Ramsey's theorem: Difference between revisions
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<lang ring> |
<lang ring> |
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# Project : Ramsey's theorem |
# Project : Ramsey's theorem |
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# Date : 2017/10/ |
# Date : 2017/10/23 |
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# Author : Gal Zsolt (~ CalmoSoft ~) |
# Author : Gal Zsolt (~ CalmoSoft ~) |
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# Email : <calmosoft@gmail.com> |
# Email : <calmosoft@gmail.com> |
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Revision as of 05:51, 23 October 2017
- Task
Find a graph with 17 Nodes such that any 4 Nodes are neither totally connected nor totally unconnected, so demonstrating Ramsey's theorem.
A specially-nominated solution may be used, but if so it must be checked to see if if there are any sub-graphs that are totally connected or totally unconnected.
360 Assembly
<lang 360asm>* Ramsey's theorem 19/03/2017 RAMSEY CSECT
USING RAMSEY,R13 base register
B 72(R15) skip savearea
DC 17F'0' savearea
STM R14,R12,12(R13) save previous context
ST R13,4(R15) link backward
ST R15,8(R13) link forward
LR R13,R15 set addressability
LA R6,1 i=1
DO WHILE=(C,R6,LE,NN) do i=1 to nn
LR R1,R6 i
MH R1,=AL2(N) *n
LR R0,R6 i
AR R1,R0 i*i+i
SLA R1,1 *2
LA R0,2 2
STH R0,A-36(R1) a(i,i)=2
LA R6,1(R6) i++
ENDDO , enddo i
LA R6,1 i=1
DO WHILE=(C,R6,LE,=F'8') do while i<=8
LA R7,1 j=1
DO WHILE=(C,R7,LE,NN) do j=1 to nn
LR R8,R7 j
AR R8,R6 +i
BCTR R8,0 -1
SRDA R8,32 ~
D R8,NN /nn
LA R8,1(R8) k=((j+i-1) mod nn)+1
LR R1,R7 j
MH R1,=AL2(N) *n
LR R0,R8 k
AR R1,R0 j*n+ki
SLA R1,1 *2
LA R0,1 1
STH R0,A-36(R1) a(j,k)=1
LR R1,R8 k
MH R1,=AL2(N) *n
LR R0,R7 j
AR R1,R0 k*n+j
SLA R1,1 *2
LA R0,1 1
STH R0,A-36(R1) a(k,j)=1
LA R7,1(R7) j++
ENDDO , enddo j
AR R6,R6 i=i+i
ENDDO , enddo i
LA R6,1 i=1
DO WHILE=(C,R6,LE,NN) do i=1 to nn
LA R7,1 j=1
LA R10,PG pgi=0
DO WHILE=(C,R7,LE,NN) do j=1 to nn
LR R1,R6 i
MH R1,=AL2(N) *n
LR R0,R7 j
AR R1,R0 i*n+j
SLA R1,1 *2
LH R4,A-36(R1) a(i,j)
IF CH,R4,EQ,=H'2' THEN if a(i,j)=2 then
MVC 0(2,R10),=C' -' output '-'
ELSE , else
XDECO R4,XDEC edit a(i,j)
MVC 0(2,R10),XDEC+10 output a(i,j)
ENDIF , endif
LA R10,2(R10) pgi+=2
LA R7,1(R7) j++
ENDDO , enddo j
XPRNT PG,L'PG print buffer
LA R6,1(R6) i++
ENDDO , enddo i
LA R6,1 i=1
DO WHILE=(C,R6,LE,NN) do i=1 to nn
SR R0,R0 0
STH R0,BH bh=0
STH R0,BV bv=0
LA R7,1 j=1
DO WHILE=(C,R7,LE,NN) do j=1 to nn
LR R1,R6 i
MH R1,=AL2(N) *n
LR R0,R7 j
AR R1,R0 i*n+j
SLA R1,1 *2
LH R2,A-36(R1) a(i,j)
IF CH,R2,EQ,=H'1' THEN if a(i,j)=1 then
LH R2,BH bh
LA R2,1(R2) +1
STH R2,BH bh=bh+1
ENDIF , endif
LR R1,R7 j
MH R1,=AL2(N) *n
LR R0,R6 i
AR R1,R0 j*n+i
SLA R1,1 *2
LH R2,A-36(R1) a(j,i)
IF CH,R2,EQ,=H'1' THEN if a(j,i)=1 then
LH R2,BV bv
LA R2,1(R2) +1
STH R2,BV bv=bv+1
ENDIF , endif
LA R7,1(R7) j++
ENDDO , enddo j
L R2,NN nn
SRA R2,1 /2
MVI XX,X'01' xx=true
IF CH,R2,NE,BH THEN if bh<>nn/2 then
MVI XX,X'00' xx=false
ENDIF , endif
NC OKH,XX okh=okh and (bh=nn/2)
L R2,NN nn
SRA R2,1 /2
MVI XX,X'01' xx=true
IF CH,R2,NE,BV THEN if bv<>nn/2 then
MVI XX,X'00' xx=false
ENDIF , endif
NC OKV,XX okv=okv and (bv=nn/2)
LA R6,1(R6) i++
ENDDO , enddo i
MVC XX,OKH xx=okh
NC XX(1),OKV xx=okh and okv
IF CLI,XX,EQ,X'01' THEN if okh and okv then
MVC WOK,=CL4'yes' wok='yes'
ELSE , else
MVC WOK,=CL4'no' wok='no'
ENDIF , endif
MVC PG,=CL80'check=' output 'check='
MVC PG+6(L'WOK),WOK output wok
XPRNT PG,L'PG print buffer
L R13,4(0,R13) restore previous savearea pointer
LM R14,R12,12(R13) restore previous context
XR R15,R15 return_code=0
BR R14 exit
N EQU 17 n=17 NN DC A(N) nn=n A DC (N*N)H'0' table a(n,n) halfword init 0 BH DS H count horizontal BV DS H count vertical OKH DC X'01' check horizontal OKV DC X'01' check vertical WOK DS CL4 temp ok XX DS X temp logical PG DC CL80' ' buffer XDEC DS CL12 temp xdeco
YREGS
END RAMSEY</lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - check=yes
C
For 17 nodes, (4,4) happens to have a special solution: arrange nodes on a circle, and connect all pairs with distances 1, 2, 4, and 8. It's easier to prove it on paper and just show the result than let a computer find it (you can call it optimization).
No issue with the code or the output, there seems to be a bug with Rosettacode's tag handlers. - aamrun <lang c>#include <stdio.h>
int a[17][17], idx[4];
int find_group(int type, int min_n, int max_n, int depth) { int i, n; if (depth == 4) { printf("totally %sconnected group:", type ? "" : "un"); for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) printf(" %d", idx[i]); putchar('\n'); return 1; }
for (i = min_n; i < max_n; i++) { for (n = 0; n < depth; n++) if (a[idx[n]][i] != type) break;
if (n == depth) { idx[n] = i; if (find_group(type, 1, max_n, depth + 1)) return 1; } } return 0; }
int main() { int i, j, k; const char *mark = "01-";
for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) a[i][i] = 2;
for (k = 1; k <= 8; k <<= 1) { for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) { j = (i + k) % 17; a[i][j] = a[j][i] = 1; } }
for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 17; j++) printf("%c ", mark[a[i][j]]); putchar('\n'); }
// testcase breakage // a[2][1] = a[1][2] = 0;
// it's symmetric, so only need to test groups containing node 0 for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) { idx[0] = i; if (find_group(1, i+1, 17, 1) || find_group(0, i+1, 17, 1)) { puts("no good"); return 0; } } puts("all good"); return 0; }</lang>
- Output:
(17 x 17 connectivity matrix)
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - all good
D
<lang d>import std.stdio, std.string, std.algorithm, std.range;
/// Generate the connectivity matrix. immutable(char)[][] generateMatrix() {
immutable r = format("-%b", 53643);
return r.length.iota.map!(i => r[$-i .. $] ~ r[0 .. $-i]).array;
}
/**Check that every clique of four has at least one pair connected and one pair unconnected. It requires a symmetric matrix.*/ string ramseyCheck(in char[][] mat) pure @safe in {
foreach (immutable r, const row; mat) {
assert(row.length == mat.length);
foreach (immutable c, immutable x; row)
assert(x == mat[c][r]);
}
} body {
immutable N = mat.length; char[6] connectivity = '-';
foreach (immutable a; 0 .. N) {
foreach (immutable b; 0 .. N) {
if (a == b) continue;
connectivity[0] = mat[a][b];
foreach (immutable c; 0 .. N) {
if (a == c || b == c) continue;
connectivity[1] = mat[a][c];
connectivity[2] = mat[b][c];
foreach (immutable d; 0 .. N) {
if (a == d || b == d || c == d) continue;
connectivity[3] = mat[a][d];
connectivity[4] = mat[b][d];
connectivity[5] = mat[c][d];
// We've extracted a meaningful subgraph,
// check its connectivity.
if (!connectivity[].canFind('0'))
return format("Fail, found wholly connected: ",
a, " ", b," ", c, " ", d);
else if (!connectivity[].canFind('1'))
return format("Fail, found wholly " ~
"unconnected: ",
a, " ", b," ", c, " ", d);
}
}
}
}
return "Satisfies Ramsey condition.";
}
void main() {
const mat = generateMatrix;
writefln("%-(%(%c %)\n%)", mat);
mat.ramseyCheck.writeln;
}</lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - Satisfies Ramsey condition.
Elixir
<lang elixir>defmodule Ramsey do
def main(n\\17) do
vertices = Enum.to_list(0 .. n-1)
g = create_graph(n,vertices)
edges = for v1 <- :digraph.vertices(g), v2 <- :digraph.out_neighbours(g, v1), do: {v1,v2}
print_graph(vertices,edges)
case ramsey_check(vertices,edges) do
true -> "Satisfies Ramsey condition."
{false,reason} -> "Not satisfies Ramsey condition:\n#{inspect reason}"
end
|> IO.puts
end
def create_graph(n,vertices) do
g = :digraph.new([:cyclic])
for v <- vertices, do: :digraph.add_vertex(g,v)
for i <- vertices, k <- [1,2,4,8] do
j = rem(i + k, n)
:digraph.add_edge(g, i, j)
:digraph.add_edge(g, j, i)
end
g
end
def print_graph(vertices,edges) do
Enum.each(vertices, fn j ->
Enum.map_join(vertices, " ", fn i ->
cond do
i==j -> "-"
{i,j} in edges -> "1"
true -> "0"
end
end)
|> IO.puts
end)
end
def ramsey_check(vertices,edges) do
listconditions =
for v1 <- vertices, v2 <- vertices, v3 <- vertices, v4 <- vertices,
v1 != v2, v1 != v3, v1 != v4, v2 != v3, v2 != v4, v3 != v4
do
all_cases = [ {v1,v2} in edges, {v1,v3} in edges, {v1,v4} in edges,
{v2,v3} in edges, {v2,v4} in edges, {v3,v4} in edges ]
{v1, v2, v3, v4, Enum.any?(all_cases), not(Enum.all?(all_cases))}
end
if Enum.all?(listconditions, fn {_,_,_,_,c1,c2} -> c1 and c2 end) do
true
else
{false, (for {v1,v2,v3,v4,false,_} <- listconditions, do: {:wholly_unconnected,v1,v2,v3,v4})
++ (for {v1,v2,v3,v4,_,false} <- listconditions, do: {:wholly_connected,v1,v2,v3,v4}) }
end
end
end
Ramsey.main</lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - Satisfies Ramsey condition.
Erlang
<lang erlang>-module(ramsey_theorem). -export([main/0]).
main() -> Vertices = lists:seq(0,16), G = create_graph(Vertices), String_ramsey = case ramsey_check(G,Vertices) of true -> "Satisfies Ramsey condition."; {false,Reason} -> "Not satisfies Ramsey condition:\n" ++ io_lib:format("~p\n",[Reason]) end, io:format("~s\n~s\n",[print_graph(G,Vertices),String_ramsey]).
create_graph(Vertices) -> G = digraph:new([cyclic]), [digraph:add_vertex(G,V) || V <- Vertices], [begin J = ((I + K) rem 17), digraph:add_edge(G, I, J), digraph:add_edge(G, J, I) end || I <- Vertices, K <- [1,2,4,8]], G.
print_graph(G,Vertices) -> Edges = [{V1,V2} || V1 <- digraph:vertices(G), V2 <- digraph:out_neighbours(G, V1)], lists:flatten( [[ [case I of J -> $-; _ -> case lists:member({I,J},Edges) of true -> $1; false -> $0 end end,$ ] || I <- Vertices] ++ [$\n] || J <- Vertices]).
ramsey_check(G,Vertices) -> Edges = [{V1,V2} || V1 <- digraph:vertices(G), V2 <- digraph:out_neighbours(G, V1)], ListConditions = [begin All_cases = [lists:member({V1,V2},Edges), lists:member({V1,V3},Edges), lists:member({V1,V4},Edges), lists:member({V2,V3},Edges), lists:member({V2,V4},Edges), lists:member({V3,V4},Edges)], {V1,V2,V3,V4, lists:any(fun(X) -> X end, All_cases), not(lists:all(fun(X) -> X end, All_cases))} end || V1 <- Vertices, V2 <- Vertices, V3 <- Vertices, V4 <- Vertices, V1/=V2,V1/=V3,V1/=V4,V2/=V3,V2/=V4,V3/=V4], case lists:all(fun({_,_,_,_,C1,C2}) -> C1 and C2 end,ListConditions) of true -> true; false -> {false, [{wholly_unconnected,V1,V2,V3,V4} || {V1,V2,V3,V4,false,_} <- ListConditions] ++ [{wholly_connected,V1,V2,V3,V4} || {V1,V2,V3,V4,_,false} <- ListConditions]} end.</lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - Satisfies Ramsey condition.
J
Interpreting this task as "reproduce the output of all the other examples", then here's a stroll to the goal through the J interpreter: <lang j> i.@<.&.(2&^.) N =: 17 NB. Count to N by powers of 2 1 2 4 8
1 #~ 1 j. 0 _1:} i.@<.&.(2&^.) N =: 17 NB. Turn indices into bit mask
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
(, |.) 1 #~ 1 j. 0 _1:} i.@<.&.(2&^.) N =: 17 NB. Cat the bitmask with its own reflection
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
_1 |.^:(<N) _ , (, |.) 1 #~ 1 j. 0 _1:} <: i.@<.&.(2&^.) N=:17 NB. Then rotate N times to produce the array
_ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _
NB. Packaged up as a re-usable function ramsey =: _1&|.^:((<@])`(_ , [: (, |.) 1 #~ 1 j. 0 _1:} [: <: i.@<.&.(2&^.)@])) ramsey 17
_ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _ 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 _</lang>
To test if all combinations of 4 rows and columns contain both a 0 and a 1 <lang j>
comb=: 4 : 0 M. NB. All size x combinations of i.y
if. (x>:y)+.0=x do. i.(x<:y),x else. (0,.x comb&.<: y),1+x comb y-1 end.
)
NB. returns 1 iff the subbmatrix of y consisting of the columns and rows labelled x contains both 1 and 0
checkRow =. 4 : 0 "1 _
*./ 0 1 e. ,x{"1 x{y
)
*./ (4 comb 17) checkRow ramsey 17
1 </lang>
Java
Translation of Tcl via D
<lang java>import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class RamseysTheorem {
static char[][] createMatrix() {
String r = "-" + Integer.toBinaryString(53643);
int len = r.length();
return IntStream.range(0, len)
.mapToObj(i -> r.substring(len - i) + r.substring(0, len - i))
.map(String::toCharArray)
.toArray(char[][]::new);
}
/**
* Check that every clique of four has at least one pair connected and one
* pair unconnected. It requires a symmetric matrix.
*/
static String ramseyCheck(char[][] mat) {
int len = mat.length;
char[] connectivity = "------".toCharArray();
for (int a = 0; a < len; a++) {
for (int b = 0; b < len; b++) {
if (a == b)
continue;
connectivity[0] = mat[a][b];
for (int c = 0; c < len; c++) {
if (a == c || b == c)
continue;
connectivity[1] = mat[a][c];
connectivity[2] = mat[b][c];
for (int d = 0; d < len; d++) {
if (a == d || b == d || c == d)
continue;
connectivity[3] = mat[a][d];
connectivity[4] = mat[b][d];
connectivity[5] = mat[c][d];
// We've extracted a meaningful subgraph,
// check its connectivity.
String conn = new String(connectivity);
if (conn.indexOf('0') == -1)
return String.format("Fail, found wholly connected: "
+ "%d %d %d %d", a, b, c, d);
else if (conn.indexOf('1') == -1)
return String.format("Fail, found wholly unconnected: "
+ "%d %d %d %d", a, b, c, d);
}
}
}
}
return "Satisfies Ramsey condition.";
}
public static void main(String[] a) {
char[][] mat = createMatrix();
for (char[] s : mat)
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(s));
System.out.println(ramseyCheck(mat));
}
}</lang>
[-, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1] [1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1] [1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1] [1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0] [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0] [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0] [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1] [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0] [0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0] [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0] [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0, 1] [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1, 1] [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -, 1] [1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -] Satisfies Ramsey condition.
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.1.0
val a = Array(17) { IntArray(17) } val idx = IntArray(4)
fun findGroup(type: Int, minN: Int, maxN: Int, depth: Int): Boolean {
if (depth == 4) {
print("\nTotally ${if (type != 0) "" else "un"}connected group:")
for (i in 0 until 4) print(" ${idx[i]}")
println()
return true
}
for (i in minN until maxN) {
var n = depth
for (m in 0 until depth) if (a[idx[m]][i] != type) {
n = m
break
}
if (n == depth) {
idx[n] = i
if (findGroup(type, 1, maxN, depth + 1)) return true
}
}
return false
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
for (i in 0 until 17) a[i][i] = 2
var j: Int
var k = 1
while (k <= 8) {
for (i in 0 until 17) {
j = (i + k) % 17
a[i][j] = 1
a[j][i] = 1
}
k = k shl 1
}
val mark = "01-"
for (i in 0 until 17) {
for (m in 0 until 17) print("${mark[a[i][m]]} ")
println()
}
for (i in 0 until 17) {
idx[0] = i
if (findGroup(1, i + 1, 17, 1) || findGroup(0, i + 1, 17, 1)) {
println("\nRamsey condition not satisfied.")
return
}
}
println("\nRamsey condition satisfied.")
}</lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - Ramsey condition satisfied.
Mathematica
<lang mathematica>CirculantGraph[17, {1, 2, 4, 8}]</lang>
Mathprog
<lang>/*Ramsey 4 4 17
This model finds a graph with 17 Nodes such that no clique of 4 Nodes is either fully connected, nor fully disconnected Nigel_Galloway January 18th., 2012
- /
param Nodes := 17; var Arc{1..Nodes, 1..Nodes}, binary;
clique{a in 1..(Nodes-3), b in (a+1)..(Nodes-2), c in (b+1)..(Nodes-1), d in (c+1)..Nodes} : 1 <= Arc[a,b] + Arc[a,c] + Arc[a,d] + Arc[b,c] + Arc[b,d] + Arc[c,d] <= 5;
end;</lang>
This may be run with: <lang bash>glpsol --minisat --math R_4_4_17.mprog --output R_4_4_17.sol</lang> The solution may be viewed on this page. In the solution file, the first section identifies the number of nodes connected in this clique. In the second part of the solution, the status of each arc in the graph (connected=1, unconnected=0) is shown.
PARI/GP
This takes the C solution to its logical extreme. <lang parigp>
check(M)={
my(n=#M);
for(a=1,n-3,
for(b=a+1,n-2,
my(goal=!M[a,b]);
for(c=b+1,n-1,
if(M[a,c]==goal || M[b,c]==goal, next(2));
for(d=c+1,n,
if(M[a,d]==goal || M[b,d]==goal || M[c,d]==goal, next(3));
)
);
print(a" "b);
return(0)
)
);
1
};
M=matrix(17,17,x,y,my(t=abs(x-y)%17);t==2^min(valuation(t,2),3)) check(M)</lang>
Perl 6
<lang perl6>my @a = [ 0 xx 17 ] xx 17; @a[$_;$_] = '-' for ^17;
for flat ^17 X 1,2,4,8 -> $i, $k {
my $j = ($i + $k) % 17; @a[$i;$j] = @a[$j;$i] = 1;
} .say for @a;
for combinations(17,4).Array -> $quartet {
my $links = [+] $quartet.combinations(2).map: -> $i,$j { @a[$i;$j] }
die "Bogus!" unless 0 < $links < 6;
} say "OK";</lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - OK
Python
<lang python>range17 = range(17) a = [['0'] * 17 for i in range17] idx = [0] * 4
def find_group(mark, min_n, max_n, depth=1):
if (depth == 4):
prefix = "" if (mark == '1') else "un"
print("Fail, found totally {}connected group:".format(prefix))
for i in range(4):
print(idx[i])
return True
for i in range(min_n, max_n):
n = 0
while (n < depth):
if (a[idx[n]][i] != mark):
break
n += 1
if (n == depth):
idx[n] = i
if (find_group(mark, 1, max_n, depth + 1)):
return True
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
for i in range17:
a[i][i] = '-'
for k in range(4):
for i in range17:
j = (i + pow(2, k)) % 17
a[i][j] = a[j][i] = '1'
# testcase breakage # a[2][1] = a[1][2] = '0'
for row in a:
print(' '.join(row))
for i in range17:
idx[0] = i
if (find_group('1', i + 1, 17) or find_group('0', i + 1, 17)):
print("no good")
exit()
print("all good")</lang>
- Output same as C:
Racket
Kind of a translation of C (ie, reducing this problem to generating a printout of a specific matrix). <lang racket>#lang racket
(define N 17)
(define (dist i j)
(define d (abs (- i j))) (if (<= d (quotient N 2)) d (- N d)))
(define v
(build-vector N
(λ(i) (build-vector N
(λ(j) (case (dist i j) [(0) '-] [(1 2 4 8) 1] [else 0]))))))
(for ([row v]) (displayln row))</lang>
REXX
Mainline programming was borrowed from C. <lang rexx>/*REXX program finds and displays a 17 node graph such that any four nodes are neither */ /*─────────────────────────────────────────── totally connected nor totally unconnected.*/ @.=0; #=17 /*initialize the node graph to zero. */
do d=0 for #; @.d.d=2; end /*d*/ /*set the diagonal elements to two. */
do k=1 by 0 while k<=8 /*K is doubled each time through loop.*/
do i=0 for #; j= (i+k) // # /*set a row,column and column,row. */
@.i.j=1; @.j.i=1 /*set two array elements to unity. */
end /*i*/
k=k+k /*double the value of K for each loop*/
end /*k*/
/* [↓] display a connection grid. */
do r=0 for #; _=; do c=0 for # /*build rows; build column by column. */
_=_ @.r.c /*add (append) the column to the row.*/
end /*c*/
say left(, 9) translate(_, "-", 2) /*display the constructed row. */
end /*r*/
/*verify the sub-graphs connections. */
!.=0; ok=1 /*Ramsey's connections; OK (so far).*/
/* [↓] check col. with row connections*/
do v=0 for # /*check the sub-graphs # of connections*/
do h=0 for # /*check column connections to the rows.*/
if @.v.h==1 then !._v.v= !._v.v + 1 /*if connected, then bump the counter.*/
end /*h*/ /* [↑] Note: we're counting each */
ok=ok & !._v.v==# % 2 /* connection twice, so divide */
end /*v*/ /* the total by two. */
/* [↓] check col. with row connections*/
do h=0 for # /*check the sub-graphs # of connections*/
do v=0 for # /*check the row connection to a column.*/
if @.h.v==1 then !._h.h= !._h.h + 1 /*if connected, then bump the counter.*/
end /*v*/ /* [↑] Note: we're counting each */
ok=ok & !._h.h==# % 2 /* connection twice, so divide */
end /*h*/ /* the total by two. */
say /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ say space("Ramsey's condition is" word('not', 1+ok) "satisfied.") /*yea─or─nay.*/</lang>
- output (17x17 connectivity matrix):
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -
Ramsey's condition is satisfied.
Ring
<lang ring>
- Project : Ramsey's theorem
- Date : 2017/10/23
- Author : Gal Zsolt (~ CalmoSoft ~)
- Email : <calmosoft@gmail.com>
load "stdlib.ring"
a = newlist(17,17) for i = 1 to 17
a[i][i] = -1
next k = 1 while k <= 8
for i = 1 to 17
j = (i + k) % 17
if j != 0
a[i][j] = 1
a[j][i] = 1
ok
next
k = k * 2
end for i = 1 to 17
for j = 1 to 17
see a[i][j] + " "
next
see nl
next </lang> Output:
-11101000110001011 1-1110100011000101 11-111010001100010 011-11101000110001 1011-1110100011000 01011-111010001100 001011-11101000110 0001011-1110100011 10001011-111010000 110001011-11101000 0110001011-1110100 00110001011-111010 000110001011-11100 1000110001011-1110 01000110001011-110 101000110001011-10 1101000100000000-1
Ruby
<lang ruby>a = Array.new(17){['0'] * 17} 17.times{|i| a[i][i] = '-'} 4.times do |k|
17.times do |i| j = (i + 2 ** k) % 17 a[i][j] = a[j][i] = '1' end
end a.each {|row| puts row.join(' ')}
- check taken from Perl6 version
(0...17).to_a.combination(4) do |quartet|
links = quartet.combination(2).map{|i,j| a[i][j].to_i}.reduce(:+)
abort "Bogus" unless 0 < links && links < 6
end puts "Ok" </lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - Ok
Run BASIC
<lang runbasic>dim a(17,17) for i = 1 to 17: a(i,i) = -1: next i k = 1 while k <= 8
for i = 1 to 17 j = (i + k) mod 17 a(i,j) = 1 a(j,i) = 1 next i k = k * 2
wend for i = 1 to 17
for j = 1 to 17 print a(i,j);" "; next j print
next i</lang>
-1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Sidef
<lang ruby>var a = 17.of { 17.of(0) }
17.times {|i| a[i][i] = '-' } 4.times { |k|
17.times { |i|
var j = ((i + 1<<k) % 17)
a[i][j] = (a[j][i] = 1)
}
}
a.each {|row| say row.join(' ') }
combinations(17, 4, { |*quartet|
var links = quartet.combinations(2).map{|p| a.dig(p...) }.sum
((0 < links) && (links < 6)) || die "Bogus!"
}) say "Ok"</lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - Ok
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.6
- Generate the connectivity matrix
set init [split [format -%b 53643] ""] set matrix {} for {set r $init} {$r ni $matrix} {set r [concat [lindex $r end] [lrange $r 0 end-1]]} {
lappend matrix $r
}
- Check that every clique of four has at least *one* pair connected and one
- pair unconnected. ASSUMES that the graph is symmetric.
proc ramseyCheck4 {matrix} {
set N [llength $matrix]
set connectivity [lrepeat 6 -]
for {set a 0} {$a < $N} {incr a} {
for {set b 0} {$b < $N} {incr b} { if {$a==$b} continue lset connectivity 0 [lindex $matrix $a $b] for {set c 0} {$c < $N} {incr c} { if {$a==$c || $b==$c} continue lset connectivity 1 [lindex $matrix $a $c] lset connectivity 2 [lindex $matrix $b $c] for {set d 0} {$d < $N} {incr d} { if {$a==$d || $b==$d || $c==$d} continue lset connectivity 3 [lindex $matrix $a $d] lset connectivity 4 [lindex $matrix $b $d] lset connectivity 5 [lindex $matrix $c $d]
# We've extracted a meaningful subgraph; check its connectivity if {0 ni $connectivity} { puts "FAIL! Found wholly connected: $a $b $c $d" return } elseif {1 ni $connectivity} { puts "FAIL! Found wholly unconnected: $a $b $c $d" return } } } }
} puts "Satisfies Ramsey condition"
}
puts [join $matrix \n] ramseyCheck4 $matrix</lang>
- Output:
- 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 - Satisfies Ramsey condition
- Draft Programming Tasks
- 360 Assembly
- C
- D
- Elixir
- Erlang
- Erlang digraph
- J
- Java
- Kotlin
- Mathematica
- C examples needing attention
- Examples needing attention
- Mathprog
- Mathprog examples needing attention
- PARI/GP
- Perl 6
- Python
- Racket
- Racket examples needing attention
- REXX
- Ring
- Ruby
- Run BASIC
- Run BASIC examples needing attention
- Sidef
- Tcl