Exponentiation with infix operators in (or operating on) the base

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Revision as of 18:01, 3 November 2020 by Thundergnat (talk | contribs) (→‎{{header|Raku}}: Add another parenthesis grouping)
Exponentiation with infix operators in (or operating on) the base is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.

(Many programming languages,   especially those with extended─precision integer arithmetic,   usually support one of **, ^, or some such for exponentiation.)


Some languages treat/honor infix operators when performing exponentiation   (raising numbers to some power by the language's exponentiation operator,   if the computer programming language has one).


Other programming languages may make use of the   POW   or some other BIF   (Built─In Ffunction),   or some other library service.

If your language's exponentiation operator is not one of the usual ones, please comment on how to recognize it.


This task will deal with the case where there is some form of an   infix operator   operating in   (or operating on)   the base.


Example

A negative five raised to the 3rd power could be specified as:

   -5  ** 3          or as
  -(5) ** 3          or as
  (-5) ** 3          or as something else


(Not all computer programming languages have an exponential operator and/or support these syntax expression(s).


Task
  •   compute and display exponentiation with a possible infix operator, whether specified and/or implied/inferred.
  •   Raise the following numbers   (integer or real):
  •   -5     and
  •   +5
  •   to the following powers:
  •   2nd     and
  •   3rd
  •   using the following expressions   (if applicable in your language):
  •   -x**p
  •   -(x)**p
  •   (-x)**p
  •   -(x**p)
  •   Show here (on this page) the four (or more) types of symbolic expressions for each number and power.


Try to present the results in the same format/manner as the other programming entries to make any differences apparent.


The variables may be of any type(s) that is/are applicable in your language.


Related tasks



Factor

<lang factor>USING: infix locals prettyprint sequences sequences.generalizations sequences.repeating ;

row ( x p -- seq )
   x p "-x**p" [infix -x**p infix]
   "-(x)**p" [infix -(x)**p infix]
   "(-x)**p" [infix (-x)**p infix]
   "-(x**p)" [infix -(x**p) infix] 10 narray ;

{ "x value" "p value" } { "expression" "result" } 8 cycle append -5 2 row -5 3 row 5 2 row 5 3 row 5 narray simple-table.</lang>

Output:
x value p value expression result expression result expression result expression result
-5      2       -x**p      25     -(x)**p    25     (-x)**p    25     -(x**p)    -25
-5      3       -x**p      125    -(x)**p    125    (-x)**p    125    -(x**p)    125
5       2       -x**p      25     -(x)**p    25     (-x)**p    25     -(x**p)    -25
5       3       -x**p      -125   -(x)**p    -125   (-x)**p    -125   -(x**p)    -125

Raku

In Raku by default, infix exponentiation binds tighter than unary negation. It is trivial however to define your own infix operators with whatever precedence level meets the needs of your program.

A slight departure from the task specs. Use 1 + {expression} rather than just {expression} to better demonstrate the relative precedence levels. Where {expression} is one of:

  • -x{exponential operator}p
  • -(x){exponential operator}p
  • (-x){exponential operator}p
  • -(x{exponential operator}p)

Also add a different grouping: (1 + -x){exponential operator}p

<lang perl6>say 'Default precedence: infix exponentiation is tighter (higher) precedence than unary negation.'; sub infix-exp (\x, \p) {

   printf "x = %2d  p = %d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d\n", x, p,
     '1 + -x**p', 1 + -x**p, '1 + -(x)**p', 1 + -(x)**p, '1 + (-x)**p', 1 + (-x)**p, '(1 + -x)**p', (1 + -x)**p, '1 + -(x**p)', 1 + -(x**p);

}

-> $x, $p { infix-exp($x, $p) } for -5, 2, -5, 3, 5, 2, 5, 3;


say "\nEasily modified: custom loose infix exponentiation is looser (lower) precedence than unary negation."; sub infix:<↑> is looser(&prefix:<->) { $^a ** $^b }

sub infix-loose-exp (\x, \p) {

   printf "x = %2d  p = %d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d\n", x, p,
     '1 + -x↑p ', 1 + -x↑p, '1 + -(x)↑p ', 1 + -(x)↑p, '1 + (-x)↑p ', 1 + (-x)↑p, '(1 + -x)↑p ', (1 + -x)↑p, '1 + -(x↑p) ', 1 + -(x↑p);

}

-> $x, $p { infix-loose-exp($x, $p) } for -5, 2, -5, 3, 5, 2, 5, 3;


say "\nEven moreso: custom looser infix exponentiation is looser (lower) precedence than infix subtraction."; sub infix:<^> is looser(&infix:<->) { $^a ** $^b }

sub infix-looser-exp (\x, \p) {

   printf "x = %2d  p = %d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d │ %s = %4d\n", x, p,
     '1 + -x^p ', 1 + -x^p, '1 + -(x)^p ', 1 + -(x)^p, '1 + (-x)^p ', 1 + (-x)^p, '(1 + -x)^p ', (1 + -x)^p, '1 + -(x^p) ', 1 + -(x^p);

}

-> $x, $p { infix-looser-exp($x, $p) } for -5, 2, -5, 3, 5, 2, 5, 3;</lang>

Output:
Default precedence: infix exponentiation is tighter (higher) precedence than unary negation.
x = -5  p = 2 │ 1 + -x**p =  -24 │ 1 + -(x)**p =  -24 │ 1 + (-x)**p =   26 │ (1 + -x)**p =   36 │ 1 + -(x**p) =  -24
x = -5  p = 3 │ 1 + -x**p =  126 │ 1 + -(x)**p =  126 │ 1 + (-x)**p =  126 │ (1 + -x)**p =  216 │ 1 + -(x**p) =  126
x =  5  p = 2 │ 1 + -x**p =  -24 │ 1 + -(x)**p =  -24 │ 1 + (-x)**p =   26 │ (1 + -x)**p =   16 │ 1 + -(x**p) =  -24
x =  5  p = 3 │ 1 + -x**p = -124 │ 1 + -(x)**p = -124 │ 1 + (-x)**p = -124 │ (1 + -x)**p =  -64 │ 1 + -(x**p) = -124

Easily modified: custom loose infix exponentiation is looser (lower) precedence than unary negation.
x = -5  p = 2 │ 1 + -x↑p  =   26 │ 1 + -(x)↑p  =   26 │ 1 + (-x)↑p  =   26 │ (1 + -x)↑p  =   36 │ 1 + -(x↑p)  =  -24
x = -5  p = 3 │ 1 + -x↑p  =  126 │ 1 + -(x)↑p  =  126 │ 1 + (-x)↑p  =  126 │ (1 + -x)↑p  =  216 │ 1 + -(x↑p)  =  126
x =  5  p = 2 │ 1 + -x↑p  =   26 │ 1 + -(x)↑p  =   26 │ 1 + (-x)↑p  =   26 │ (1 + -x)↑p  =   16 │ 1 + -(x↑p)  =  -24
x =  5  p = 3 │ 1 + -x↑p  = -124 │ 1 + -(x)↑p  = -124 │ 1 + (-x)↑p  = -124 │ (1 + -x)↑p  =  -64 │ 1 + -(x↑p)  = -124

Even moreso: custom looser infix exponentiation is looser (lower) precedence than infix subtraction.
x = -5  p = 2 │ 1 + -x^p  =   36 │ 1 + -(x)^p  =   36 │ 1 + (-x)^p  =   36 │ (1 + -x)^p  =   36 │ 1 + -(x^p)  =  -24
x = -5  p = 3 │ 1 + -x^p  =  216 │ 1 + -(x)^p  =  216 │ 1 + (-x)^p  =  216 │ (1 + -x)^p  =  216 │ 1 + -(x^p)  =  126
x =  5  p = 2 │ 1 + -x^p  =   16 │ 1 + -(x)^p  =   16 │ 1 + (-x)^p  =   16 │ (1 + -x)^p  =   16 │ 1 + -(x^p)  =  -24
x =  5  p = 3 │ 1 + -x^p  =  -64 │ 1 + -(x)^p  =  -64 │ 1 + (-x)^p  =  -64 │ (1 + -x)^p  =  -64 │ 1 + -(x^p)  = -124

REXX

<lang rexx>/*REXX program shows exponentition with an infix operator (implied and/or specified).*/ _= '─';  ! = '║'; mJunct= '─╫─'; bJunct= '─╨─' /*define some special glyphs. */

say @(' x ', 5) @(" p ", 5)  ! say @('value', 5) @("value", 5) copies(! @('expression',10) @("result",6)" ", 4) say @( , 5, _) @("", 5, _)copies(mJunct || @(, 10, _) @("", 6, _) , 4)

  do    x=-5  to 5  by 10                       /*assign   -5    and    5    to    X.  */
     do p= 2  to 3                              /*assign    2    and    3    to    P.  */
                          a =  -x**p ;   b =  -(x)**p ;   c =  (-x)**p ;   d =  -(x**p)
                          ae= '-x**p';   be= "-(x)**p";   ce= '(-x)**p';   de= "-(x**p)"
     say @(x,5)  @(p,5) ! @(ae, 10)    right(a, 5)" " ,
                        ! @(be, 10)    right(b, 5)" " ,
                        ! @(ce, 10)    right(c, 5)" " ,
                        ! @(de, 10)    right(d, 5)
     end   /*p*/
  end      /*x*/

say @( , 5, _) @(, 5, _)copies(bJunct || @(, 10, _) @(, 6, _) , 4) exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ @: parse arg txt, w, fill; if fill== then fill= ' '; return center( txt, w, fill) </lang>

output   when using the internal default input:
  x     p   ║
value value ║ expression result ║ expression result ║ expression result ║ expression result
───── ──────╫─────────── ───────╫─────────── ───────╫─────────── ───────╫─────────── ──────
 -5     2   ║   -x**p       25  ║  -(x)**p      25  ║  (-x)**p      25  ║  -(x**p)     -25
 -5     3   ║   -x**p      125  ║  -(x)**p     125  ║  (-x)**p     125  ║  -(x**p)     125
  5     2   ║   -x**p       25  ║  -(x)**p      25  ║  (-x)**p      25  ║  -(x**p)     -25
  5     3   ║   -x**p     -125  ║  -(x)**p    -125  ║  (-x)**p    -125  ║  -(x**p)    -125
───── ──────╨─────────── ───────╨─────────── ───────╨─────────── ───────╨─────────── ──────

Wren

Library: Wren-fmt

Wren uses the pow() method for exponentiation of numbers and, whilst it supports operator overloading, there is no way of adding a suitable infix operator to the existing Num class.

Also inheriting from the Num class is not recommended and will probably be banned altogether from the next version.

However, what we can do is to wrap Num objects in a new Num2 class and then add exponentiation and unary minus operators to that.

Ideally what we'd like to do is to use a new operator such as '**' for exponentiation (because '^' is the bitwise exclusive or operator) but we can only overload existing operators with their existing precedence and so, for the purposes of this task, '^' is the only realistic choice. <lang ecmascript>import "/fmt" for Fmt

class Num2 {

   construct new(n) { _n = n }
   n { _n}
   ^(exp) {
       if (exp is Num2) exp = exp.n
       return Num2.new(_n.pow(exp))
   }
   - { Num2.new(-_n) }
   toString { _n.toString }

}

var ops = ["-x^p", "-(x)^p", "(-x)^p", "-(x^p)"] for (x in [Num2.new(-5), Num2.new(5)]) {

   for (p in [Num2.new(2), Num2.new(3)]) {
       Fmt.write("x = $2s p = $s | ", x, p)
       Fmt.write("$s = $4s | ", ops[0], -x^p)
       Fmt.write("$s = $4s | ", ops[1], -(x)^p)
       Fmt.write("$s = $4s | ", ops[2], (-x)^p)
       Fmt.print("$s = $4s",    ops[3], -(x^p))
   }

}</lang>

Output:
x = -5 p = 2 | -x^p =   25 | -(x)^p =   25 | (-x)^p =   25 | -(x^p) =  -25
x = -5 p = 3 | -x^p =  125 | -(x)^p =  125 | (-x)^p =  125 | -(x^p) =  125
x =  5 p = 2 | -x^p =   25 | -(x)^p =   25 | (-x)^p =   25 | -(x^p) =  -25
x =  5 p = 3 | -x^p = -125 | -(x)^p = -125 | (-x)^p = -125 | -(x^p) = -125