%, 0, 0, 0, iid{}, ^pic% : REM. OleLoadPicturePath
IF pic%=0 THEN = 0
SYS !(!pic%+12), pic%, ^hbm% : REM. IPicture::get_Handle
SYS "FreeLibrary", ole%
= hbm%
Output:
Image difference = 1.6255931 %
C
The read_image function is from here.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
/* #include "imglib.h" */
#define RED_C 0
#define GREEN_C 1
#define BLUE_C 2
#define GET_PIXEL(IMG, X, Y) ((IMG)->buf[ (Y) * (IMG)->width + (X) ])
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
image im1, im2;
double totalDiff = 0.0;
unsigned int x, y;
if ( argc < 3 )
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage:\n%s FILE1 FILE2\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
im1 = read_image(argv[1]);
if ( im1 == NULL ) exit(1);
im2 = read_image(argv[2]);
if ( im2 == NULL ) { free_img(im1); exit(1); }
if ( (im1->width != im2->width) || (im1->height != im2->height) )
{
fprintf(stderr, "width/height of the images must match!\n");
} else {
/* BODY: the "real" part! */
for(x=0; x < im1->width; x++)
{
for(y=0; y < im1->width; y++)
{
totalDiff += fabs( GET_PIXEL(im1, x, y)[RED_C] - GET_PIXEL(im2, x, y)[RED_C] ) / 255.0;
totalDiff += fabs( GET_PIXEL(im1, x, y)[GREEN_C] - GET_PIXEL(im2, x, y)[GREEN_C] ) / 255.0;
totalDiff += fabs( GET_PIXEL(im1, x, y)[BLUE_C] - GET_PIXEL(im2, x, y)[BLUE_C] ) / 255.0;
}
}
printf("%lf\n", 100.0 * totalDiff / (double)(im1->width * im1->height * 3) );
/* BODY ends */
}
free_img(im1);
free_img(im2);
}
The output on Lenna is:
1.625587
C#
using System;
using System.Drawing;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Bitmap img1 = new Bitmap("Lenna50.jpg");
Bitmap img2 = new Bitmap("Lenna100.jpg");
if (img1.Size != img2.Size)
{
Console.Error.WriteLine("Images are of different sizes");
return;
}
float diff = 0;
for (int y = 0; y < img1.Height; y++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < img1.Width; x++)
{
Color pixel1 = img1.GetPixel(x, y);
Color pixel2 = img2.GetPixel(x, y);
diff += Math.Abs(pixel1.R - pixel2.R);
diff += Math.Abs(pixel1.G - pixel2.G);
diff += Math.Abs(pixel1.B - pixel2.B);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("diff: {0} %", 100 * (diff / 255) / (img1.Width * img1.Height * 3));
}
}
C++
based upon C version, using Qt 4.4
#include <QImage>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <QColor>
#include <iostream>
int main( int argc , char *argv[ ] ) {
if ( argc != 3 ) {
std::cout << "Call this with imagecompare <file of image 1>"
<< " <file of image 2>\n" ;
return 1 ;
}
QImage firstImage ( argv[ 1 ] ) ;
QImage secondImage ( argv[ 2 ] ) ;
double totaldiff = 0.0 ; //holds the number of different pixels
int h = firstImage.height( ) ;
int w = firstImage.width( ) ;
int hsecond = secondImage.height( ) ;
int wsecond = secondImage.width( ) ;
if ( w != wsecond || h != hsecond ) {
std::cerr << "Error, pictures must have identical dimensions!\n" ;
return 2 ;
}
for ( int y = 0 ; y < h ; y++ ) {
uint *firstLine = ( uint* )firstImage.scanLine( y ) ;
uint *secondLine = ( uint* )secondImage.scanLine( y ) ;
for ( int x = 0 ; x < w ; x++ ) {
uint pixelFirst = firstLine[ x ] ;
int rFirst = qRed( pixelFirst ) ;
int gFirst = qGreen( pixelFirst ) ;
int bFirst = qBlue( pixelFirst ) ;
uint pixelSecond = secondLine[ x ] ;
int rSecond = qRed( pixelSecond ) ;
int gSecond = qGreen( pixelSecond ) ;
int bSecond = qBlue( pixelSecond ) ;
totaldiff += std::abs( rFirst - rSecond ) / 255.0 ;
totaldiff += std::abs( gFirst - gSecond ) / 255.0 ;
totaldiff += std::abs( bFirst -bSecond ) / 255.0 ;
}
}
std::cout << "The difference of the two pictures is " <<
(totaldiff * 100) / (w * h * 3) << " % !\n" ;
return 0 ;
}
output on pictures given;
The difference of the two pictures is 1.62559 % !
Common Lisp
This is based upon the C version. Strangely enough, the percentage is 1.77% which is off by about a tenth of a percent.
(require 'cl-jpeg)
;;; the JPEG library uses simple-vectors to store data. this is insane!
(defun compare-images (file1 file2)
(declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
(multiple-value-bind (image1 height width) (jpeg:decode-image file1)
(let ((image2 (jpeg:decode-image file2)))
(loop for i of-type (unsigned-byte 8) across (the simple-vector image1)
for j of-type (unsigned-byte 8) across (the simple-vector image2)
sum (the fixnum (abs (- i j))) into difference of-type fixnum
finally (return (coerce (/ difference width height #.(* 3 255))
'double-float))))))
CL-USER> (* 100 (compare-images "Lenna50.jpg" "Lenna100.jpg"))
1.774856467652165d0
D
import std.stdio, std.exception, std.range, std.math, bitmap;
void main() {
Image!RGB i1, i2;
i1 = i1.loadPPM6("Lenna50.ppm");
i2 = i2.loadPPM6("Lenna100.ppm");
enforce(i1.nx == i2.nx && i1.ny == i2.ny, "Different sizes.");
real dif = 0.0;
foreach (p, q; zip(i1.image, i2.image))
dif += abs(p.r - q.r) + abs(p.g - q.g) + abs(p.b - q.b);
immutable nData = i1.nx * i1.ny * 3;
writeln("Difference (percentage): ",
(dif / 255.0 * 100) / nData);
}
- Output:
Difference (percentage): 1.62559
E
By dividing only at the end, we work with integers only as the sum and avoid floating-point error from adding small numbers (per-pixel difference) to large ones (sum of differences).
def imageDifference(a, b) {
require(a.width() == b.width())
require(a.height() == b.height())
def X := 0..!(a.width())
def Y := 0..!(a.height())
var sumByteDiff := 0
for y in Y {
for x in X {
def ca := a[x, y]
def cb := b[x, y]
sumByteDiff += (ca.rb() - cb.rb()).abs() \
+ (ca.gb() - cb.gb()).abs() \
+ (ca.bb() - cb.bb()).abs()
}
println(y)
}
return sumByteDiff / (255 * 3 * a.width() * a.height())
}
def imageDifferenceTask() {
println("Read 1...")
def a := readPPM(<import:java.io.makeFileInputStream>(<file:Lenna50.ppm>))
println("Read 2...")
def b := readPPM(<import:java.io.makeFileInputStream>(<file:Lenna100.ppm>))
println("Compare...")
def d := imageDifference(a, b)
println(`${d * 100}% different.`)
}The result on the provided images is 1.6255930981604882%.
F#
//Percentage difference between 2 images. Nigel Galloway April 18th., 2018
let img50 = new System.Drawing.Bitmap("Lenna50.jpg")
let img100 = new System.Drawing.Bitmap("Lenna100.jpg")
let diff=Seq.cast<System.Drawing.Color*System.Drawing.Color>(Array2D.init img50.Width img50.Height (fun n g->(img50.GetPixel(n,g),img100.GetPixel(n,g))))|>Seq.fold(fun i (e,l)->i+abs(int(e.R)-int(l.R))+abs(int(e.B)-int(l.B))+abs(int(e.G)-int(l.G))) 0
printfn "%f" ((float diff)*100.00/(float(img50.Height*img50.Width)*255.0*3.0))
- Output:
1.774691
Forth
: pixel-diff ( pixel1 pixel2 -- n )
over 255 and over 255 and - abs >r 8 rshift swap 8 rshift
over 255 and over 255 and - abs >r 8 rshift swap 8 rshift
- abs r> + r> + ;
: bdiff ( bmp1 bmp2 -- fdiff )
2dup bdim rot bdim d<> abort" images not comparable"
0e ( F: total diff )
dup bdim * >r ( R: total pixels )
bdata swap bdata
r@ 0 do
over @ over @ pixel-diff 0 d>f f+
cell+ swap cell+
loop 2drop
r> 3 * 255 * 0 d>f f/ ;
: .bdiff ( bmp1 bmp2 -- )
cr bdiff 100e f* f. ." percent different" ;
Fortran
program ImageDifference
use RCImageBasic
use RCImageIO
implicit none
integer, parameter :: input1_u = 20, &
input2_u = 21
type(rgbimage) :: lenna1, lenna2
real :: totaldiff
open(input1_u, file="Lenna100.ppm", action="read")
open(input2_u, file="Lenna50.ppm", action="read")
call read_ppm(input1_u, lenna1)
call read_ppm(input2_u, lenna2)
close(input1_u)
close(input2_u)
totaldiff = sum( (abs(lenna1%red - lenna2%red) + &
abs(lenna1%green - lenna2%green) + &
abs(lenna1%blue - lenna2%blue)) / 255.0 )
print *, 100.0 * totaldiff / (lenna1%width * lenna1%height * 3.0)
call free_img(lenna1)
call free_img(lenna2)
end program ImageDifference
This gives 1.6555154.
FreeBASIC
#include "inc/freeimage.bi"
Function GetPixelFromArray (img() As Ubyte, Byval x As Integer, Byval y As Integer, Byval ancho As Integer) As Uinteger
Dim index As Integer = (y * ancho + x) * 3
Dim r As Ubyte = img(index + 2)
Dim g As Ubyte = img(index + 1)
Dim b As Ubyte = img(index)
Return Rgb(r, g, b)
End Function
' Initialize FreeImage
FreeImage_Initialise()
' Load images
Dim dib1 As FIBITMAP Ptr = FreeImage_Load(FIF_JPEG, "lenna50.jpg", JPEG_DEFAULT)
Dim dib2 As FIBITMAP Ptr = FreeImage_Load(FIF_JPEG, "lenna100.jpg", JPEG_DEFAULT)
If dib1 = 0 Or dib2 = 0 Then
Print "Error al cargar las imágenes."
End
End If
Dim ancho As Integer = FreeImage_GetWidth(dib1)
Dim alto As Integer = FreeImage_GetHeight(dib1)
Dim img1(0 To ancho * alto * 3 - 1) As Ubyte
Dim img2(0 To ancho * alto * 3 - 1) As Ubyte
FreeImage_ConvertToRawBits(@img1(0), dib1, ancho * 3, 24, &HFF0000, &HFF00, &HFF, True)
FreeImage_ConvertToRawBits(@img2(0), dib2, ancho * 3, 24, &HFF0000, &HFF00, &HFF, True)
' Calculate the difference
Dim diff As Uinteger = 0
For y As Integer = 0 To alto - 1
For x As Integer = 0 To ancho - 1
Dim rgb1 As Uinteger = GetPixelFromArray(img1(), x, y, ancho)
Dim rgb2 As Uinteger = GetPixelFromArray(img2(), x, y, ancho)
diff += Abs((rgb1 And &HFF) - (rgb2 And &HFF))
diff += Abs((rgb1 Shr 8 And &HFF) - (rgb2 Shr 8 And &HFF))
diff += Abs((rgb1 Shr 16) - (rgb2 Shr 16))
Next
Next
Print "Image difference = "; 100 * diff / (ancho * alto * 3 * 255); "%"
' Free resources
FreeImage_Unload(dib1)
FreeImage_Unload(dib2)
FreeImage_DeInitialise()
Sleep
Frink
img1 = new image["file:Lenna50.jpg"]
img2 = new image["file:Lenna100.jpg"]
[w1, h1] = img1.getSize[]
[w2, h2] = img2.getSize[]
sum = 0
for x=0 to w1-1
for y=0 to h1-1
{
[r1,g1,b1] = img1.getPixel[x,y]
[r2,g2,b2] = img2.getPixel[x,y]
sum = sum + abs[r1-r2] + abs[g1-g2] + abs[b1-b2]
}
errors = sum / (w1 * h1 * 3)
println["Error is " + (errors->"percent")]This gives an error of approximately 1.625593 percent.
Go
Using standard image library:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"image/jpeg"
"os"
"log"
"image"
)
func loadJpeg(filename string) (image.Image, error) {
f, err := os.Open(filename)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer f.Close()
img, err := jpeg.Decode(f)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return img, nil
}
func diff(a, b uint32) int64 {
if a > b {
return int64(a - b)
}
return int64(b - a)
}
func main() {
i50, err := loadJpeg("Lenna50.jpg")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
i100, err := loadJpeg("Lenna100.jpg")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if i50.ColorModel() != i100.ColorModel() {
log.Fatal("different color models")
}
b := i50.Bounds()
if !b.Eq(i100.Bounds()) {
log.Fatal("different image sizes")
}
var sum int64
for y := b.Min.Y; y < b.Max.Y; y++ {
for x := b.Min.X; x < b.Max.X; x++ {
r1, g1, b1, _ := i50.At(x, y).RGBA()
r2, g2, b2, _ := i100.At(x, y).RGBA()
sum += diff(r1, r2)
sum += diff(g1, g2)
sum += diff(b1, b2)
}
}
nPixels := (b.Max.X - b.Min.X) * (b.Max.Y - b.Min.Y)
fmt.Printf("Image difference: %f%%\n",
float64(sum*100)/(float64(nPixels)*0xffff*3))
}
Output:
Image difference: 1.774785%
Using code from bitmap task:
package main
// Files required to build supporting package raster are found in:
// * Bitmap
// * Read a PPM file
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"os/exec"
"raster"
)
func readJpeg(j string) (b *raster.Bitmap, err error) {
c := exec.Command("convert", j, "ppm:-")
var pipe io.Reader
pipe, err = c.StdoutPipe()
if err != nil {
return
}
err = c.Start()
if err != nil {
return
}
return raster.ReadPpmFrom(pipe)
}
func main() {
b1, err := readJpeg("Lenna50.jpg")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
b2, err := readJpeg("Lenna100.jpg")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
b1c, b1r := b1.Extent()
b2c, b2r := b2.Extent()
if b1c != b2c || b1r != b2r {
fmt.Println("image extents not the same")
return
}
var sum int64
for y := 0; y < b1r; y++ {
for x := 0; x < b1c; x++ {
p1, _ := b1.GetPx(x, y)
p2, _ := b2.GetPx(x, y)
d := int64(p1.R) - int64(p2.R)
if d < 0 {
sum -= d
} else {
sum += d
}
d = int64(p1.G) - int64(p2.G)
if d < 0 {
sum -= d
} else {
sum += d
}
d = int64(p1.B) - int64(p2.B)
if d < 0 {
sum -= d
} else {
sum += d
}
}
}
fmt.Printf("Image difference: %f%%\n",
float64(sum)*100/(float64(b1c*b1r)*255*3))
}
Output:
Image difference: 1.625593%
Haskell
This implementation takes PPMs as input. It uses modules defined in Basic bitmap storage and Write ppm file.
import Bitmap
import Bitmap.Netpbm
import Bitmap.RGB
import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.ST
import System.Environment (getArgs)
main = do
[path1, path2] <- getArgs
image1 <- readNetpbm path1
image2 <- readNetpbm path2
diff <- stToIO $ imageDiff image1 image2
putStrLn $ "Difference: " ++ show (100 * diff) ++ "%"
imageDiff :: Image s RGB -> Image s RGB -> ST s Double
imageDiff image1 image2 = do
i1 <- getPixels image1
i2 <- getPixels image2
unless (length i1 == length i2) $
fail "imageDiff: Images are of different sizes"
return $
toEnum (sum $ zipWith minus i1 i2) /
toEnum (3 * 255 * length i1)
where (RGB (r1, g1, b1)) `minus` (RGB (r2, g2, b2)) =
abs (r1 - r2) + abs (g1 - g2) + abs (b1 - b2)
Icon and Unicon
The images are opened as hidden windows and directly queried for their size and pixel contents. RGB colour intensities range from 0-65535 and all calculations are done with large integers and converted to real at the end. The Icon and Unicon graphics facilities are under documented with respect to some features. Unicon can support reading and writing to a number of additional image formats. I'm not sure if this will run under Icon or not. Some minor reworking of the open would be the minimum requirement; however, Icon may not have read support for jpg files.
link printf # for main only
procedure main() # % difference between images
fn1 := "Lenna100.jpg"
fn2 := "Lenna50.jpg"
printf("%%difference of files %i & %i = %r\n",fn1,fn2,ImageDiff(fn1,fn2))
end
procedure ImageDiff(fn1,fn2) #: return % difference of two images
img1 := open(1,"g","canvas=hidden","image="||fn1) | stop("Open failed ",fn1)
img2 := open(2,"g","canvas=hidden","image="||fn2) | stop("Open failed ",fn2)
if WAttrib(img1,"width") ~= WAttrib(img2,"width") |
WAttrib(img1,"height") ~= WAttrib(img2,"height") then
stop("Images must be the same size")
pix1 := create Pixel(img1) # access pixels one at a time
pix2 := create Pixel(img2) # ... facilitate interleaved access
sum := pix := 0
while pix +:= 1 & p1 := csv2l(@pix1) & p2 := csv2l(@pix2) do
every sum +:= abs(p1[i := 1 to *p1] - p2[i])
every close(img1|img2)
return sum / (pix * 3 * 65535 / 100. )
end
procedure csv2l(p) #: return a list from a comma separated string
L := []
p ? until pos(0) do {
put(L,tab(find(",")|0))
move(1)
}
return L
end
Output:
%difference of files "Lenna100.jpg" & "Lenna50.jpg" = 1.625587
J
require 'media/image3'
'Lenna50.jpg' (+/@,@:|@:- % 2.55 * */@$@])&read_image 'Lenna100.jpg'
1.62559
Java
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
public enum ImgDiffPercent {
;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// https://rosettacode.org/mw/images/3/3c/Lenna50.jpg
// https://rosettacode.org/mw/images/b/b6/Lenna100.jpg
BufferedImage img1 = ImageIO.read(new File("Lenna50.jpg"));
BufferedImage img2 = ImageIO.read(new File("Lenna100.jpg"));
double p = getDifferencePercent(img1, img2);
System.out.println("diff percent: " + p);
}
private static double getDifferencePercent(BufferedImage img1, BufferedImage img2) {
int width = img1.getWidth();
int height = img1.getHeight();
int width2 = img2.getWidth();
int height2 = img2.getHeight();
if (width != width2 || height != height2) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Images must have the same dimensions: (%d,%d) vs. (%d,%d)", width, height, width2, height2));
}
long diff = 0;
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
diff += pixelDiff(img1.getRGB(x, y), img2.getRGB(x, y));
}
}
long maxDiff = 3L * 255 * width * height;
return 100.0 * diff / maxDiff;
}
private static int pixelDiff(int rgb1, int rgb2) {
int r1 = (rgb1 >> 16) & 0xff;
int g1 = (rgb1 >> 8) & 0xff;
int b1 = rgb1 & 0xff;
int r2 = (rgb2 >> 16) & 0xff;
int g2 = (rgb2 >> 8) & 0xff;
int b2 = rgb2 & 0xff;
return Math.abs(r1 - r2) + Math.abs(g1 - g2) + Math.abs(b1 - b2);
}
}
JavaScript
function getImageData(url, callback) {
var img = document.createElement('img');
var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
img.onload = function () {
canvas.width = img.width;
canvas.height = img.height;
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
callback(ctx.getImageData(0, 0, img.width, img.height));
};
img.src = url;
}
function compare(firstImage, secondImage, callback) {
getImageData(firstImage, function (img1) {
getImageData(secondImage, function (img2) {
if (img1.width !== img2.width || img1.height != img2.height) {
callback(NaN);
return;
}
var diff = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < img1.data.length / 4; i++) {
diff += Math.abs(img1.data[4 * i + 0] - img2.data[4 * i + 0]) / 255;
diff += Math.abs(img1.data[4 * i + 1] - img2.data[4 * i + 1]) / 255;
diff += Math.abs(img1.data[4 * i + 2] - img2.data[4 * i + 2]) / 255;
}
callback(100 * diff / (img1.width * img1.height * 3));
});
});
}
compare('Lenna50.jpg', 'Lenna100.jpg', function (result) {
console.log(result);
});
Julia
using Images, FileIO, Printf
absdiff(a::RGB{T}, b::RGB{T}) where T = sum(abs(col(a) - col(b)) for col in (red, green, blue))
function pctdiff(A::Matrix{Color{T}}, B::Matrix{Color{T}}) where T
size(A) != size(B) && throw(ArgumentError("images must be same-size"))
s = zero(T)
for (a, b) in zip(A, B)
s += absdiff(a, b)
end
return 100s / 3prod(size(A))
end
img50 = load("data/lenna50.jpg") |> Matrix{RGB{Float64}};
img100 = load("data/lenna100.jpg") |> Matrix{RGB{Float64}};
d = pctdiff(img50, img100)
@printf("Percentage difference: %.4f%%\n", d)
- Output:
Percentage difference: 1.6247%
Kotlin
// version 1.2.10
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
import java.io.File
import javax.imageio.ImageIO
import kotlin.math.abs
fun getDifferencePercent(img1: BufferedImage, img2: BufferedImage): Double {
val width = img1.width
val height = img1.height
val width2 = img2.width
val height2 = img2.height
if (width != width2 || height != height2) {
val f = "(%d,%d) vs. (%d,%d)".format(width, height, width2, height2)
throw IllegalArgumentException("Images must have the same dimensions: $f")
}
var diff = 0L
for (y in 0 until height) {
for (x in 0 until width) {
diff += pixelDiff(img1.getRGB(x, y), img2.getRGB(x, y))
}
}
val maxDiff = 3L * 255 * width * height
return 100.0 * diff / maxDiff
}
fun pixelDiff(rgb1: Int, rgb2: Int): Int {
val r1 = (rgb1 shr 16) and 0xff
val g1 = (rgb1 shr 8) and 0xff
val b1 = rgb1 and 0xff
val r2 = (rgb2 shr 16) and 0xff
val g2 = (rgb2 shr 8) and 0xff
val b2 = rgb2 and 0xff
return abs(r1 - r2) + abs(g1 - g2) + abs(b1 - b2)
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val img1 = ImageIO.read(File("Lenna50.jpg"))
val img2 = ImageIO.read(File("Lenna100.jpg"))
val p = getDifferencePercent(img1, img2)
println("The percentage difference is ${"%.6f".format(p)}%")
}
- Output:
The percentage difference is 1.625593%
Lua
Using the Bitmap class from here and ImageMagick to preprocess jpg->ppm to simplify loading:
Bitmap.loadPPM = function(self, filename)
local fp = io.open( filename, "rb" )
if fp == nil then return false end
local head, width, height, depth, tail = fp:read("*line", "*number", "*number", "*number", "*line")
self.width, self.height = width, height
self:alloc()
self:clear( {0,0,0} )
for y = 1, self.height do
for x = 1, self.width do
self.pixels[y][x] = { string.byte(fp:read(1)), string.byte(fp:read(1)), string.byte(fp:read(1)) }
end
end
fp:close()
return true
end
Bitmap.percentageDifference = function(self, other)
if self.width ~= other.width or self.height ~= other.height then return end
local dif, abs, spx, opx = 0, math.abs, self.pixels, other.pixels
for y = 1, self.height do
for x = 1, self.width do
local sp, op = spx[y][x], opx[y][x]
dif = dif + abs(sp[1]-op[1]) + abs(sp[2]-op[2]) + abs(sp[3]-op[3])
end
end
return dif/255/self.width/self.height/3*100
end
local bm50 = Bitmap(0,0)
bm50:loadPPM("Lenna50.ppm")
local bm100 = Bitmap(0,0)
bm100:loadPPM("Lenna100.ppm")
print("%diff:", bm100:percentageDifference(bm50))
- Output:
%diff: 1.6255930981605
Liberty BASIC
LB uses here a DLL to allow loading the jpgs. I get the 'other' result if I use LB's native bmp load and convert the jpgs to bmp with the Gimp! The GUI shows the 'difference image'. SceenDisplay
now =time$( "seconds")
nomainwin
WindowWidth = 1620
WindowHeight = 660
open "jpeg.dll" for dll as #j ' "JPEG.DLL copyright Alyce Watson, 2003. "
open "RC Image Comparison- difference shown as 20 times abs( pixel_difference." for graphics_nf_nsb as #1
#1 "trapclose [quit]"
#1 "down ; fill black"
hW =hwnd( #1)
calldll #user32,"GetDC", hW as ulong, hdc as ulong
jname1$ ="Lenna50.jpg"
hPic1 =LoadImageFile( hW, jname1$)
if hPic1 =0 then notice "Function failed.": wait
loadbmp "demo1", hPic1
hDemo1 =hbmp( "demo1")
#1 "drawbmp demo1 10 10 ; flush"
jname2$ ="Lenna100.jpg"
hPic2 =LoadImageFile( hW, jname2$)
if hPic2 =0 then notice "Function failed.": wait
loadbmp "demo2", hPic2
hDemo1 =hbmp( "demo2")
#1 "drawbmp demo2 550 10 ; flush"
c1 =16777216
c2 = 65536
c3 = 256
x1 =10
y1 =10
x2 =550
y2 =10
for y =0 to 511
for x =0 to 511
pixel1 =( GetPixel( hdc, x1 +x, y1 +y) + c1) mod c1
b1 = int( pixel1 /c2)
g1 = int(( pixel1 -b1 *c2) /c3)
r1 = int( pixel1 -b1 *c2 -g1 *c3)
pixel2 =( GetPixel( hdc, x2 +x, y2 +y) + c1) mod c1
b2 = int( pixel2 /c2)
g2 = int(( pixel2 -b2 *c2) /c3)
r2 = int( pixel2 -b2 *c2 -g2 *c3)
totalDiff =totalDiff +abs( r1 -r2) +abs( g1 -g2)+ abs( b1 -b2)
#1 "color "; 20 *abs( r2 -r1); " "; 20 *abs( g2 -g1); " "; 20 *abs( b2 -b1)
#1 "set "; 1090 +x; " "; 10 +y
scan
next x
next y
#1 "place 90 575 ; color white ; backcolor black"
#1 "font courier 9 bold"
#1 "\"; " Difference between images ="; using( "#.#####", 100.0 *totalDiff / 512 /512 /3 /255); "%."
#1 "\"; " Rosetta Code for these two images =1.62125%."; " Time taken ="; time$( "seconds") -now; " seconds."
#1 "flush"
wait
function LoadImageFile( hWnd, file$)
calldll #j, "LoadImageFile", hWnd as ulong, file$ as ptr, LoadImageFile as ulong
end function
function GetPixel( hDC, x, y)
calldll #gdi32, "GetPixel", hDC As uLong, x As long, y As long, GetPixel As long
end function
[quit]
if hPic1 <>0 then calldll #gdi32, "DeleteObject", hPic1 as long, re as long
if hPic2 <>0 then calldll #gdi32, "DeleteObject", hPic2 as long, re as long
if hDemo1 <>0 then unloadbmp "demo1"
if hDemo2 <>0 then unloadbmp "demo2"
close #1
close #j
endMathematica /Wolfram Language
img50 = ImageData@Import[NotebookDirectory[] <> "Lenna50.jpg"];
img100 = ImageData@Import[NotebookDirectory[] <> "Lenna100.jpg"];
diff = img50 - img100;
Print["Total Difference between both Lenas = ",
Total@Abs@Flatten@diff/Times @@ Dimensions@img50*100, "%"]
Output
Total Difference between both Lenas = 1.62559%
MATLAB
% Percentage difference between images
function p = PercentageDifferenceBetweenImages(im1,im2)
if numel(im1)~=numel(im2),
error('Error: images have to be the same size');
end
d = abs(single(im1) - single(im2))./255;
p = sum(d(:))./numel(im1)*100;
disp(['Percentage difference between images is: ', num2str(p), '%'])
Output
Percentage difference between images is: 1.6256%
MAXScript
fn diffImages =
(
local img1 = selectBitmap caption:"Select Image 1"
local img2 = selectBitmap caption:"Select Image 2"
local totalDiff = 0
for i in 0 to (img1.height-1) do
(
local img1Row = getPixels img1 [0, i] img1.width
local img2Row = getPixels img2 [0, i] img2.width
for j in 1 to img1.width do
(
totalDiff += (abs (img1Row[j].r - img2Row[j].r)) / 255.0
totalDiff += (abs (img1Row[j].g - img2Row[j].g)) / 255.0
totalDiff += (abs (img1Row[j].b - img2Row[j].b)) / 255.0
)
)
format "Diff: %\%\n" (totalDiff / ((img1.width * img1.height * 3) as float) * 100)
)Nim
We use the procedure loadImage which sets default values for JPEG decoding parameters. With these parameters, the difference between the images is about 1.7747 %. Using the less convenient procedure readImage which works on an open file, it is possible to change the parameters in order to get the smaller difference of 1.6256 %.
import strformat
import imageman
var img50, img100: Image[ColorRGBU]
try:
img50 = loadImage[ColorRGBU]("Lenna50.jpg")
img100 = loadImage[ColorRGBU]("Lenna100.jpg")
except IOError:
echo getCurrentExceptionMsg()
quit QuitFailure
let width = img50.width
let height = img50.height
if img100.width != width or img100.height != height:
quit "Images have different sizes.", QuitFailure
var sum = 0
for x in 0..<height:
for y in 0..<width:
let color1 = img50[x, y]
let color2 = img100[x, y]
for i in 0..2:
sum += abs(color1[i].int - color2[i].int)
echo &"Image difference: {sum * 100 / (width * height * 3 * 255):.4f} %"
- Output:
Image difference: 1.7747 %
OCaml
#! /usr/bin/env ocaml
#directory "+glMLite/"
#load "jpeg_loader.cma"
#load "bigarray.cma"
open Jpeg_loader
let () =
let img1, width1, height1, col_comp1, color_space1 = load_img (Filename Sys.argv.(1))
and img2, width2, height2, col_comp2, color_space2 = load_img (Filename Sys.argv.(2)) in
assert(width1 = width2);
assert(height1 = height2);
assert(col_comp1 = col_comp2); (* number of color components *)
assert(color_space1 = color_space2);
let img1 = Bigarray.array3_of_genarray img1
and img2 = Bigarray.array3_of_genarray img2 in
let sum = ref 0.0
and num = ref 0 in
for x=0 to pred width1 do
for y=0 to pred height1 do
for c=0 to pred col_comp1 do
let v1 = float img1.{x,y,c}
and v2 = float img2.{x,y,c} in
let diff = (abs_float (v1 -. v2)) /. 255. in
sum := diff +. !sum;
incr num;
done;
done;
done;
let diff_percent = !sum /. float !num in
Printf.printf " diff: %f percent\n" diff_percent;
;;
Perl
use Image::Imlib2;
my $img1 = Image::Imlib2->load('Lenna50.jpg') || die;
my $img2 = Image::Imlib2->load('Lenna100.jpg') || die;
my $w = $img1->width;
my $h = $img1->height;
my $sum = 0;
for my $x (0..$w-1) {
for my $y (0..$h-1) {
my ($r1, $g1, $b1) = $img1->query_pixel($x, $y);
my ($r2, $g2, $b2) = $img2->query_pixel($x, $y);
$sum += abs($r1-$r2) + abs($g1-$g2) + abs($b1-$b2);
}
}
printf "%% difference = %.4f\n", 100 * $sum / ($w * $h * 3 * 255);
- Output:
% difference = 1.7747
Alternative solution:
use Imager;
use List::AllUtils qw(sum pairwise);
sub img_diff {
my ($file1, $file2) = @_;
my $img1 = Imager->new(file => $file1);
my $img2 = Imager->new(file => $file2);
my ($w1, $h1) = ($img1->getwidth, $img1->getheight);
my ($w2, $h2) = ($img2->getwidth, $img2->getheight);
if ($w1 != $w2 or $h1 != $h2) {
die "Can't compare images of different sizes";
}
my $sum = 0;
foreach my $y (0 .. $h1 - 1) {
foreach my $x (0 .. $w1 - 1) {
my @rgba1 = $img1->getpixel(x => $x, y => $y)->rgba;
my @rgba2 = $img2->getpixel(x => $x, y => $y)->rgba;
$sum += sum(pairwise { abs($a - $b) } @rgba1, @rgba2);
}
}
$sum / ($w1 * $h1 * 255 * 3);
}
printf "difference = %f%%\n", 100 * img_diff('Lenna50.jpg', 'Lenna100.jpg');
- Output:
difference = 1.625593%
Phix
-- demo\rosetta\Percentage_difference_between_images.exw without js -- (file i/o) include ppm.e function split_colour(integer c) return sq_div(sq_and_bits(c, {#FF0000,#FF00,#FF}), {#010000,#0100,#01}) end function function percentage_diff(sequence img1, img2) if length(img1)!=length(img2) or length(img1[1])!=length(img2[1]) then return "sizes do not match" end if atom diff = 0 for i=1 to length(img1) do for j=1 to length(img1[i]) do integer {r1,g1,b1} = split_colour(img1[i,j]), {r2,g2,b2} = split_colour(img2[i,j]) diff += abs(r1-r2)+abs(g1-g2)+abs(b1-b2) end for end for return 100*diff/(length(img1)*length(img1[1]))/3/255 end function sequence img1 = read_ppm("Lenna50.ppm"), img2 = read_ppm("Lenna100.ppm") ?percentage_diff(img1,img2) {} = wait_key()
- Output:
1.625593098
PicoLisp
(call "convert" "Lenna50.jpg" (tmp "Lenna50.ppm"))
(call "convert" "Lenna100.jpg" (tmp "Lenna100.ppm"))
(let (Total 0 Diff 0)
(in (tmp "Lenna50.ppm")
(in (tmp "Lenna100.ppm")
(while (rd 1)
(inc 'Diff
(*/
(abs (- @ (in -1 (rd 1))))
1000000
255 ) )
(inc 'Total) ) ) )
(prinl "Difference is " (format (*/ Diff Total) 4) " percent") )Output:
Difference is 1.6256 percent
PureBasic
This program downloads both jpg files, decodes them & saves them in 2D-arrays for simple comparison which part is comparable with the other languages.
#URL1="http://rosettacode.org/mw/images/3/3c/Lenna50.jpg"
#URL2="http://rosettacode.org/mw/images/b/b6/Lenna100.jpg"
Procedure.s GetTempFileName(basename$="",Extension$=".tmp")
Protected file$, i
Repeat: file$=GetTemporaryDirectory()+basename$+"_"+Str(i)+Extension$: i+1
Until FileSize(file$) = -1 ; E.g. File not found
ProcedureReturn file$
EndProcedure
Procedure ImageToMatrix(Image,Array P(2))
Protected Width=ImageWidth(0)-1, Height=ImageHeight(0)-1, x, y
; Scaling down Width & Height by -1 to compensate for using 0-based arrays
Dim P(Width,Height)
StartDrawing(ImageOutput(Image))
For x=0 To Width
For y=0 To Height
P(x,y)=Point(x,y)
Next y
Next x
StopDrawing()
EndProcedure
Define File1$, File2$, totalDiff, x, y, w, h
; Load the pictures from RoettaCode
InitNetwork()
File1$=GetTempFileName("",".jpg"): ReceiveHTTPFile(#URL1,File1$)
File2$=GetTempFileName("",".jpg"): ReceiveHTTPFile(#URL2,File2$)
; Decode the images & clean up temporary files
UseJPEGImageDecoder()
LoadImage(0,File1$):LoadImage(1,File2$)
DeleteFile(File1$): DeleteFile(File2$)
; Make two 2D arrays to hold the data
Dim Pic1(0,0): Dim Pic2(0,0)
;Load the image data into the matrixes
ImageToMatrix(0,Pic1()): ImageToMatrix(1,Pic2())
; Compare the data
w=ArraySize(pic1()): h=ArraySize(pic1(),2)
For x=0 To w
For y=0 To h
totalDiff+ Abs( Red(Pic1(x,y)) - Red(Pic2(x,y)))
totalDiff+ Abs(Green(Pic1(x,y)) - Green(Pic2(x,y)))
totalDiff+ Abs( Blue(Pic1(x,y)) - Blue(Pic2(x,y)))
Next y
Next x
MessageRequester("Result","Diff= "+StrD(100*totalDiff/(255*w*h*3),3)+" %")
Python
You must install the Python Imaging Library to use this example. Install with pip : pip install Pillow
from PIL import Image
i1 = Image.open("image1.jpg")
i2 = Image.open("image2.jpg")
assert i1.mode == i2.mode, "Different kinds of images."
assert i1.size == i2.size, "Different sizes."
pairs = zip(i1.getdata(), i2.getdata())
if len(i1.getbands()) == 1:
# for gray-scale jpegs
dif = sum(abs(p1-p2) for p1,p2 in pairs)
else:
dif = sum(abs(c1-c2) for p1,p2 in pairs for c1,c2 in zip(p1,p2))
ncomponents = i1.size[0] * i1.size[1] * 3
print ("Difference (percentage):", (dif / 255.0 * 100) / ncomponents)
from itertools import izip
import Image
i1 = Image.open("image1.jpg")
i2 = Image.open("image2.jpg")
assert i1.mode == i2.mode, "Different kinds of images."
assert i1.size == i2.size, "Different sizes."
pairs = izip(i1.getdata(), i2.getdata())
if len(i1.getbands()) == 1:
# for gray-scale jpegs
dif = sum(abs(p1-p2) for p1,p2 in pairs)
else:
dif = sum(abs(c1-c2) for p1,p2 in pairs for c1,c2 in zip(p1,p2))
ncomponents = i1.size[0] * i1.size[1] * 3
print "Difference (percentage):", (dif / 255.0 * 100) / ncomponents
Racket
For some reason, the result is around 1.77% and I can't wrap my head about why. (Tom) Note: On OS X I get 1.6192% as the result. (soegaard)
#lang racket
(require racket/draw)
(define (percentage-difference bitmap1 bitmap2)
(define width (send bitmap1 get-width))
(define height (send bitmap1 get-height))
(define buffer1 (make-bytes (* width height 4)))
(define buffer2 (make-bytes (* width height 4)))
(send (send bitmap1 make-dc) get-argb-pixels 0 0 width height buffer1)
(send (send bitmap2 make-dc) get-argb-pixels 0 0 width height buffer2)
(/ (* 100.0
(for/fold ((difference 0))
((i (in-naturals)) (x1 (in-bytes buffer1)) (x2 (in-bytes buffer2)))
(if (zero? (remainder i 4))
difference
(+ difference (abs (- x1 x2))))))
width height 3 256))
(define lenna50 (read-bitmap "lenna50.jpg"))
(define lenna100 (read-bitmap "lenna100.jpg"))
(percentage-difference lenna50 lenna100) ;-> 1.7749329408009846
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
Using GD::Raw from the Raku ecosystem.
use GD::Raw;
my $fh1 = fopen('./Lenna50.jpg', "rb") or die;
my $img1 = gdImageCreateFromJpeg($fh1);
my $fh2 = fopen('./Lenna100.jpg', "rb") or die;
my $img2 = gdImageCreateFromJpeg($fh2);
my $img1X = gdImageSX($img1);
my $img1Y = gdImageSY($img1);
my $img2X = gdImageSX($img2);
my $img2Y = gdImageSY($img2);
($img1X == $img2X and $img1Y == $img2Y) or die "Image dimensions must match.";
my $diff = 0;
my ($px1, $px2);
loop (my $i = 0; $i < $img1X; $i++) {
loop (my $j = 0; $j < $img1Y; $j++) {
$px1 = gdImageGetPixel($img1, $i, $j);
$px2 = gdImageGetPixel($img2, $i, $j);
$diff += abs(gdImageRed($img1, $px1) - gdImageRed($img2, $px2));
$diff += abs(gdImageGreen($img1, $px1) - gdImageGreen($img2, $px2));
$diff += abs(gdImageBlue($img1, $px1) - gdImageBlue($img2, $px2));
}
}
say "%difference = ", $diff/($img1X*$img1Y*3*255)*100;
gdImageDestroy($img1);
gdImageDestroy($img2);
- Output:
%difference = 1.625593098
REBOL
REBOL [
Title: "Percent Image Difference"
URL: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Percentage_of_difference_between_2_images
]
; Load from local storage. Un/comment as preferred.
; a: load-image %lenna50.jpg
; b: load-image %lenna100.jpg
; Download from rosettacode.org.
a: load-image http://rosettacode.org/mw/images/3/3c/Lenna50.jpg
b: load-image http://rosettacode.org/mw/images/b/b6/Lenna100.jpg
if a/size <> b/size [print "Image dimensions must match." halt]
; Compute difference. REBOL has built-in image processing as part of
; its GUI package that I can take advantage of here:
diff: to-image layout/tight [image a effect [difference b]]
; Calculate deviation. I use 'repeat' to rip through the image pixels
; (it knows how to deal with images) and sum, then average. Note that
; I can treat the image like an array to get number of pixels.
t: 0
repeat p diff [t: t + p/1 + p/2 + p/3]
print rejoin ["Difference: " 100 * t / (255 * 3 * length? diff) "%"]
; Optional: Since I now have a difference image, I may as well show
; it. Use the buttons or keys 'a', 'b' and 'd' to switch between the
; various images.
flip: func [
"Change to new image and label."
name [word!] "Image to switch to."
][x/text: rejoin ["Image " name] x/image: get name show x]
; Because the differences between the images are very small, I enhance
; the diff with a high contrast to make the result easier to
; see. Comment this out for the "pure" image.
diff: to-image layout/tight [image diff effect [contrast 100]]
view l: layout [
x: image diff
across
button "a" #"a" [flip 'a]
button "b" #"b" [flip 'b]
button "difference" #"d" [flip 'diff]
]
Output:
Difference: 1.62559309816049%
Note that this image has been contrast enhanced to highlight the differences.
Ruby
uses the raster_graphics library
require 'raster_graphics'
class RGBColour
# the difference between two colours
def -(a_colour)
(@red - a_colour.red).abs +
(@green - a_colour.green).abs +
(@blue - a_colour.blue).abs
end
end
class Pixmap
# the difference between two images
def -(a_pixmap)
if @width != a_pixmap.width or @height != a_pixmap.height
raise ArgumentError, "can't compare images with different sizes"
end
sum = 0
each_pixel {|x,y| sum += self[x,y] - a_pixmap[x,y]}
Float(sum) / (@width * @height * 255 * 3)
end
end
lenna50 = Pixmap.open_from_jpeg('Lenna50.jpg')
lenna100 = Pixmap.open_from_jpeg('Lenna100.jpg')
puts "difference: %.5f%%" % (100.0 * (lenna50 - lenna100))
produces:
difference: 1.62559%
Rust
extern crate image;
use image::{GenericImageView, Rgba};
fn diff_rgba3(rgba1 : Rgba<u8>, rgba2 : Rgba<u8>) -> i32 {
(rgba1[0] as i32 - rgba2[0] as i32).abs()
+ (rgba1[1] as i32 - rgba2[1] as i32).abs()
+ (rgba1[2] as i32 - rgba2[2] as i32).abs()
}
fn main() {
let img1 = image::open("Lenna100.jpg").unwrap();
let img2 = image::open("Lenna50.jpg").unwrap();
let mut accum = 0;
let zipper = img1.pixels().zip(img2.pixels());
for (pixel1, pixel2) in zipper {
accum += diff_rgba3(pixel1.2, pixel2.2);
}
println!("Percent difference {}", accum as f64 * 100.0/ (255.0 * 3.0 * (img1.width() * img1.height()) as f64));
}
produces:
Percent difference 1.6260633281632966
Sidef
require('Imager')
func img_diff(a, b) {
func from_file(name) {
%s|Imager|.new(file => name)
}
func size(img) {
(img.getwidth, img.getheight)
}
func pixel_diff(p1, p2) {
[p1.rgba] »-« [p2.rgba] -> map { .abs }.sum
}
func read_pixel(img, x, y) {
img.getpixel(x => x, y => y)
}
var(img1, img2) = (from_file(a), from_file(b))
var(w1, h1) = size(img1)
var(w2, h2) = size(img2)
if ((w1 != w2) || (h1 != h2)) {
return nil
}
var sum = 0
for y,x in (^h1 ~X ^w1) {
sum += pixel_diff(read_pixel(img1, x, y), read_pixel(img2, x, y))
}
sum / (w1 * h1 * 255 * 3)
}
say 100*img_diff('Lenna50.jpg', 'Lenna100.jpg')
- Output:
1.62559309816048815359477124183007
Swift
func pixelValues(fromCGImage imageRef: CGImage?) -> [UInt8]?
{
var width = 0
var height = 0
var pixelValues: [UInt8]?
if let imageRef = imageRef {
width = imageRef.width
height = imageRef.height
let bitsPerComponent = imageRef.bitsPerComponent
let bytesPerRow = imageRef.bytesPerRow
let totalBytes = height * bytesPerRow
let bitmapInfo = imageRef.bitmapInfo
let colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB()
var intensities = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: totalBytes)
let contextRef = CGContext(data: &intensities,
width: width,
height: height,
bitsPerComponent: bitsPerComponent,
bytesPerRow: bytesPerRow,
space: colorSpace,
bitmapInfo: bitmapInfo.rawValue)
contextRef?.draw(imageRef, in: CGRect(x: 0.0, y: 0.0, width: CGFloat(width), height: CGFloat(height)))
pixelValues = intensities
}
return pixelValues
}
func compareImages(image1: UIImage, image2: UIImage) -> Double? {
guard let data1 = pixelValues(fromCGImage: image1.cgImage),
let data2 = pixelValues(fromCGImage: image2.cgImage),
data1.count == data2.count else {
return nil
}
let width = Double(image1.size.width)
let height = Double(image1.size.height)
return zip(data1, data2)
.enumerated()
.reduce(0.0) {
$1.offset % 4 == 3 ? $0 : $0 + abs(Double($1.element.0) - Double($1.element.1))
}
* 100 / (width * height * 3.0) / 255.0
}
let image1 = UIImage(named: "Lenna50")
let image2 = UIImage(named: "Lenna100")
compareImages(image1: image1, image2: image2)
Tcl
This version uses the Img package, but only to provide a convenient JPEG loader; it's utterly unnecessary for the process of actually computing the difference.
package require Tk
proc imageDifference {img1 img2} {
if {
[image width $img1] != [image width $img2] ||
[image height $img1] != [image height $img2]
} then {
return -code error "images are different size"
}
set diff 0
for {set x 0} {$x<[image width $img1]} {incr x} {
for {set y 0} {$y<[image height $img1]} {incr y} {
lassign [$img1 get $x $y] r1 g1 b1
lassign [$img2 get $x $y] r2 g2 b2
incr diff [expr {abs($r1-$r2)+abs($g1-$g2)+abs($b1-$b2)}]
}
}
expr {$diff/double($x*$y*3*255)}
}
# Package only used for JPEG loader
package require Img
image create photo lenna50 -file lenna50.jpg
image create photo lenna100 -file lenna100.jpg
puts "difference is [expr {[imageDifference lenna50 lenna100]*100.}]%"
exit ;# Need explicit exit here; don't want a GUI
It produces this output:
difference is 1.6255930981604882%
Vedit macro language
This implementation compares two BMP images.
Chdir("|(USER_MACRO)\Rosetta\data")
File_Open("Lenna50.bmp", BROWSE)
#10 = Buf_Num // #10 = buffer for 1st image
File_Open("Lenna100.bmp", BROWSE)
#20 = Buf_Num // #20 = buffer for 2nd image
Goto_Pos(10) // offset to pixel data
Goto_Pos(Cur_Char + Cur_Char(1)*256)
Buf_Switch(#10)
Goto_Pos(10)
Goto_Pos(Cur_Char + Cur_Char(1)*256)
#15 = 0 // #15 = difference
#16 = 0 // #16 = total number of samples
While(!At_EOF) {
#11 = Cur_Char; Char
Buf_Switch(#20)
#21 = Cur_Char; Char
#15 += abs(#11-#21)
#16++
Buf_Switch(#10)
}
#19 = #15 / (#16*256/100000)
M("Sum of diff: ") NT(#15)
M("Total bytes: ") NT(#16)
M("Difference: ") NT(#19/1000,LEFT+NOCR) M(".") NT(#19%1000,LEFT+NOCR) M("%\n")
Buf_Switch(#10) Buf_Quit(OK)
Buf_Switch(#20) Buf_Quit(OK)Output, when comparing the Lenna images that were converted to BMP:
Sum of diff: 3259967 Total bytes: 786432 Difference: 1.619%
Wren
import "graphics" for Canvas, Color, ImageData
import "dome" for Window
class PercentageDifference {
construct new(width, height, image1, image2) {
Window.title = "Perecentage difference between images"
Window.resize(width, height)
Canvas.resize(width, height)
_img1 = ImageData.loadFromFile(image1)
_img2 = ImageData.loadFromFile(image2)
// display images side by side
_img1.draw(0, 0)
_img2.draw(550, 0)
Canvas.print(image1, 200, 525, Color.white)
Canvas.print(image2, 750, 525, Color.white)
}
init() {
var dpc = (getDifferencePercent(_img1, _img2) * 1e5).round / 1e5
System.print("Percentage difference between images: %(dpc)\%")
}
getDifferencePercent(img1, img2) {
var width = img1.width
var height = img1.height
var width2 = img2.width
var height2 = img2.height
if (width != width2 || height != height2) {
var f = "(%(width), %(height)) vs. (%(width2), %(height2))"
Fiber.abort("Images must have the same dimensions: %(f)")
}
var diff = 0
for (y in 0...height) {
for (x in 0...width) {
diff = diff + pixelDiff(img1.pget(x, y), img2.pget(x, y))
}
}
var maxDiff = 3 * 255 * width * height
return 100 * diff / maxDiff
}
pixelDiff(c1, c2) { (c1.r - c2.r).abs + (c1.g - c2.g).abs + (c1.b - c2.b).abs }
update() {}
draw(alpha) {}
}
var Game = PercentageDifference.new(1100, 550, "Lenna50.jpg", "Lenna100.jpg")
- Output:
Percentage difference between images: 1.62607%
zkl
Uses the PPM class from http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm#zkl
fcn imageDiff(img1,img2){
if(img1.w!=img2.w or img1.h!=img2.h)
throw(Exception.ValueError("width/height of the images must match!"));
img1.data.howza(0).walker().zip(img2.data.howza(0)) // lazy bytes, not strings
.reduce(fcn(totalDiff,[(a,b)]){ totalDiff + (a - b).abs() },0)
.toFloat()/img1.w/img1.h/3/255; // or: .toFloat()/img1.data.len()/255
}Take the bytes in each image, zip them together [lazily], sum the differences between each byte and normalize.
fcn readJPG2PPM(fileName){
p:=System.popen("convert \"%s\" ppm:-".fmt(fileName),"r");
img:=PPM.readPPM(p);
p.close();
img
}Use the convert utility from ImageMagick to convert a JPEG image to PPM.
imageDiff(readJPG2PPM("lenna50.jpg"),readJPG2PPM("lenna100.jpg")) :
"Image difference = %f%%".fmt(_*100).println();Compute the diff between the two Lennas, format and print it. More conventionally, this would be written as
println("Image difference = %f%%".fmt(
imageDiff(readJPG2PPM("lenna50.jpg"),readJPG2PPM("lenna100.jpg")) * 100)
);- Output:
512 512 # verbiage from convert 512 512 Image difference = 1.624730%
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