Apply a callback to an array: Difference between revisions
(-> Fortran) |
(→[[Perl]]: syntax highlight) |
||
Line 368: | Line 368: | ||
==[[Perl]]== |
==[[Perl]]== |
||
[[Category:Perl]] |
[[Category:Perl]] |
||
⚫ | |||
<highlightSyntax language=perl> |
|||
⚫ | |||
# create array |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
sub mycallback { |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
return 2 * shift; |
return 2 * shift; |
||
} |
|||
# use array indexing |
|||
my $i; |
|||
for ($i = 0; $i < scalar @a; $i++) { |
|||
print "mycallback($a[$i]) = " |
print "mycallback($a[$i]) = ", mycallback($a[$i]), "\n"; |
||
} |
|||
# using foreach |
|||
foreach my $x (@a) { |
|||
print "mycallback($x) = " |
print "mycallback($x) = ", mycallback($x), "\n"; |
||
} |
|||
# using map (useful for transforming an array) |
|||
my @b = map mycallback($_), @a; # @b is now (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) |
|||
# and the same using an anonymous function |
|||
my @c = map { $_ * 2 } @a; # @c is now (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) |
|||
</highlightSyntax> |
|||
<highlightSyntax language=perl> |
|||
# use a callback stored in a variable |
|||
# use a callback stored in a variable |
|||
my $func = \&mycallback; |
|||
my @d = map &{$func}($_), @a; # @d is now (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) |
|||
</highlightSyntax> |
|||
==[[PHP]]== |
==[[PHP]]== |
Revision as of 03:28, 21 February 2007
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Ada
Tested With:
- Gnat GPL 2005
- Amd-64bit-3500+-WinXP
with Ada.Text_Io; with Ada.Integer_text_IO;
procedure Call_Back_Example is -- Purpose: Apply a callback to an array -- Output: Prints the squares of an integer array to the console -- Define the callback procedure procedure Display(Location : Positive; Value : Integer) is begin Ada.Text_Io.Put("array("); Ada.Integer_Text_Io.Put(Item => Location, Width => 1); Ada.Text_Io.Put(") = "); Ada.Integer_Text_Io.Put(Item => Value * Value, Width => 1); Ada.Text_Io.New_Line; end Display; -- Define an access type matching the signature of the callback procedure type Call_Back_Access is access procedure(L : Positive; V : Integer); -- Define an unconstrained array type type Value_Array is array(Positive range <>) of Integer; -- Define the procedure performing the callback procedure Map(Values : Value_Array; Worker : Call_Back_Access) is begin for I in Values'range loop Worker(I, Values(I)); end loop; end Map; -- Define and initialize the actual array Sample : Value_Array := (5,4,3,2,1); begin Map(Sample, Display'access); end Call_Back_Example;
C
Tested With:
- GCC 3.3.6
- i686-pc-linux-gnu
- GCC 3.4.6
- i686-pc-linux-gnu
- GCC 4.0.3
- i686-pc-linux-gnu
- GCC 4.1.1
- i686-pc-linux-gnu
- powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu
- TCC 0.9.23
- i686-pc-linux-gnu
- ICC 9.1
- i686-pc-linux-gnu
callback.h
#ifndef __CALLBACK_H #define __CALLBACK_H /* * By declaring the function in a separate file, we allow * it to be used by other source files. * * It also stops ICC from complaining. * * If you don't want to use it outside of callback.c, this * file can be removed, provided the static keyword is prepended * to the definition. */ void map(int* array, int len, void(*callback)(int,int)); #endif
callback.c
#include <stdio.h> #include "callback.h" /* * We don't need this function outside of this file, so * we declare it static. */ static void callbackFunction(int location, int value) { printf("array[%d] = %d\n", location, value); } void map(int* array, int len, void(*callback)(int,int)) { int i; for(i = 0; i < len; i++) { callback(i, array[i]); } } int main() { int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; map(array, 4, callbackFunction); return 0; }
Output
array[0] = 1 array[1] = 2 array[2] = 3 array[3] = 4
C#
Platform: .NET
Language Version: 2.0+
Compiler: Visual C# 2005
using System; static class Program { // Purpose: Apply a callback (or anonymous method) to an Array // Output: Prints the squares of an int array to the console. // Compiler: Visual Studio 2005 // Framework: .net 2 [STAThread] public static void Main() { int[] intArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // Using a callback, Console.WriteLine("Printing squares using a callback:"); Array.ForEach<int>(intArray, PrintSquare); // or using an anonymous method: Console.WriteLine("Printing squares using an anonymous method:"); Array.ForEach<int> ( intArray, delegate(int value) { Console.WriteLine(value * value); }); } public static void PrintSquare(int value) { Console.WriteLine(value * value); } }
C++
Compiler: GNU Compiler Collection 4.1.1
Using c-style array
#include <iostream> //cout for printing #include <algorithm> //for_each defined here //create the function (print the square) void print_square(int i) { std::cout << i*i << " "; } int main() { //create the array int ary[]={1,2,3,4,5}; //stl for_each std::for_each(ary,ary+5,print_square); return 0; } //prints 1 4 9 16 25
#include <iostream> //cout for printing #include <algorithm> //for_each defined here #include <vector> //stl vector class //create the function (print the square) void print_square(int i) { std::cout << i*i << " "; } int main() { //create the array std::vector<int> ary; ary.push_back(1); ary.push_back(2); ary.push_back(3); ary.push_back(4); ary.push_back(5); //stl for_each std::for_each(ary.begin(),ary.end(),print_square); return 0; } //prints 1 4 9 16 25
More tricky with binary function
#include <iostream> //cout for printing #include <algorithm> //for_each defined here #include <vector> //stl vector class #include <functional> //bind and ptr_fun //create a binary function (print any two arguments together) template<class type1,class type2> void print_juxtaposed(type1 x, type2 y) { std::cout << x << y; } int main() { //create the array std::vector<int> ary; ary.push_back(1); ary.push_back(2); ary.push_back(3); ary.push_back(4); ary.push_back(5); //stl for_each, using binder and adaptable unary function std::for_each(ary.begin(),ary.end(),std::bind2nd(std::ptr_fun(print_juxtaposed<int,std::string>),"x ")); return 0; } //prints 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x
Using Boost.Lambda
using namespace std; using namespace boost::lambda; vector<int> ary(10); int i = 0; for_each(ary.begin(), ary.end(), _1 = ++var(i)); // init array transform(ary.begin(), ary.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "), _1 * _1); // square and output
Common Lisp
Imperative: print 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5:
(map nil #'print #(1 2 3 4 5))
Functional: collect squares into new vector that is returned:
(defun square (x) (* x x)) (map 'vector #'square #(1 2 3 4 5))
Destructive, like the Javascript example; add 1 to every slot of vector *a*:
(defvar *a* (vector 1 2 3)) (map-into *a* #'1+ *a*)
Forth
This is a word that will call a given function on each cell in an array.
: map ( addr n fn -- ) -rot cells bounds do i @ over execute i ! cell +loop ;
Example usage:
create data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , data 5 ' 1+ map \ adds one to each element of data
Fortran
program test C C-- Declare array: integer a(5) C C-- Fill it with Data data a /45,22,67,87,98/ C C-- Do something with all elements (in this case: print their squares) do i=1,5 print *,a(i)*a(i) end do C end
FP
Interpreter : "fp"
{square * . [id, id]} & square: <1,2,3,4,5>
Haskell
Interpreter : GHCi
Compiler : GHC
let square x = x*x let values = [1..10] map square values
Using list comprehension to generate a list of the squared values
[square x | x <- values]
Using function composition to create a function that will print the squares of a list
let printSquares = putStr.unlines.map (show.square) printSquares values
IDL
Hard to come up with an example that isn't completely contrived. IDL doesn't really distinguish between a scalar and an array; thus
b = a^3
will yield a scalar if a is scalar or a vector if a is a vector or an n-dimensional array is a is an n-dimensional array
JavaScript
Portable technique:
function map(a, func) { for (var i in a) a[i] = func(a[i]); } var a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; map(a, function(v) { return v * v; });
With the BeyondJS library:
var a = (1).to(10).collect(Math.pow.curry(undefined,2));
With Firefox 2.0:
function cube(num) { return Math.pow(num, 3); } var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; //get results of calling cube on every element var cubes1 = numbers.map(cube); //display each result in a separate dialog cubes1.forEach(alert); //array comprehension var cubes2 = [cube(n) for each (n in numbers)]; var cubes3 = [n * n * n for each (n in numbers)];
OCaml
This function is part of the standard library:
Array.map
Usage example:
let square x = x * x;; let values = Array.init 10 ((+) 1);; Array.map square values;;
Perl
<highlightSyntax language=perl>
- create array
my @a = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
- create callback function
sub mycallback {
return 2 * shift;
}
- use array indexing
my $i; for ($i = 0; $i < scalar @a; $i++) {
print "mycallback($a[$i]) = ", mycallback($a[$i]), "\n";
}
- using foreach
foreach my $x (@a) {
print "mycallback($x) = ", mycallback($x), "\n";
}
- using map (useful for transforming an array)
my @b = map mycallback($_), @a; # @b is now (2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
- and the same using an anonymous function
my @c = map { $_ * 2 } @a; # @c is now (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) </highlightSyntax>
<highlightSyntax language=perl>
- use a callback stored in a variable
my $func = \&mycallback; my @d = map &{$func}($_), @a; # @d is now (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) </highlightSyntax>
PHP
function cube($n) { return($n * $n * $n); } $a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); $b = array_map("cube", $a); print_r($b);
PL/SQL
Interpreter : Oracle compiler
set serveroutput on declare type myarray is table of number index by binary_integer; x myarray; i pls_integer; begin -- populate array for i in 1..5 loop x(i) := i; end loop; i :=0; -- square array loop i := i + 1; begin x(i) := x(i)*x(i); dbms_output.put_line(x(i)); exception when no_data_found then exit; end; end loop; end; /
Python
def square(n): return n * n numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7] squares1 = [square(n) for n in numbers] # list comprehension squares2 = map(square, numbers) # discouraged nowadays squares3 = [n * n for n in numbers] # no need for a function, # anonymous or otherwise isquares = (n * n for n in numbers) # iterator, lazy
Ruby
# You could use a traditional "for i in arr" approach like below: for i in [1,2,3,4,5] do puts i**2 end
# Or you could the more preferred ruby way of an iterator (which is borrowed from SmallTalk) [1,2,3,4,5].each{ |i| puts i**2 }
# To create a new array of each value squared [1,2,3,4,5].map{ |i| i**2 }
Scala
val l = List(1,2,3,4) l.foreach {i => Console.println(i)}
Same for an array
val a = Array(1,2,3,4) a.foreach {i => Console.println(i)}
// Or for an externally defined function def doSomething(in: int) = {Console.println("Doing something with "+in)} l.foreach(doSomething)
There is also a for syntax, which is internally rewritten to call foreach. A foreach method must be define on a
for(val i <- a) Console.println(i)
It is also possible to apply a function on each item of an list to get a new list (same on array and most collections)
val squares = l.map{i => i * i} //returns List(1,4,9,16)
Or the equivalent for syntax, with the additional keyword yield, map is called instead of foreach
val squares = for (val i <- l) yield i * i
Scheme
(define (square n) (* n n)) (define x '(1 2 3 4 5)) (map square x)
Please fix: '(1 2 3 4 5) is a list, not a vector
A single-line variation
(map (lambda (n) (* n n)) '(1 2 3 4 5))
For completeness, the map function (which is R5RS standard) can be coded as follows:
(define (map f L) (if (null? L) L (cons (f (car L)) (map f (cdr L)))))
Smalltalk
| anArray | anArray = #( 1 2 3 4 5 ) anArray do: [ :x | Transcript nextPut: x * x ]
Tcl
If I wanted to call "myfunc" on each element of dat and dat were a list:
foreach var $dat { myfunc $var }
if dat were an array, however:
foreach var [array names dat] { myfunc $dat($var) }