Interactive help
Interactive help is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.
- Task
Demonstrate any interactive (or command line) help offered by the language implementation.
This can be for exploring features or syntax, or perhaps a simple message on where to find more information.
AWK
# syntax: GAWK --help
- Output:
Usage: gawk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...
Usage: gawk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...
POSIX options: GNU long options: (standard)
-f progfile --file=progfile
-F fs --field-separator=fs
-v var=val --assign=var=val
Short options: GNU long options: (extensions)
-b --characters-as-bytes
-c --traditional
-C --copyright
-d[file] --dump-variables[=file]
-D[file] --debug[=file]
-e 'program-text' --source='program-text'
-E file --exec=file
-g --gen-pot
-h --help
-i includefile --include=includefile
-l library --load=library
-L [fatal] --lint[=fatal]
-n --non-decimal-data
-M --bignum
-N --use-lc-numeric
-o[file] --pretty-print[=file]
-O --optimize
-p[file] --profile[=file]
-P --posix
-r --re-interval
-S --sandbox
-t --lint-old
-V --version
To report bugs, see node `Bugs' in `gawk.info', which is
section `Reporting Problems and Bugs' in the printed version.
gawk is a pattern scanning and processing language.
By default it reads standard input and writes standard output.
Examples:
gawk '{ sum += $1 }; END { print sum }' file
gawk -F: '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd
Common Lisp
Common Lisp supports several interactive features for exploring the language and runtime. The built-in functions documentation and describe will both present information on objects in the system.
- Output:
CL-USER> (describe #'char-code) #<FUNCTION CHAR-CODE> [compiled function] Lambda-list: (CHAR) Declared type: (FUNCTION (CHARACTER) (VALUES (MOD 1114112) &OPTIONAL)) Documentation: Return the integer code of CHAR. Known attributes: foldable, flushable, unsafely-flushable, movable Source file: SYS:SRC;CODE;TARGET-CHAR.LISP ; No value CL-USER> (documentation #'char-code 'function) "Return the integer code of CHAR."
Factor
$ factor -h
- Output:
Usage: factor.com [Factor arguments] [script] [script arguments]
Factor arguments:
-help print this message and exit
-version print the Factor version and exit
-i=<image> load Factor image file <image> (default factor.image)
-run=<vocab> run the MAIN: entry point of <vocab>
-run=listener run terminal listener
-run=ui.tools run Factor development UI
-e=<code> evaluate <code>
-no-user-init suppress loading of .factor-rc
-datastack=<int> datastack size in KiB
-retainstack=<int> retainstack size in KiB
-callstack=<int> callstack size in KiB
-callbacks=<int> callback heap size in KiB
-young=<int> young gc generation 0 size in MiB
-aging=<int> aging gc generation 1 size in MiB
-tenured=<int> tenured gc generation 2 size in MiB
-codeheap=<int> codeheap size in MiB
-pic=<int> max pic size
-fep enter fep mode immediately
-no-signals turn off OS signal handling
-console open console if possible
-roots=<paths> a list of ";"-delimited extra vocab roots
Enter
"command-line" help
from within Factor for more information.
Additionally, by pressing F1 in the listener, you can access the help browser, an offline version of Factor's documentation. Factor's help browser interfaces with the listener in various ways. For example, pressing ctrl+h while the cursor is over a word will take you to that word's documentation. Running "sequences" about in the listener will take you to the documentation for the sequences vocabulary.
FreeBASIC
See FB-manual-1.0x.chm for the complete manual, available in sourceforge, or online.
- When invoked as
fbc -help, orfbc --helpat the command line:
usage: fbc [options] <input files> input files: *.a = static library, *.o = object file, *.bas = source *.rc = resource script, *.res = compiled resource (win32) *.xpm = icon resource (*nix/*bsd) options: @<file> Read more command line arguments from a file -a <file> Treat file as .o/.a input file -arch <type> Set target architecture (default: 486) -asm att|intel Set asm format (-gen gcc|llvm, x86 or x86_64 only) -b <file> Treat file as .bas input file -c Compile only, do not link -C Preserve temporary .o files -d <name>[=<val>] Add a global #define -dll Same as -dylib -dylib Create a DLL (win32) or shared library (*nix/*BSD) -e Enable runtime error checking -ex -e plus RESUME support -exx -ex plus array bounds/null-pointer checking -export Export symbols for dynamic linkage -forcelang <name> Override #lang statements in source code -fpmode fast|precise Select floating-point math accuracy/speed -fpu x87|sse Set target FPU -g Add debug info, enable __FB_DEBUG__, and enable assert() -gen gas|gcc|llvm Select code generation backend [-]-help Show this help output -i <path> Add an include file search path -include <file> Pre-#include a file for each input .bas -l <name> Link in a library -lang <name> Select FB dialect: fb, deprecated, fblite, qb -lib Create a static library -m <name> Specify main module (default if not -c: first input .bas) -map <file> Save linking map to file -maxerr <n> Only show <n> errors -mt Use thread-safe FB runtime -nodeflibs Do not include the default libraries -noerrline Do not show source context in error messages -noobjinfo Do not read/write compile-time info from/to .o and .a files -nostrip Do not strip symbol information from the output file -o <file> Set .o (or -pp .bas) file name for prev/next input file -O <value> Optimization level (default: 0) -p <path> Add a library search path -pic Generate position-independent code (non-x86 Unix shared libs) -pp Write out preprocessed input file (.pp.bas) only -prefix <path> Set the compiler prefix path -print host|target Display host/target system name -print fblibdir Display the compiler's lib/ path -print x Display output binary/library file name (if known) -profile Enable function profiling -r Write out .asm/.c/.ll (-gen gas/gcc/llvm) only -rr Write out the final .asm only -R Preserve temporary .asm/.c/.ll/.def files -RR Preserve the final .asm file -s console|gui Select win32 subsystem -showincludes Display a tree of file names of #included files -static Prefer static libraries over dynamic ones when linking -strip Omit all symbol information from the output file -t <value> Set .exe stack size in kbytes, default: 1024 (win32/dos) -target <name> Set cross-compilation target -title <name> Set XBE display title (xbox) -v Be verbose -vec <n> Automatic vectorization level (default: 0) [-]-version Show compiler version -w all|pedantic|<n> Set min warning level: all, pedantic or a value -Wa <a,b,c> Pass options to 'as' -Wc <a,b,c> Pass options to 'gcc' (-gen gcc) or 'llc' (-gen llvm) -Wl <a,b,c> Pass options to 'ld' -x <file> Set output executable/library file name
Go
The 'go doc' command line tool shows documentation for either a package or a symbol within a package.
For example, here we list the exported functions and types in the 'strings' package in the standard library:
$ go doc strings
package strings // import "strings"
Package strings implements simple functions to manipulate UTF-8 encoded
strings.
For information about UTF-8 strings in Go, see
https://blog.golang.org/strings.
func Compare(a, b string) int
func Contains(s, substr string) bool
func ContainsAny(s, chars string) bool
func ContainsRune(s string, r rune) bool
func Count(s, substr string) int
func EqualFold(s, t string) bool
func Fields(s string) []string
func FieldsFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) []string
func HasPrefix(s, prefix string) bool
func HasSuffix(s, suffix string) bool
func Index(s, substr string) int
func IndexAny(s, chars string) int
func IndexByte(s string, c byte) int
func IndexFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) int
func IndexRune(s string, r rune) int
func Join(a []string, sep string) string
func LastIndex(s, substr string) int
func LastIndexAny(s, chars string) int
func LastIndexByte(s string, c byte) int
func LastIndexFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) int
func Map(mapping func(rune) rune, s string) string
func Repeat(s string, count int) string
func Replace(s, old, new string, n int) string
func Split(s, sep string) []string
func SplitAfter(s, sep string) []string
func SplitAfterN(s, sep string, n int) []string
func SplitN(s, sep string, n int) []string
func Title(s string) string
func ToLower(s string) string
func ToLowerSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string
func ToTitle(s string) string
func ToTitleSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string
func ToUpper(s string) string
func ToUpperSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string
func Trim(s string, cutset string) string
func TrimFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string
func TrimLeft(s string, cutset string) string
func TrimLeftFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string
func TrimPrefix(s, prefix string) string
func TrimRight(s string, cutset string) string
func TrimRightFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string
func TrimSpace(s string) string
func TrimSuffix(s, suffix string) string
type Builder struct{ ... }
type Reader struct{ ... }
func NewReader(s string) *Reader
type Replacer struct{ ... }
func NewReplacer(oldnew ...string) *Replacer
BUG: The rule Title uses for word boundaries does not handle Unicode punctuation properly.
We can now 'dig down' to obtain the documentation for the TrimSpace function wthin the strings package:
$ go doc strings.TrimSpace
func TrimSpace(s string) string
TrimSpace returns a slice of the string s, with all leading and trailing
white space removed, as defined by Unicode.
and to list the methods of the strings.Replacer struct:
$ go doc strings.Replacer
type Replacer struct {
// Has unexported fields.
}
Replacer replaces a list of strings with replacements. It is safe for
concurrent use by multiple goroutines.
func NewReplacer(oldnew ...string) *Replacer
func (r *Replacer) Replace(s string) string
func (r *Replacer) WriteString(w io.Writer, s string) (n int, err error)
Finally, we obtain the documentation for the strings.Replacer.WriteString method:
$ go doc strings.Replacer.WriteString
func (r *Replacer) WriteString(w io.Writer, s string) (n int, err error)
WriteString writes s to w with all replacements performed.
The 'go doc' tool also has some flags including a flag to list both exported and unexported symbols (-u) and to respect case when matching symbols (-c); normally lower- case letters match either case.
Jsish
prompt$ jsish
Jsish interactive: see 'help [cmd]'
# help
Jsish interactive executes commands, uses tab for completions, and has help for the following builtin commands:
Array Boolean CData CEnum CStruct CType Channel Debugger Event File
Function Info Interp JSON Math Number Object RegExp Signal Socket
Sqlite String System Util Vfs WebSocket Zvfs assert clearInterval
console decodeURI encodeURI exec exit format isFinite isMain isNaN
load log noOp parseFloat parseInt parseOpts printf provide puts quote
require runModule setInterval setTimeout sleep source strftime strptime
unload update
Help can also take options. For example to display in a web browser try:
help -web true WebSocket
Module help can also be displayed (non-web), as in 'help Jsi_Websrv`.
Builtin modules include:
Jsi_Archive Jsi_CData Jsi_Csspp Jsi_Debug Jsi_DebugUI Jsi_GenDeep
Jsi_Help Jsi_Htmlpp Jsi_Jspp Jsi_Markdeep Jsi_Module Jsi_Safe Jsi_SqliteUI
Jsi_UnitTest Jsi_Vfs Jsi_Websrv Jsi_Wget
# help File
File.method(...)
Commands for accessing the filesystem
Methods: atime chdir chmod copy dirname executable exists extension glob isdir isfile isrelative join link lstat mkdir mknod mtime owned pwd read readable readlink realpath remove rename rootname size stat tail tempfile truncate type writable write
[File.glob options]
Option Type Description [Flags]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dir STRING The start directory: this path will not be prepended to results.
maxDepth INT Maximum directory depth to recurse into.
maxDiscard INT Maximum number of items to discard before giving up.
dirFilter FUNC Filter function for directories, returning false to discard. @function(dir:string)
filter FUNC Filter function to call with each file, returning false to discard. @function(file:string)
limit INT The maximum number of results to return/count.
noTypes STRKEY Filter files to exclude these "types".
prefix STRKEY String prefix to add to each file in list.
recurse BOOL Recurse into sub-directories.
retCount BOOL Return only the count of matches.
tails BOOL Returned only tail of path.
types STRKEY Filter files to include type: one or more of chars 'fdlpsbc' for file, directory, link, etc.
Julia
When Julia is run without a program file as argument, the REPL (Read-Evaluate-Print Loop) runs. Entering a ? at the prompt brings up help, with help on a specific topic obtained if the topic name is preceded by ? at the prompt.
> julia
_
_ _ _(_)_ | Documentation: https://docs.julialang.org
(_) | (_) (_) |
_ _ _| |_ __ _ | Type "?" for help, "]?" for Pkg help.
| | | | | | |/ _` | |
| | |_| | | | (_| | | Version 1.1.1 (2019-05-16)
_/ |\__'_|_|_|\__'_| | Official https://julialang.org/ release
|__/ |
help?>
search: ⊻ ⊋ ⊊ ⊉ ⊈ ⊇ ⊆ ≥ ≤ ≢ ≡ ≠ ≉ ≈ ∪ ∩ ∛ √ ∘ ∌ ∋ ∉ ∈ ℯ π ÷ ~ | ^ \ > < : / - + * & % ! if do IO |> rm pi mv in im fd cp
Welcome to Julia 1.1.1. The full manual is available at
https://docs.julialang.org/
as well as many great tutorials and learning resources:
https://julialang.org/learning/
For help on a specific function or macro, type ? followed by its name, e.g. ?cos, or ?@time, and press enter. Type ;
to enter shell mode, ] to enter package mode.
help?> function
search: function Function functionloc @functionloc @cfunction
function
Functions are defined with the function keyword:
function add(a, b)
return a + b
end
Or the short form notation:
add(a, b) = a + b
The use of the return keyword is exactly the same as in other languages, but is often optional. A function without
an explicit return statement will return the last expression in the function body.
Nim
The Nim compiler provides help. By simply typing nim without any option, we get:
Nim Compiler Version 1.4.8 [Linux: amd64]
Compiled at 2021-05-25
Copyright (c) 2006-2021 by Andreas Rumpf
::
nim command [options] [projectfile] [arguments]
Command:
compile, c compile project with default code generator (C)
r compile to $nimcache/projname, run with [arguments]
using backend specified by `--backend` (default: c)
doc generate the documentation for inputfile for
backend specified by `--backend` (default: c)
Arguments:
arguments are passed to the program being run (if --run option is selected)
Options:
-p, --path:PATH add path to search paths
-d, --define:SYMBOL(:VAL)
define a conditional symbol
(Optionally: Define the value for that symbol,
see: "compile time define pragmas")
-u, --undef:SYMBOL undefine a conditional symbol
-f, --forceBuild:on|off force rebuilding of all modules
--stackTrace:on|off turn stack tracing on|off
--lineTrace:on|off turn line tracing on|off
--threads:on|off turn support for multi-threading on|off
-x, --checks:on|off turn all runtime checks on|off
-a, --assertions:on|off turn assertions on|off
--opt:none|speed|size optimize not at all or for speed|size
Note: use -d:release for a release build!
--debugger:native Use native debugger (gdb)
--app:console|gui|lib|staticlib
generate a console app|GUI app|DLL|static library
-r, --run run the compiled program with given arguments
--fullhelp show all command line switches
-h, --help show this help
-v, --version show detailed version information
Note, single letter options that take an argument require a colon. E.g. -p:PATH
This is the basic help. We can get full help by typing nim --fullHelp:
Nim Compiler Version 1.4.8 [Linux: amd64]
Compiled at 2021-05-25
Copyright (c) 2006-2021 by Andreas Rumpf
::
nim command [options] [projectfile] [arguments]
Command:
compile, c compile project with default code generator (C)
r compile to $nimcache/projname, run with [arguments]
using backend specified by `--backend` (default: c)
doc generate the documentation for inputfile for
backend specified by `--backend` (default: c)
Arguments:
arguments are passed to the program being run (if --run option is selected)
Options:
-p, --path:PATH add path to search paths
-d, --define:SYMBOL(:VAL)
define a conditional symbol
(Optionally: Define the value for that symbol,
see: "compile time define pragmas")
-u, --undef:SYMBOL undefine a conditional symbol
-f, --forceBuild:on|off force rebuilding of all modules
--stackTrace:on|off turn stack tracing on|off
--lineTrace:on|off turn line tracing on|off
--threads:on|off turn support for multi-threading on|off
-x, --checks:on|off turn all runtime checks on|off
-a, --assertions:on|off turn assertions on|off
--opt:none|speed|size optimize not at all or for speed|size
Note: use -d:release for a release build!
--debugger:native Use native debugger (gdb)
--app:console|gui|lib|staticlib
generate a console app|GUI app|DLL|static library
-r, --run run the compiled program with given arguments
--fullhelp show all command line switches
-h, --help show this help
-v, --version show detailed version information
Note, single letter options that take an argument require a colon. E.g. -p:PATH.
Advanced commands:
compileToC, cc compile project with C code generator
compileToCpp, cpp compile project to C++ code
compileToOC, objc compile project to Objective C code
js compile project to Javascript
e run a Nimscript file
rst2html convert a reStructuredText file to HTML
use `--docCmd:skip` to skip compiling snippets
rst2tex convert a reStructuredText file to TeX
jsondoc extract the documentation to a json file
ctags create a tags file
buildIndex build an index for the whole documentation
genDepend generate a DOT file containing the
module dependency graph
dump dump all defined conditionals and search paths
see also: --dump.format:json (useful with: `| jq`)
check checks the project for syntax and semantic
Runtime checks (see -x):
--objChecks:on|off turn obj conversion checks on|off
--fieldChecks:on|off turn case variant field checks on|off
--rangeChecks:on|off turn range checks on|off
--boundChecks:on|off turn bound checks on|off
--overflowChecks:on|off turn int over-/underflow checks on|off
--floatChecks:on|off turn all floating point (NaN/Inf) checks on|off
--nanChecks:on|off turn NaN checks on|off
--infChecks:on|off turn Inf checks on|off
--refChecks:on|off turn ref checks on|off (only for --newruntime)
Advanced options:
-o:FILE, --out:FILE set the output filename
--outdir:DIR set the path where the output file will be written
--usenimcache will use `outdir=$nimcache`, whichever it resolves
to after all options have been processed
--stdout:on|off output to stdout
--colors:on|off turn compiler messages coloring on|off
--listFullPaths:on|off list full paths in messages
-w:on|off|list, --warnings:on|off|list
turn all warnings on|off or list all available
--warning[X]:on|off turn specific warning X on|off
--hints:on|off|list turn all hints on|off or list all available
--hint[X]:on|off turn specific hint X on|off
--warningAsError[X]:on|off
turn specific warning X into an error on|off
--styleCheck:off|hint|error
produce hints or errors for Nim identifiers that
do not adhere to Nim's official style guide
https://nim-lang.org/docs/nep1.html
--styleCheck:usages only enforce consistent spellings of identifiers,
do not enforce the style on declarations
--showAllMismatches:on|off
show all mismatching candidates in overloading
resolution
--lib:PATH set the system library path
--import:PATH add an automatically imported module
--include:PATH add an automatically included module
--nimcache:PATH set the path used for generated files
see also https://nim-lang.org/docs/nimc.html#compiler-usage-generated-c-code-directory
-c, --compileOnly:on|off compile Nim files only; do not assemble or link
--noLinking:on|off compile Nim and generated files but do not link
--noMain:on|off do not generate a main procedure
--genScript:on|off generate a compile script (in the 'nimcache'
subdirectory named 'compile_$project$scriptext'),
implies --compileOnly
--genDeps:on|off generate a '.deps' file containing the dependencies
--os:SYMBOL set the target operating system (cross-compilation)
--cpu:SYMBOL set the target processor (cross-compilation)
--debuginfo:on|off enables debug information
-t, --passC:OPTION pass an option to the C compiler
-l, --passL:OPTION pass an option to the linker
--cc:SYMBOL specify the C compiler
--cincludes:DIR modify the C compiler header search path
--clibdir:DIR modify the linker library search path
--clib:LIBNAME link an additional C library
(you should omit platform-specific extensions)
--project document the whole project (doc)
--docRoot:path `nim doc --docRoot:/foo --project --outdir:docs /foo/sub/main.nim`
generates: docs/sub/main.html
if path == @pkg, will use nimble file enclosing dir
if path == @path, will use first matching dir in `--path`
if path == @default (the default and most useful), will use
best match among @pkg,@path.
if these are nonexistent, will use project path
-b, --backend:c|cpp|js|objc sets backend to use with commands like `nim doc` or `nim r`
--docCmd:cmd if `cmd == skip`, skips runnableExamples
else, runs runnableExamples with given options, e.g.:
`--docCmd:"-d:foo --threads:on"`
--docSeeSrcUrl:url activate 'see source' for doc command
(see doc.item.seesrc in config/nimdoc.cfg)
--docInternal also generate documentation for non-exported symbols
--lineDir:on|off generation of #line directive on|off
--embedsrc:on|off embeds the original source code as comments
in the generated output
--threadanalysis:on|off turn thread analysis on|off
--tlsEmulation:on|off turn thread local storage emulation on|off
--taintMode:on|off turn taint mode on|off
--implicitStatic:on|off turn implicit compile time evaluation on|off
--trmacros:on|off turn term rewriting macros on|off
--multimethods:on|off turn multi-methods on|off
--memTracker:on|off turn memory tracker on|off
--hotCodeReloading:on|off
turn support for hot code reloading on|off
--excessiveStackTrace:on|off
stack traces use full file paths
--stackTraceMsgs:on|off enable user defined stack frame msgs via `setFrameMsg`
--nilseqs:on|off allow 'nil' for strings/seqs for
backwards compatibility
--seqsv2:on|off use the new string/seq implementation based on
destructors
--skipCfg:on|off do not read the nim installation's configuration file
--skipUserCfg:on|off do not read the user's configuration file
--skipParentCfg:on|off do not read the parent dirs' configuration files
--skipProjCfg:on|off do not read the project's configuration file
--gc:refc|arc|orc|markAndSweep|boehm|go|none|regions
select the GC to use; default is 'refc'
--exceptions:setjmp|cpp|goto
select the exception handling implementation
--index:on|off turn index file generation on|off
--putenv:key=value set an environment variable
--NimblePath:PATH add a path for Nimble support
--noNimblePath deactivate the Nimble path
--clearNimblePath empty the list of Nimble package search paths
--cppCompileToNamespace:namespace
use the provided namespace for the generated C++ code,
if no namespace is provided "Nim" will be used
--expandMacro:MACRO dump every generated AST from MACRO
--expandArc:PROCNAME show how PROCNAME looks like after diverse optimizations
before the final backend phase (mostly ARC/ORC specific)
--excludePath:PATH exclude a path from the list of search paths
--dynlibOverride:SYMBOL marks SYMBOL so that dynlib:SYMBOL
has no effect and can be statically linked instead;
symbol matching is fuzzy so
that --dynlibOverride:lua matches
dynlib: "liblua.so.3"
--dynlibOverrideAll
disables the effects of the dynlib pragma
--listCmd list the compilation commands; can be combined with
`--hint:exec:on` and `--hint:link:on`
--asm produce assembler code
--parallelBuild:0|1|... perform a parallel build
value = number of processors (0 for auto-detect)
--incremental:on|off only recompile the changed modules (experimental!)
--verbosity:0|1|2|3 set Nim's verbosity level (1 is default)
--errorMax:N stop compilation after N errors; 0 means unlimited
--maxLoopIterationsVM:N set max iterations for all VM loops
--experimental:implicitDeref|dotOperators|callOperator|parallel|destructor|notnil|dynamicBindSym|forLoopMacros|caseStmtMacros|codeReordering|compiletimeFFI|vmopsDanger|strictFuncs|views
enable experimental language feature
--legacy:allowSemcheckedAstModification|checkUnsignedConversions
enable obsolete/legacy language feature
--useVersion:1.0 emulate Nim version X of the Nim compiler
--profiler:on|off enable profiling; requires `import nimprof`, and
works better with `--stackTrace:on`
see also https://nim-lang.github.io/Nim/estp.html
--benchmarkVM:on|off enable benchmarking of VM code with cpuTime()
--profileVM:on|off enable compile time VM profiler
--sinkInference:on|off en-/disable sink parameter inference (default: on)
--panics:on|off turn panics into process terminations (default: off)
--deepcopy:on|off enable 'system.deepCopy' for ``--gc:arc|orc``
The nimble program used to install modules has it own help. Type nimble without any option:
Usage: nimble [nimbleopts] COMMAND [cmdopts]
Commands:
install [pkgname, ...] Installs a list of packages.
[-d, --depsOnly] Installs only dependencies of the package.
[opts, ...] Passes options to the Nim compiler.
develop [pkgname, ...] Clones a list of packages for development.
Symlinks the cloned packages or any package
in the current working directory.
check Verifies the validity of a package in the
current working directory.
init [pkgname] Initializes a new Nimble project in the
current directory or if a name is provided a
new directory of the same name.
[--git, --hg] Creates a git/hg repo in the new nimble project.
publish Publishes a package on nim-lang/packages.
The current working directory needs to be the
toplevel directory of the Nimble package.
uninstall [pkgname, ...] Uninstalls a list of packages.
[-i, --inclDeps] Uninstalls package and dependent package(s).
build [opts, ...] [bin] Builds a package. Passes options to the Nim
compiler.
run [opts, ...] [bin] Builds and runs a package.
Binary needs to be specified after any
compilation options if there are several
binaries defined. Any flags after the binary
or -- arg are passed to the binary when it is run.
c, cc, js [opts, ...] f.nim Builds a file inside a package. Passes options
to the Nim compiler.
test Compiles and executes tests.
[-c, --continue] Don't stop execution on a failed test.
[opts, ...] Passes options to the Nim compiler.
doc, doc2 [opts, ...] f.nim Builds documentation for a file inside a
package. Passes options to the Nim compiler.
refresh [url] Refreshes the package list. A package list URL
can be optionally specified.
search pkg/tag Searches for a specified package. Search is
performed by tag and by name.
[--ver] Queries remote server for package version.
list Lists all packages.
[--ver] Queries remote server for package version.
[-i, --installed] Lists all installed packages.
tasks Lists the tasks specified in the Nimble
package's Nimble file.
path pkgname ... Shows absolute path to the installed packages
specified.
dump [pkgname] Outputs Nimble package information for
external tools. The argument can be a
.nimble file, a project directory or
the name of an installed package.
[--ini, --json] Selects the output format (the default is --ini).
Nimble Options:
-h, --help Print this help message.
-v, --version Print version information.
-y, --accept Accept all interactive prompts.
-n, --reject Reject all interactive prompts.
-l, --localdeps Run in project local dependency mode
--ver Query remote server for package version
information when searching or listing packages.
--nimbleDir:dirname Set the Nimble directory.
--nim:path Use specified path for Nim compiler
--silent Hide all Nimble and Nim output
--verbose Show all non-debug output.
--debug Show all output including debug messages.
--noColor Don't colorise output.
--noSSLCheck Don't check SSL certificates.
For more information read the Github readme:
https://github.com/nim-lang/nimble#readme
And, last but not least, Nim provides nimsuggest which can be integrated in an IDE to provide completion and help when typing a program. The best integration is probably the one done for VSCode which is certainly the most used IDE for programming in Nim.
Perl
- When invoked as
perl -hat the command line:
Usage: perl [switches] [--] [programfile] [arguments]
-0[octal] specify record separator (\0, if no argument)
-a autosplit mode with -n or -p (splits $_ into @F)
-C[number/list] enables the listed Unicode features
-c check syntax only (runs BEGIN and CHECK blocks)
-d[:debugger] run program under debugger
-D[number/list] set debugging flags (argument is a bit mask or alphabets)
-e program one line of program (several -e's allowed, omit programfile)
-E program like -e, but enables all optional features
-f don't do $sitelib/sitecustomize.pl at startup
-F/pattern/ split() pattern for -a switch (//'s are optional)
-i[extension] edit <> files in place (makes backup if extension supplied)
-Idirectory specify @INC/#include directory (several -I's allowed)
-l[octal] enable line ending processing, specifies line terminator
-[mM][-]module execute "use/no module..." before executing program
-n assume "while (<>) { ... }" loop around program
-p assume loop like -n but print line also, like sed
-s enable rudimentary parsing for switches after programfile
-S look for programfile using PATH environment variable
-t enable tainting warnings
-T enable tainting checks
-u dump core after parsing program
-U allow unsafe operations
-v print version, patchlevel and license
-V[:variable] print configuration summary (or a single Config.pm variable)
-w enable many useful warnings
-W enable all warnings
-x[directory] ignore text before #!perl line (optionally cd to directory)
-X disable all warnings
Run 'perldoc perl' for more help with Perl.
- Running
perldoc perl, output includes (but is not limited to):
GETTING HELP
The perldoc program gives you access to all the documentation that comes
with Perl. You can get more documentation, tutorials and community
support online at <http://www.perl.org/>.
If you're new to Perl, you should start by running "perldoc perlintro",
which is a general intro for beginners and provides some background to
help you navigate the rest of Perl's extensive documentation. Run
"perldoc perldoc" to learn more things you can do with perldoc.
For ease of access, the Perl manual has been split up into several
sections.
Overview
perl Perl overview (this section)
perlintro Perl introduction for beginners
perlrun Perl execution and options
perltoc Perl documentation table of contents
Tutorials
perlreftut Perl references short introduction
perldsc Perl data structures intro
perllol Perl data structures: arrays of arrays
perlrequick Perl regular expressions quick start
perlretut Perl regular expressions tutorial
perlootut Perl OO tutorial for beginners
perlperf Perl Performance and Optimization Techniques
perlstyle Perl style guide
perlcheat Perl cheat sheet
perltrap Perl traps for the unwary
perldebtut Perl debugging tutorial
perlfaq Perl frequently asked questions
perlfaq1 General Questions About Perl
perlfaq2 Obtaining and Learning about Perl
perlfaq3 Programming Tools
perlfaq4 Data Manipulation
perlfaq5 Files and Formats
perlfaq6 Regexes
perlfaq7 Perl Language Issues
perlfaq8 System Interaction
perlfaq9 Networking
Reference Manual
perlsyn Perl syntax
perldata Perl data structures
perlop Perl operators and precedence
perlsub Perl subroutines
perlfunc Perl built-in functions
perlpod Perl plain old documentation
perldiag Perl diagnostic messages
perldeprecation Perl deprecations
perllexwarn Perl warnings and their control
perldebug Perl debugging
perlvar Perl predefined variables
perlre Perl regular expressions, the rest of the story
perlref Perl references, the rest of the story
perlobj Perl objects
perltie Perl objects hidden behind simple variables
perlipc Perl interprocess communication
perlfork Perl fork() information
perlnumber Perl number semantics
perlthrtut Perl threads tutorial
perlport Perl portability guide
perllocale Perl locale support
perlunicode Perl Unicode support
perlunifaq Perl Unicode FAQ
perlunitut Perl Unicode tutorial
perlsec Perl security
perlmod Perl modules: how they work
perlmodlib Perl modules: how to write and use
perlmodinstall Perl modules: how to install from CPAN
perlutil utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
perlglossary Perl Glossary
perlbook Perl book information
perlcommunity Perl community information
perldoc Look up Perl documentation in Pod format
perldelta Perl changes since previous version
Phix
See docs\phix\phix.chm for the complete manual, or online.
When p -?, p -h, p -help, or p --help is entered:
interpret: <filename>
compile: -c <filename>
also: -d creates a list.asm file,
-nodiag creates a smaller list.asm file,
-norun may be useful in batch jobs,
-test, tnn, b, bt, etc, and of course
-c p, which rebuilds the compiler.
for more details\options see pth.exw.
Wildcards are allowed, as long as they select a single file,
with ".exw" assumed, eg "demo\tak*" runs demo\takeuchi.exw.
Press F7 to list prompt history, up/down to select.
Phix hybrid interpreter/compiler.
Version 1.0.2 (32 bit Windows) Copyright Pete Lomax 2006..2022
Enter ? for options or filename to execute:
(Pressing ? at that last prompt would re-display the text just shown.)
Racket
In the command line, raco docs <optional-query> will open internet browser and show locally-built Racket docs (main Racket and and any packages locally installed).
In the Racket REPL, help or (help <optional-query>) functions similar to raco docs. Note that if the query is an identifier, help will be able to extract lexical information attached to the identifier, resulting in a precise documentation lookup.
In Racket file, help could be obtained by (require racket/help)
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
Raku help is generally in a specialized text format known as POD (Plain Old Documentation). It is sometimes referred to as POD6 to distinguish it from Perl 5 POD which is slightly different and not completely compatible. Raku has a local command line help app: p6doc. zef install p6doc It also has online browsable HTML documentation at docs.raku.org. If you want to download the HTML docs for a local copy, or just prefer to browse the documentation as a single page docs.raku.org/perl6.html may be more to your preference. If you prefer a different format, there are utilities available to convert the POD docs to several different formats; Markdown, PDF, Latex, plain text, etc.
Individual Raku scripts are to some extent self-documenting. If the script has a MAIN sub, and it is called with improper parameters, it will display an automatically generated help message showing the various possible parameters, which are required, which are optional, and what type each takes:
sub MAIN(
Str $run, #= Task or file name
Str :$lang = 'raku', #= Language, default raku
Int :$skip = 0, #= Skip # to jump partially into a list
Bool :f(:$force), #= Override any skip parameter
) {
# do whatever
}
- When saved locally as main.raku and invoked with no (or wrong) passed parameters:
Usage:
main.raku [--lang=<Str>] [--skip=<Int>] [-f|--force] <run>
<run> Task or file name
--lang=<Str> Language, default raku
--skip=<Int> Skip # to jump partially into a list
-f|--force Override any skip parameter
REXX
Some REXXes offer interactive help (via HELP or some other command).
Other REXXes have an HTML document or a PDF for showing command syntax and other general information on use of the language.
Each REXX has it's own documentation, and viewing it would depend on the host environment and the particular version of REXX.
Rust
The Rust compiler's help screen:
$ rustc --help
Usage: rustc [OPTIONS] INPUT
Options:
-h, --help Display this message
--cfg SPEC Configure the compilation environment
-L [KIND=]PATH Add a directory to the library search path. The
optional KIND can be one of dependency, crate, native,
framework, or all (the default).
-l [KIND=]NAME Link the generated crate(s) to the specified native
library NAME. The optional KIND can be one of
static, framework, or dylib (the default).
--crate-type [bin|lib|rlib|dylib|cdylib|staticlib|proc-macro]
Comma separated list of types of crates
for the compiler to emit
--crate-name NAME
Specify the name of the crate being built
--edition 2015|2018
Specify which edition of the compiler to use when
compiling code.
--emit [asm|llvm-bc|llvm-ir|obj|metadata|link|dep-info|mir]
Comma separated list of types of output for the
compiler to emit
--print [crate-name|file-names|sysroot|cfg|target-list|target-cpus|target-features|relocation-models|code-models|tls-models|target-spec-json|native-static-libs]
Compiler information to print on stdout
-g Equivalent to -C debuginfo=2
-O Equivalent to -C opt-level=2
-o FILENAME Write output to <filename>
--out-dir DIR Write output to compiler-chosen filename in <dir>
--explain OPT Provide a detailed explanation of an error message
--test Build a test harness
--target TARGET Target triple for which the code is compiled
-W, --warn OPT Set lint warnings
-A, --allow OPT Set lint allowed
-D, --deny OPT Set lint denied
-F, --forbid OPT Set lint forbidden
--cap-lints LEVEL
Set the most restrictive lint level. More restrictive
lints are capped at this level
-C, --codegen OPT[=VALUE]
Set a codegen option
-V, --version Print version info and exit
-v, --verbose Use verbose output
Additional help:
-C help Print codegen options
-W help Print 'lint' options and default settings
-Z help Print unstable compiler options
--help -v Print the full set of options rustc accepts
Cargo's help screen:
$ cargo --help
Rust's package manager
USAGE:
cargo [OPTIONS] [SUBCOMMAND]
OPTIONS:
-V, --version Print version info and exit
--list List installed commands
--explain <CODE> Run `rustc --explain CODE`
-v, --verbose Use verbose output (-vv very verbose/build.rs output)
-q, --quiet No output printed to stdout
--color <WHEN> Coloring: auto, always, never
--frozen Require Cargo.lock and cache are up to date
--locked Require Cargo.lock is up to date
--offline Run without accessing the network
-Z <FLAG>... Unstable (nightly-only) flags to Cargo, see 'cargo -Z help' for details
-h, --help Prints help information
Some common cargo commands are (see all commands with --list):
build Compile the current package
check Analyze the current package and report errors, but don't build object files
clean Remove the target directory
doc Build this package's and its dependencies' documentation
new Create a new cargo package
init Create a new cargo package in an existing directory
run Run a binary or example of the local package
test Run the tests
bench Run the benchmarks
update Update dependencies listed in Cargo.lock
search Search registry for crates
publish Package and upload this package to the registry
install Install a Rust binary. Default location is $HOME/.cargo/bin
uninstall Uninstall a Rust binary
See 'cargo help <command>' for more information on a specific command.
Wren
Interactive help for Wren-cli is currently minimal, just usage and version, viz:
- Output:
$ wren_cli --help Usage: wren [file] [arguments...] Optional arguments: --help Show command line usage --version Show version $ wren_cli --version wren 0.4.0
Yabasic
See yabasic.htm for the complete manual, or online.
- When invoked as
yabasic -help,yabasic -h, oryabasic -?at the command line:
Usage: yabasic [OPTIONS] [FILENAME [ARGUMENTS]]
FILENAME : file, which contains the yabasic program; omit it to type
in your program on the fly (terminated by a double newline)
ARGUMENTS : strings, that are available from within the yabasic program
Available OPTIONS:
--help : print this message
--version : show version of yabasic
-i,--infolevel [dnwefb] : set infolevel to debug,note,warning,error,fatal or bison+flex
-e,--execute COMMANDS : execute yabasic COMMANDS right away
--bind BOUND : bind interpreter with FILENAME into BOUND
--geometry x+y : position graphic window at x,y
--font FONT : font for graphic, supply style (decorative,dontcare,
modern,roman,script or swiss) and size, e.g. swiss10
--docu NAME : print embedded docu of program or library
--check : check for possible compatibility problems
--librarypath PATH : directory to search libraries not found in
current dir (default d:\program files\yabasic\lib\)
-- : pass any subsequent words as arguments to yabasic
---Program done, press RETURN---