Language
Wart
This programming language may be used to instruct a computer to perform a task.
Official website
Execution method: Interpreted
Garbage collected: Yes
Parameter passing methods: By value
Type strength: Strong
Type checking: Dynamic
Lang tag(s): lisp, c
See Also:


Listed below are all of the tasks on Rosetta Code which have been solved using Wart.

Wart is an experimental, dynamic, batshit-liberal language designed to eventually be used by small teams of intrinsically-motivated programmers. Wart is based on Lisp, but with a cleaner syntax and more powerful primitives to help non-lispers appreciate the power of Lisp. Wart was designed with several questions in mind:

  • How far can we change the syntax of Lisp without compromising the power of Lisp macros? Wart has several features to help make codebases more pleasurable to read and easier to ramp up on.
    1. While lispers can continue to write fully-parenthesized Lisp, Wart provides a whitespace-sensitive syntax that is easy to get used to and eliminates most parentheses for the convenience of non-lisp readers.
      if (odd 3) "odd"
    2. Wart provides infix operators in an elegant way without compromising homoiconicity or macros. Infix operations provide only one precedence rule: operators without whitespace are evaluated before operators with whitespace.
      (n * n-1)  # does what you think
      The catch: infix characters like dashes can't be used in names, unlike traditional Lisps.
    3. All functions can be called with keyword arguments as needed, using aliases so both caller and callee can use the right name for them.
def (subtract a|from b)
  a-b

subtract 4 3
=> 1

subtract 3 :from 4
=> 1
  • What would a language ecosystem be like without any backwards-compatibility guarantees, super easy to change and fork promiscuously? Wart has no version numbers, and new versions and forks are free to change all semantics to their hearts' desire. Instead of a spec or frozen interfaces, we rely on automated tests. Wart is thoroughly tested, and Wart programs are expected to be thoroughly tested as well, and to buy in to the investment of needing to make changes during upgrades. The hope is that upgrade effort might be higher than the best-case scenario in other languages, but the worst-case time will remain tightly bounded because clients of libraries will be more likely to understand how they're implemented, and so be more empowered. (More info: http://akkartik.name/blog/libraries2)
  • What would a language look like with an emphasis on a parsimonious and harmonious system of names? This is only possible if the language has no reserved words, and even primitives can be overloaded in arbitrary ways. So you never end up with constructions like 'my_if' or 'append2' or 'queue_length'. (More info: http://akkartik.name/blog/readable-bad)
  • Can a language implementation remain intelligible to outsiders over time, especially under pressure to run fast? Wart is exploring experimental primitives in the core interpreter that will make partial evaluation as easy as passing code through eval multiple times.

These are all hard open questions, not expected to be definitively answered anytime soon. Wart is an experiment, and looking for feedback from people unafraid to bounce between language and implementation. If that's you, check it out: http://github.com/akkartik/wart#readme

To run the following examples in most places (but not Windows):

$ git clone http://github.com/akkartik/wart
$ cd wart
$ ./wart
ready! type in an expression, then hit enter twice. ctrl-d exits.

Now you can start pasting in code. Lines starting with '=>' are results printed by Wart; don't type those in.