Averages/Simple moving average
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Computing the simple moving average of a series of numbers.
Create a stateful function/class/instance that takes a number as argument and returns a simple moving average of its arguments so far.
See also: Standard Deviation
AutoHotkey
ahk forum: discussion For Integers: <lang AutoHotkey>MsgBox % MovingAverage(5,3) ; 5, averaging length <- 3 MsgBox % MovingAverage(1) ; 3 MsgBox % MovingAverage(-3) ; 1 MsgBox % MovingAverage(8) ; 2 MsgBox % MovingAverage(7) ; 4
MovingAverage(x,len="") { ; for integers (faster)
Static Static sum:=0, n:=0, m:=10 ; default averaging length = 10 If (len>"") ; non-blank 2nd parameter: set length, reset sum := n := i := 0, m := len If (n < m) ; until the buffer is not full sum += x, n++ ; keep summing data Else ; when buffer is full sum += x-v%i% ; add new, subtract oldest v%i% := x, i := mod(i+1,m) ; remember last m inputs, cycle insertion point Return sum/n
}</lang> For floating point numbers: <lang AutoHotkey> MovingAverage(x,len="") { ; for floating point numbers
Static Static n:=0, m:=10 ; default averaging length = 10 If (len>"") ; non-blank 2nd parameter: set length, reset n := i := 0, m := len n += n < m, sum := 0 v%i% := x, i := mod(i+1,m) ; remember last m inputs, cycle insertion point Loop %n% ; recompute sum to avoid error accumulation j := A_Index-1, sum += v%j% Return sum/n
}</lang>
C
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <stdarg.h>
typedef struct sma_obj {
double sma; double sum; int period; double *values; int lv;
} sma_obj_t;
typedef union sma_result {
sma_obj_t *handle; double sma; double *values;
} sma_result_t;
enum Action { SMA_NEW, SMA_FREE, SMA_VALUES, SMA_ADD, SMA_MEAN }; sma_result_t sma(enum Action action, ...) {
va_list vl; sma_result_t r; sma_obj_t *o; double v;
va_start(vl, action); switch(action) { case SMA_NEW: // args: int period r.handle = malloc(sizeof(sma_obj_t)); r.handle->sma = 0.0; r.handle->period = va_arg(vl, int); r.handle->values = malloc(r.handle->period * sizeof(double)); r.handle->lv = 0; r.handle->sum = 0.0; break; case SMA_FREE: // args: sma_obj_t *handle r.handle = va_arg(vl, sma_obj_t *); free(r.handle->values); free(r.handle); r.handle = NULL; break; case SMA_VALUES: // args: sma_obj_t *handle o = va_arg(vl, sma_obj_t *); r.values = o->values; break; case SMA_MEAN: // args: sma_obj_t *handle o = va_arg(vl, sma_obj_t *); r.sma = o->sma; break; case SMA_ADD: // args: sma_obj_t *handle, double value o = va_arg(vl, sma_obj_t *); v = va_arg(vl, double); if ( o->lv < o->period ) { o->values[o->lv++] = v; o->sum += v; o->sma = o->sum / o->lv; } else { o->sum -= o->values[ o->lv % o->period]; o->sum += v; o->sma = o->sum / o->period; o->values[ o->lv % o->period ] = v; o->lv++; } r.sma = o->sma; break; } va_end(vl); return r;
}</lang>
<lang c>double v[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 };
int main() {
int i;
sma_obj_t *h3 = sma(SMA_NEW, 3).handle; sma_obj_t *h5 = sma(SMA_NEW, 5).handle;
for(i=0; i < sizeof(v)/sizeof(double) ; i++) { printf("next number %lf, SMA_3 = %lf, SMA_5 = %lf\n",
v[i], sma(SMA_ADD, h3, v[i]).sma, sma(SMA_ADD, h5, v[i]).sma);
}
sma(SMA_FREE, h3); sma(SMA_FREE, h5); return 0;
}</lang>
Common Lisp
This implementation uses a circular list to store the numbers within the window; at the beginning of each iteration pointer refers to the list cell which holds the value just moving out of the window and to be replaced with the just-added value.
<lang lisp>(defun simple-moving-average (period &aux
(sum 0) (count 0) (values (make-list period)) (pointer values)) (setf (rest (last values)) values) ; construct circularity (lambda (n) (when (first pointer) (decf sum (first pointer))) ; subtract old value (incf sum n) ; add new value (incf count) (setf (first pointer) n) (setf pointer (rest pointer)) ; advance pointer (/ sum (min count period))))</lang>
E
This implementation produces two (function) objects sharing state. It is idiomatic in E to separate input from output (read from write) rather than combining them into one object.
The structure is the same as the implementation of Standard Deviation#E.
<lang e>pragma.enable("accumulator") def makeMovingAverage(period) {
def values := ([null] * period).diverge() var index := 0 var count := 0 def insert(v) { values[index] := v index := (index + 1) %% period count += 1 } /** Returns the simple moving average of the inputs so far, or null if there have been no inputs. */ def average() { if (count > 0) { return accum 0 for x :notNull in values { _ + x } / count.min(period) } } return [insert, average]
}</lang>
<lang e>? for period in [3, 5] { > def [insert, average] := makeMovingAverage(period) > println(`Period $period:`) > for value in [1,2,3,4,5,5,4,3,2,1] { > insert(value) > println(value, "\t", average()) > } > println() > } 0.0 1.0 0.9428090415820626 0.8660254037844386 0.9797958971132716 1.0 1.3997084244475297 2.0</lang>
Forth
<lang forth>
- f+! ( f addr -- ) dup f@ f+ f! ;
- ,f0s ( n -- ) falign 0 do 0e f, loop ;
- period @ ;
- used cell+ ;
- head 2 cells + ;
- sum 3 cells + faligned ;
- ring ( addr -- faddr )
dup sum float+ swap head @ floats + ;
- update ( fvalue addr -- addr )
dup ring f@ fnegate dup sum f+! fdup dup ring f! dup sum f+! dup head @ 1+ over period mod over head ! ;
- moving-average
create ( period -- ) dup , 0 , 0 , 1+ ,f0s does> ( fvalue -- avg ) update dup used @ over period < if 1 over used +! then dup sum f@ used @ 0 d>f f/ ;
3 moving-average sma 1e sma f. \ 1. 2e sma f. \ 1.5 3e sma f. \ 2. 4e sma f. \ 3. </lang>
Fortran
<lang fortran>program Movavg
implicit none
integer :: i
write (*, "(a)") "SIMPLE MOVING AVERAGE: PERIOD = 3"
do i = 1, 5 write (*, "(a, i2, a, f8.6)") "Next number:", i, " sma = ", sma(real(i)) end do do i = 5, 1, -1 write (*, "(a, i2, a, f8.6)") "Next number:", i, " sma = ", sma(real(i)) end do
contains
function sma(n)
real :: sma real, intent(in) :: n real, save :: a(3) = 0 integer, save :: count = 0
if (count < 3) then count = count + 1 a(count) = n else a = eoshift(a, 1, n) end if
sma = sum(a(1:count)) / real(count)
end function
end program Movavg </lang>
Java
<lang java5>import java.util.LinkedList; public class MovingAverage {
LinkedList<Double> window; private int size; public MovingAverage(int size) { window = new LinkedList<Double>(); this.size = size; } public static void main(String[] args) { double[] testData = {1,2,3,4,5,5,4,3,2,1}; MovingAverage ma = new MovingAverage(3); for (double x : testData) { ma.newNum(x); System.out.println(ma.getAvg()); }
System.out.println();
ma = new MovingAverage(5); for (double x : testData) { ma.newNum(x); System.out.println(ma.getAvg()); } }
public void newNum(double num) { window.add(num); if (window.size() > size) { window.removeFirst(); } }
public double getAvg() { if (window.isEmpty()) return 0; double ret = 0; double sum = 0; for (double num : window) { sum += num; } return sum / Math.min(window.size(), size); }
}</lang> Output:
1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.666666666666667 4.666666666666667 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.8 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.0
Perl
<lang perl>sub sma ($)
{my ($period, $sum, @a) = shift, 0; return sub {unshift @a, shift; $sum += $a[0]; @a > $period and $sum -= pop @a; return $sum / @a;}}</lang>
Python
<lang python>def simplemovingaverage(period):
assert period == int(period) and period > 0, "Period must be an integer >0" summ = n = 0.0 values = [0.0] * period # old value queue
def sma(x): nonlocal summ, n, values n += 1 values.insert(0, x) summ += x - values.pop() n = n if n <= period else period return summ / n
return sma
if __name__ == '__main__':
for period in [3, 5]: print ("\nSIMPLE MOVING AVERAGE: PERIOD =", period) sma = simplemovingaverage(period) for i in range(1,6): print (" Next number = %-2g, SMA = %g " % (i, sma(i))) for i in range(5, 0, -1): print (" Next number = %-2g, SMA = %g " % (i, sma(i)))</lang>
Sample output
SIMPLE MOVING AVERAGE: PERIOD = 3 Next number = 1 , SMA = 1 Next number = 2 , SMA = 1.5 Next number = 3 , SMA = 2 Next number = 4 , SMA = 3 Next number = 5 , SMA = 4 Next number = 5 , SMA = 4.66667 Next number = 4 , SMA = 4.66667 Next number = 3 , SMA = 4 Next number = 2 , SMA = 3 Next number = 1 , SMA = 2 SIMPLE MOVING AVERAGE: PERIOD = 5 Next number = 1 , SMA = 1 Next number = 2 , SMA = 1.5 Next number = 3 , SMA = 2 Next number = 4 , SMA = 2.5 Next number = 5 , SMA = 3 Next number = 5 , SMA = 3.8 Next number = 4 , SMA = 4.2 Next number = 3 , SMA = 4.2 Next number = 2 , SMA = 3.8 Next number = 1 , SMA = 3
Ruby
A closure: <lang ruby>def simple_moving_average(size)
nums = [] sum = 0.0 lambda do |hello| nums << hello goodbye = nums.length > size ? nums.shift : 0 sum += hello - goodbye sum / nums.length end
end
ma3 = simple_moving_average(3) ma5 = simple_moving_average(5)
(1.upto(5).to_a + 5.downto(1).to_a).each do |num|
printf "Next number = %d, SMA_3 = %.3f, SMA_5 = %.1f\n", num, ma3.call(num), ma5.call(num)
end</lang>
A class <lang ruby>class MovingAverager
def initialize(size) @size = size @nums = [] @sum = 0.0 end def <<(hello) @nums << hello goodbye = @nums.length > @size ? @nums.shift : 0 @sum += hello - goodbye self end def average @sum / @nums.length end alias to_f average def to_s average.to_s end
end
ma3 = MovingAverager.new(3) ma5 = MovingAverager.new(5)
(1.upto(5).to_a + 5.downto(1).to_a).each do |num|
printf "Next number = %d, SMA_3 = %.3f, SMA_5 = %.1f\n", num, ma3 << num, ma5 <<num
end</lang>
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>Object subclass: MovingAverage [
|valueCollection period collectedNumber sum| MovingAverage class >> newWithPeriod: thePeriod [
|r| r := super basicNew. ^ r initWithPeriod: thePeriod
] initWithPeriod: thePeriod [ valueCollection := OrderedCollection new: thePeriod.
period := thePeriod. collectedNumber := 0. sum := 0
] sma [ collectedNumber < period ifTrue: [ ^ sum / collectedNumber ] ifFalse: [ ^ sum / period ] ] add: value [ collectedNumber < period ifTrue: [
sum := sum + value. valueCollection add: value. collectedNumber := collectedNumber + 1. ] ifFalse: [ sum := sum - (valueCollection removeFirst). sum := sum + value. valueCollection add: value ]. ^ self sma
]
].</lang>
<lang smalltalk>|sma3 sma5|
sma3 := MovingAverage newWithPeriod: 3. sma5 := MovingAverage newWithPeriod: 5.
- ( 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 ) do: [ :v |
('Next number %1, SMA_3 = %2, SMA_5 = %3' % { v . (sma3 add: v) asFloat . (sma5 add: v) asFloat }) displayNl
]</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>oo::class create SimpleMovingAverage {
variable vals idx constructor Template:Period 3 { set idx end-[expr {$period-1}] set vals {} } method val x { set vals [lrange [list {*}$vals $x] $idx end] expr {[tcl::mathop::+ {*}$vals]/double([llength $vals])} }
}</lang> Demonstration: <lang tcl>SimpleMovingAverage create averager3 SimpleMovingAverage create averager5 5 foreach n {1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1} {
puts "Next number = $n, SMA_3 = [averager3 val $n], SMA_5 = [averager5 val $n]"
}</lang> Output:
Next number = 1, SMA_3 = 1.0, SMA_5 = 1.0 Next number = 2, SMA_3 = 1.5, SMA_5 = 1.5 Next number = 3, SMA_3 = 2.0, SMA_5 = 2.0 Next number = 4, SMA_3 = 3.0, SMA_5 = 2.5 Next number = 5, SMA_3 = 4.0, SMA_5 = 3.0 Next number = 5, SMA_3 = 4.666666666666667, SMA_5 = 3.8 Next number = 4, SMA_3 = 4.666666666666667, SMA_5 = 4.2 Next number = 3, SMA_3 = 4.0, SMA_5 = 4.2 Next number = 2, SMA_3 = 3.0, SMA_5 = 3.8 Next number = 1, SMA_3 = 2.0, SMA_5 = 3.0