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=={{header|Java}}==
=={{header|Java}}==
Code ported from C solution. Can also use org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64 from Apache Commons Codec
{{Novice_example|Java}}Code ported from C solution. Can also use org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64 from Apache Commons Codec
<lang Java>
<lang Java>
package org.rosettacode;
package org.rosettacode;

Revision as of 06:21, 19 August 2014

Base64 encode data is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.

Convert an array of bytes or binary string to the base64-encoding of that string and output that value. Use the icon for Rosetta Code as the data to convert.

C

libresolv

Library: libresolv

(libresolv is included on most Unix-like systems)

<lang c>#include <stdio.h>

  1. include <stdlib.h>
  2. include <resolv.h>
  3. include <fcntl.h>
  4. include <unistd.h>
  5. include <sys/types.h>
  6. include <sys/stat.h>
  7. include <sys/mman.h>

int main() { 

 int fin = open("favicon.ico",  O_RDONLY);
 if (fin == -1)
   return 1;

 struct stat st;
 if (fstat(fin, &st))
   return 1;

 void *bi = mmap(0, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fin,  0);
 if (bi == MAP_FAILED)
   return 1;

 int outLength = ((st.st_size + 2) / 3) * 4 + 1;
 char *outBuffer = malloc(outLength);
 if (outBuffer == NULL)
   return 1;

 int encodedLength = b64_ntop(bi, st.st_size, outBuffer, outLength);
 if (encodedLength < 0)
   return 1;

 puts(outBuffer);

 free(outBuffer);
 munmap(bi, st.st_size);
 close(fin);

 return 0;

}</lang> Compile with 

gcc -lresolv -o base64encode base64encode.c

Manual implementation

The following reads standard input and writes base64-encoded stream to standard output, e.g. ./a.out <some_random_file >/dev/null if you don't want to see the output. It gives identical output as the common base64 utility program, though much less efficiently. <lang c>#include <stdio.h>

  1. include <unistd.h>

typedef unsigned long UL;

int main(void) { const char *alpha = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" "0123456789+/"; unsigned char c[4]; UL u, len, w = 0;

do { c[1] = c[2] = 0;

if (!(len = read(fileno(stdin), c, 3))) break; u = (UL)c[0]<<16 | (UL)c[1]<<8 | (UL)c[2];

putchar(alpha[u>>18]); putchar(alpha[u>>12 & 63]); putchar(len < 2 ? '=' : alpha[u>>6 & 63]); putchar(len < 3 ? '=' : alpha[u & 63]);

if (++w == 19) w = 0, putchar('\n'); } while (len == 3);

if (w) putchar('\n');

return 0; }</lang>

D

<lang d>void main() { 

   import std.stdio, std.base64, std.net.curl, std.string;

   const f = "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico".get.representation;
   Base64.encode(f).writeln;

}</lang>

Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAwqgIAADCjgUAACgAAAAQAAAAIAA...
AAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQ==


Delphi

<lang delphi>program Base64EncodeData; {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} uses IdHTTP, IdCoderMIME;

var 

 lSrcString: string;
 lHTTP: TIdHTTP;

begin 

 lHTTP := TIdHTTP.Create(nil);
 try
   lSrcString := lHTTP.Get('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico');
   Writeln(TIdEncoderMIME.EncodeString(lSrcString));
 finally
   lHTTP.Free;
 end;

end.</lang>

Erlang

<lang erlang>-module(base64demo). -export([main/0]).

main() -> 

   {ok, Data} = file:read_file("favicon.ico"),
   Encoded = encode_library(Data),
   io:format("~s",[Encoded]).

%% Demonstrating with the library function. encode_library(Data) -> 

   base64:encode(Data).</lang>
Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4F...AAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=

Go

<lang Go>package main

import ( 

   "encoding/base64"
   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "net/http"

)

func main() { 

   r, err := http.Get("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")
   if err != nil {
       fmt.Println(err)
       return
   }
   defer r.Body.Close()
   d, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
   if err != nil {
       fmt.Println(err)
       return
   }
   fmt.Println(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(d))

}</lang>

J

Solution (standard library):<lang j> load'convert/misc' NB. use 'tobase64'</lang> Solution (handrolled):<lang j> tobase64 =: padB64~ b2B64 

    padB64 =:  , '=' #~ 0 2 1 i. 3 | #
    b2B64  =:  BASE64 {~ _6 #.\ (8#2) ,@:#: a.&i.</lang>

Example:<lang j> load'web/gethttp' 

  76 {. tobase64 gethttp 'http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico'

AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA</lang>

Java

This example was written by a novice in Java. If you are familiar with Java, please review and edit this example and remove this message. If the example does not work and you cannot fix it, replace this message with {{incorrect|Java|description of problem as you see it}}. If the code is correct but unidiomatic and you cannot fix it, replace this message with {{improve|Java|description of how it should be improved}}.

Code ported from C solution. Can also use org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64 from Apache Commons Codec <lang Java> package org.rosettacode;

import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream;

public class Base64 { 

   static String base64 (final InputStream is) throws IOException
   {
       final char[] alpha = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y',
               'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0',
               '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/' };
       final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
       final byte c[] = new byte[4];
       long u;
       int len;
       int w = 0;

       do
       {
           c[1] = c[2] = 0;

           if ( (len = is.read (c, 0, 3)) == 0)
               break;
           u = ( ((long) c[0]) << 16) | ( ((long) c[1]) << 8) | c[2];

           sb.append (alpha[(int) ( (u >> 18) & 63)]);
           sb.append (alpha[(int) ( (u >> 12) & 63)]);
           sb.append (len < 2 ? '=' : alpha[(int) (u >> 6) & 63]);
           sb.append (len < 3 ? '=' : alpha[(int) u & 63]);

           if (++w == 19)
           {
               w = 0;
               sb.append ('\n');
           }
       }
       while (len == 3);

       if (w > 0)
           sb.append ('\n');

       return sb.toString ();
   }
   public static void main (final String[] args)
   {
       // Seems like this should work, but you'll get a 403 error (Forbidden)
       // try (InputStream is = new URL("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico").openStream ())
       try (InputStream is = Base64.class.getClassLoader ().getResourceAsStream ("favicon.ico"))
       {
           System.out.println (Base64.base64 (is));
       }
       catch (final IOException e)
       {
           e.printStackTrace (System.err);
       }
   }

} </lang>

JavaScript

<lang JavaScript>(function(){//ECMAScript doesn't have an internal base64 function or method, so we have to do it ourselves, isn't that exciting? 

   function stringToArrayUnicode(str){for(var i=0,l=str.length,n=[];i<l;i++)n.push(str.charCodeAt(i));return n;}
   function generateOnesByLength(n){//Attempts to generate a binary number full of ones given a length.. they don't redefine each other that much.
       var x=0;
       for(var i=0;i<n;i++){
           x<<=1;x|=1;//I don't know if this is performant faster than Math.pow but seriously I don't think I'll need Math.pow, do I?
       }
       return x;
   }
   function paf(_offset,_offsetlength,_number){//I don't have any name for this function at ALL, but I will explain what it does, it takes an offset, a number and returns the base64 number and the offset of the next number.
       //the next function will be used to extract the offset of the number..
       var a=6-_offsetlength,b=8-a;//Oh god, 8 is HARDCODED! Because 8 is the number of bits in a byte!!!
       //And 6 is the mini-byte used by wikipedia base64 article... at least on 2013.
       //I imagine this code being read in 2432 or something, that probably won't happen..
       return [_number&generateOnesByLength(b),b,(_offset<<a)|(_number>>b)];//offset & offsetlength & number 
   }
   function toBase64(uint8array){//of bits, each value may not have more than 255 bits... //a normal "array" should work fine too..
       //From 0x29 to 0x5a plus from 0x61 to 0x7A AND from 0x30 to 0x39
       //Will not report errors if an array index has a value bigger than 255.. it will likely fail.
       var a=[],i,output=[];
       for(i=0x41;i<=0x5a;i++){//A-Z
           a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
       }
       for(i=0x61;i<=0x7A;i++){//a-z
           a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
       }
       for(i=0x30;i<=0x39;i++){//0-9
           a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
       }
       a.push('+','/');
       var offset=0,offsetLength=0,x;
       for(var i=0,l=uint8array.length;i<l;i++){
           if(offsetLength==6){//if offsetlength is 6 that means that a whole offset is occupying the space of a byte, can you believe it.
               offsetLength=0;
               output.push(a[offset]);
               offset=0;
               i--;
               continue;
           }
           x=paf(offset,offsetLength,uint8array[i]);
           offset=x[0];
           offsetLength=x[1];
           output.push(a[x[2]]);
       }
       if(offsetLength){
           if(offsetLength==6){
               output.push(a[offset]);
           }else{
               var y=(6-offsetLength)/2;
               x=paf(offset,offsetLength,0);
               offset=x[0];
               output.push(a[x[2]]);
               switch (y){
                   case 2:output.push('=');//This thingy right here, you know.. the offsets also, no break statement;
                   case 1:output.push('=');break;
               }
           }
       }
       return output.join();//You can change it so the result is an array instead!!!!
   }

   //Usage

   return toBase64(stringToArrayUnicode("Nothing seems hard to the people who don't know what they're talking about."))

}())</lang>

Using btoa (HTML5)

Works with: Gecko
Works with: WebKit

Works with IE10 or higher.
HTML5 saves the day! introducing two methods to the DOM! These are btoa and atob, see spec <lang JavaScript>window.btoa("String to encode, etc..");//Will throw error if any unicode character is larger than 255 it's counterpart it's the window.atob</lang>To make it.. just work, you could convert it to UTF-8 Manually or.. JSON.stringify it or.. encodeURIComponent it.

Using Node.js

Works with: Node.js

<lang JavaScript>var http = require('http'); var options = { 

 host: 'rosettacode.org',
 path: '/favicon.ico'

}; callback = function(response) { 

 var str = ;
 response.on('data', function (chunk) {
   str += chunk;
 });
 response.on('end', function () {
   console.log(new Buffer(str).toString('base64'));//Base64 encoding right here.
 });

} </lang>

Lasso

<lang Lasso >local( src = curl('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico'), srcdata = #src->result )

  1. srcdata->encodebase64

// or, in one movement: curl('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico')->result->encodebase64</lang>

Objective-C

Works with: Mac OS X version 10.6+
Works with: iOS version 4.0+

<lang objc>#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { 

 @autoreleasepool {
   NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"]];
   NSLog(@"%@", [data base64Encoding]);
 }
 return 0;

}</lang>

Perl

<lang perl>#!perl use strict; use warnings; use MIME::Base64; open(my($fh), "<", "favicon.ico") or die; local $/; print encode_base64(<$fh>); </lang>

Output:

The first and last lines of output are: 

AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA
AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=

Perl 6

<lang perl6>sub MAIN { 

   my $buf = slurp("/tmp/favicon.ico", :bin);
   say buf-to-Base64($buf);

}

my @base64map = 'A' .. 'Z', 'a' .. 'z', ^10, '+', '/';

sub buf-to-Base64($buf) { 

   join , gather for $buf.list -> $a, $b = [], $c = [] {
       my $triplet = ($a +< 16) +| ($b +< 8) +| $c;
       take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 3)) +& 0x3F];
       take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 2)) +& 0x3F];
       if $c.elems {
           take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 1)) +& 0x3F];
           take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 0)) +& 0x3F];
       }
       elsif $b.elems {
           take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 1)) +& 0x3F];
           take '=';
       }
       else { take '==' }
   }

}</lang>

Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAA...QAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=

PHP

<lang php><?php echo base64_encode(file_get_contents("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"));/*1 liner*/  ?></lang>

Python

<lang python>import urllib import base64

data = urllib.urlopen('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico').read() print base64.b64encode(data)</lang> (For me this gets the wrong data; the data is actually an error message. But still, it base-64 encodes it.)

Racket

<lang racket>

  1. lang racket

(require net/url net/base64) (base64-encode (call/input-url (string->url "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico") 

                              get-pure-port port->bytes))

</lang> Output: <lang racket>

  1. "AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAA...AQAAAAE=\r\n"

</lang>

REXX

<lang rexx>/*REXX program converts text (from a file or CL) to a base64 text string*/ parse arg iFID @ /*get optional arguments. */ if iFID== then iFID='favicon.ico' /*use the default input file. */ chunk=10000 /*amount of bytes to read a file.*/ if @= then /* [↓] read the input file ──►@ */ 

         do s=1 by chunk until y==; y=charin(iFID,s,chunk); @=@||y; end

t=base64(@) say center(' input', 79, '─'); say @ /*show header & the input text.*/ say center('base64', 79, '─'); say t /* " " " " base64 " */ exit /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/ /*──────────────────────────────────BASE64 subroutine───────────────────*/ base64: procedure; parse arg x; $= /*get the input string, nullify $*/ z='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/' 

    do i=0  for 64;  !.i=substr(z,i+1,1);  end    /*assign base64 array*/

L=length(x)*8 /*save length of b for later.*/ b=x2b(c2x(x))0000000000000000 /*X──►binary, add some 0 padding.*/ 

      do j=1  by 6  to L              /*traipse through the bit string.*/
      _=x2d( b2x( substr(b, j, 6) ))  /*compute index into BASE64 table*/
      $=$ || !._                      /*append this to  $ (the output).*/
      end   /*j*/

return $||copies('=', 2*(L//6==2)+(L//6==4)) /*maybe append equal signs*/</lang> For the various outputs, serveral input texts from the Wikipedia article on Base64   [1]   were used to demonstrate how padding works.

output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasure. 

──────────────────────────────────── input─────────────────────────────────────
any carnal pleasure.
────────────────────────────────────base64─────────────────────────────────────
YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZS4=

output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasure 

──────────────────────────────────── input─────────────────────────────────────
any carnal pleasure
────────────────────────────────────base64─────────────────────────────────────
YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZQ==

output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasur 

──────────────────────────────────── input─────────────────────────────────────
any carnal pleasur
────────────────────────────────────base64─────────────────────────────────────
YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3Vy

output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasu 

──────────────────────────────────── input─────────────────────────────────────
any carnal pleasu
────────────────────────────────────base64─────────────────────────────────────
YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3U=

output when using the input of: , any carnal pleas 

──────────────────────────────────── input─────────────────────────────────────
any carnal pleas
────────────────────────────────────base64─────────────────────────────────────
YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhcw==

Ruby

<lang ruby>require 'open-uri' require 'base64'

puts Base64.encode64 open('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico') {|f| f.read}</lang>

Seed7

<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; 

 include "gethttp.s7i";
 include "encoding.s7i";

const proc: main is func 

 begin
   writeln(toBase64(getHttp("rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")));
 end func;</lang>

Tcl

Works with: Tcl version 8.6

<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.6 package require http

set tok [http::geturl http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico] set icondata [http::data $tok] http::cleanup $tok

puts [binary encode base64 -maxlen 64 $icondata]</lang> With older versions of Tcl, the base64 encoding is best supported via an external package:

Library: Tcllib (Package: base64)

<lang tcl>package require base64 package require http

set tok [http::geturl http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico] set icondata [http::data $tok] http::cleanup $tok

puts [base64::encode -maxlen 64 $icondata]</lang>

zkl

Using shared libraries for cURL and message hashing: <lang zkl>var MsgHash=Import("zklMsgHash"), Curl=Import("zklCurl");

icon:=Curl().get("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"); //-->(Data(4,331),693,0) icon=icon[0][icon[1],*]; // remove header b64:=MsgHash.base64encode(icon); b64.println(); b64.text.println();</lang>

Output:

Encoded to 72 characters per line 

Data(4,920)
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgA
AAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCGiYcARkhHAL/CwAAmKScAam1rAOPm
...
AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAAB
AAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
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