Bulls and cows
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
This is an old game played with pencil and paper that was later implemented on computer.
The task is for the program to create a four digit random number from the digits 1 to 9, without duplication. The program should ask for guesses to this number, reject guesses that are malformed, then print the score for the guess.
The score is computed as:
- The player wins if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number, and the program ends.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in the guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in the guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
C.f: Bulls and cows/Player, Guess the number, Guess the number/With Feedback
Ada
<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; with Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random;
procedure Bulls_And_Cows is
package Random_Natural is new Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random (Natural); Number : String (1..4);
begin
declare -- Generation of number use Random_Natural; Digit : String := "123456789"; Size : Positive := 9; Dice : Generator; Position : Natural; begin Reset (Dice); for I in Number'Range loop Position := Random (Dice) mod Size + 1; Number (I) := Digit (Position); Digit (Position..Size - 1) := Digit (Position + 1..Size); Size := Size - 1; end loop; end; loop -- Guessing loop Put ("Enter four digits:"); declare Guess : String := Get_Line; Bulls : Natural := 0; Cows : Natural := 0; begin if Guess'Length /= 4 then raise Data_Error; end if; for I in Guess'Range loop for J in Number'Range loop if Guess (I) not in '1'..'9' or else (I < J and then Guess (I) = Guess (J)) then raise Data_Error; end if; if Number (I) = Guess (J) then if I = J then Bulls := Bulls + 1; else Cows := Cows + 1; end if; end if; end loop; end loop; exit when Bulls = 4; Put_Line (Integer'Image (Bulls) & " bulls," & Integer'Image (Cows) & " cows"); exception when Data_Error => Put_Line ("You should enter four different digits 1..9"); end; end loop;
end Bulls_And_Cows;</lang>
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68>STRING digits = "123456789";
[4]CHAR chosen; STRING available := digits; FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
INT c = ENTIER(random*UPB available)+1; chosen[i] := available[c]; available := available[:c-1]+available[c+1:]
OD;
COMMENT print((chosen, new line)); # Debug # END COMMENT
OP D = (INT d)STRING: whole(d,0); # for formatting an integer #
print (("I have chosen a number from ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.", new line, "You need to input a ",D UPB chosen," digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen", new line));
PRIO WITHIN = 5, NOTWITHIN = 5; OP WITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: char in string(c,LOC INT,s); OP NOTWITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: NOT ( c WITHIN s );
INT guesses := 0, bulls, cows; WHILE
STRING guess; guesses +:= 1; WHILE # get a good guess # print((new line,"Next guess [",D guesses,"]: ")); read((guess, new line)); IF UPB guess NE UPB chosen THEN FALSE ELSE BOOL ok; FOR i TO UPB guess WHILE ok := guess[i] WITHIN digits AND guess[i] NOTWITHIN guess[i+1:] DO SKIP OD; NOT ok FI DO print(("Problem, try again. You need to enter ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9", new line)) OD;
- WHILE #
guess NE chosen
DO
bulls := cows := 0; FOR i TO UPB chosen DO IF guess[i] = chosen[i] THEN bulls +:= 1 ELIF guess[i] WITHIN chosen THEN cows +:= 1 FI OD; print((" ",D bulls," Bulls",new line," ",D cows," Cows"))
OD; print((new line, "Congratulations you guessed correctly in ",D guesses," attempts.",new line))</lang> Output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen Next guess [1]:
AutoHotkey
<lang autohotkey>While StrLen(Code) < 4 {
Random, num, 1, 9 If !InStr(Code, num) Code .= num
} Gui, Add, Edit, vGuess, Enter a guess... Gui, Add, Button, wp Default, Submit Gui, Add, ListBox, ym r8 vHistory Gui, Show Return
ButtonSubmit:
Gui, Submit, NoHide If StrLen(Guess) != 4 Return If Guess is not digit Return bulls:=0, cows:=0 Loop, 4 If (SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1) = SubStr(Code, A_Index, 1)) bulls++ Else If InStr(Code, SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1)) cows++ GuiControl,, History, % Guess ": " bulls " Bulls " cows " Cows"
Return
GuiClose:
ExitApp</lang>
BASIC
<lang qbasic>DEFINT A-Z
DIM secret AS STRING DIM guess AS STRING DIM c AS STRING DIM bulls, cows, guesses, i
RANDOMIZE TIMER DO WHILE LEN(secret) < 4
c = CHR$(INT(RND * 10) + 48) IF INSTR(secret, c) = 0 THEN secret = secret + c
LOOP
guesses = 0 DO
INPUT "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "; guess guess = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(guess)) IF LEN(guess) = 0 THEN EXIT DO
IF LEN(guess) <> 4 OR VAL(guess) = 0 THEN PRINT "** You should enter 4 numeric digits!" GOTO looper END IF
bulls = 0: cows = 0: guesses = guesses + 1 FOR i = 1 TO 4 c = MID$(secret, i, 1) IF MID$(guess, i, 1) = c THEN bulls = bulls + 1 ELSEIF INSTR(guess, c) THEN cows = cows + 1 END IF NEXT i PRINT bulls; " bulls, "; cows; " cows"
IF guess = secret THEN PRINT "You won after "; guesses; " guesses!" EXIT DO END IF
looper: LOOP</lang>
C
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdarg.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <stdbool.h>
- include <curses.h>
- include <string.h>
- define MAX_NUM_TRIES 72
- define LINE_BEGIN 7
- define LAST_LINE 18
int yp=LINE_BEGIN, xp=0;
char number[5]; char guess[5];
- define MAX_STR 256
void mvaddstrf(int y, int x, const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args; char buf[MAX_STR]; va_start(args, fmt); vsprintf(buf, fmt, args); move(y, x); clrtoeol(); addstr(buf); va_end(args);
}
void ask_for_a_number() {
int i=0; char symbols[] = "123456789";
move(5,0); clrtoeol(); addstr("Enter four digits: "); while(i<4) { int c = getch(); if ( (c >= '1') && (c <= '9') && (symbols[c-'1']!=0) ) { addch(c); symbols[c-'1'] = 0; guess[i++] = c; } }
}
void choose_the_number() {
int i=0, j; char symbols[] = "123456789";
while(i<4) { j = rand() % 9; if ( symbols[j] != 0 ) { number[i++] = symbols[j]; symbols[j] = 0; } }
}</lang>
The following function contains the code to check how many bulls and cows there are.
<lang c>bool take_it_or_not() {
int i; int cows=0, bulls=0;
for(i=0; i < 4; i++) { if ( number[i] == guess[i] ) { bulls++; } else if ( strchr(number, guess[i]) != NULL ) { cows++; } } move(yp, xp); addstr(guess); addch(' '); if ( bulls == 4 ) { yp++; return true; } if ( (cows==0) && (bulls==0) ) addch('-'); while( cows-- > 0 ) addstr("O"); while( bulls-- > 0 ) addstr("X"); yp++; if ( yp > LAST_LINE ) { yp = LINE_BEGIN; xp += 10; } return false;
}
bool ask_play_again() {
int i;
while(yp-- >= LINE_BEGIN) { move(yp, 0); clrtoeol(); } yp = LINE_BEGIN; xp = 0;
move(21,0); clrtoeol(); addstr("Do you want to play again? [y/n]"); while(true) { int a = getch(); switch(a) { case 'y': case 'Y': return true; case 'n': case 'N': return false; } }
}
int main()
{
bool bingo, again; int tries = 0;
initscr(); cbreak(); noecho(); clear();
number[4] = guess[4] = 0;
mvaddstr(0,0, "I choose a number made of 4 digits (from 1 to 9) without repetitions\n" "You enter a number of 4 digits, and I say you how many of them are\n" "in my secret number but in wrong position (cows or O), and how many\n" "are in the right position (bulls or X)"); do { move(20,0); clrtoeol(); move(21, 0); clrtoeol(); srand(time(NULL)); choose_the_number(); do { ask_for_a_number(); bingo = take_it_or_not(); tries++; } while(!bingo && (tries < MAX_NUM_TRIES)); if ( bingo ) mvaddstrf(20, 0, "You guessed %s correctly in %d attempts!", number, tries); else mvaddstrf(20,0, "Sorry, you had only %d tries...; the number was %s",
MAX_NUM_TRIES, number);
again = ask_play_again(); tries = 0; } while(again); nocbreak(); echo(); endwin(); return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>#include <iostream>
- include <string>
- include <algorithm>
- include <cstdlib>
bool contains_duplicates(std::string s) {
std::sort(s.begin(), s.end()); return std::adjacent_find(s.begin(), s.end()) != s.end();
}
void game() {
typedef std::string::size_type index;
std::string symbols = "0123456789"; unsigned int const selection_length = 4;
std::random_shuffle(symbols.begin(), symbols.end()); std::string selection = symbols.substr(0, selection_length); std::string guess; while (std::cout << "Your guess? ", std::getline(std::cin, guess)) { if (guess.length() != selection_length || guess.find_first_not_of(symbols) != std::string::npos || contains_duplicates(guess)) { std::cout << guess << " is not a valid guess!"; continue; }
unsigned int bulls = 0; unsigned int cows = 0; for (index i = 0; i != selection_length; ++i) { index pos = selection.find(guess[i]); if (pos == i) ++bulls; else if (pos != std::string::npos) ++cows; } std::cout << bulls << " bulls, " << cows << " cows.\n"; if (bulls == selection_length) { std::cout << "Congratulations! You have won!\n"; return; } } std::cerr << "Oops! Something went wrong with input, or you've entered end-of-file!\nExiting ...\n"; std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int main() {
std::cout << "Welcome to bulls and cows!\nDo you want to play? "; std::string answer; while (true) { while (true) { if (!std::getline(std::cin, answer)) { std::cout << "I can't get an answer. Exiting.\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (answer == "yes" || answer == "Yes" || answer == "y" || answer == "Y") break; if (answer == "no" || answer == "No" || answer == "n" || answer == "N") { std::cout << "Ok. Goodbye.\n"; return EXIT_SUCCESS; } std::cout << "Please answer yes or no: "; } game(); std::cout << "Another game? "; }
}</lang>
C#
<lang csharp>using System;
namespace BullsnCows {
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; KnuthShuffle<int>(ref nums); int[] chosenNum = new int[4]; Array.Copy(nums, chosenNum, 4);
Console.WriteLine("Your Guess ?"); while (!game(Console.ReadLine(), chosenNum)) { Console.WriteLine("Your next Guess ?"); } Console.ReadKey(); }
public static void KnuthShuffle<T>(ref T[] array) { System.Random random = new System.Random(); for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++) { int j = random.Next(array.Length); T temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } }
public static bool game(string guess, int[] num) { char[] guessed = guess.ToCharArray(); int bullsCount = 0, cowsCount = 0;
if (guessed.Length != 4) { Console.WriteLine("Not a valid guess."); return false; }
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { int curguess = (int) char.GetNumericValue(guessed[i]); if (curguess < 1 || curguess > 9) { Console.WriteLine("Digit must be ge greater 0 and lower 10."); return false; } if (curguess == num[i]) { bullsCount++; } else { for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { if (curguess == num[j]) cowsCount++; } } }
if (bullsCount == 4) { Console.WriteLine("Congratulations! You have won!"); return true; } else { Console.WriteLine("Your Score is {0} bulls and {1} cows", bullsCount, cowsCount); return false; } } }
} </lang>
Clojure
<lang clojure> (ns bulls-and-cows)
(defn bulls [guess solution]
(count (filter true? (map = guess solution))))
(defn cows [guess solution]
(- (count (filter (set solution) guess)) (bulls guess solution)))
(defn valid-input?
"checks whether the string is a 4 digit number with unique digits" [user-input] (if (re-seq #"^(?!.*(\d).*\1)\d{4}$" user-input) true false))
(defn enter-guess []
"Let the user enter a guess. Verify the input. Repeat until valid.
returns a list of digits enters by the user (# # # #)"
(println "Enter your guess: ") (let [guess (read-line)] (if (valid-input? guess) (map #(Character/digit % 10) guess) (recur))))
(defn bulls-and-cows []
"generate a random 4 digit number from the list of (1 ... 9): no repeating digits
player tries to guess the number with bull and cows rules gameplay"
(let [solution ( take 4 (shuffle (range 1 10)))] (println "lets play some bulls and cows!") (loop [guess (enter-guess)] (println (bulls guess solution) " bulls and " (cows guess solution) " cows.") (if (not= guess solution) (recur (enter-guess)) (println "You have won!")))))
(bulls-and-cows) </lang>
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(defun get-number ()
(do ((digits '())) ((>= (length digits) 4) digits) (pushnew (1+ (random 9)) digits)))
(defun compute-score (guess number)
(let ((cows 0) (bulls 0)) (map nil (lambda (guess-digit number-digit) (cond ((= guess-digit number-digit) (incf bulls)) ((member guess-digit number) (incf cows)))) guess number) (values cows bulls)))
(defun number->guess (number)
(when (integerp number) (do ((digits '())) ((zerop number) digits) (multiple-value-bind (quotient remainder) (floor number 10) (push remainder digits) (setf number quotient)))))
(defun valid-guess-p (guess)
(and (= 4 (length guess)) (every (lambda (digit) (<= 1 digit 9)) guess) (equal guess (remove-duplicates guess))))
(defun play-game (&optional (stream *query-io*))
(do ((number (get-number)) (cows 0) (bulls 0)) ((= 4 bulls)) (format stream "~&Guess a 4-digit number: ") (let ((guess (number->guess (read stream)))) (cond ((not (valid-guess-p guess)) (format stream "~&Malformed guess.")) (t (setf (values cows bulls) (compute-score guess number)) (if (= 4 bulls) (format stream "~&Correct, you win!") (format stream "~&Score: ~a cows, ~a bulls." cows bulls)))))))</lang>
D
<lang d>import std.stdio, std.random, std.string;
void main() {
int size = 4; char[] digits = "123456789".dup; char[] chosen = digits.dup; randomShuffle(chosen); chosen = chosen[0 .. size];
writefln("Guess a number composed of %d unique digits from" ~ " 1 to 9 in random order.", size, size);
int nguesses; while (true) { nguesses++; string guess; while (true) { writef("\nNext guess (%d): ", nguesses); guess = readln().strip(); if (guess.length == size && countchars(guess, digits.idup) == size && guess.dup.sort.idup.squeeze().length == size) break; writefln("I need %d unique digits from 1 to 9, no spaces", size); }
if (guess == chosen) { writeln("\nYou guessed correctly in ", nguesses, " attempts"); break; }
int bulls, cows; foreach (i; 0 .. size) { if (guess[i] == chosen[i]) bulls++; else if (indexOf(chosen, guess[i]) != -1) cows++; } writefln(" %d Bulls\n %d Cows", bulls, cows); }
}</lang> Output:
Guess a number composed of 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 in random order. Next guess (1): 123 I need 4 unique digits from 1 to 9, no spaces Next guess (1): 1234 1 Bulls 1 Cows Next guess (2): 5296 2 Bulls 0 Cows Next guess (3): 5217 You guessed correctly in 3 attempts
E
Note: This example was deliberately written in an abstracted style, separating out the algorithms, game logic, and UI.
<lang e>def Digit := 1..9 def Number := Tuple[Digit,Digit,Digit,Digit]
/** Choose a random number to be guessed. */ def pick4(entropy) {
def digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].diverge() # Partial Fisher-Yates shuffle for i in 0..!4 { def other := entropy.nextInt(digits.size() - i) + i def t := digits[other] digits[other] := digits[i] digits[i] := t } return digits(0, 4)
}
/** Compute the score of a guess. */ def scoreGuess(actual :Number, guess :Number) {
var bulls := 0 var cows := 0 for i => digit in guess { if (digit == actual[i]) { bulls += 1 } else if (actual.indexOf1(digit) != -1) { cows += 1 } } return [bulls, cows]
}
/** Parse a guess string into a list of digits (Number). */ def parseGuess(guessString, fail) :Number {
if (guessString.size() != 4) { return fail(`I need four digits, not ${guessString.size()} digits.`) } else { var digits := [] for c in guessString { if (('1'..'9')(c)) { digits with= c - '0' } else { return fail(`I need a digit from 1 to 9, not "$c".`) } } return digits }
}
/** The game loop: asking for guesses and reporting scores and win conditions.
The return value is null or a broken reference if there was a problem. */
def bullsAndCows(askUserForGuess, tellUser, entropy) {
def actual := pick4(entropy) def gameTurn() { return when (def guessString := askUserForGuess <- ()) -> { escape tellAndContinue {
def guess := parseGuess(guessString, tellAndContinue) def [bulls, cows] := scoreGuess(actual, guess) if (bulls == 4) { tellUser <- (`You got it! The number is $actual!`) null } else { tellAndContinue(`Your score for $guessString is $bulls bulls and $cows cows.`) } } catch message { # The parser or scorer has something to say, and the game continues afterward when (tellUser <- (message)) -> { gameTurn() } } } catch p { # Unexpected problem of some sort tellUser <- ("Sorry, game crashed.") throw(p) } } return gameTurn()
}</lang>
REPL user interface
def replBullsAndCows() { when ( bullsAndCows(fn { def [guess, env] := e`def guess; guess`.evalToPair(interp.getTopScope().nestOuter()) interp.setTopScope(env) println("Please type “ bind guess := \"your guess here\" ”.") guess }, println, entropy) ) -> {} catch p { println(`$p${p.eStack()}`) } }
Graphical user interface
(Java Swing)
<lang e>def guiBullsAndCows() {
var lastGuess := "" def op := <unsafe:javax.swing.makeJOptionPane> return bullsAndCows(fn { lastGuess := op.showInputDialog(null, "Enter your guess:", lastGuess) if (lastGuess == null) { # canceled, so just fail to return an answer and let the game logic get GCed Ref.promise()[0] } else { lastGuess } }, fn msg { op.showMessageDialog(null, msg) }, entropy)
}</lang>
Factor
<lang Factor>USING: accessors assocs combinators fry grouping hashtables kernel
locals math math.parser math.ranges random sequences strings io ascii ;
IN: bullsncows
TUPLE: score bulls cows ;
- <score> ( -- score ) 0 0 score boa ;
TUPLE: cow ;
- <cow> ( -- cow ) cow new ;
TUPLE: bull ;
- <bull> ( -- bull ) bull new ;
- inc-bulls ( score -- score ) dup bulls>> 1 + >>bulls ;
- inc-cows ( score -- score ) dup cows>> 1 + >>cows ;
- random-nums ( -- seq ) 9 [1,b] 4 sample ;
- add-digits ( seq -- n ) 0 [ swap 10 * + ] reduce number>string ;
- new-number ( -- n narr ) random-nums dup add-digits ;
- narr>nhash ( narr -- nhash ) { 1 2 3 4 } swap zip ;
- num>hash ( n -- hash )
[ 1string string>number ] { } map-as narr>nhash ;
- cow-or-bull ( n g -- arr )
{ { [ n first g at n second = ] [ <bull> ] } { [ n second g value? ] [ <cow> ] } [ f ] } cond ;
- add-to-score ( arr -- score )
<score> [ bull? [ inc-bulls ] [ inc-cows ] if ] reduce ;
- check-win ( score -- ? ) bulls>> 4 = ;
- sum-score ( n g -- score ? )
'[ _ cow-or-bull ] map sift add-to-score dup check-win ;
- print-sum ( score -- str )
dup bulls>> number>string "Bulls: " swap append swap cows>> number>string " Cows: " swap 3append "\n" append ;
- (validate-readln) ( str -- ? ) dup length 4 = not swap [ letter? ] all? or ;
- validate-readln ( -- str )
readln dup (validate-readln) [ "Invalid input.\nPlease enter a valid 4 digit number: " write flush drop validate-readln ] when ;
- win ( -- ) "\nYou've won! Good job. You're so smart." print flush ;
- main-loop ( x -- )
"Enter a 4 digit number: " write flush validate-readln num>hash swap [ sum-score swap print-sum print flush ] keep swap not [ main-loop ] [ drop win ] if ;
- main ( -- ) new-number drop narr>nhash main-loop ;</lang>
Fan
<lang Fan>**
- Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
class BullsAndCows {
Void main() { digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] size := 4 chosen := [,] size.times { chosen.add(digits.removeAt(Int.random(0..<digits.size))) }
echo("I've chosen $size unique digits from 1 to 9 at random. Try to guess my number!") guesses := 0 while (true) // game loop { guesses += 1 guess := Int[,] while (true) // input loop { // get a good guess Sys.out.print("\nNext guess [$guesses]: ") Sys.out.flush inString := Sys.in.readLine?.trim ?: "" inString.each |ch| { if (ch >= '1' && ch <= '9' && !guess.contains(ch)) guess.add(ch-'0') } if (guess.size == 4) break // input loop echo("Oops, try again. You need to enter $size unique digits from 1 to 9") } if (guess.all |v, i->Bool| { return v == chosen[i] }) { echo("\nCongratulations! You guessed correctly in $guesses guesses") break // game loop } bulls := 0 cows := 0 (0 ..< size).each |i| { if (guess[i] == chosen[i]) bulls += 1 else if (chosen.contains(guess[i])) cows += 1 } echo("\n $bulls Bulls\n $cows Cows") } }
}</lang>
Forth
<lang forth>include random.fs
create hidden 4 allot
- ok? ( str -- ? )
dup 4 <> if 2drop false exit then 1 9 lshift 1- -rot bounds do i c@ '1 - dup 0 9 within 0= if 2drop false leave then 1 swap lshift over and dup 0= if nip leave then xor loop 0<> ;
- init
begin hidden 4 bounds do 9 random '1 + i c! loop hidden 4 ok? until ;
- check? ( addr -- solved? )
0 4 0 do over i + c@ 4 0 do dup hidden i + c@ = if swap i j = if 8 else 1 then + swap then loop drop loop nip 8 /mod tuck . ." bulls, " . ." cows" 4 = ;
- guess: ( "1234" -- )
bl parse 2dup ok? 0= if 2drop ." Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" exit then drop check? if cr ." You guessed it!" then ;</lang> init ok guess: 1234 1 bulls, 0 cows ok guess: 1567 1 bulls, 1 cows ok guess: 1895 2 bulls, 1 cows ok guess: 1879 4 bulls, 0 cows You guessed it! ok
Fortran
<lang fortran>module bac
implicit none
contains
subroutine Gennum(n) integer, intent(out) :: n(4) integer :: i, j real :: r call random_number(r) n(1) = int(r * 9.0) + 1 i = 2
outer: do while (i <= 4)
call random_number(r) n(i) = int(r * 9.0) + 1
inner: do j = i-1 , 1, -1
if (n(j) == n(i)) cycle outer end do inner i = i + 1 end do outer end subroutine Gennum
subroutine Score(n, guess, b, c) character(*), intent(in) :: guess integer, intent(in) :: n(0:3) integer, intent(out) :: b, c integer :: digit, i, j, ind b = 0; c = 0 do i = 1, 4 read(guess(i:i), "(i1)") digit if (digit == n(i-1)) then b = b + 1 else do j = i, i+2 ind = mod(j, 4) if (digit == n(ind)) then c = c + 1 exit end if end do end if end do
end subroutine Score
end module bac
program Bulls_and_Cows
use bac implicit none integer :: n(4) integer :: bulls=0, cows=0, tries=0 character(4) :: guess
call random_seed call Gennum(n) write(*,*) "I have selected a number made up of 4 digits (1-9) without repetitions." write(*,*) "You attempt to guess this number." write(*,*) "Every digit in your guess that is in the correct position scores 1 Bull" write(*,*) "Every digit in your guess that is in an incorrect position scores 1 Cow" write(*,*)
do while (bulls /= 4) write(*,*) "Enter a 4 digit number" read*, guess if (verify(guess, "123456789") /= 0) then write(*,*) "That is an invalid entry. Please try again." cycle end if tries = tries + 1 call Score (n, guess, bulls, cows) write(*, "(a, i1, a, i1, a)") "You scored ", bulls, " bulls and ", cows, " cows" write(*,*) end do
write(*,"(a,i0,a)") "Congratulations! You correctly guessed the correct number in ", tries, " attempts"
end program Bulls_and_Cows</lang>
Go
<lang go>package main
import ( . "fmt" "rand" "time" "os" "bufio" "strconv" "strings" )
func generateTarget() int { rand.Seed(time.Nanoseconds()) // loop until we find a number that doesn't have dupes for { target := rand.Intn(9000) + 1000 if !hasDupes(target) { return target } } panic("Crap.") }
func hasDupes(num int) bool { digs := make([]bool, 10) for num > 0 { if digs[num%10] { return true } digs[num%10] = true num /= 10 } return false }
func askForNumber() (int, os.Error) { in := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
for { Print("Give me a number: ") line, err := in.ReadString('\n')
if err != nil { return -1, err }
// Strip off the \n line = line[0 : len(line)-1] number, err := strconv.Atoi(line)
switch { case err != nil: Println("Give me a number fule!") case number < 1000: Println("Number not long enough") case number > 9999: Println("Number is to big") case hasDupes(number): Println("I said no dupes!") default: return number, nil } // Keep Asking } panic("Crap.") }
func bullsAndCows(number int, guess int) (bulls int, cows int) { bulls, cows = 0, 0 numberstr := strconv.Itoa(number) guessstr := strconv.Itoa(guess)
for i := range guessstr { s := string(guessstr[i]) switch { case guessstr[i] == numberstr[i]: bulls++ case strings.Index(numberstr, s) >= 0: cows++ } } return; }
func main() { attempts := 0
Print("I choose a number made of 4 digits (from 1 to 9) without repetitions\n" "You enter a number of 4 digits, and I say you how many of them are\n" "in my secret number but in wrong position (cows or O), and how many\n" "are in the right position (bulls or X)\n\n")
target := generateTarget()
for { guess, err := askForNumber() attempts++
// Handle err if err != nil && err != os.EOF { Print(err) } else if err == os.EOF { return }
// Check if target matches guess if guess == target { Printf("Congratulations you guessed correctly in %d attempts\n", attempts) return }
bulls, cows := bullsAndCows(target, guess) Printf("%d Bulls, %d Cows\n", bulls, cows) }
}</lang>
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Data.List (partition, intersect, nub) import Control.Monad import System.Random (StdGen, getStdRandom, randomR) import Text.Printf
numberOfDigits = 4 :: Int
main = bullsAndCows
bullsAndCows :: IO () bullsAndCows = do
digits <- getStdRandom $ pick numberOfDigits ['1' .. '9'] putStrLn "Guess away!" loop digits
where loop digits = do input <- getLine if okay input then let (bulls, cows) = score digits input in if bulls == numberOfDigits then putStrLn "You win!" else do printf "%d bulls, %d cows.\n" bulls cows loop digits else do putStrLn "Malformed guess; try again." loop digits
okay :: String -> Bool okay input = length input == numberOfDigits && input == nub input && all legalchar input where legalchar c = '1' <= c && c <= '9'
score :: String -> String -> (Int, Int) score secret guess = (length bulls, cows) where (bulls, nonbulls) = partition (uncurry (==)) $ zip secret guess cows = length $ uncurry intersect $ unzip nonbulls
pick :: Int -> [a] -> StdGen -> ([a], StdGen) {- Randomly selects items from a list without replacement. -} pick n l g = f n l g (length l - 1) []
where f 0 _ g _ ps = (ps, g) f n l g max ps = f (n - 1) (left ++ right) g' (max - 1) (picked : ps) where (i, g') = randomR (0, max) g (left, picked : right) = splitAt i l</lang>
J
<lang j>require 'misc'
plural=: conjunction define
(":m),' ',n,'s'#~1~:m
)
bullcow=:monad define
number=. 1+4?9 guess=._ while.-.guess-:number do. guess=.0 "."0 prompt 'Guess my number: ' if. (4~:#guess)+.(4~:#~.guess)+.0 e.guess e.1+i.9 do. if.0=#guess do. smoutput 'Giving up.' return. end. smoutput 'Guesses must be four different non-zero digits' continue. end. bulls=. +/guess=number cows=. (+/guess e.number)-bulls smoutput bulls plural 'bull',' and ',cows plural 'cow','.' end. smoutput 'you win'
)</lang>
For example:
<lang j> bullcow Guess my number: 7461 0 bulls and 1 cow. Guess my number: 3215 0 bulls and 3 cows. Guess my number: 2357 2 bulls and 0 cows. Guess my number: 1359 3 bulls and 0 cows. Guess my number: 1358 4 bulls and 0 cows. you win</lang>
Java
<lang java5>import java.util.InputMismatchException; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner;
public class BullsAndCows{ public static void main(String[] args){ Random gen= new Random(); int target= 0; while(hasDupes(target= (gen.nextInt(9000) + 1000))); String targetStr = target +""; boolean guessed = false; Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); int guesses = 0; do{ int bulls = 0; int cows = 0; System.out.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "); int guess; try{ guess = input.nextInt(); if(hasDupes(guess) || guess < 1000) continue; }catch(InputMismatchException e){ continue; } guesses++; String guessStr = guess + ""; for(int i= 0;i < 4;i++){ if(guessStr.charAt(i) == targetStr.charAt(i)){ bulls++; }else if(targetStr.contains(guessStr.charAt(i)+"")){ cows++; } } if(bulls == 4){ guessed = true; }else{ System.out.println(cows+" Cows and "+bulls+" Bulls."); } }while(!guessed); System.out.println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!"); }
public static boolean hasDupes(int num){ boolean[] digs = new boolean[10]; while(num > 0){ if(digs[num%10]) return true; digs[num%10] = true; num/= 10; } return false; } }</lang> Output:
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 5834 2 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 1234 1 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 4321 1 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3421 0 Cows and 1 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 8412 0 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3560 1 Cows and 1 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3650 0 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3759 2 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3975 2 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3957 You won after 10 guesses!
Logo
<lang logo>to ok? :n
output (and [number? :n] [4 = count :n] [4 = count remdup :n] [not member? 0 :n])
end
to init
do.until [make "hidden random 10000] [ok? :hidden]
end
to guess :n
if not ok? :n [print [Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)] stop] localmake "bulls 0 localmake "cows 0 foreach :n [cond [ [[? = item # :hidden] make "bulls 1 + :bulls] [[member? ? :hidden] make "cows 1 + :cows ] ]] (print :bulls "bulls, :cows "cows) if :bulls = 4 [print [You guessed it!]]
end</lang>
Lua
<lang Lua>function ShuffleArray(array)
for i=1,#array-1 do local t = math.random(i, #array) array[i], array[t] = array[t], array[i] end
end
function GenerateNumber()
local digits = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
ShuffleArray(digits)
return digits[1] * 1000 + digits[2] * 100 + digits[3] * 10 + digits[4]
end
function IsMalformed(input)
local malformed = false
if #input == 4 then local already_used = {} for i=1,4 do local digit = input:byte(i) - string.byte('0') if digit < 1 or digit > 9 or already_used[digit] then malformed = true break end already_used[digit] = true end else malformed = true end
return malformed
end
math.randomseed(os.time()) math.randomseed(math.random(2^31-1)) -- since os.time() only returns seconds
print("\nWelcome to Bulls and Cows!") print("") print("The object of this game is to guess the random 4-digit number that the") print("computer has chosen. The number is generated using only the digits 1-9,") print("with no repeated digits. Each time you enter a guess, you will score one") print("\"bull\" for each digit in your guess that matches the corresponding digit") print("in the computer-generated number, and you will score one \"cow\" for each") print("digit in your guess that appears in the computer-generated number, but is") print("in the wrong position. Use this information to refine your guesses. When") print("you guess the correct number, you win."); print("")
quit = false
repeat
magic_number = GenerateNumber() magic_string = tostring(magic_number) -- Easier to do scoring with a string repeat io.write("\nEnter your guess (or 'Q' to quit): ") user_input = io.read() if user_input == 'Q' or user_input == 'q' then quit = true break end
if not IsMalformed(user_input) then if user_input == magic_string then print("YOU WIN!!!") else local bulls, cows = 0, 0 for i=1,#user_input do local find_result = magic_string:find(user_input:sub(i,i))
if find_result and find_result == i then bulls = bulls + 1 elseif find_result then cows = cows + 1 end end print(string.format("You scored %d bulls, %d cows", bulls, cows)) end else print("Malformed input. You must enter a 4-digit number with") print("no repeated digits, using only the digits 1-9.") end
until user_input == magic_string
if not quit then io.write("\nPress <Enter> to play again or 'Q' to quit: ") user_input = io.read() if user_input == 'Q' or user_input == 'q' then quit = true end end
if quit then print("\nGoodbye!") end
until quit</lang>
MUMPS
<lang MUMPS>BullCow New bull,cow,guess,guessed,ii,number,pos,x Set number="",x=1234567890 For ii=1:1:4 Do . Set pos=$Random($Length(x))+1 . Set number=number_$Extract(x,pos) . Set $Extract(x,pos)="" . Quit Write !,"The computer has selected a number that consists" Write !,"of four different digits." Write !!,"As you are guessing the number, ""bulls"" and ""cows""" Write !,"will be awarded: a ""bull"" for each digit that is" Write !,"placed in the correct position, and a ""cow"" for each" Write !,"digit that occurs in the number, but in a different place.",! Write !,"For a guess, enter 4 digits." Write !,"Any other input is interpreted as ""I give up"".",! Set guessed=0 For Do Quit:guessed . Write !,"Your guess: " Read guess If guess'?4n Set guessed=-1 Quit . Set (bull,cow)=0,x=guess . For ii=4:-1:1 If $Extract(x,ii)=$Extract(number,ii) Do . . Set bull=bull+1,$Extract(x,ii)="" . . Quit . For ii=1:1:$Length(x) Set:number[$Extract(x,ii) cow=cow+1 . Write !,"You guessed ",guess,". That earns you " . If 'bull,'cow Write "neither bulls nor cows..." Quit . If bull Write bull," bull" Write:bull>1 "s" . If cow Write:bull " and " Write cow," cow" Write:cow>1 "s" . Write "." . If bull=4 Set guessed=1 Write !,"That's a perfect score." . Quit If guessed<0 Write !!,"The number was ",number,".",! Quit Do BullCow
The computer has selected a number that consists of four different digits.
As you are guessing the number, "bulls" and "cows" will be awarded: a "bull" for each digit that is placed in the correct position, and a "cow" for each digit that occurs in the number, but in a different place.
For a guess, enter 4 digits. Any other input is interpreted as "I give up".
Your guess: 1234 You guessed 1234. That earns you 1 cow. Your guess: 5678 You guessed 5678. That earns you 1 cow. Your guess: 9815 You guessed 9815. That earns you 1 cow. Your guess: 9824 You guessed 9824. That earns you 2 cows. Your guess: 9037 You guessed 9037. That earns you 1 bull and 2 cows. Your guess: 9048 You guessed 2789. That earns you 1 bull and 2 cows. Your guess: 2079 You guessed 2079. That earns you 1 bull and 3 cows. Your guess: 2709 You guessed 2709. That earns you 2 bulls and 2 cows. Your guess: 0729 You guessed 0729. That earns you 4 cows. Your guess: 2907 You guessed 2907. That earns you 4 bulls. That's a perfect score.</lang>
OCaml
<lang ocaml>let rec input() =
let s = read_line () in try if String.length s <> 4 then raise Exit; String.iter (function | '1'..'9' -> () | _ -> raise Exit ) s; let t = [ s.[0]; s.[1]; s.[2]; s.[3] ] in let _ = List.fold_left (* reject entry with duplication *) (fun ac b -> if List.mem b ac then raise Exit; (b::ac)) [] t in List.map (fun c -> int_of_string (String.make 1 c)) t with Exit -> prerr_endline "That is an invalid entry. Please try again."; input()
let print_score g t =
let bull = ref 0 in List.iter2 (fun x y -> if x = y then incr bull ) g t; let cow = ref 0 in List.iter (fun x -> if List.mem x t then incr cow ) g; cow := !cow - !bull; Printf.printf "%d bulls, %d cows\n%!" !bull !cow
let () =
Random.self_init(); let rec mkgoal acc = function 4 -> acc | i -> let n = succ(Random.int 9) in if List.mem n acc then mkgoal acc i else mkgoal (n::acc) (succ i) in let g = mkgoal [] 0 in let found = ref false in while not !found do let t = input() in if t = g then found := true else print_score g t done; print_endline "Congratulations you guessed correctly";
- </lang>
Oz
<lang oz>declare
proc {Main} Solution = {PickNUnique 4 {List.number 1 9 1}}
proc {Loop} Guess = {EnterGuess} in {System.showInfo {Bulls Guess Solution}#" bulls and "# {Cows Guess Solution}#" cows"} if Guess \= Solution then {Loop} end end in {Loop} {System.showInfo "You have won!"} end
fun {Bulls Xs Sol} {Length {Filter {List.zip Xs Sol Value.'=='} Id}} end
fun {Cows Xs Sol} {Length {Intersection Xs Sol}} end
local class TextFile from Open.file Open.text end StdIn = {New TextFile init(name:stdin)} in fun {EnterGuess} try {System.printInfo "Enter your guess (e.g. \"1234\"): "} S = {StdIn getS($)} in %% verify {Length S} = 4 {All S Char.isDigit} = true {FD.distinct S} %% assert there is no duplicate digit %% convert from digits to numbers {Map S fun {$ D} D-&0 end} catch _ then {EnterGuess} end end end
fun {PickNUnique N Xs} {FoldL {MakeList N} fun {$ Z _} {Pick {Diff Xs Z}}|Z end nil} end
fun {Pick Xs} {Nth Xs {OS.rand} mod {Length Xs} + 1} end
fun {Diff Xs Ys} {FoldL Ys List.subtract Xs} end
fun {Intersection Xs Ys} {Filter Xs fun {$ X} {Member X Ys} end} end fun {Id X} X end
in
{Main}</lang>
Perl
<lang perl>use Data::Random qw(rand_set); use List::MoreUtils qw(uniq);
my $size = 4; my $chosen = join "", rand_set set => ["1".."9"], size => $size;
print "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n";
for ( my $guesses = 1; ; $guesses++ ) {
my $guess; while (1) { print "\nNext guess [$guesses]: "; $guess = <STDIN>; chomp $guess; checkguess($guess) and last; print "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n"; } if ( $guess eq $chosen ) { print "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n"; last; } my $bulls = 0; my $cows = 0; for my $i (0 .. $size-1) { if ( substr($guess, $i, 1) eq substr($chosen, $i, 1) ) { $bulls++; } elsif ( index($chosen, substr($guess, $i, 1)) >= 0 ) { $cows++; } } print "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n";
}
sub checkguess {
my $g = shift; return uniq(split //, $g) == $size && $g =~ /^[1-9]{$size}$/;
}</lang>
Perl 6
<lang perl6>my $size = 4; my @secret = pick $size, '1' .. '9';
for 1..* -> $guesses {
my @guess; loop { @guess = (prompt("Guess $guesses: ") // exit).comb; last if @guess == $size and all(@guess) eq one(@guess) & any('1' .. '9'); say 'Malformed guess; try again.'; } my ($bulls, $cows) = 0, 0; for ^$size { when @guess[$_] eq @secret[$_] { ++$bulls; } when @guess[$_] eq any @secret { ++$cows; } } last if $bulls == $size; say "$bulls bulls, $cows cows.";
}
say 'A winner is you!';</lang>
PHP
<lang php><?php $size = 4;
$chosen = implode(array_rand(array_flip(range(1,9)), $size));
echo "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n";
for ($guesses = 1; ; $guesses++) {
while (true) { echo "\nNext guess [$guesses]: "; $guess = rtrim(fgets(STDIN)); if (!checkguess($guess)) echo "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n"; else break; } if ($guess == $chosen) { echo "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n"; break; } else { $bulls = 0; $cows = 0; foreach (range(0, $size-1) as $i) { if ($guess[$i] == $chosen[$i]) $bulls++; else if (strpos($chosen, $guess[$i]) !== FALSE) $cows++; } echo "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n"; }
}
function checkguess($g) {
global $size; return count(array_unique(str_split($g))) == $size && preg_match("/^[1-9]Template:$size$/", $g);
} ?></lang>
PicoLisp
<lang lisp>(de ok? (N)
(let D (mapcar 'format (chop N)) (and (num? N) (not (member 0 D)) (= 4 (length D)) (= D (uniq D)) D )) )
(de init-cows ()
(until (setq *Hidden (ok? (rand 1234 9876)))) )
(de guess (N)
(let D (ok? N) (if D (let Bulls (cnt '= D *Hidden) (if (= 4 Bulls) " You guessed it!" (let Cows (- (cnt '((N) (member N *Hidden)) D) Bulls) (pack Bulls " bulls, " Cows " cows") ) ) ) " Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" ) ) )
</lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>Define.s secret, guess, c Define.i bulls, cows, guesses, i
If OpenConsole()
While Len(secret) < 4 c = Chr(Random(8) + 49) If FindString(secret, c, 1) = 0 secret + c EndIf Wend
Repeat Print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ") guess = Input() If Len(guess) = 0 Break ;break from loop EndIf isMalformedGuess = #False If Len(guess) <> 4 ;guess is too short isMalformedGuess = #True Else For i = 1 To 4 c = Mid(guess, i, 1) If Not FindString("123456789", c, 1) Or CountString(guess, c) <> 1 ;guess contains either non-digits or duplicate digits isMalformedGuess = #True Break ;break from For/Next loop EndIf Next EndIf If isMalformedGuess PrintN("** You should enter 4 different numeric digits that are each from 1 to 9!") Continue ;continue loop EndIf bulls = 0: cows = 0: guesses = guesses + 1 For i = 1 To 4 c = Mid(secret, i, 1) If Mid(guess, i, 1) = c bulls + 1 ElseIf FindString(guess, c, 1) cows + 1 EndIf Next Print( Str(bulls) + " bull") If bulls <> 1 Print( "s") EndIf Print( ", " + Str(cows) + " cow") If cows <> 1 PrintN( "s") Else PrintN("") EndIf If guess = secret PrintN("You won after " + Str(guesses) + " guesses!") Break ;break from loop EndIf ForEver
Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit") Input() CloseConsole()
EndIf</lang>
Python
<lang python>
Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
import random
digits = '123456789' size = 4 chosen = .join(random.sample(digits,size))
- print chosen # Debug
print I have chosen a number from %s unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a %i digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen % (size, size) guesses = 0 while True:
guesses += 1 while True: # get a good guess guess = raw_input('\nNext guess [%i]: ' % guesses).strip() if len(guess) == size and \ all(char in digits for char in guess) \ and len(set(guess)) == size: break print "Problem, try again. You need to enter %i unique digits from 1 to 9" % size if guess == chosen: print '\nCongratulations you guessed correctly in',guesses,'attempts' break bulls = cows = 0 for i in range(size): if guess[i] == chosen[i]: bulls += 1 elif guess[i] in chosen: cows += 1 print ' %i Bulls\n %i Cows' % (bulls, cows)</lang>
Sample output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen Next guess [1]: 79 Problem, try again. You need to enter 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 Next guess [1]: 7983 2 Bulls 2 Cows Next guess [2]: 7938 Congratulations you guessed correctly in 2 attempts
R
<lang R>target <- sample(1:9,4) bulls <- 0 cows <- 0 attempts <- 0 while (bulls != 4)
{ input <- readline("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits or 0s: ") if (nchar(input) == 4) { input <- as.integer(strsplit(input,"")1) if ((sum(is.na(input)+sum(input==0))>=1) | (length(table(input)) != 4)) {print("Malformed input!")} else { bulls <- sum(input == target) cows <- sum(input %in% target)-bulls cat("\n",bulls," Bull(s) and ",cows, " Cow(s)\n") attempts <- attempts + 1 } } else {print("Malformed input!")} }
print(paste("You won in",attempts,"attempt(s)!"))</lang>
REXX
<lang rexx> /*REXX program to play the game of "Bulls & Cows". */
call getRand
do forever call getN if n==? then call winner call scorer call sy "You got" bulls 'bull's(bulls) "and" cows 'cow's(cows)"." end
/*─────────────────────────────────────GETN subroutine──────────────────*/
getN: bulls='[Bulls & Cows game] ' /*get a guess from the guesser. */
do forever call sy bulls 'Please enter a four-digit guess (or QUIT):' parse pull n _ . nu=n upper nu if nu=='QUIT' then exit
if n== then do call ser 'no argument specified.' iterate end
if _\== then do call ser 'too many arguments specified.' iterate end
_=verify(0,n) if _==0 then do call ser 'illegal digit: 0' iterate end
_=verify(n,987654321) if _\==0 then do call ser 'illegal character:' substr(n,_,1) iterate end
if length(n)<4 then do call ser 'not enough digits' iterate end
if length(n)>4 then do call ser 'too many digits' iterate end return end
/*─────────────────────────────────────GETRAND subroutine───────────────*/ getRand: ?=
do until length(?)==4 r=random(1,9) if pos(r,?)\==0 then iterate ?=?||r end
return
/*─────────────────────────────────────S subroutine─────────────────────*/
s: if arg(1)==1 then return ; return 's'
/*─────────────────────────────────────SCORER subroutine────────────────*/
scorer: g=?
bulls=0
do j=1 for 4 x=substr(n,j,1) _=x==substr(g,j,1) if _==0 then iterate bulls=bulls+1 g=overlay(' ',g,j) end /*j*/
cows=0
do k=1 for 4 cows=cows+(pos(substr(n,k,1),g)\==0) end
return
/*─────────────────────────────────────SER subroutine───────────────────*/
ser: call sy '*** error! ***'; call sy arg(1); return
/*─────────────────────────────────────SY subroutine────────────────────*/
sy: say; say arg(1); say; return
/*─────────────────────────────────────WINNER subrouting────────────────*/
winner: say
say " ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐"
say " │ │"
say " │ Congratulations, you've guessed it !! │"
say " │ │"
say " └─────────────────────────────────────────┘"
say
exit
</lang>
Ruby
Inspired by Tcl
<lang ruby>def generate_word(len)
([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9].shuffle)[0,len].join("")
end
def get_guess(len)
while true print "Enter a guess: " guess = gets.strip err = case when guess.match(/\D/) : "digits only" when guess.length != len : "exactly #{len} digits" when guess.split("").uniq.length != len: "digits must be unique " else nil end break if err.nil? puts "the word must be #{len} unique digits between 1 and 9 (#{err}). Try again." end guess
end
def score(word, guess)
bulls = cows = 0 guess.bytes.each_with_index do |byte, idx| if word[idx] == byte bulls += 1 elsif word.include? byte cows += 1 end end [bulls, cows]
end
srand word_length = 4 puts "I have chosen a number with #{word_length} unique digits from 1 to 9." word = generate_word(word_length) count = 0 while true
guess = get_guess(word_length) count += 1 break if word == guess puts "that guess has %d bulls and %d cows" % score(word, guess)
end puts "you guessed correctly in #{count} tries."</lang>
Scala
<lang scala>import scala.util.Random
object BullCow {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { val number=chooseNumber var guessed=false var guesses=0
while(!guessed){ Console.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ") val input=Console.readInt val digits=input.toString.map(_.asDigit).toList if(input>=1111 && input<=9999 && !hasDups(digits)){ guesses+=1 var bulls, cows=0 for(i <- 0 to 3) if(number(i)==digits(i)) bulls+=1 else if(number.contains(digits(i))) cows+=1
if(bulls==4) guessed=true else println("%d Cows and %d Bulls.".format(cows, bulls)) } } println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!"); }
def chooseNumber={ var digits=List[Int]() while(digits.size<4){ val d=Random.nextInt(9)+1 if (!digits.contains(d)) digits=digits:+d } digits }
def hasDups(input:List[Int])=input.size!=input.distinct.size
}</lang>
Scheme
<lang scheme>
- generate a random non-repeating list of 4 digits, 1-9 inclusive
(define (get-num)
(define (gen lst) (if (= (length lst) 4) lst (let ((digit (+ (random 9) 1))) (if (member digit lst) ;make sure the new digit isn't in the ;list (gen lst) (gen (cons digit lst)))))) (string->list (apply string-append (map number->string (gen '())))))
- is g a valid guess (that is, non-repeating, four digits 1-9
- inclusive?)
(define (valid-guess? g)
(let ((g-num (string->number (apply string g)))) ;does the same digit appear twice in lst? (define (repeats? lst) (cond ((null? lst) #f) ((member (car lst) (cdr lst)) #t) (else (repeats? (cdr lst))))) (and g-num (> g-num 1233) (< g-num 9877) (not (repeats? g)))))
- return '(cows bulls) for the given guess
(define (score answer guess)
;total cows + bulls (define (cows&bulls a g) (cond ((null? a) 0) ((member (car a) g) (+ 1 (cows&bulls (cdr a) g))) (else (cows&bulls (cdr a) g)))) ;bulls only (define (bulls a g) (cond ((null? a) 0) ((equal? (car a) (car g)) (+ 1 (bulls (cdr a) (cdr g)))) (else (bulls (cdr a) (cdr g))))) (list (- (cows&bulls answer guess) (bulls answer guess)) (bulls answer guess)))
- play the game
(define (bull-cow answer)
;get the user's guess as a list (define (get-guess) (let ((e (read))) (if (number? e) (string->list (number->string e)) (string->list (symbol->string e))))) (display "Enter a guess: ") (let ((guess (get-guess))) (if (valid-guess? guess) (let ((bulls (cadr (score answer guess))) (cows (car (score answer guess)))) (if (= bulls 4) (display "You win!\n") (begin (display bulls) (display " bulls, ") (display cows) (display " cows.\n") (bull-cow answer)))) (begin (display "Invalid guess.\n") (bull-cow answer)))))
(bull-cow (get-num)) </lang>
Sample game play
Enter a guess: 1234 0 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2345 1 bulls, 0 cows. Enter a guess: 2346 1 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2367 0 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2647 1 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2648 2 bulls, 1 cows. Enter a guess: 2468 1 bulls, 2 cows. Enter a guess: 1468 1 bulls, 2 cows. Enter a guess: 2684 0 bulls, 3 cows. Enter a guess: 6248 3 bulls, 0 cows. Enter a guess: 6948 You win!
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>Object subclass: BullsCows [
|number| BullsCows class >> new: secretNum [ |i| i := self basicNew. (self isValid: secretNum) ifFalse: [ SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument signalOn: secretNum reason: 'You need 4 unique digits from 1 to 9' ]. i setNumber: secretNum. ^ i ] BullsCows class >> new [ |b| b := Set new. [ b size < 4 ] whileTrue: [ b add: ((Random between: 1 and: 9) displayString first) ]. ^ self new: (b asString) ] BullsCows class >> isValid: num [ ^ (num asSet size = 4) & ((num asSet includes: $0) not) ] setNumber: num [ number := num ] check: guess [ |bc| bc := Bag new. 1 to: 4 do: [ :i | (number at: i) = (guess at: i) ifTrue: [ bc add: 'bulls' ] ifFalse: [ (number includes: (guess at: i)) ifTrue: [ bc add: 'cows' ] ] ]. ^ bc ]
].
'Guess the 4-digits number (digits from 1 to 9, no repetition)' displayNl.
|guessMe d r tries| [
tries := 0. guessMe := BullsCows new. [ [ 'Write 4 digits: ' display. d := stdin nextLine. (BullsCows isValid: d) ] whileFalse: [ 'Insert 4 digits, no repetition, exclude the digit 0' displayNl ]. r := guessMe check: d. tries := tries + 1. (r occurrencesOf: 'bulls') = 4 ] whileFalse: [ ('%1 cows, %2 bulls' % { r occurrencesOf: 'cows'. r occurrencesOf: 'bulls' }) displayNl. ]. ('Good, you guessed it in %1 tries!' % { tries }) displayNl. 'Do you want to play again? [y/n]' display. ( (stdin nextLine) = 'y' )
] whileTrue: [ Character nl displayNl ].</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>proc main {} {
fconfigure stdout -buffering none set length 4 puts "I have chosen a number from $length unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a $length digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
" while true { set word [generateWord $length] set count 1 while {[set guess [getGuess $length]] ne $word} { printScore $length $word $guess incr count } puts "You guessed correctly in $count tries." if {[yn "Play again?"] eq "n"} break }
}
proc generateWord {length} {
set chars 123456789 for {set i 1} {$i <= $length} {incr i} { set idx [expr {int(rand() * [string length $chars])}] append word [string index $chars $idx] set chars [string replace $chars $idx $idx] } return $word
# here's another way to generate word with no duplications set word "" while {[string length $word] < $length} { set char [expr {int(1 + 9*rand())}] if {[string first $char $word] == -1} { append word $char } }
}
proc getGuess {length} {
puts -nonewline "Enter your guess: " while true { gets stdin guess if {[string match [string repeat {[1-9]} $length] $guess]} { return $guess } if {[string tolower [string trim $guess]] eq "quit"} { puts Bye exit } puts "The word must be $length digits between 1 and 9 inclusive. Try again." }
}
proc printScore {length word guess} {
set bulls 0 set cows 0 for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} { if {[string index $word $i] eq [string index $guess $i]} { incr bulls set word [string replace $word $i $i +] } } puts " $bulls bulls" for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} { if {[set j [string first [string index $guess $i] $word]] != -1} { incr cows set word [string replace $word $j $j -] } } puts " $cows cows"
}
proc yn {msg} {
while true { puts -nonewline "$msg \[y/n] " gets stdin ans set char [string tolower [string index [string trim $ans] 0]] if {$char eq "y" || $char eq "n"} { return $char } }
}
main</lang>
UNIX Shell
<lang bash>#!/bin/bash
rand() {
local min=${1:-0} local max=${2:-32767}
[ ${min} -gt ${max} ] && min=$(( min ^ max )) && max=$(( min ^ max )) && min=$(( min ^ max ))
echo -n $(( ( $RANDOM % $max ) + $min ))
}
in_arr() {
local quandry="${1}" shift local arr=( $@ ) local i=
for i in ${arr[*]} do [ "${quandry}" == "${i}" ] && return 0 && break done
return 1
}
delete_at() {
local idx="$(( $1 + 1 ))" shift local arr=( "sentinel" $@ )
echo -n "${arr[@]:1:$(( idx - 1 ))} ${arr[@]:$((idx + 1)):$(( ${#arr[@]} - idx - 1))}"
}
delete_first() {
local meanie="${1}" shift local arr=( $@ ) local i=0
for (( i = 0; i < ${#arr[@]} ; i++ )) do [ "${arr[${i}]}" == "${meanie}" ] && arr=( $( delete_at ${i} ${arr[*]} ) ) done
echo -n "${arr[*]}"
}
to_arr() {
local string="${1}" local arr=()
while [ "${#string}" -gt 0 ] do arr=( ${arr[*]} ${string:0:1} ) string="${string:1}" done
echo -n "${arr[*]}"
}
choose_idx() {
local arr=( $@ ) echo -n "$( rand 0 $(( ${#arr[@]} - 1 )) )"
}
locate_bulls() {
local secret=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) ) local guess=( $( to_arr "${2}" ) ) local hits=() local i=0
for (( i=0; i<4; i++ )) do [ "${secret[${i}]}" -eq "${guess[${i}]}" ] && hits=( ${hits[*]} ${i} ) done
echo -n "${hits[*]}"
}
bulls() {
local secret="${1}" local guess="${2}" local bulls=( $( locate_bulls "${secret}" "${guess}" ) )
echo -n "${#bulls[@]}"
}
cows() {
local secret=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) ) local guess=( $( to_arr "${2}" ) ) local bulls=( $( locate_bulls "${1}" "${2}" ) ) local hits=0 local i=
# Avoid double-counting bulls for i in ${bulls[*]} do secret=( $( delete_at ${i} ${secret[*]} ) ) done # Process the guess against what's left of the secret for i in ${guess[*]} do in_arr "${i}" ${secret[*]} && secret=( $( delete_first "${i}" ${secret[*]} ) ) && (( hits++ )) done
echo -n ${hits}
}
malformed() {
local guess=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) ) local i=
[ ${#guess[@]} -ne 4 ] && return 0
for i in ${guess[*]} do if ! in_arr ${i} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 then return 0 break fi done
return 1
}
candidates=( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ) secret=
while [ "${#secret}" -lt 4 ] do
cidx=$( choose_idx ${candidates[*]} ) secret="${secret}${candidates[${cidx}]}" candidates=( $(delete_at ${cidx} ${candidates[*]} ) )
done
while read -p "Enter a four-digit guess: " guess do
malformed "${guess}" && echo "Malformed guess" && continue [ "${guess}" == "${secret}" ] && echo "You win!" && exit echo "Score: $( bulls "${secret}" "${guess}" ) Bulls, $( cows "${secret}" "${guess}" ) Cows"
done</lang>
Vedit macro language
<lang vedit>Buf_Switch(Buf_Free)
- 90 = Time_Tick // seed for random number generator
- 91 = 10 // random numbers in range 0 to 9
while (EOB_pos < 4) { // 4 digits needed
Call("RANDOM") BOF Ins_Char(Return_Value + '0') Replace("(.)(.*)\1", "\1\2", REGEXP+BEGIN+NOERR) // remove any duplicate
}
- 3 = 0
repeat (99) {
Get_Input(10, "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ", NOCR) if (Reg_Size(10) == 0) { Break } // empty string = exit Num_Eval_Reg(10) // check for numeric digits if (Chars_Matched != 4) { M("You should enter 4 numeric digits\n") Continue }
Goto_Pos(4) // count bulls Reg_Ins(10, OVERWRITE) #1 = Search("(.)...\1", REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR)
RS(10, "[", INSERT) // count cows RS(10, "]", APPEND) #2 = Search_Block(@10, 0, 4, REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR) - #1
#3++ NT(#1, NOCR) M(" bulls,") NT(#2, NOCR) M(" cows\n") if (#1 == 4) { M("You won after") NT(#3, NOCR) M(" guesses!\n") Break }
} Buf_Quit(OK) Return
//-------------------------------------------------------------- // Generate random numbers in range 0 <= Return_Value < #91 // #90 = Seed (0 to 0x7fffffff) // #91 = Scaling (0 to 0x10000)
- RANDOM:
- 92 = 0x7fffffff / 48271
- 93 = 0x7fffffff % 48271
- 90 = (48271 * (#90 % #92) - #93 * (#90 / #92)) & 0x7fffffff
Return ((#90 & 0xffff) * #91 / 0x10000)</lang>
Visual Basic .NET
<lang vbnet>Imports System Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions
Module Bulls_and_Cows
Function CreateNumber() As String Dim random As New Random() Dim sequence As Char() = {"1"c, "2"c, "3"c, "4"c, "5"c, "6"c, "7"c, "8"c, "9"c}
For i As Integer = 0 To sequence.Length - 1 Dim j As Integer = random.Next(sequence.Length) Dim temp As Char = sequence(i) : sequence(i) = sequence(j) : sequence(j) = temp Next
Return New String(sequence, 0, 4) End Function
Function IsFourDigitNumber(ByVal number As String) As Boolean Return Regex.IsMatch(number, "^[1-9]{4}$") End Function
Sub Main() Dim chosenNumber As String = CreateNumber() Dim attempt As Integer = 0 Console.WriteLine("Number is chosen") Dim gameOver As Boolean = False Do attempt += 1 Console.WriteLine("Attempt #{0}. Enter four digit number: ", attempt) Dim number As String = Console.ReadLine() Do While Not IsFourDigitNumber(number) Console.WriteLine("Invalid number: type four characters. Every character must digit be between '1' and '9'.") number = Console.ReadLine() Loop
Dim bulls As Integer = 0 Dim cows As Integer = 0
For i As Integer = 0 To number.Length - 1 Dim j As Integer = chosenNumber.IndexOf(number(i)) If i = j Then bulls += 1 ElseIf j >= 0 Then cows += 1 End If Next
If bulls < chosenNumber.Length Then Console.WriteLine("The number '{0}' has {1} bulls and {2} cows", _ number, bulls, cows) Else gameOver = True End If Loop Until gameOver Console.WriteLine("The number was guessed in {0} attempts. Congratulations!", attempt) End Sub
End Module</lang>