Align columns: Difference between revisions
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<pre style="height:15ex;overflow:scroll">Align left ...
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line
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Revision as of 07:39, 30 September 2010
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Use the following text to test your programs:
Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.
Note that:
- The example input texts lines may, or may not, have trailing dollar characters.
- All columns should share the same alignment.
- Consecutive space characters produced adjacent to the end of lines are insignificant for the purposes of the task.
- Output text will be viewed in a mono-spaced font.
Ada
<lang ada>with Ada.Characters.Latin_1; use Ada.Characters.Latin_1; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; with Strings_Edit; use Strings_Edit;
procedure Column_Aligner is
Text : constant String := "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$" & NUL & "are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program" & NUL & "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$" & NUL & "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space." & NUL & "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$" & NUL & "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column." & NUL; File : File_Type; Width : array (1..1_000) of Natural := (others => 0); Line : String (1..200); Column : Positive := 1; Start : Positive := 1; Pointer : Positive;
begin
Create (File, Out_File, "columned.txt"); -- Determining the widths of columns for I in Text'Range loop case Text (I) is when '$' | NUL => Width (Column) := Natural'Max (Width (Column), I - Start + 1); Start := I + 1; if Text (I) = NUL then Column := 1; else Column := Column + 1; end if; when others => null; end case; end loop; -- Formatting for Align in Alignment loop Column := 1; Start := 1; Pointer := 1; for I in Text'Range loop case Text (I) is when '$' | NUL => Put -- Formatted output of a word ( Destination => Line, Pointer => Pointer, Value => Text (Start..I - 1), Field => Width (Column), Justify => Align ); Start := I + 1; if Text (I) = NUL then Put_Line (File, Line (1..Pointer - 1)); Pointer := 1; Column := 1; else Column := Column + 1; end if; when others => null; end case; end loop; end loop; Close (File);
end Column_Aligner;</lang> Formatted file sample:
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68>STRING nl = REPR 10; STRING text in list := "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$"+nl+
"are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program"+nl+ "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$"+nl+ "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space."+nl+ "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$"+nl+ "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.";
MODE PAGE = FLEX[0,0]STRING; PAGE page;
PROC flex page = (PAGE in page, INT row, col)PAGE:(
HEAP FLEX[row, col]STRING out page; out page[:1 UPB in page, :2 UPB in page] := in page; FOR r TO row DO FOR c FROM 2 UPB in page + 1 TO col DO out page[r,c]:="" OD OD; FOR r FROM 1 UPB in page + 1 TO row DO FOR c FROM 1 TO col DO out page[r,c]:="" OD OD; out page
);
FILE text in file; associate(text in file, text in list); make term(text in file, "$");
on physical file end(text in file, (REF FILE skip)BOOL: stop iteration); on logical file end(text in file, (REF FILE skip)BOOL: stop iteration); FOR row DO
on line end(text in file, (REF FILE skip)BOOL: stop iteration); FOR col DO STRING tok; getf(text in file, ($gx$,tok)); IF row > 1 UPB page THEN page := flex page(page, row, 2 UPB page) FI; IF col > 2 UPB page THEN page := flex page(page, 1 UPB page, col) FI; page[row,col]:=tok OD; stop iteration: SKIP
OD; stop iteration:
SKIP;
BEGIN
PROC aligner = (PAGE in page, PROC (STRING,INT)STRING aligner)VOID:( PAGE page := in page; [2 UPB page]INT max width; FOR col TO 2 UPB page DO INT max len:=0; FOR row TO UPB page DO IF UPB page[row,col]>max len THEN max len:=UPB page[row,col] FI OD; FOR row TO UPB page DO page[row,col] := aligner(page[row,col], maxlen) OD OD; printf(($n(UPB page)(n(2 UPB page -1)(gx)gl)$,page)) );
PROC left = (STRING in, INT len)STRING: in + " "*(len - UPB in), right = (STRING in, INT len)STRING: " "*(len - UPB in) + in, centre = (STRING in, INT len)STRING: ( INT pad=len-UPB in; pad%2*" "+ in + (pad-pad%2)*" " ); []STRUCT(STRING name, PROC(STRING,INT)STRING align) aligners = (("Left",left), ("Left",right), ("Centre",centre)); FOR index TO UPB aligners DO print((new line, "# ",name OF aligners[index]," Column-aligned output:",new line)); aligner(page, align OF aligners[index]) OD
END</lang>
AutoHotkey
<lang AutoHotkey>lines = ( |$|$|$|$|$|$|$|$|$|$|$| Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column. )
Clipboard := ColumnJustify(lines, "l")
MsgBox, , Column Justify, The clipboard now contains the justified text. Paste it into a text editor to see it.
ColumnJustify(lines, lcr = "l", del="$") {
Loop, Parse, lines, `n, `r Loop, Parse, A_LoopField, %del% { If ((t := StrLen(A_LoopField)) > c%A_Index% ) c%A_Index% := t If (t > max) max := t } blank := Fill( " ", max ) If (lcr = "l") ;left-justify Loop, Parse, lines, `n, `r Loop, Parse, A_LoopField, %del% out .= (A_Index = 1 ? "`n" : " ") SubStr(A_LoopField blank, 1, c%A_Index%) Else If (lcr = "r") ;right-justify Loop, Parse, lines, `n, `r Loop, Parse, A_LoopField, %del% out .= (A_Index = 1 ? "`n" : " ") SubStr(blank A_LoopField, -c%A_Index%+1) Else If (lcr = "c") ;center-justify Loop, Parse, lines, `n, `r Loop, Parse, A_LoopField, %del% out .= (A_Index = 1 ? "`n" : " ") SubStr(blank A_LoopField blank , (Ceil((max * 2 + StrLen(A_LoopField))/2) - Ceil(c%A_Index%/2) + 1) , c%A_Index%) return SubStr(out, 2)
}
Fill(chr, len) {
static y if !y VarSetCapacity(x, 64), VarSetCapacity(x, 0), y := True return x, VarSetCapacity(x, len, Asc(chr))
}</lang>
AWK
<lang awk>BEGIN {
FS="$" lcounter = 1 maxfield = 0 # justistification; pick up one #justify = "left" justify = "center" #justify = "right"
} {
if ( NF > maxfield ) maxfield = NF; for(i=1; i <= NF; i++) { line[lcounter,i] = $i if ( longest[i] == "" ) longest[i] = 0; if ( length($i) > longest[i] ) longest[i] = length($i); } lcounter++
} END {
just = (justify == "left") ? "-" : "" for(i=1; i <= NR; i++) { for(j=1; j <= maxfield; j++) { if ( justify != "center" ) {
template = "%" just longest[j] "s "
} else {
v = int((longest[j] - length(line[i,j]))/2) rt = "%" v+1 "s%%-%ds" template = sprintf(rt, "", longest[j] - v)
} printf(template, line[i,j]) } print "" }
}</lang>
C
See Column Aligner/C
C++
C#
Uses a delegate, which were added to the language in C# 2, to define left-, right-, or center-justified.
<lang csharp>using System; class ColumnAlignerProgram {
delegate string Justification(string s, int width);
static string[] AlignColumns(string[] lines, Justification justification) { const char Separator = '$'; // build input table and calculate columns count string[][] table = new string[lines.Length][]; int columns = 0; for (int i = 0; i < lines.Length; i++) { string[] row = lines[i].TrimEnd(Separator).Split(Separator); if (columns < row.Length) columns = row.Length; table[i] = row; } // create formatted table string[][] formattedTable = new string[table.Length][]; for (int i = 0; i < formattedTable.Length; i++) { formattedTable[i] = new string[columns]; } for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) { // get max column width int columnWidth = 0; for (int i = 0; i < table.Length; i++) { if (j < table[i].Length && columnWidth < table[i][j].Length) columnWidth = table[i][j].Length; } // justify column cells for (int i = 0; i < formattedTable.Length; i++) { if (j < table[i].Length) formattedTable[i][j] = justification(table[i][j], columnWidth); else formattedTable[i][j] = new String(' ', columnWidth); } } // create result string[] result = new string[formattedTable.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++) { result[i] = String.Join(" ", formattedTable[i]); } return result; }
static string JustifyLeft(string s, int width) { return s.PadRight(width); } static string JustifyRight(string s, int width) { return s.PadLeft(width); } static string JustifyCenter(string s, int width) { return s.PadLeft((width + s.Length) / 2).PadRight(width); }
static void Main() { string[] input = { "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$", "are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program", "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$", "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space.", "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$", "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.", };
foreach (string line in AlignColumns(input, JustifyCenter)) { Console.WriteLine(line); } }
}</lang>
Output (centered):
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Clojure
<lang Clojure> (ns align (:use clojure.contrib.fcase))
- Returns the list of words between $ characters in string.
(defn split [string]
(let [[before after] (split-with (partial not= \$) string)] (if (empty? after) `(~(apply str before)) (cons (apply str before) (split (rest after))))))
(defn find-widths [lst-of-lines]
(let [all-widths (map (fn [line] (map count line)) lst-of-lines)] (let [field-count (apply max (map count all-widths))] (let [all-widths (map #(take field-count (concat % (repeat 0))) all-widths)] (apply map max all-widths)))))
(defn pad [lst-of-lst filler]
(let [max-size (apply max (map count lst-of-lst))] (map #(take max-size (concat % (repeat filler))) lst-of-lst)))
(defn read-all [in-stream]
(map split (line-seq in-stream)))
(defn half [x]
[(quot x 2) (+ (mod x 2) (quot x 2))])
(defn spaces [cnt]
(apply str (repeat cnt " ")))
(defn do-print [just widths line]
(if (empty? widths) (newline) (let [wid (first widths) wrd (first line)] (let [diff (- wid (count wrd))] (case just :left (print (str wrd (spaces (inc diff)))) :right (print (str (spaces diff) wrd " ")) :centre (let [[lhs rhs] (half diff)] (print (str (spaces lhs) wrd (spaces (inc rhs))))) (throw (IllegalArgumentException.))) (recur just (rest widths) (rest line))))))
(defn align-columns
; Default is left-justified alignment of standard input ([] (align-columns :left *in*)) ([just] (align-columns just *in*)) ([just in-stream] (let [data (read-all in-stream)] (let [widths (find-widths data) data (pad data "")] (doseq [line data] (do-print just widths line))))))
</lang>
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(defun nonempty (seq)
(position-if (lambda (x) (declare (ignore x)) t) seq))
(defun split (delim seq) "Splits seq on delim into a list of subsequences. Trailing empty subsequences are removed."
(labels ((f (seq &aux (pos (position delim seq))) (if pos (cons (subseq seq 0 pos) (f (subseq seq (1+ pos)))) (list seq)))) (let* ((list (f seq)) (end (position-if #'nonempty list :from-end t))) (subseq list 0 (1+ end)))))
(defun lengthen (list minlen filler-elem &aux (len (length list))) "Destructively pads list with filler-elem up to minlen."
(if (< len minlen) (nconc list (make-list (- minlen len) :initial-element filler-elem)) list))
(defun align-columns (text &key (align :left) &aux
(fmtmod (case align (:left "@") (:right ":") (:center "@:") (t (error "Invalid alignment.")))) (fields (mapcar (lambda (line) (split #\$ line)) (split #\Newline text))) (mostcols (loop for l in fields maximize (length l))) widest) (setf fields (mapcar (lambda (l) (lengthen l mostcols "")) fields)) (setf widest (loop for col below (length (first fields)) collect (loop for row in fields maximize (length (elt row col))))) (format nil (with-output-to-string (s) (princ "~{~{" s) (dolist (w widest) (format s "~~~d~a<~~a~~>" (1+ w) fmtmod)) (princ "~}~%~}" s)) fields))</lang>
D
This example allows selection of right- and left-favoring center alignments, defaulting to left-favoring center alignment. <lang d>import std.stdio; import std.string; char[]text = "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$\n" "are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program\n" "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$\n" "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space.\n" "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$\n" "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.";
enum PadType {
LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER, LEFT_CENTER, RIGHT_CENTER
}
int main() {
char[][]lines = text.split("\n"); char[][][]words; int[]maxlens; foreach(line;lines) { words ~= line.split("$"); // make sure we have enough slots in maxlens if (words[$-1].length > maxlens.length) { maxlens.length = words[$-1].length; } foreach(i,word;words[$-1]) { if (word.length > maxlens[i]) maxlens[i] = word.length; } } // output everything with all 3 padding types foreach(line;words) { foreach(i,ref word;line) { writef("%s ",padData(word,maxlens[i],PadType.LEFT)); } writefln(""); } foreach(line;words) { foreach(i,ref word;line) { writef("%s ",padData(word,maxlens[i],PadType.RIGHT)); } writefln(""); } foreach(line;words) { foreach(i,ref word;line) { writef("%s ",padData(word,maxlens[i],PadType.CENTER)); } writefln(""); } return 0;
}
char[]padData(char[]data,int length,PadType type) {
int diff = length - data.length; switch(type) { case PadType.CENTER: case PadType.LEFT_CENTER: // the +1 in the second part takes care of odd differences, since this is integer math // odd differences will result in a slight left-of-center alignment return repeat(" ",diff/2)~data~repeat(" ",(diff+1)/2); case PadType.RIGHT_CENTER: // the +1 in the second part takes care of odd differences, since this is integer math // odd differences will result in a slight right-of-center alignment return repeat(" ",(diff+1)/2)~data~repeat(" ",diff/2); case PadType.RIGHT: return repeat(" ",diff)~data; case PadType.LEFT: return data~repeat(" ",diff); }
}</lang>
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
E
<lang e>pragma.enable("accumulator")
def left(width, word) {
return word + " " * (width - word.size())
}
def center(width, word) {
def leftCount := (width - word.size()) // 2 return " " * leftCount + word + " " * (width - word.size() - leftCount)
}
def right(width, word) {
return " " * (width - word.size()) + word
}
def alignColumns(align, text) {
def split := accum [] for line in text.split("\n") { _.with(line.split("$")) } var widths := [] for line in split { for i => word in line { widths with= (i, widths.fetch(i, fn{0}).max(word.size())) } } return accum "" for line in split { _ + accum "" for i => word in line { _ + align(widths[i] + 1, word) } + "\n" }
}</lang>
<lang e>? def text := "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column."; null
? println(alignColumns(left, text)) Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
? println(alignColumns(center, text))
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left
justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
? println(alignColumns(right, text))
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.</lang>
Factor
<lang factor>USING: fry io kernel math math.functions math.order sequences splitting strings ; IN: rosetta.column-aligner
CONSTANT: example-text "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column."
- split-and-pad ( text -- lines )
"\n" split [ "$" split harvest ] map dup [ length ] [ max ] map-reduce '[ _ "" pad-tail ] map ;
- column-widths ( columns -- widths )
[ [ length ] [ max ] map-reduce ] map ;
SINGLETONS: +left+ +middle+ +right+ ;
GENERIC: align-string ( str n alignment -- str' )
M: +left+ align-string drop CHAR: space pad-tail ; M: +right+ align-string drop CHAR: space pad-head ;
M: +middle+ align-string
drop over length - 2 / [ floor CHAR: space <string> ] [ ceiling CHAR: space <string> ] bi surround ;
- align-columns ( columns alignment -- columns' )
[ dup column-widths ] dip '[ [ _ align-string ] curry map ] 2map ;
- print-aligned ( text alignment -- )
[ split-and-pad flip ] dip align-columns flip [ [ write " " write ] each nl ] each ;</lang>
example-text { +left+ +middle+ +right+ } [ print-aligned ] with each
Groovy
Solution: <lang groovy>def alignColumns = { align, rawText ->
def lines = rawText.tokenize('\n') def words = lines.collect { it.tokenize(/\$/) } def maxLineWords = words.collect {it.size()}.max() words = words.collect { line -> line + [] * (maxLineWords - line.size()) } def columnWidths = words.transpose().collect{ column -> column.collect { it.size() }.max() }
def justify = [ Right : { width, string -> string.padLeft(width) }, Left : { width, string -> string.padRight(width) }, Center : { width, string -> string.center(width) } ] def padAll = { pad, colWidths, lineWords -> [colWidths, lineWords].transpose().collect { pad(it) + ' ' } }
words.each { padAll(justify[align], columnWidths, it).each { print it }; println() }
}</lang>
Test Program: <lang groovy>def rawTextInput = Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.
['Left', 'Center', 'Right'].each { align ->
println "${align} Justified:" alignColumns(align, rawTextInput) println()
}</lang>
Output:
Left Justified: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Center Justified: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Right Justified: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Data.List import Control.Monad import Control.Arrow
dat = "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$\n" ++
"are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program\n" ++ "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$\n" ++ "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space.\n" ++ "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$\n" ++ "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.\n"
brkdwn = takeWhile (not.null) . unfoldr (Just . second (drop 1) . span ('$'/=))
format j ls = map (unwords. zipWith align colw) rows
where rows = map brkdwn $ lines ls colw = map (maximum. map length) . transpose $ rows align cw w = case j of 'c' -> (replicate l ' ') ++ w ++ (replicate r ' ') 'r' -> (replicate dl ' ') ++ w 'l' -> w ++ (replicate dl ' ') where dl = cw-length w (l,r) = (dl `div` 2, dl-l)</lang>
output example:
*Main> mapM_ putStrLn $ format 'c' dat Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
HicEst
A file opened with a Format option describing the column format(s) can be addressed like a standard in-memory array. In addition the DLG function (MatrixExplorer) allows this text/numeric file to be edited or visualized in many ways, but string columns are always left adjusted while numeric columns are right adjusted. Export is possible. <lang HicEst> CHARACTER Fnam = "\HicEst\Rosetta\Align columns.txt"
OPEN(FIle=Fnam, Format="12$", LENgth=rows)
! call the DLG function in MatrixExplorer mode:
DLG(Edit=Fnam, Format='12A10') ! left adjusted, 12 columns, 10 spaces each
! or the standard way:
CALL Align( "LLLLLLLLLLL ", Fnam, rows) ! left align CALL Align( "CCCCCCCCCCC ", Fnam, rows) ! center align CALL Align( "RRRRRRRRRRR ", Fnam, rows) ! right align
END
SUBROUTINE Align(picture, filename, rows)
CHARACTER picture, filename CHARACTER out*400, txt*20
W = LEN(picture) DO i = 1, rows out = " " DO j = 0, 100 txt = filename(i, j+1, *9) ! on error branch to label 9 WRITE(Text=out(j*W+1 : ), Format=picture) txt ENDDO 9 CONTINUE WRITE() out ENDDO
END</lang>
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Icon and Unicon
Icon
An argument of left, center, or right controls the column alignment. The default is left-alignment. <lang icon>global width
procedure main(args)
lines := [] width := 0 format := left match("left"|"right"|"center", format <- !args) every put(lines,prepare(!&input)) display(lines, proc(format,3))
end
procedure prepare(lines)
line := [] lines ? { while (not pos(0)) & (field := tab(upto('$')|0)) do { put(line, field) width <:= *field move(1) } } return line
end
procedure display(lines, format)
width +:= 1 every line := !lines do { every writes(format(!line, width)) write() }
end</lang>
Sample run:
->align right <align.txt Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. ->
Unicon
The Icon solution also works with Unicon.
J
Solution <lang j>'LEFT CENTER RIGHT'=: i.3 NB. justification constants
NB.* alignCols v Format delimited text in justified columns NB. y: text to format NB. rows marked by last character in text NB. columns marked by $ NB. optional x: justification. Default is LEFT NB. result: text table alignCols=: verb define
LEFT alignCols y NB. default
global=. dyad def'9!:x y'each oldbox=. 6 16 global ; NB. save settings 7 17 global (11#' ');,~x NB. apply new settings result=. _2{:\ ": <;._2 @:,&'$';._2 y NB. parse & format text 7 17 global oldbox NB. restore settings result
)</lang>
Example: <lang j> text=: noun define Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column. )
alignCols text NB. default justification Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
CENTER alignCols text NB. specify desired justification as left argument Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.</lang>
JavaScript
<lang JavaScript> var justification="center", input=["Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$", "are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program", "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$", "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space.", "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$", "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column."], x,y,cols,max,cols=0,diff,left,right
String.prototype.repeat=function(n){return new Array(1 + parseInt(n)).join(this);}
for(x=0;x<input.length;x++) {
input[x]=input[x].split("$"); if(input[x].length>cols) cols=input[x].length;
} for(x=0;x<cols;x++) {
max=0; for(y=0;y<input.length;y++) if(input[y][x]&&max<input[y][x].length) max=input[y][x].length; for(y=0;y<input.length;y++) if(input[y][x]) { diff=(max-input[y][x].length)/2; left=" ".repeat(Math.floor(diff)); right=" ".repeat(Math.ceil(diff)); if(justification=="left") {right+=left;left=""} if(justification=="right") {left+=right;right=""} input[y][x]=left+input[y][x]+right; }
} for(x=0;x<input.length;x++) input[x]=input[x].join(" "); input=input.join("\n"); document.write(input);</lang>
Lua
<lang lua> local tWord = {} -- word table local tColLen = {} -- maximum word length in a column local rowCount = 0 -- row counter --store maximum column lengths at 'tColLen'; save words into 'tWord' table local function readInput(pStr)
for line in pStr:gmatch("([^\n]+)[\n]-") do -- read until '\n' character rowCount = rowCount + 1 tWord[rowCount] = {} -- create new row local colCount = 0 for word in line:gmatch("[^$]+") do -- read non '$' character colCount = colCount + 1 tColLen[colCount] = math.max((tColLen[colCount] or 0), #word) -- store column length tWord[rowCount][colCount] = word -- store words end--for word end--for line
end--readInput --repeat space to align the words in the same column local align = {
["left"] = function (pWord, pColLen) local n = (pColLen or 0) - #pWord + 1 return pWord .. (" "):rep(n) end;--["left"] ["right"] = function (pWord, pColLen) local n = (pColLen or 0) - #pWord + 1 return (" "):rep(n) .. pWord end;--["right"] ["center"] = function (pWord, pColLen) local n = (pColLen or 0) - #pWord + 1 local n1 = math.floor(n/2) return (" "):rep(n1) .. pWord .. (" "):rep(n-n1) end;--["center"]
} --word table padder local function padWordTable(pAlignment)
local alignFunc = align[pAlignment] -- selecting the spacer function for rowCount, tRow in ipairs(tWord) do for colCount, word in ipairs(tRow) do tRow[colCount] = alignFunc(word, tColLen[colCount]) -- save the padded words into the word table end--for colCount, word end--for rowCount, tRow
end--padWordTable --main interface
[]
function alignColumn(pStr, pAlignment, pFileName)
[]
readInput(pStr) -- store column lengths and words padWordTable(pAlignment or "left") -- pad the stored words local output = "" for rowCount, tRow in ipairs(tWord) do local line = table.concat(tRow) -- concatenate words in one row print(line) -- print the line output = output .. line .. "\n" -- concatenate the line for output, add line break end--for rowCount, tRow if (type(pFileName) == "string") then local file = io.open(pFileName, "w+") file:write(output) -- write output to file file:close() end--if type(pFileName) return output
end--alignColumn </lang>
Usage Example:
<lang lua> input = [[Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.]]
outputLeft = alignColumn(input)
outputRight = alignColumn(input, "right")
alignColumn(input, "center", "output.txt")
</lang>
MUMPS
<lang MUMPS>columns(how) ; how = "Left", "Center" or "Right" New col,half,ii,max,spaces,word Set ii=0 Set ii=ii+1,line(ii)="Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$" Set ii=ii+1,line(ii)="are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program" Set ii=ii+1,line(ii)="that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$" Set ii=ii+1,line(ii)="column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space." Set ii=ii+1,line(ii)="Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$" Set ii=ii+1,line(ii)="justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column." Set ii="" For Set ii=$Order(line(ii)) Quit:ii="" Do . For col=1:1:$Length(line(ii),"$") Do . . Set max=$Length($Piece(line(ii),"$",col)) . . Set:max>$Get(max(col)) max(col)=max . . Quit . Quit Set ii="" For Set ii=$Order(line(ii)) Quit:ii="" Do . Write ! For col=1:1:$Length(line(ii),"$") Do:$Get(max(col)) . . Set word=$Piece(line(ii),"$",col) . . Set spaces=$Justify("",max(col)-$Length(word)) . . If how="Left" Write word,spaces," " Quit . . If how="Right" Write spaces,word," " Quit . . Set half=$Length(spaces)\2 . . Write $Extract(spaces,1,half),word,$Extract(spaces,half+1,$Length(spaces))," " . . Quit . Quit Write ! Quit Do columns("Left")
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Do columns("Center")
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left
justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Do columns("Right")
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left
justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.</lang>
OCaml
<lang ocaml>#load "str.cma" open Str
let input = "\ Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column."
let () =
let lines = split (regexp_string "\n") input in let fields_l = List.map (split (regexp_string "$")) lines in let fields_l = List.map Array.of_list fields_l in let n = (* number of columns *) List.fold_left (fun n fields -> max n (Array.length fields)) 0 fields_l in let pads = Array.make n 0 in List.iter ( (* calculate the max padding for each column *) Array.iteri (fun i word -> pads.(i) <- max pads.(i) (String.length word)) ) fields_l;
let print f = List.iter (fun fields -> Array.iteri (fun i word -> f word (pads.(i) - (String.length word)) ) fields; print_newline() ) fields_l; in
(* left column-aligned output *) print (fun word pad -> let spaces = String.make pad ' ' in Printf.printf "%s%s " word spaces);
(* right column-aligned output *) print (fun word pad -> let spaces = String.make pad ' ' in Printf.printf "%s%s " spaces word);
(* center column-aligned output *) print (fun word pad -> let pad1 = pad / 2 in let pad2 = pad - pad1 in let sp1 = String.make pad1 ' ' in let sp2 = String.make pad2 ' ' in Printf.printf "%s%s%s " sp1 word sp2);
- </lang>
Oz
<lang oz>declare
%% Lines: list of strings %% Alignment: function like fun {Left Txt ExtraSpace} ... end %% Returns: list of aligned (virtual) strings fun {Align Lines Alignment} ParsedLines = {Map Lines ParseLine} NumColumns = {Maximum {Map ParsedLines Record.width}} %% maps column index to column width: WidthOfColumn = {Record.map {TupleRange NumColumns} fun {$ ColumnIndex} fun {LengthOfThisColumn ParsedLine} {Length {CondSelect ParsedLine ColumnIndex nil}} end in {Maximum {Map ParsedLines LengthOfThisColumn}} end} in {Map ParsedLines fun {$ Columns} {Record.mapInd Columns fun {$ ColumnIndex ColumnText} Extra = WidthOfColumn.ColumnIndex - {Length ColumnText} in {Alignment ColumnText Extra}#" " end} end} end
%% A parsed line is a tuple of columns. %% "a$b$c" -> '#'(1:"a" 2:"b" 3:"c") fun {ParseLine Line} {List.toTuple '#' {String.tokens Line &$}} end
%% possible alignments: fun {Left Txt Extra} Txt#{Spaces Extra} end
fun {Right Txt Extra} {Spaces Extra}#Txt end
fun {Center Txt Extra} Half = Extra div 2 in {Spaces Half}#Txt#{Spaces Half + Extra mod 2} end
%% helpers: %% 3 -> unit(1 2 3) fun {TupleRange Max} {List.toTuple unit {List.number 1 Max 1}} end
fun {Maximum X|Xr} {FoldL Xr Value.max X} end
fun {Spaces N} case N of 0 then nil else & |{Spaces N-1} end end
Lines = ["Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$" "are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program" "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$" "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space." "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$" "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column."]
in
{ForAll {Align Lines Left} System.showInfo}</lang>
Perl
<lang Perl>#/usr/bin/perl -w use strict ;
die "Call : perl columnaligner.pl <inputfile> <printorientation>!\n" unless
@ARGV == 2 ; #$ARGV[ 0 ] contains example file , $ARGV[1] any of 'left' , 'right' or 'center'
die "last argument must be one of center, left or right!\n" unless
$ARGV[ 1 ] =~ /center|left|right/ ;
sub printLines( $$$ ) ; open INFILE , "<" , "$ARGV[ 0 ]" or die "Can't open $ARGV[ 0 ]!\n" ; my @lines = <INFILE> ; close INFILE ; chomp @lines ; my @fieldwidths = map length, split /\$/ , $lines[ 0 ] ; foreach my $i ( 1..$#lines ) {
my @words = split /\$/ , $lines[ $i ] ; foreach my $j ( 0..$#words ) { if ( $j <= $#fieldwidths ) { if ( length $words[ $j ] > $fieldwidths[ $j ] ) { $fieldwidths[ $j ] = length $words[ $j ] ; } } else { push @fieldwidths, length $words[ $j ] ; } }
} printLine( $_ , $ARGV[ 1 ] , \@fieldwidths ) foreach @lines ;
- ####
sub printLine {
my $line = shift ; my $orientation = shift ; my $widthref = shift ; my @words = split /\$/, $line ; foreach my $k ( 0..$#words ) { my $printwidth = $widthref->[ $k ] + 1 ; if ( $orientation eq 'center' ) { $printwidth++ ; } if ( $orientation eq 'left' ) { print $words[ $k ] ; print " " x ( $printwidth - length $words[ $k ] ) ; } elsif ( $orientation eq 'right' ) { print " " x ( $printwidth - length $words[ $k ] ) ; print $words[ $k ] ; } elsif ( $orientation eq 'center' ) { my $left = int( ( $printwidth - length $words[ $k ] ) / 2 ) ; my $right = $printwidth - length( $words[ $k ] ) - $left ; print " " x $left ; print $words[ $k ] ; print " " x $right ; } } print "\n" ;
}</lang> a shorter solution <lang perl>use List::Util qw(max);
sub columns {
my @lines = map [split /\$/] => split /\n/ => shift; my $pos = {qw/left 0 center 1 right 2/}->{+shift}; for my $col (0 .. max map {$#$_} @lines) { my $max = max my @widths = map {length $_->[$col]} @lines; for my $row (0 .. $#lines) { my @pad = map {' ' x $_, ' ' x ($_ + 0.5)} ($max - $widths[$row]) / 2; for ($lines[$row][$col]) {$_ = join => @pad[0 .. $pos-1], $_, @pad[$pos .. $#pad]} } } join => map {"@$_\n"} @lines
}
print columns <<'END', $_ for qw(left right center); Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column. END</lang>
Perl 6
<lang Perl 6>###to be called with perl6 columnaligner.pl <orientation>(left, center , right )
- with left as default
my $fh = open "example.txt" , :r or die "Can't read text file!\n" ; my @filelines = $fh.lines ; close $fh ; my @maxcolwidths ; #array of the longest words per column
- fill the array with values#####################
for @filelines -> $line {
my @words = $line.split( "\$" ) ; for 0..@words.elems - 1 -> $i { if @maxcolwidths[ $i ] {
if @words[ $i ].chars > @maxcolwidths[$i] { @maxcolwidths[ $i ] = @words[ $i ].chars ; }
} else {
@maxcolwidths.push( @words[ $i ].chars ) ;
} }
} my $justification = @*ARGS[ 0 ] || "left" ;
- print lines , $gap holds the number of spaces, 1 to be added
- to allow for space preceding or following longest word
for @filelines -> $line {
my @words = $line.split( "\$" ) ; for 0..@words.elems - 1 -> $i { my $gap = @maxcolwidths[$i] - @words[$i].chars + 1 ; if $justification eq "left" {
print @words[ $i ] ~ " " x $gap ;
} elsif $justification eq "right" {
print " " x $gap ~ @words[$i] ;
} elsif $justification eq "center" {
$gap = ( @maxcolwidths[ $i ] + 2 - @words[$i].chars ) div 2 ; print " " x $gap ~ @words[$i] ~ " " x $gap ;
} } say ; #for the newline
}</lang>
PHP
<lang php><?php $j2justtype = array('L' => STR_PAD_RIGHT,
'R' => STR_PAD_LEFT, 'C' => STR_PAD_BOTH);
/**
Justify columns of textual tabular input where the record separator is the newline and the field separator is a 'dollar' character. justification can be L, R, or C; (Left, Right, or Centered). Return the justified output as a string
- /
function aligner($str, $justification = 'L') {
global $j2justtype; assert(array_key_exists($justification, $j2justtype)); $justtype = $j2justtype[$justification];
$fieldsbyrow = array(); foreach (explode("\n", $str) as $line) $fieldsbyrow[] = explode('$', $line); $maxfields = max(array_map('count', $fieldsbyrow));
foreach (range(0, $maxfields-1) as $col) { $maxwidth = 0; foreach ($fieldsbyrow as $fields) $maxwidth = max($maxwidth, strlen($fields[$col])); foreach ($fieldsbyrow as &$fields) $fields[$col] = str_pad($fields[$col], $maxwidth, ' ', $justtype); unset($fields); // see http://bugs.php.net/29992 } $result = ; foreach ($fieldsbyrow as $fields) $result .= implode(' ', $fields) . "\n"; return $result;
}
$textinfile = 'Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$\'dollar\'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.';
foreach (array('L', 'R', 'C') as $j)
echo aligner($textinfile, $j);
?></lang>
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(let Sizes NIL # Build a list of sizes
(let Lines # and of lines (make (in "input.txt" # Reading input file (while (split (line) "$") # delimited by '$' (let (L (link (mapcar pack @)) S Sizes) (setq Sizes # Maintain sizes (make (while (or L S) (link (max (inc (length (pop 'L))) (pop 'S) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (for L Lines # Print lines (prinl (apply align L (mapcar - Sizes))) ) # left aligned (prinl) (for L Lines (prinl (apply align L Sizes)) ) # right aligned (prinl) (for L Lines (prinl (apply center L Sizes)) ) ) ) # and centered</lang>
Output:
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
PL/I
<lang PL/I> declare text character (300) varying; declare word character (20) varying; declare justification character (1); declare k fixed binary; declare input file, output file output;
open file (input) title ( '/CENTER.DAT,type(text),recsize(1000)' ); open file (output) title ( '/OUT.TXT,type(text),recsize(1000)' ); on endfile (input) stop;
display ('Specify whether justification is left, centered, or right'); display ('Reply with a single letter: L, C, or R'); get edit (justification) (A(1));
do forever;
get file (input) edit (text) (L); put skip list (text); text = trim(text, '$', '$'); do until (k = 0); k = index(text, '$'); if k = 0 then /* last word in line */ word = text; else do; word = substr(text, 1, k-1); text = substr(text, k); text = trim(text, '$'); end; select (justification); when ('C', 'c') word = center(word, maxlength(word)); when ('R', 'r') word = right (word, maxlength(word)); otherwise ; /* The default is left adjusted. */ end; put file (output) edit (word) (a(maxlength(word))); end; put file (output) skip;
end; </lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>Declare max(a,b)
If OpenConsole()
Define a, i, x, y, maxlen Dim txt.s(0) Restore lines ; Get address of the first data block Read.i a ReDim txt(a) For i=0 To a ; Read the raw data lines Read.s txt(i) txt(i)=Trim(txt(i),"$") ; Remove any bad '$' that may be useless in the end... x=max(CountString(txt(i),"$"),x) Next y=a Dim matrix.s(x,y) ; Set up a nice matrix to work with, each word cleanly separated For x=0 To ArraySize(matrix(),1) For y=0 To ArraySize(matrix(),2) matrix(x,y)=StringField(txt(y),x+1,"$") maxlen=max(maxlen,Len(matrix(x,y))) Next Next If maxlen%2 maxlen+1 ; Just to make sure that 'centered' output looks nice.... EndIf PrintN(#CRLF$+"---- Right ----") For y=0 To ArraySize(matrix(),2) For x=0 To ArraySize(matrix(),1) Print(RSet(matrix(x,y),maxlen+1)) Next PrintN("") Next PrintN(#CRLF$+"---- Left ----") For y=0 To ArraySize(matrix(),2) For x=0 To ArraySize(matrix(),1) Print(LSet(matrix(x,y),maxlen+1)) Next PrintN("") Next PrintN(#CRLF$+"---- Center ----") For y=0 To ArraySize(matrix(),2) For x=0 To ArraySize(matrix(),1) a=maxlen-Len(matrix(x,y)) Print(LSet(RSet(matrix(x,y),maxlen-a/2),maxlen)) Next PrintN("") Next PrintN(#CRLF$+#CRLF$+"Press ENTER to quit."): Input() CloseConsole()
EndIf
Procedure max(x,y)
If x>=y ProcedureReturn x Else ProcedureReturn y EndIf
EndProcedure
DataSection
lines:
Data.i 5 ; e.g. 6-1 since first line is equal to 'zero'.
text:
Data.s "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$" Data.s "are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program" Data.s "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$" Data.s "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space." Data.s "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$oo$be$either$left$" Data.s "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column."
EndDataSection</lang>
Python
<lang python>from StringIO import StringIO
textinfile = Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.
j2justifier = dict(L=str.ljust, R=str.rjust, C=str.center)
def aligner(infile, justification = 'L'):
\ Justify columns of textual tabular input where the row separator is the newline and the field separator is a 'dollar' character. justification can be L, R, or C; (Left, Right, or Centered). Return the justified output as a string assert justification in j2justifier, "justification can be L, R, or C; (Left, Right, or Centered)." justifier = j2justifier[justification] fieldsbyrow= [line.strip().split('$') for line in infile] # pad to same number of fields per row maxfields = max(len(row) for row in fieldsbyrow) fieldsbyrow = [fields + []*(maxfields - len(fields)) for fields in fieldsbyrow] # rotate fieldsbycolumn = zip(*fieldsbyrow) # calculate max fieldwidth per column colwidths = [max(len(field) for field in column) for column in fieldsbycolumn] # pad fields in columns to colwidth with spaces fieldsbycolumn = [ [justifier(field, width) for field in column] for width, column in zip(colwidths, fieldsbycolumn) ] # rotate again fieldsbyrow = zip(*fieldsbycolumn) return "\n".join( " ".join(row) for row in fieldsbyrow)
for align in 'Left Right Center'.split():
infile = StringIO(textinfile) print "\n# %s Column-aligned output:" % align print aligner(infile, align[0])</lang>
Example output:
# Left Column-aligned output: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. # Right Column-aligned output: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. # Center Column-aligned output: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
R
<lang R># Read in text lines <- readLines(tc <- textConnection("Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.")); close(tc)
- Split words by the dollar
words <- strsplit(lines, "\\$")
- Reformat
maxlen <- max(sapply(words, length)) words <- lapply(words, function(x) {length(x) <- maxlen; x}) block <- matrix(unlist(words), byrow=TRUE, ncol=maxlen) block[is.na(block)] <- "" leftjust <- format(block) rightjust <- format(block, justify="right") centrejust <- format(block, justify="centre")
print0 <- function(x) invisible(apply(x, 1, function(x) cat(x, "\n"))) print0(leftjust) print0(rightjust) print0(centrejust)</lang> Right justified output shown.
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
REBOL
<lang rebol>REBOL [ Title: "Align Columns" Author: oofoe Date: 2010-09-29 URL: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Align_columns ]
specimen: {Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.}
- Parse specimen into data grid.
data: copy [] foreach line parse specimen to-string lf [ ; Break into lines. append/only data parse line "$" ; Break into columns. ]
- Compute independent widths for each column.
widths: copy [] insert/dup widths 0 length? data/1 foreach line data [ forall line [ i: index? line widths/:i: max widths/:i length? line/1 ] ]
pad: func [n /local x][x: copy "" insert/dup x " " n x]
- These formatting functions are passed as arguments to entable.
right: func [n s][rejoin [pad n - length? s s]]
left: func [n s][rejoin [s pad n - length? s]]
centre: func [n s /local h][ h: round/down (n - length? s) / 2 rejoin [pad h s pad n - h - length? s] ]
- Display data as table.
entable: func [data format] [ foreach line data [ forall line [ prin rejoin [format pick widths index? line line/1 " "] ] print "" ] ]
- Format data table.
foreach i [left centre right] [ print ["^/Align" i "...^/"] entable data get i] </lang>
Sample output:
Align left ... Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Align centre ... Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Align right ... Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left
REXX
<lang rexx>z.1 = "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$" z.2 = "are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program" z.3 = "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$" z.4 = "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space." z.5 = "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$" z.6 = "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column."
word. = "" width. = 0 maxcol = 0 do row = 1 to 6
line = z.row do col = 1 by 1 until length(line) = 0 parse var line word.row.col "$" line if length(word.row.col) > width.col then width.col = length(word.row.col) end if col > maxcol then maxcol = col
end
say "align left:" say do row = 1 to 6
out = "" do col = 1 to maxcol out = out || left(word.row.col,width.col+1) end say out
end say say "align right:" say do row = 1 to 6
out = "" do col = 1 to maxcol out = out || right(word.row.col,width.col+1) end say out
end say say "align center:" say do row = 1 to 6
out = "" do col = 1 to maxcol out = out || center(word.row.col,width.col+1) end say out
end</lang>
Ruby
<lang ruby>require 'stringio'
textinfile = <<END Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column. END
J2justifier = {'L' => String.instance_method(:ljust),
'R' => String.instance_method(:rjust), 'C' => String.instance_method(:center)}
=begin Justify columns of textual tabular input where the record separator is the newline and the field separator is a 'dollar' character. justification can be L, R, or C; (Left, Right, or Centered).
Return the justified output as a string =end def aligner(infile, justification = 'L')
justifier = J2justifier[justification] fieldsbyrow = infile.map {|line| line.strip.split('$')} # pad to same number of fields per record maxfields = fieldsbyrow.map {|row| row.length}.max fieldsbyrow.map! {|row| row + []*(maxfields - row.length) } # calculate max fieldwidth per column colwidths = fieldsbyrow.transpose.map {|column| column.map {|field| field.length}.max } # pad fields in columns to colwidth with spaces fieldsbyrow.map! {|row| row.zip(colwidths).map {|field, width| justifier.bind(field)[width] } } fieldsbyrow.map {|row| row.join(" ")}.join("\n")
end
for align in %w{Left Right Center}
infile = StringIO.new(textinfile) puts "\n# %s Column-aligned output:" % align puts aligner(infile, align[0..0])
end</lang>
Example output:
# Left Column-aligned output: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. # Right Column-aligned output: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. # Center Column-aligned output: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Scala
For Scala 2.7, change from fromPath to fromFile, and remove the extra parameter to Source's getLines.
<lang scala>object ColumnAligner {
val eol = System.getProperty("line.separator") def getLines(filename: String) = scala.io.Source.fromPath(filename).getLines(eol) def splitter(line: String) = line split '$' def getTable(filename: String) = getLines(filename) map splitter def fieldWidths(fields: Array[String]) = fields map (_ length) def columnWidths(txt: Iterator[Array[String]]) = (txt map fieldWidths).toList.transpose map (_ max)
def alignField(alignment: Char)(width: Int)(field: String) = alignment match { case 'l' | 'L' => "%-"+width+"s" format field case 'r' | 'R' => "%"+width+"s" format field case 'c' | 'C' => val padding = (width - field.length) / 2; " "*padding+"%-"+(width-padding)+"s" format field case _ => throw new IllegalArgumentException }
def align(aligners: List[String => String])(fields: Array[String]) = aligners zip fields map Function.tupled(_ apply _) def alignFile(filename: String, alignment: Char) = { def table = getTable(filename) val aligners = columnWidths(table) map alignField(alignment) table map align(aligners) map (_ mkString " ") } def printAlignedFile(filename: String, alignment: Char) { alignFile(filename, alignment) foreach println }
}</lang>
Another take:
<lang scala>def pad(s:String, i:Int, d:String) = {
val padsize = (i-s.length).max(0) d match { case "left" => s+" "*padsize case "right" => " "*padsize+s case "center" => " "*(padsize/2) + s + " "*(padsize-padsize/2) }
}
val lines = scala.io.Source.fromFile("c:\\text.txt").getLines.map(_.trim()) val words = lines.map(_.split("\\$").toList).toList val lens = words.map(l => l.map(_.length)).toList
var maxlens = Map[Int,Int]() withDefaultValue 0 lens foreach (l =>
for(i <- (0 until l.length)){ maxlens += i -> l(i).max(maxlens(i)) }
)
val padded = words map ( _.zipWithIndex.map{case(s,i)=>pad(s,maxlens(i),"center")+" "} ) padded map (_.reduceLeft(_ + _)) foreach println</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.5
set text {Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.}
array set max {} foreach line [split $text \n] {
set col 0 set thisline [split $line \$] lappend words $thisline foreach word $thisline { set max([incr col]) [expr {[info exists max($col)] ? max($max($col), [string length $word]) : [string length $word] }] }
}
proc justify {word position width} {
switch -exact -- $position { left { return [format "%-*s" $width $word] } center { set lpadw [expr {($width - [string length $word])/2}] return [format "%s%-*s" [string repeat " " $lpadw] [incr width -$lpadw] $word] } right { return [format "%*s" $width $word] } }
}
foreach position {left center right} {
foreach thisline $words { set col 0 set line "" foreach word $thisline { append line [justify $word $position $max([incr col])] " " } puts [string trimright $line] } puts ""
}</lang> Output:
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Unix Shell
This is a draft implementation of the "align columns" problem using Unix shell commands. The key tool for left and right justified text is the "rs" command. Centered text is a little more complex, since this is not a feature currently in "rs" (The centered solution will be added later.) <lang bash> cat <<EOF_OUTER > just-nocenter.sh
- !/bin/sh
td() { cat <<'EOF' Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column. EOF }
rows=$( td | wc -l )
- get the number of fields
fields=$(td | rs -c'$' -g1 -h | awk '{print $2}')
- get the max of the value widths
cwidth=$(td | rs -c'$' -g1 -w1 2>/dev/null | awk 'BEGIN{w=0}{if(length>w){w=length}}END{print w}')
- compute the minimum line width for the columns
lwidth=$(( (1 + cwidth) * fields ))
- left adjusted columns
td | rs -c'$' -g1 -zn -w$lwidth
echo ""
- right adjusted columns
td | rs -c'$' -g1 -znj -w$lwidth
echo ""
exit EOF_OUTER </lang> Output: <lang sh> $ ./just-nocenter.sh Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left
justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. </lang>
The centered output will be added later, when I've more time. I did this in about 10 minutes.
Ursala
The algorithm is to lex the text to a list of lists of strings assuming $ as a separator, then pad the lists out to the length of the maximum length list, transpose, do the same with each column, and transpose again. For left justification, nothing further but concatenation is needed. For right justification, each word's string of trailing blanks is moved to the beginning, and for center justification, the trailing blanks are divided equally between the beginning and end of each word. <lang Ursala>#import std
text =
-[Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.]-
pad = sep`$*; @FS ~&rSSSK7+ (zipp` ^*D\~& leql$^)*rSSK7+ zipp0^*D/leql$^ ~&
just_left = mat` *+ pad just_right = mat` *+ pad; ==` ~-rlT** just_center = mat` *+ pad; ==` ~-rK30PlrK31PTT**
- show+
main = mat0 <.just_left,just_center,just_right> text</lang> output:
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column. Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
Vedit macro language
This implementation converts the file currently being edited. The file can then be saved with different filename if required. <lang vedit>RS(10, "$") // Field separator
- 11 = 1 // Align: 1 = left, 2 = center, 3 = right
// Reset column widths. Max 50 columns for (#1=40; #1<90; #1++) { #@1 = 0 }
// Find max width of each column BOF Repeat(ALL) {
for (#1=40; #1<90; #1++) { Match(@10, ADVANCE) // skip field separator if any
#2 = Cur_Pos Search("|{|@(10),|N}", NOERR) // field separator or end of line #3 = Cur_Pos - #2 // width of text if (#3 > #@1) { #@1 = #3 } if (At_EOL) { Break }
} Line(1, ERRBREAK)
}
// Convert lines BOF Repeat(ALL) {
for (#1=40; #1<90; #1++) {
#2 = Cur_Pos Search("|{|@(10),|N}", NOERR) if (At_EOL==0) { Del_Char(Chars_Matched) } #3 = #@1 - Cur_Pos + #2 // number of spaces to insert #4 = 0 if (#11 == 2) { #4 = #3/2; #3 -= #4 } // Center if (#11 == 3) { #4 = #3; #3 = 0 } // Right justify Set_Marker(1, Cur_Pos) Goto_Pos(#2) Ins_Char(' ', COUNT, #4) // add spaces before the word Goto_Pos(Marker(1)) Ins_Char(' ', COUNT, #3+1) // add spaces after the word if (At_EOL) { Break }
} Line(1, ERRBREAK)
}</lang>
Example output: <lang vedit>-- Left: Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
-- Center:
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left
justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.
-- Right:
Given a text file of many lines, where fields within a line are delineated by a single 'dollar' character, write a program that aligns each column of fields by ensuring that words in each column are separated by at least one space. Further, allow for each word in a column to be either left
justified, right justified, or center justified within its column.</lang>