Base64 encode data
Convert an array of bytes or binary string to the base64-encoding of that string and output that value. Use the icon for Rosetta Code as the data to convert.
C
libresolv
(libresolv is included on most Unix-like systems)
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <resolv.h>
- include <fcntl.h>
- include <unistd.h>
- include <sys/types.h>
- include <sys/stat.h>
- include <sys/mman.h>
int main() {
int fin = open("favicon.ico", O_RDONLY);
if (fin == -1)
return 1;
struct stat st; if (fstat(fin, &st)) return 1;
void *bi = mmap(0, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fin, 0); if (bi == MAP_FAILED) return 1;
int outLength = ((st.st_size + 2) / 3) * 4 + 1; char *outBuffer = malloc(outLength); if (outBuffer == NULL) return 1;
int encodedLength = b64_ntop(bi, st.st_size, outBuffer, outLength); if (encodedLength < 0) return 1;
puts(outBuffer);
free(outBuffer); munmap(bi, st.st_size); close(fin);
return 0;
}</lang> Compile with
gcc -lresolv -o base64encode base64encode.c
D
<lang d>void main() {
import std.stdio, std.base64, std.net.curl, std.string;
const f = "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico".get.representation; Base64.encode(f).writeln;
}</lang>
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAwqgIAADCjgUAACgAAAAQAAAAIAA... AAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQ==
JavaScript
<lang JavaScript>(function(){//ECMAScript doesn't have an internal base64 function or method, so we have to do it ourselves, isn't that exciting?
function stringToArrayUnicode(str){for(var i=0,l=str.length,n=[];i<l;i++)n.push(str.charCodeAt(i));return n;}
function generateOnesByLength(n){//Attempts to generate a binary number full of ones given a length.. they don't redefine each other that much.
var x=0;
for(var i=0;i<n;i++){
x<<=1;x|=1;//I don't know if this is performant faster than Math.pow but seriously I don't think I'll need Math.pow, do I?
}
return x;
}
function paf(_offset,_offsetlength,_number){//I don't have any name for this function at ALL, but I will explain what it does, it takes an offset, a number and returns the base64 number and the offset of the next number.
//the next function will be used to extract the offset of the number..
var a=6-_offsetlength,b=8-a;//Oh god, 8 is HARDCODED! Because 8 is the number of bits in a byte!!!
//And 6 is the mini-byte used by wikipedia base64 article... at least on 2013.
//I imagine this code being read in 2432 or something, that probably won't happen..
return [_number&generateOnesByLength(b),b,(_offset<<a)|(_number>>b)];//offset & offsetlength & number
}
function toBase64(uint8array){//of bits, each value may not have more than 255 bits... //a normal "array" should work fine too..
//From 0x29 to 0x5a plus from 0x61 to 0x7A AND from 0x30 to 0x39
//Will not report errors if an array index has a value bigger than 255.. it will likely fail.
var a=[],i,output=[];
for(i=0x41;i<=0x5a;i++){//A-Z
a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
for(i=0x61;i<=0x7A;i++){//a-z
a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
for(i=0x30;i<=0x39;i++){//0-9
a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
a.push('+','/');
var offset=0,offsetLength=0,x;
for(var i=0,l=uint8array.length;i<l;i++){
if(offsetLength==6){//if offsetlength is 6 that means that a whole offset is occupying the space of a byte, can you believe it.
offsetLength=0;
output.push(a[offset]);
offset=0;
i--;
continue;
}
x=paf(offset,offsetLength,uint8array[i]);
offset=x[0];
offsetLength=x[1];
output.push(a[x[2]]);
}
if(offsetLength){
if(offsetLength==6){
output.push(a[offset]);
}else{
var y=(6-offsetLength)/2;
x=paf(offset,offsetLength,0);
offset=x[0];
output.push(a[x[2]]);
switch (y){
case 2:output.push('=');//This thingy right here, you know.. the offsets also, no break statement;
case 1:output.push('=');break;
}
}
}
return output.join();//You can change it so the result is an array instead!!!!
}
//Usage
return toBase64(stringToArrayUnicode("Nothing seems hard to the people who don't know what they're talking about."))
}())</lang>
Using btoa (HTML5)
Works with IE10 or higher.
HTML5 saves the day! introducing two methods to the DOM!
These are btoa and atob, see spec
<lang JavaScript>window.btoa("String to encode, etc..");//Will throw error if any unicode character is larger than 255 it's counterpart it's the window.atob</lang>To make it.. just work, you could convert it to UTF-8 Manually or..
JSON.stringify it or..
encodeURIComponent it.
Using Node.js
<lang JavaScript>var http = require('http'); var options = {
host: 'rosettacode.org', path: '/favicon.ico'
}; callback = function(response) {
var str = ;
response.on('data', function (chunk) {
str += chunk;
});
response.on('end', function () {
console.log(new Buffer(str).toString('base64'));//Base64 encoding right here.
});
} </lang>
Lasso
<lang Lasso >local( src = curl('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico'), srcdata = #src->result )
- srcdata->encodebase64
// or, in one movement: curl('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico')->result->encodebase64</lang>
PHP
<lang php><?php echo base64_encode(file_get_contents("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"));/*1 liner*/ ?></lang>
Python
<lang python>import urllib import base64
data = urllib.urlopen('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico').read() print base64.b64encode(data)</lang> (For me this gets the wrong data; the data is actually an error message. But still, it base-64 encodes it.)
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket
(require net/url net/base64) (base64-encode (call/input-url (string->url "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")
get-pure-port port->bytes))
</lang> Output: <lang racket>
- "AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAA...AQAAAAE=\r\n"
</lang>
REXX
<lang rexx>/*REXX program converts text (from a file or CL) to a base64 text string*/ parse arg iFID @ /*get optional arguments. */ if iFID== then iFID='favicon.ico' /*use the default input file. */ chunk=10000 /*amount of bytes to read a file.*/ if @= then /* [↓] read the input file ──►@ */
do s=1 by chunk until y==; y=charin(iFID,s,chunk); @=@||y; end
t=base64(@) say center(' input', 79, '─'); say @ /*show header & the input text.*/ say center('base64', 79, '─'); say t /* " " " " base64 " */ exit /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/ /*──────────────────────────────────BASE64 subroutine───────────────────*/ base64: procedure; parse arg x; $= /*get the input string, nullify $*/ z='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
do i=0 for 64; !.i=substr(z,i+1,1); end /*assign base64 array*/
L=length(x)*8 /*save length of b for later.*/ b=x2b(c2x(x))0000000000000000 /*X──►binary, add some 0 padding.*/
do j=1 by 6 to L /*traipse through the bit string.*/
_=x2d( b2x( substr(b, j, 6) )) /*compute index into BASE64 table*/
$=$ || !._ /*append this to $ (the output).*/
end /*j*/
return $||copies('=', 2*(L//6==2)+(L//6==4)) /*maybe append equal signs*/</lang>
For the various outputs, serveral input texts from the Wikipedia article on Base64 [1] were used to demonstrate how padding works.
output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasure.
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleasure. ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZS4=
output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasure
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleasure ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZQ==
output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasur
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleasur ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3Vy
output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasu
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleasu ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3U=
output when using the input of: , any carnal pleas
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleas ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhcw==
Ruby
<lang ruby>require 'open-uri' require 'base64'
puts Base64.encode64 open('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico') {|f| f.read}</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.6 package require http
set tok [http::geturl http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico] set icondata [http::data $tok] http::cleanup $tok
puts [binary encode base64 -maxlen 64 $icondata]</lang> With older versions of Tcl, the base64 encoding is best supported via an external package:
<lang tcl>package require base64 package require http
set tok [http::geturl http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico] set icondata [http::data $tok] http::cleanup $tok
puts [base64::encode -maxlen 64 $icondata]</lang>