Yellowstone sequence

From Rosetta Code
Task
Yellowstone sequence
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

The Yellowstone sequence, also called the Yellowstone permutation, is defined as:

For n <= 3,

   a(n) = n

For n >= 4,

   a(n) = the smallest number not already in sequence such that a(n) is relatively prime to a(n-1) and 
          is not relatively prime to a(n-2).


The sequence is a permutation of the natural numbers, and gets its name from what its authors felt was a spiking, geyser like appearance of a plot of the sequence.


Example

a(4) is 4 because 4 is the smallest number following 1, 2, 3 in the sequence that is relatively prime to the entry before it (3), and is not relatively prime to the number two entries before it (2).


Task
Find and show as output the first  30  Yellowstone numbers.


Extra
Demonstrate how to plot, with x = n and y coordinate a(n), the first 100 Yellowstone numbers.


Related tasks


See also



11l

Translation of: C++
T YellowstoneGenerator
   min_ = 1
   n_ = 0
   n1_ = 0
   n2_ = 0
   Set[Int] sequence_

   F next()
      .n2_ = .n1_
      .n1_ = .n_
      I .n_ < 3
         .n_++
      E
         .n_ = .min_
         L !(.n_ !C .sequence_ & gcd(.n1_, .n_) == 1 & gcd(.n2_, .n_) > 1)
            .n_++
      .sequence_.add(.n_)
      L
         I .min_ !C .sequence_
            L.break
         .sequence_.remove(.min_)
         .min_++
      R .n_

print(‘First 30 Yellowstone numbers:’)
V ygen = YellowstoneGenerator()
print(ygen.next(), end' ‘’)
L(i) 1 .< 30
   print(‘ ’ygen.next(), end' ‘’)
print()
Output:
First 30 Yellowstone numbers:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17
Translation of: Ruby
F yellow(n)
   V a = [1, 2, 3]
   V b = Set([1, 2, 3])
   V i = 4
   L n > a.len
      I i !C b & gcd(i, a.last) == 1 & gcd(i, a[(len)-2]) > 1
         a.append(i)
         b.add(i)
         i = 4
      i++
   R a

print(yellow(30))
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

Action!

BYTE FUNC Gcd(BYTE a,b)
  BYTE tmp

  IF a<b THEN
    tmp=a a=b b=tmp
  FI

  WHILE b#0
  DO
    tmp=a MOD b
    a=b b=tmp
  OD
RETURN (a)

BYTE FUNC Contains(BYTE ARRAY a BYTE len,value)
  BYTE i

  FOR i=0 TO len-1
  DO
    IF a(i)=value THEN
      RETURN (1)
    FI
  OD
RETURN (0)

PROC Generate(BYTE ARRAY seq BYTE count)
  BYTE i,x

  seq(0)=1 seq(1)=2 seq(2)=3
  FOR i=3 TO COUNT-1
  DO
    x=1
    DO
      IF Contains(seq,i,x)=0 AND
        Gcd(x,seq(i-1))=1 AND Gcd(x,seq(i-2))>1 THEN
        EXIT
      FI
      x==+1
    OD
    seq(i)=x
  OD
RETURN

PROC Main()
  DEFINE COUNT="30"
  BYTE ARRAY seq(COUNT)
  BYTE i

  Generate(seq,COUNT)
  PrintF("First %B Yellowstone numbers:%E",COUNT)
  FOR i=0 TO COUNT-1
  DO
    PrintB(seq(i)) Put(32)
  OD
RETURN
Output:

Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer

First 30 Yellowstone numbers:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

Ada

Translation of: C++
with Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Containers.Ordered_Sets;

procedure Yellowstone_Sequence is

   generic  --  Allow more than one generator, but must be instantiated
   package Yellowstones is
      function Next return Integer;
      function GCD (Left, Right : Integer) return Integer;
   end Yellowstones;

   package body Yellowstones
   is
      package Sequences is
        new Ada.Containers.Ordered_Sets (Integer);

      --  Internal package state
      N_0 : Integer := 0;
      N_1 : Integer := 0;
      N_2 : Integer := 0;
      Seq : Sequences.Set;
      Min : Integer := 1;

      function GCD (Left, Right : Integer) return Integer
      is (if Right = 0
          then Left
          else GCD (Right, Left mod Right));

      function Next return Integer is
      begin
         N_2 := N_1;
         N_1 := N_0;
         if N_0 < 3 then
            N_0 := N_0 + 1;
         else
            N_0 := Min;
            while
              not (not Seq.Contains (N_0)
                     and then GCD (N_1, N_0) = 1
                     and then GCD (N_2, N_0) > 1)
            loop
               N_0 := N_0 + 1;
            end loop;
         end if;
         Seq.Insert (N_0);
         while Seq.Contains (Min) loop
            Seq.Delete (Min);
            Min := Min + 1;
         end loop;
         return N_0;
      end Next;

   end Yellowstones;

   procedure First_30 is
      package Yellowstone is new Yellowstones;  --  New generator instance
      use Ada.Text_IO;
   begin
      Put_Line ("First 30 Yellowstone numbers:");
      for A in 1 .. 30 loop
         Put (Yellowstone.Next'Image); Put (" ");
      end loop;
      New_Line;
   end First_30;

begin
   First_30;
end Yellowstone_Sequence;
Output:
First 30 Yellowstone numbers:
 1  2  3  4  9  8  15  14  5  6  25  12  35  16  7  10  21  20  27  22  39  11  13  33  26  45  28  51  32  17

ALGOL 68

BEGIN # find members of the yellowstone sequence: starting from 1, 2, 3 the   #
      # subsequent members are the lowest number coprime to the previous one  #
      # and not coprime to the one before that, that haven't appeared in the  #
      # sequence yet                                                          #
    # iterative Greatest Common Divisor routine, returns the gcd of m and n   #
    PROC gcd = ( INT m, n )INT:
         BEGIN
            INT a := ABS m, b := ABS n;
            WHILE b /= 0 DO
                INT new a = b;
                b        := a MOD b;
                a        := new a
            OD;
            a
         END # gcd # ;
    # returns an array of the Yellowstone seuence up to n                     #
    OP   YELLOWSTONE = ( INT n )[]INT:
         BEGIN
            [ 1 : n ]INT result;
            IF n > 0 THEN
                result[ 1 ] := 1;
                IF n > 1 THEN
                    result[ 2 ] := 2;
                    IF n > 2 THEN
                        result[ 3 ] := 3;
                        # guess the maximum element will be n, if it is larger, used will be enlarged #
                        REF[]BOOL used := HEAP[ 1 : n ]BOOL;
                        used[ 1 ] := used[ 2 ] := used[ 3 ] := TRUE;
                        FOR i FROM 4 TO UPB used DO used[ i ] := FALSE OD;
                        FOR i FROM 4 TO UPB result DO
                            INT p1      = result[ i - 1 ];
                            INT p2      = result[ i - 2 ];
                            BOOL found := FALSE;
                            FOR j WHILE NOT found DO
                                IF j > UPB used THEN
                                    # not enough elements in used - enlarge it #
                                    REF[]BOOL new used := HEAP[ 1 : 2 * UPB used ]BOOL;
                                    new used[ 1 : UPB used ] := used;
                                    FOR k FROM UPB used + 1 TO UPB new used DO new used[ k ] := FALSE OD;
                                    used := new used
                                FI;
                                IF NOT used[ j ] THEN
                                    IF found := gcd( j, p1 ) = 1 AND gcd( j, p2 ) /= 1
                                    THEN
                                        result[ i ] := j;
                                        used[   j ] := TRUE
                                    FI
                                FI
                            OD
                        OD
                    FI
                FI
            FI;
            result
         END # YELLOWSTONE # ;
    []INT ys = YELLOWSTONE 30;
    FOR i TO UPB ys DO
        print( ( " ", whole( ys[ i ], 0 ) ) )
    OD
END
Output:
 1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

Arturo

yellowstone: function [n][
    result: new [1 2 3]
    present: new [1 2 3]
    start: new 4
    while [n > size result][
        candidate: new start
        while ø [
            if all? @[
                not? contains? present candidate
                1 = gcd @[candidate last result]
                1 <> gcd @[candidate get result (size result)-2]
            ][
                'result ++ candidate
                'present ++ candidate
                while [contains? present start] -> inc 'start
                break
            ]
            inc 'candidate
        ]
    ]
    return result
]

print yellowstone 30
Output:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

AutoHotkey

A := [], in_seq := []
loop 30 {
    n := A_Index
    if n <=3
        A[n] := n,    in_seq[n] := true
    else while true
    {
        s := A_Index
        if !in_seq[s] && relatively_prime(s, A[n-1]) && !relatively_prime(s, A[n-2])
        {
            A[n] := s
            in_seq[s] := true
            break
        }
    }
}
for i, v in A
    result .= v ","
MsgBox % result := "[" Trim(result, ",") "]"
return
;--------------------------------------
relatively_prime(a, b){
    return (GCD(a, b) = 1)
}
;--------------------------------------
GCD(a, b) {
    while b
        b := Mod(a | 0x0, a := b)
    return a
}
Output:
[1,2,3,4,9,8,15,14,5,6,25,12,35,16,7,10,21,20,27,22,39,11,13,33,26,45,28,51,32,17]

C

Translation of: Ruby
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct lnode_t {
    struct lnode_t *prev;
    struct lnode_t *next;
    int v;
} Lnode;

Lnode *make_list_node(int v) {
    Lnode *node = malloc(sizeof(Lnode));
    if (node == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    node->v = v;
    node->prev = NULL;
    node->next = NULL;
    return node;
}

void free_lnode(Lnode *node) {
    if (node == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    node->v = 0;
    node->prev = NULL;
    free_lnode(node->next);
    node->next = NULL;
}

typedef struct list_t {
    Lnode *front;
    Lnode *back;
    size_t len;
} List;

List *make_list() {
    List *list = malloc(sizeof(List));
    if (list == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    list->front = NULL;
    list->back = NULL;
    list->len = 0;
    return list;
}

void free_list(List *list) {
    if (list == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    list->len = 0;
    list->back = NULL;
    free_lnode(list->front);
    list->front = NULL;
}

void list_insert(List *list, int v) {
    Lnode *node;

    if (list == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    node = make_list_node(v);
    if (list->front == NULL) {
        list->front = node;
        list->back = node;
        list->len = 1;
    } else {
        node->prev = list->back;
        list->back->next = node;
        list->back = node;
        list->len++;
    }
}

void list_print(List *list) {
    Lnode *it;

    if (list == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    for (it = list->front; it != NULL; it = it->next) {
        printf("%d ", it->v);
    }
}

int list_get(List *list, int idx) {
    Lnode *it = NULL;

    if (list != NULL && list->front != NULL) {
        int i;
        if (idx < 0) {
            it = list->back;
            i = -1;
            while (it != NULL && i > idx) {
                it = it->prev;
                i--;
            }
        } else {
            it = list->front;
            i = 0;
            while (it != NULL && i < idx) {
                it = it->next;
                i++;
            }
        }
    }

    if (it == NULL) {
        return INT_MIN;
    }
    return it->v;
}

///////////////////////////////////////

typedef struct mnode_t {
    int k;
    bool v;
    struct mnode_t *next;
} Mnode;

Mnode *make_map_node(int k, bool v) {
    Mnode *node = malloc(sizeof(Mnode));
    if (node == NULL) {
        return node;
    }
    node->k = k;
    node->v = v;
    node->next = NULL;
    return node;
}

void free_mnode(Mnode *node) {
    if (node == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    node->k = 0;
    node->v = false;
    free_mnode(node->next);
    node->next = NULL;
}

typedef struct map_t {
    Mnode *front;
} Map;

Map *make_map() {
    Map *map = malloc(sizeof(Map));
    if (map == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    map->front = NULL;
    return map;
}

void free_map(Map *map) {
    if (map == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    free_mnode(map->front);
    map->front = NULL;
}

void map_insert(Map *map, int k, bool v) {
    if (map == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    if (map->front == NULL) {
        map->front = make_map_node(k, v);
    } else {
        Mnode *it = map->front;
        while (it->next != NULL) {
            it = it->next;
        }
        it->next = make_map_node(k, v);
    }
}

bool map_get(Map *map, int k) {
    if (map != NULL) {
        Mnode *it = map->front;
        while (it != NULL && it->k != k) {
            it = it->next;
        }
        if (it != NULL) {
            return it->v;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

///////////////////////////////////////

int gcd(int u, int v) {
    if (u < 0) u = -u;
    if (v < 0) v = -v;
    if (v) {
        while ((u %= v) && (v %= u));
    }
    return u + v;
}

List *yellow(size_t n) {
    List *a;
    Map *b;
    int i;

    a = make_list();
    list_insert(a, 1);
    list_insert(a, 2);
    list_insert(a, 3);

    b = make_map();
    map_insert(b, 1, true);
    map_insert(b, 2, true);
    map_insert(b, 3, true);

    i = 4;

    while (n > a->len) {
        if (!map_get(b, i) && gcd(i, list_get(a, -1)) == 1 && gcd(i, list_get(a, -2)) > 1) {
            list_insert(a, i);
            map_insert(b, i, true);
            i = 4;
        }
        i++;
    }

    free_map(b);
    return a;
}

int main() {
    List *a = yellow(30);
    list_print(a);
    free_list(a);
    putc('\n', stdout);
    return 0;
}
Output:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

C++

#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <set>

template <typename integer>
class yellowstone_generator {
public:
    integer next() {
        n2_ = n1_;
        n1_ = n_;
        if (n_ < 3) {
            ++n_;
        } else {
            for (n_ = min_; !(sequence_.count(n_) == 0
                && std::gcd(n1_, n_) == 1
                && std::gcd(n2_, n_) > 1); ++n_) {}
        }
        sequence_.insert(n_);
        for (;;) {
            auto it = sequence_.find(min_);
            if (it == sequence_.end())
                break;
            sequence_.erase(it);
            ++min_;
        }
        return n_;
    }
private:
    std::set<integer> sequence_;
    integer min_ = 1;
    integer n_ = 0;
    integer n1_ = 0;
    integer n2_ = 0;
};

int main() {
    std::cout << "First 30 Yellowstone numbers:\n";
    yellowstone_generator<unsigned int> ygen;
    std::cout << ygen.next();
    for (int i = 1; i < 30; ++i)
        std::cout << ' ' << ygen.next();
    std::cout << '\n';
    return 0;
}
Output:
First 30 Yellowstone numbers:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

D

Translation of: C++
import std.numeric;
import std.range;
import std.stdio;

class Yellowstone {
    private bool[int] sequence_;
    private int min_ = 1;
    private int n_ = 0;
    private int n1_ = 0;
    private int n2_ = 0;

    public this() {
        popFront();
    }

    public bool empty() {
        return false;
    }

    public int front() {
        return n_;
    }

    public void popFront() {
        n2_ = n1_;
        n1_ = n_;
        if (n_ < 3) {
            ++n_;
        } else {
            for (n_ = min_;
                !(n_ !in sequence_ && gcd(n1_, n_) == 1 && gcd(n2_, n_) > 1);
                ++n_) {
                // empty
            }
        }
        sequence_[n_] = true;
        while (true) {
            if (min_ !in sequence_) {
                break;
            }
            sequence_.remove(min_);
            ++min_;
        }
    }
}

void main() {
    new Yellowstone().take(30).writeln();
}
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

Delphi

Translation of: Go

Boost.Generics.Collection and Boost.Process are part of DelphiBoostLib.

program Yellowstone_sequence;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  System.SysUtils,
  Boost.Generics.Collection,
  Boost.Process;

function gdc(x, y: Integer): Integer;
begin
  while y <> 0 do
  begin
    var tmp := x;
    x := y;
    y := tmp mod y;
  end;
  Result := x;
end;

function Yellowstone(n: Integer): TArray<Integer>;
var
  m: TDictionary<Integer, Boolean>;
  a: TArray<Integer>;
begin
  m.Init;
  SetLength(a, n + 1);
  for var i := 1 to 3 do
  begin
    a[i] := i;
    m[i] := True;
  end;

  var min := 4;

  for var c := 4 to n do
  begin
    var i := min;
    repeat
      if not m[i, false] and (gdc(a[c - 1], i) = 1) and (gdc(a[c - 2], i) > 1) then
      begin
        a[c] := i;
        m[i] := true;
        if i = min then
          inc(min);
        Break;
      end;
      inc(i);
    until false;
  end;

  Result := copy(a, 1, length(a));
end;

begin
  var x: TArray<Integer>;
  SetLength(x, 100);
  for var i in Range(100) do
    x[i] := i + 1;

  var y := yellowstone(High(x));

  writeln('The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:');
  for var i := 0 to 29 do
    Write(y[i], ' ');
  Writeln;

  //Plotting

  var plot := TPipe.Create('gnuplot -p', True);
  plot.WritelnA('unset key; plot ''-''');

  for var i := 0 to High(x) do
    plot.WriteA('%d %d'#10, [x[i], y[i]]);
  plot.WritelnA('e');

  writeln('Press enter to close');
  Readln;
  plot.Kill;
  plot.Free;
end.
Output:
The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17
Press enter to close

EasyLang

Translation of: Lua
func gcd a b .
   if b = 0
      return a
   .
   return gcd b (a mod b)
.
proc remove_at i . a[] .
   for j = i + 1 to len a[]
      a[j - 1] = a[j]
   .
   len a[] -1
.
proc yellowstone count . yellow[] .
   yellow[] = [ 1 2 3 ]
   num = 4
   while len yellow[] < count
      yell1 = yellow[len yellow[] - 1]
      yell2 = yellow[len yellow[]]
      for i to len notyellow[]
         test = notyellow[i]
         if gcd yell1 test > 1 and gcd yell2 test = 1
            break 1
         .
      .
      if i <= len notyellow[]
         yellow[] &= notyellow[i]
         remove_at i notyellow[]
      else
         while gcd yell1 num <= 1 or gcd yell2 num <> 1
            notyellow[] &= num
            num += 1
         .
         yellow[] &= num
         num += 1
      .
   .
.
print "First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:"
yellowstone 30 yellow[]
print yellow[]

Factor

Works with: Factor version 0.99 2020-01-23
USING: accessors assocs colors.constants
combinators.short-circuit io kernel math prettyprint sequences
sets ui ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.charts ui.gadgets.charts.lines ;

: yellowstone? ( n hs seq -- ? )
    {
        [ drop in? not ]
        [ nip last gcd nip 1 = ]
        [ nip dup length 2 - swap nth gcd nip 1 > ]
    } 3&& ;

: next-yellowstone ( hs seq -- n )
    [ 4 ] 2dip [ 3dup yellowstone? ] [ [ 1 + ] 2dip ] until
    2drop ;

: next ( hs seq -- hs' seq' )
    2dup next-yellowstone [ suffix! ] [ pick adjoin ] bi ;

: <yellowstone> ( n -- seq )
    [ HS{ 1 2 3 } clone dup V{ } set-like ] dip dup 3 <=
    [ head nip ] [ 3 - [ next ] times nip ] if ;


! Show first 30 Yellowstone numbers.

"First 30 Yellowstone numbers:" print
30 <yellowstone> [ pprint bl ] each nl

! Plot first 100 Yellowstone numbers.

chart new { { 0 100 } { 0 175 } } >>axes
line new COLOR: blue >>color
100 <iota> 100 <yellowstone> zip >>data
add-gadget "Yellowstone numbers" open-window
Output:
First 30 Yellowstone numbers:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

Forth

: array create cells allot ;
: th cells + ;                         \ some helper words

30 constant #yellow                    \ number of yellowstones

#yellow array y                        \ create array
                                       ( n1 n2 -- n3)
: gcd dup if tuck mod recurse exit then drop ;
: init 3 0 do i 1+ y i th ! loop ;     ( --)
: show cr #yellow 0 do y i th ? loop ; ( --)
: gcd-y[] - cells y + @ over gcd ;     ( k i n -- k gcd )
: loop1 begin 1+ over 2 gcd-y[] 1 = >r over 1 gcd-y[] 1 > r> or 0= until ;
: loop2 over true swap 0 ?do over y i th @ = if 0= leave then loop ;
: yellow #yellow 3 do i 3 begin loop1 loop2 until y rot th ! loop ;
: main init yellow show ;

main
Output:
main 
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17  ok

FreeBASIC

function gcd(a as uinteger, b as uinteger) as uinteger
    if b = 0 then return a
    return gcd( b, a mod b )
end function

dim as uinteger i, j, k, Y(1 to 100)

Y(1) = 1 : Y(2) = 2: Y(3) = 3

for i = 4 to 100
  k = 3
  print i
  do
      k += 1
      if gcd( k, Y(i-2) ) = 1 orelse gcd( k, Y(i-1) ) > 1 then continue do
      for j = 1 to i-1
          if Y(j)=k then continue do
      next j
      Y(i) = k
      exit do
  loop
next i

for i = 1 to 30
    print str(Y(i))+" ";
next i
print
screen 13
for i = 1 to 100
    pset (i, 200-Y(i)), 31
next i

while inkey=""
wend
end
Output:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

Go

This uses Gnuplot-X11 to do the plotting rather than a third party Go plotting library.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "os/exec"
)

func gcd(x, y int) int {
    for y != 0 {
        x, y = y, x%y
    }
    return x
}

func yellowstone(n int) []int {
    m := make(map[int]bool)
    a := make([]int, n+1)
    for i := 1; i < 4; i++ {
        a[i] = i
        m[i] = true
    }
    min := 4
    for c := 4; c <= n; c++ {
        for i := min; ; i++ {
            if !m[i] && gcd(a[c-1], i) == 1 && gcd(a[c-2], i) > 1 {
                a[c] = i
                m[i] = true
                if i == min {
                    min++
                }
                break
            }
        }
    }    
    return a[1:]
}

func check(err error) {
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}

func main() {
    x := make([]int, 100)
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        x[i] = i + 1
    }
    y := yellowstone(100)
    fmt.Println("The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:")
    fmt.Println(y[:30])
    g := exec.Command("gnuplot", "-persist")
    w, err := g.StdinPipe()
    check(err)
    check(g.Start())
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "unset key; plot '-'")
    for i, xi := range x {
        fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", xi, y[i])
    }
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "e")
    w.Close()
    g.Wait()
}
Output:
The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:
[1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17]

Haskell

import Data.List (unfoldr)

yellowstone :: [Integer]
yellowstone = 1 : 2 : 3 : unfoldr (Just . f) (2, 3, [4 ..])
  where
    f ::
      (Integer, Integer, [Integer]) ->
      (Integer, (Integer, Integer, [Integer]))
    f (p2, p1, rest) = (next, (p1, next, rest_))
      where
        (next, rest_) = select rest
        select :: [Integer] -> (Integer, [Integer])
        select (x : xs)
          | gcd x p1 == 1 && gcd x p2 /= 1 = (x, xs)
          | otherwise = (y, x : ys)
          where
            (y, ys) = select xs

main :: IO ()
main = print $ take 30 yellowstone
Output:
[1,2,3,4,9,8,15,14,5,6,25,12,35,16,7,10,21,20,27,22,39,11,13,33,26,45,28,51,32,17]


Or, defining the Yellowstone permutation in terms of iterate, rather than unfoldr,

and displaying a chart of the first 100 terms:

import Codec.Picture
import Data.Bifunctor (second)
import Diagrams.Backend.Rasterific
import Diagrams.Prelude
import Graphics.Rendering.Chart.Backend.Diagrams
import Graphics.Rendering.Chart.Easy
import qualified Graphics.SVGFonts.ReadFont as F

----------------- YELLOWSTONE PERMUTATION ----------------
yellowstone :: [Integer]
yellowstone =
  1 :
  2 :
  (active <$> iterate nextWindow (2, 3, [4 ..]))
  where
    nextWindow (p2, p1, rest) = (p1, n, residue)
      where
        [rp2, rp1] = relativelyPrime <$> [p2, p1]
        go (x : xs)
          | rp1 x && not (rp2 x) = (x, xs)
          | otherwise = second ((:) x) (go xs)
        (n, residue) = go rest
    active (_, x, _) = x

relativelyPrime :: Integer -> Integer -> Bool
relativelyPrime a b = 1 == gcd a b

---------- 30 FIRST TERMS, AND CHART OF FIRST 100 --------
main :: IO (Image PixelRGBA8)
main = do
  print $ take 30 yellowstone
  env <- chartEnv
  return $
    chartRender env $
      plot
        ( line
            "Yellowstone terms"
            [zip [1 ..] (take 100 yellowstone)]
        )

--------------------- CHART GENERATION -------------------
chartRender ::
  (Default r, ToRenderable r) =>
  DEnv Double ->
  EC r () ->
  Image PixelRGBA8
chartRender env ec =
  renderDia
    Rasterific
    ( RasterificOptions
        (mkWidth (fst (envOutputSize env)))
    )
    $ fst $ runBackendR env (toRenderable (execEC ec))

------------------------ LOCAL FONT ----------------------
chartEnv :: IO (DEnv Double)
chartEnv = do
  sansR <- F.loadFont "SourceSansPro_R.svg"
  sansRB <- F.loadFont "SourceSansPro_RB.svg"
  let fontChosen fs =
        case ( _font_name fs,
               _font_slant fs,
               _font_weight fs
             ) of
          ( "sans-serif",
            FontSlantNormal,
            FontWeightNormal
            ) -> sansR
          ( "sans-serif",
            FontSlantNormal,
            FontWeightBold
            ) -> sansRB
  return $ createEnv vectorAlignmentFns 640 400 fontChosen
Output:
[1,2,3,4,9,8,15,14,5,6,25,12,35,16,7,10,21,20,27,22,39,11,13,33,26,45,28,51,32,17]

J

tacit

Until=: 2 :'u^:(0-:v)^:_'
assert 44 -: >:Until(>&43) 32  NB. increment until exceeding 43
gcd=: +.
coprime=: 1 = gcd
prepare=:1 2 3"_   NB. start with the vector 1 2 3
condition=: 0 1 -: (coprime _2&{.)   NB. trial coprime most recent 2,  nay and yay
append=: ,      NB. concatenate
novel=: -.@e.   NB. x is not a member of y
term=: >:@:]Until((condition *. novel)~) 4:
ys=: (append term)@]^:(0 >. _3+[) prepare
assert (ys 30) -: 1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

explicit

GCD=: +.
relatively_prime=: 1 = GCD

yellowstone=: {{
  s=. 1 2 3            NB. initial sequence
  while. y > # s do.
    z=. <./(1+s)-.s    NB. lowest positive inteeger not in sequence
    while. if. 0 1 -: z relatively_prime _2{.s do. z e. s end. do.
      z=. z+1
    end.   NB. find next value for sequence
    s=. s, z
  end.
}}
   yellowstone 30
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

   load'plot'
   'marker'plot yellowstone 100

try it online

Java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class YellowstoneSequence {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
         System.out.printf("First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:%n%s%n", yellowstoneSequence(30));
    }

    private static List<Integer> yellowstoneSequence(int sequenceCount) {
        List<Integer> yellowstoneList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        yellowstoneList.add(1);
        yellowstoneList.add(2);
        yellowstoneList.add(3);
        int num = 4;
        List<Integer> notYellowstoneList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        int yellowSize = 3;
        while ( yellowSize < sequenceCount ) {
            int found = -1;
            for ( int index = 0 ; index < notYellowstoneList.size() ; index++ ) {
                int test = notYellowstoneList.get(index);
                if ( gcd(yellowstoneList.get(yellowSize-2), test) > 1 && gcd(yellowstoneList.get(yellowSize-1), test) == 1 ) {
                    found = index;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if ( found >= 0 ) {
                yellowstoneList.add(notYellowstoneList.remove(found));
                yellowSize++;
            }
            else {
                while ( true ) {
                    if ( gcd(yellowstoneList.get(yellowSize-2), num) > 1 && gcd(yellowstoneList.get(yellowSize-1), num) == 1 ) {
                        yellowstoneList.add(num);
                        yellowSize++;
                        num++;
                        break;
                    }
                    notYellowstoneList.add(num);
                    num++;
                }
            }
        }
        return yellowstoneList;
    }
        
    private static final int gcd(int a, int b) {
        if ( b == 0 ) {
            return a;
        }
        return gcd(b, a%b);
    }

}
Output:
First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

JavaScript

Translation of: Python
Works with: ES6
(() => {
    'use strict';

    // yellowstone :: Generator [Int]
    function* yellowstone() {
        // A non finite stream of terms in the
        // Yellowstone permutation of the natural numbers.
        // OEIS A098550
        const nextWindow = ([p2, p1, rest]) => {
            const [rp2, rp1] = [p2, p1].map(
                relativelyPrime
            );
            const go = xxs => {
                const [x, xs] = Array.from(
                    uncons(xxs).Just
                );
                return rp1(x) && !rp2(x) ? (
                    Tuple(x)(xs)
                ) : secondArrow(cons(x))(
                    go(xs)
                );
            };
            return [p1, ...Array.from(go(rest))];
        };
        const A098550 = fmapGen(x => x[1])(
            iterate(nextWindow)(
                [2, 3, enumFrom(4)]
            )
        );
        yield 1
        yield 2
        while (true)(
            yield A098550.next().value
        )
    };


    // relativelyPrime :: Int -> Int -> Bool
    const relativelyPrime = a =>
        // True if a is relatively prime to b.
        b => 1 === gcd(a)(b);


    // ------------------------TEST------------------------
    const main = () => console.log(
        take(30)(
            yellowstone()
        )
    );


    // -----------------GENERIC FUNCTIONS------------------

    // Just :: a -> Maybe a
    const Just = x => ({
        type: 'Maybe',
        Nothing: false,
        Just: x
    });

    // Nothing :: Maybe a
    const Nothing = () => ({
        type: 'Maybe',
        Nothing: true,
    });

    // Tuple (,) :: a -> b -> (a, b)
    const Tuple = a =>
        b => ({
            type: 'Tuple',
            '0': a,
            '1': b,
            length: 2
        });

    // abs :: Num -> Num
    const abs =
        // Absolute value of a given number - without the sign.
        Math.abs;

    // cons :: a -> [a] -> [a]
    const cons = x =>
        xs => Array.isArray(xs) ? (
            [x].concat(xs)
        ) : 'GeneratorFunction' !== xs
        .constructor.constructor.name ? (
            x + xs
        ) : ( // cons(x)(Generator)
            function*() {
                yield x;
                let nxt = xs.next()
                while (!nxt.done) {
                    yield nxt.value;
                    nxt = xs.next();
                }
            }
        )();

    // enumFrom :: Enum a => a -> [a]
    function* enumFrom(x) {
        // A non-finite succession of enumerable
        // values, starting with the value x.
        let v = x;
        while (true) {
            yield v;
            v = 1 + v;
        }
    }

    // fmapGen <$> :: (a -> b) -> Gen [a] -> Gen [b]
    const fmapGen = f =>
        function*(gen) {
            let v = take(1)(gen);
            while (0 < v.length) {
                yield(f(v[0]))
                v = take(1)(gen)
            }
        };

    // gcd :: Int -> Int -> Int
    const gcd = x => y => {
        const
            _gcd = (a, b) => (0 === b ? a : _gcd(b, a % b)),
            abs = Math.abs;
        return _gcd(abs(x), abs(y));
    };

    // iterate :: (a -> a) -> a -> Gen [a]
    const iterate = f =>
        function*(x) {
            let v = x;
            while (true) {
                yield(v);
                v = f(v);
            }
        };

    // length :: [a] -> Int
    const length = xs =>
        // Returns Infinity over objects without finite
        // length. This enables zip and zipWith to choose
        // the shorter argument when one is non-finite,
        // like cycle, repeat etc
        (Array.isArray(xs) || 'string' === typeof xs) ? (
            xs.length
        ) : Infinity;

    // secondArrow :: (a -> b) -> ((c, a) -> (c, b))
    const secondArrow = f => xy =>
        // A function over a simple value lifted
        // to a function over a tuple.
        // f (a, b) -> (a, f(b))
        Tuple(xy[0])(
            f(xy[1])
        );

    // take :: Int -> [a] -> [a]
    // take :: Int -> String -> String
    const take = n =>
        // The first n elements of a list,
        // string of characters, or stream.
        xs => 'GeneratorFunction' !== xs
        .constructor.constructor.name ? (
            xs.slice(0, n)
        ) : [].concat.apply([], Array.from({
            length: n
        }, () => {
            const x = xs.next();
            return x.done ? [] : [x.value];
        }));

    // uncons :: [a] -> Maybe (a, [a])
    const uncons = xs => {
        // Just a tuple of the head of xs and its tail,
        // Or Nothing if xs is an empty list.
        const lng = length(xs);
        return (0 < lng) ? (
            Infinity > lng ? (
                Just(Tuple(xs[0])(xs.slice(1))) // Finite list
            ) : (() => {
                const nxt = take(1)(xs);
                return 0 < nxt.length ? (
                    Just(Tuple(nxt[0])(xs))
                ) : Nothing();
            })() // Lazy generator
        ) : Nothing();
    };

    // MAIN ---
    return main();
})();
Output:
1,2,3,4,9,8,15,14,5,6,25,12,35,16,7,10,21,20,27,22,39,11,13,33,26,45,28,51,32,17

jq

Works with: jq
# jq optimizes the recursive call of _gcd in the following:
def gcd(a;b):
  def _gcd:
    if .[1] != 0 then [.[1], .[0] % .[1]] | _gcd else .[0] end;
  [a,b] | _gcd ;

# emit the yellowstone sequence as a stream
def yellowstone:
  1,2,3,
  ({ a: [2, 3],                               # the last two items only
     b: {"1":  true, "2": true, "3" : true},  # a record, to avoid having to save the entire history
     start: 4 }
   | foreach range(1; infinite) as $n (.;
       first(
          .b as $b
     	  | .start = first( range(.start;infinite) | select($b[tostring]|not) )
          | foreach range(.start; infinite) as $i (.;
              .emit = null
              | ($i|tostring) as $is
              | if .b[$is] then .
              # "a(n) is relatively prime to a(n-1) and is not relatively prime to a(n-2)"
              elif (gcd($i; .a[1]) == 1) and (gcd($i; .a[0]) > 1)
              then .emit = $i
              | .a = [.a[1], $i]
              | .b[$is] = true
              else .
              end;
              select(.emit)) );
       .emit ));

The task

"The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:",
[limit(30;yellowstone)]
Output:
The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:
[1,2,3,4,9,8,15,14,5,6,25,12,35,16,7,10,21,20,27,22,39,11,13,33,26,45,28,51,32,17]

Julia

using Plots

function yellowstone(N)
    a = [1, 2, 3]
    b = Dict(1 => 1, 2 => 1, 3 => 1)
    start = 4
    while length(a) < N
        inseries = true
        for i in start:typemax(Int)
            if haskey(b, i)
                if inseries
                    start += 1
                end
            else
                inseries = false
            end
            if !haskey(b, i) && (gcd(i, a[end]) == 1) && (gcd(i, a[end - 1]) > 1)
                push!(a, i)
                b[i] = 1
                break
            end
        end
    end
    return a
end

println("The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:\n", yellowstone(30))

x = 1:100
y = yellowstone(100)
plot(x, y)
Output:
The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

Kotlin

Translation of: Java
fun main() {
    println("First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:")
    println(yellowstoneSequence(30))
}

private fun yellowstoneSequence(sequenceCount: Int): List<Int> {
    val yellowstoneList = mutableListOf(1, 2, 3)
    var num = 4
    val notYellowstoneList = mutableListOf<Int>()
    var yellowSize = 3
    while (yellowSize < sequenceCount) {
        var found = -1
        for (index in notYellowstoneList.indices) {
            val test = notYellowstoneList[index]
            if (gcd(yellowstoneList[yellowSize - 2], test) > 1 && gcd(
                    yellowstoneList[yellowSize - 1], test
                ) == 1
            ) {
                found = index
                break
            }
        }
        if (found >= 0) {
            yellowstoneList.add(notYellowstoneList.removeAt(found))
            yellowSize++
        } else {
            while (true) {
                if (gcd(yellowstoneList[yellowSize - 2], num) > 1 && gcd(
                        yellowstoneList[yellowSize - 1], num
                    ) == 1
                ) {
                    yellowstoneList.add(num)
                    yellowSize++
                    num++
                    break
                }
                notYellowstoneList.add(num)
                num++
            }
        }
    }
    return yellowstoneList
}

private fun gcd(a: Int, b: Int): Int {
    return if (b == 0) {
        a
    } else gcd(b, a % b)
}
Output:
First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

Lua

Translation of: Java
function gcd(a, b)
    if b == 0 then
        return a
    end
    return gcd(b, a % b)
end

function printArray(a)
    io.write('[')
    for i,v in pairs(a) do
        if i > 1 then
            io.write(', ')
        end
        io.write(v)
    end
    io.write(']')
    return nil
end

function removeAt(a, i)
    local na = {}
    for j,v in pairs(a) do
        if j ~= i then
            table.insert(na, v)
        end
    end
    return na
end

function yellowstone(sequenceCount)
    local yellow = {1, 2, 3}
    local num = 4
    local notYellow = {}
    local yellowSize = 3
    while yellowSize < sequenceCount do
        local found = -1
        for i,test in pairs(notYellow) do
            if gcd(yellow[yellowSize - 1], test) > 1 and gcd(yellow[yellowSize - 0], test) == 1 then
                found = i
                break
            end
        end
        if found >= 0 then
            table.insert(yellow, notYellow[found])
            notYellow = removeAt(notYellow, found)
            yellowSize = yellowSize + 1
        else
            while true do
                if gcd(yellow[yellowSize - 1], num) > 1 and gcd(yellow[yellowSize - 0], num) == 1 then
                    table.insert(yellow, num)
                    yellowSize = yellowSize + 1
                    num = num + 1
                    break
                end
                table.insert(notYellow, num)
                num = num + 1
            end
        end
    end
    return yellow
end

function main()
    print("First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:")
    printArray(yellowstone(30))
    print()
end

main()
Output:
First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

Mathematica / Wolfram Language

state = {1, 2, 3};
MakeNext[state_List] := Module[{i = First[state], done = False, out},
  While[! done,
   If[FreeQ[state, i],
    If[GCD[Last[state], i] == 1,
     If[GCD[state[[-2]], i] > 1,
      out = Append[state, i];
      done = True;
      ]
     ]
    ];
   i++;
   ];
  out
  ]
Nest[MakeNext, state, 30 - 3]
ListPlot[%]
Output:
{1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17}
(* Graphical visualisation of the data *)


Nim

Procedure version

This version uses a set and, so, is limited to 65536 elements. It is easy to change this limit by using a HashSet (standard module “sets”) instead of a set. See the iterator version which uses such a HashSet.

import math

proc yellowstone(n: int): seq[int] =
  assert n >= 3
  result = @[1, 2, 3]
  var present = {1, 2, 3}
  var start = 4
  while result.len < n:
    var candidate = start
    while true:
      if candidate notin present and gcd(candidate, result[^1]) == 1 and gcd(candidate, result[^2]) != 1:
        result.add candidate
        present.incl candidate
        while start in present: inc start
        break
      inc candidate

echo yellowstone(30)
Output:
@[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

Iterator version

This version uses a HashSet, but using a set as in the previous version is possible if we accept the limit of 65536 elements.

import math, sets

iterator yellowstone(n: int): int =
  assert n >= 3
  for i in 1..3: yield i
  var present = [1, 2, 3].toHashSet
  var prevLast = 2
  var last = 3
  var start = 4
  for _ in 4..n:
    var candidate = start
    while true:
      if candidate notin present and gcd(candidate, last) == 1 and gcd(candidate, prevLast) != 1:
        yield candidate
        present.incl candidate
        prevLast = last
        last = candidate
        while start in present: inc start
        break
      inc candidate

for n in yellowstone(30):
  stdout.write " ", n
echo()
Output:
 1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17


PARI/GP

yellowstone(n) = {
    my(a=3, o=2, u=[]);
    if(n<3, return(n)); \\ Base case: return n if it is less than 3
    print1("1, 2");  \\ Print initial values

    for(i = 4, n,  \\ Iterate from 4 to n
        print1(", "a);  \\ Print current value of a
        u = setunion(u, Set(a));  \\ Add a to the set u

        \\ Remove consecutive elements from u
        while(#u > 1 && u[2] == u[1] + 1, 
            u = vecextract(u, "^1")
        );

        \\ Find next value of a
        for(k = u[1] + 1, 1e10, 
            if(gcd(k, o) <= 1, next);  \\ Skip if gcd(k, o) is greater than 1
            if(setsearch(u, k), next);  \\ Skip if k is in set u
            if(gcd(k, a) != 1, next);  \\ Skip if gcd(k, a) is not 1
            o = a;  \\ Update o to current a
            a = k;  \\ Update a to k
            break
        )
    );

    a  \\ Return the final value of a
}

yellowstone(20);  \\ Call the function with n = 20
Output:
1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27

Perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';

use List::Util qw(first);
use GD::Graph::bars;

use constant Inf  => 1e5;

sub gcd {
  my ($u, $v) = @_;
  while ($v) {
    ($u, $v) = ($v, $u % $v);
  }
  return abs($u);
}

sub yellowstone {
    my($terms) = @_;
    my @s = (1, 2, 3);
    my @used = (1) x 4;
    my $min  = 3;
    while (1) {
        my $index = first { not defined $used[$_] and gcd($_,$s[-2]) != 1 and gcd($_,$s[-1]) == 1 } $min .. Inf;
        $used[$index] = 1;
        $min = (first { not defined $used[$_] } 0..@used-1) || @used-1;
        push @s, $index;
        last if @s == $terms;
    }
    @s;
}

say "The first 30 terms in the Yellowstone sequence:\n" . join ' ', yellowstone(30);

my @data = ( [1..500], [yellowstone(500)]);
my $graph = GD::Graph::bars->new(800, 600);
$graph->set(
    title          => 'Yellowstone sequence',
    y_max_value    => 1400,
    x_tick_number  => 5,
    r_margin       => 10,
    dclrs          => [ 'blue' ],
) or die $graph->error;
my $gd = $graph->plot(\@data) or die $graph->error;

open my $fh, '>', 'yellowstone-sequence.png';
binmode $fh;
print $fh $gd->png();
close $fh;
Output:
The first 30 terms in the Yellowstone sequence:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

See graph at off-site PNG image

Phix

Library: Phix/pGUI
Library: Phix/online

You can run this online here.

--
-- demo\rosetta\Yellowstone_sequence.exw
--
with javascript_semantics
requires("1.0.2")

function yellowstone(integer N)
    sequence a = {1, 2, 3},
             b = repeat(true,3)
    integer i = 4
    while length(a) < N do
        if (i>length(b) or b[i]=false)
        and gcd(i,a[$])=1
        and gcd(i,a[$-1])>1 then
            a &= i
            if i>length(b) then
                b &= repeat(false,i-length(b))
            end if
            b[i] = true
            i = 4
        end if
        i += 1
    end while
    return a
end function
  
printf(1,"The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:\n%v\n", {yellowstone(30)})

-- a simple plot:
include pGUI.e
include IupGraph.e

function get_data(Ihandle graph)
    sequence y500 = yellowstone(500)
    integer {w,h} = IupGetIntInt(graph,"DRAWSIZE")
    IupSetInt(graph,"XTICK",iff(w<640?iff(h<300?100:50):20))
    IupSetInt(graph,"YTICK",iff(h<250?iff(h<140?iff(h<120?700:350):200):100))
    return {{tagset(500),y500,CD_RED}}
end function

IupOpen()
Ihandle graph = IupGraph(get_data,"RASTERSIZE=960x600")
IupSetAttributes(graph,`GTITLE="Yellowstone Numbers"`)
IupSetInt(graph,"TITLESTYLE",CD_ITALIC)
IupSetAttributes(graph,`XNAME="n", YNAME="a(n)"`)
IupSetAttributes(graph,"XTICK=20,XMIN=0,XMAX=500")
IupSetAttributes(graph,"YTICK=100,YMIN=0,YMAX=1400")
Ihandle dlg = IupDialog(graph,`TITLE="Yellowstone Names"`)
IupSetAttributes(dlg,"MINSIZE=290x140")
IupShow(dlg)
if platform()!=JS then
    IupMainLoop()
    IupClose()
end if
Output:
The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:
{1,2,3,4,9,8,15,14,5,6,25,12,35,16,7,10,21,20,27,22,39,11,13,33,26,45,28,51,32,17}

Phixmonti

Translation of: Ruby
Require Utilitys library version 1.3
include ..\Utilitys.pmt

def gcd /# u v -- n #/
    abs int swap abs int swap
 
    dup
    while
        over over mod rot drop dup
    endwhile
    drop
enddef

def test enddef

def yellow var n
  ( 1 2 3 ) var a
  newd ( 1 true ) setd ( 2 true ) setd ( 3 true ) setd var b
  4 var i
  test
  while
    b i getd "Unfound" == >ps
    a -1 get >ps -2 get
    i gcd 1 > ps> i gcd 1 == ps> 
    and and if
      i 0 put var a
      ( i true ) setd var b
      4 var i
    else
      drop drop
    endif
    i 1 + var i
    test
  endwhile
  a
enddef

def test n a len nip > enddef
 
"The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:" ? 30 yellow ?
Output:
The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

=== Press any key to exit ===

PicoLisp

(load "@lib/frac.l")
(de yellow (N)
   (let (L (list 3 2 1)  I 4  C 3  D)
      (while (> N C)
         (when
            (and
               (not (idx 'D I))
               (=1 (gcd I (get L 1)))
               (> (gcd I (get L 2)) 1) )
            (push 'L I)
            (idx 'D I T)
            (setq I 4)
            (inc 'C) )
         (inc 'I) )
      (flip L) ) )
(println (yellow 30))
Output:
(1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17)

PureBasic

Procedure.i gcd(x.i,y.i)
  While y<>0 : t=x : x=y : y=t%y : Wend : ProcedureReturn x
EndProcedure

If OpenConsole()
  Dim Y.i(100)  
  For i=1 To 100
    If i<=3 : Y(i)=i : Continue : EndIf : k=3  
    Repeat
      RepLoop:      
      k+1      
      For j=1 To i-1 : If Y(j)=k : Goto RepLoop : EndIf : Next      
      If gcd(k,Y(i-2))=1 Or gcd(k,Y(i-1))>1 : Continue : EndIf
      Y(i)=k : Break
    ForEver
  Next  
  For i=1 To 30 : Print(Str(Y(i))+" ") : Next : Input()
EndIf
Output:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17 

Python

Works with: Python version 3.7
'''Yellowstone permutation OEIS A098550'''

from itertools import chain, count, islice
from operator import itemgetter
from math import gcd

from matplotlib import pyplot


# yellowstone :: [Int]
def yellowstone():
    '''A non-finite stream of terms from
       the Yellowstone permutation.
       OEIS A098550.
    '''
    # relativelyPrime :: Int -> Int -> Bool
    def relativelyPrime(a):
        return lambda b: 1 == gcd(a, b)

    # nextWindow :: (Int, Int, [Int]) -> (Int, Int, [Int])
    def nextWindow(triple):
        p2, p1, rest = triple
        [rp2, rp1] = map(relativelyPrime, [p2, p1])

        # match :: [Int] -> (Int, [Int])
        def match(xxs):
            x, xs = uncons(xxs)['Just']
            return (x, xs) if rp1(x) and not rp2(x) else (
                second(cons(x))(
                    match(xs)
                )
            )
        n, residue = match(rest)
        return (p1, n, residue)

    return chain(
        range(1, 3),
        map(
            itemgetter(1),
            iterate(nextWindow)(
                (2, 3, count(4))
            )
        )
    )


# TEST ----------------------------------------------------
# main :: IO ()
def main():
    '''Terms of the Yellowstone permutation.'''

    print(showList(
        take(30)(yellowstone())
    ))
    pyplot.plot(
        take(100)(yellowstone())
    )
    pyplot.xlabel(main.__doc__)
    pyplot.show()


# GENERIC -------------------------------------------------

# Just :: a -> Maybe a
def Just(x):
    '''Constructor for an inhabited Maybe (option type) value.
       Wrapper containing the result of a computation.
    '''
    return {'type': 'Maybe', 'Nothing': False, 'Just': x}


# Nothing :: Maybe a
def Nothing():
    '''Constructor for an empty Maybe (option type) value.
       Empty wrapper returned where a computation is not possible.
    '''
    return {'type': 'Maybe', 'Nothing': True}


# cons :: a -> [a] -> [a]
def cons(x):
    '''Construction of a list from x as head,
       and xs as tail.
    '''
    return lambda xs: [x] + xs if (
        isinstance(xs, list)
    ) else x + xs if (
        isinstance(xs, str)
    ) else chain([x], xs)


# iterate :: (a -> a) -> a -> Gen [a]
def iterate(f):
    '''An infinite list of repeated
       applications of f to x.
    '''
    def go(x):
        v = x
        while True:
            yield v
            v = f(v)
    return go


# second :: (a -> b) -> ((c, a) -> (c, b))
def second(f):
    '''A simple function lifted to a function over a tuple,
       with f applied only to the second of two values.
    '''
    return lambda xy: (xy[0], f(xy[1]))


# showList :: [a] -> String
def showList(xs):
    '''Stringification of a list.'''
    return '[' + ','.join(repr(x) for x in xs) + ']'


# take :: Int -> [a] -> [a]
# take :: Int -> String -> String
def take(n):
    '''The prefix of xs of length n,
       or xs itself if n > length xs.
    '''
    return lambda xs: (
        xs[0:n]
        if isinstance(xs, (list, tuple))
        else list(islice(xs, n))
    )


# uncons :: [a] -> Maybe (a, [a])
def uncons(xs):
    '''The deconstruction of a non-empty list
       (or generator stream) into two parts:
       a head value, and the remaining values.
    '''
    if isinstance(xs, list):
        return Just((xs[0], xs[1:])) if xs else Nothing()
    else:
        nxt = take(1)(xs)
        return Just((nxt[0], xs)) if nxt else Nothing()


# MAIN ---
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
Output:
1,2,3,4,9,8,15,14,5,6,25,12,35,16,7,10,21,20,27,22,39,11,13,33,26,45,28,51,32,17]

Quackery

gcd is defined at Greatest common divisor#Quackery.

  [ stack ]                 is seqbits      (   --> s )

  [ bit
    seqbits take |
    seqbits put ]           is seqadd       ( n -->   )

  [ bit
    seqbits share & not ]   is notinseq     ( n --> b )

 [ temp put
   ' [ 1 2 3 ]
   7 seqbits put
   4
   [ dip
       [ dup -1 peek
         over -2 peek ]
     dup dip
       [ tuck gcd 1 !=
         unrot gcd 1 =
         and ]
     swap if
       [ dup dip join
         seqadd
         3 ]
    [ 1+
      dup notinseq until ]
     over size temp share
     < not until ]
     drop
     seqbits release
     temp take split drop ] is yellowstones ( n --> [ )

  30 yellowstones echo
Output:
[ 1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17 ]

Racket

#lang racket

(require plot)

(define a098550
  (let ((hsh# (make-hash '((1 . 1) (2 . 2) (3 . 3))))
        (rev# (make-hash '((1 . 1) (2 . 2) (3 . 3)))))
    (λ (n)
      (hash-ref hsh# n
                (λ ()
                  (let ((a_n (for/first ((i (in-naturals 4))
                                         #:unless (hash-has-key? rev# i)
                                         #:when (and (= (gcd i (a098550 (- n 1))) 1)
                                                     (> (gcd i (a098550 (- n 2))) 1)))
                               i)))
                    (hash-set! hsh# n a_n)
                    (hash-set! rev# a_n n)
                    a_n))))))

(map a098550 (range 1 (add1 30)))

(plot (points
       (map (λ (i) (vector i (a098550 i))) (range 1 (add1 100)))))
Output:

Just the output text... you'll have to run this yourself in racket to see the plot!

'(1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17)

Raku

(formerly Perl 6)

Works with: Rakudo version 2020.01

Not really clear whether a line graph or bar graph was desired, so generate both. Also, 100 points don't really give a good feel for the overall shape so do 500.

my @yellowstone = 1, 2, 3, -> $q, $p {
    state @used = True xx 4;
    state $min  = 3;
    my \index = ($min .. *).first: { not @used[$_] and $_ gcd $q != 1 and $_ gcd $p == 1 };
    @used[index] = True;
    $min = @used.first(!*, :k) // +@used - 1;
    index
} … *;

put "The first 30 terms in the Yellowstone sequence:\n", @yellowstone[^30];

use SVG;
use SVG::Plot;

my @x = ^500;

my $chart = SVG::Plot.new(
    background  => 'white',
    width       => 1000,
    height      => 600,
    plot-width  => 950,
    plot-height => 550,
    x           => @x,
    x-tick-step => { 10 },
    y-tick-step => { 50 },
    min-y-axis  => 0,
    values      => [@yellowstone[@x],],
    title       => "Yellowstone Sequence - First {+@x} values (zero indexed)",
);

my $line = './Yellowstone-sequence-line-perl6.svg'.IO;
my $bars = './Yellowstone-sequence-bars-perl6.svg'.IO;

$line.spurt: SVG.serialize: $chart.plot: :lines;
$bars.spurt: SVG.serialize: $chart.plot: :bars;
Output:
The first 30 terms in the Yellowstone sequence:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

See (offsite SVG images) Line graph or Bar graph

REXX

horizontal list of numbers

/*REXX program calculates any number of terms in the Yellowstone (permutation) sequence.*/
parse arg m .                                    /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/
if m=='' | m==","  then m= 30                    /*Not specified?  Then use the default.*/
!.= 0                                            /*initialize an array of numbers(used).*/
# = 0                                            /*count of Yellowstone numbers in seq. */
$=                                               /*list   "      "         "     "  "   */
      do j=1  until #==m;  prev= # - 1
      if j<5  then do;  #= #+1;   @.#= j;  !.#= j;  !.j= 1;  $= strip($ j);  iterate;  end

         do k=1;   if !.k  then iterate          /*Already used?  Then skip this number.*/
         if gcd(k, @.prev)<2  then iterate       /*Not meet requirement?  Then skip it. */
         if gcd(k, @.#) \==1  then iterate       /* "    "       "          "    "   "  */
         #= #+1;   @.#= k;     !.k= 1;   $= $ k  /*bump ctr; assign; mark used; add list*/
         leave                                   /*find the next Yellowstone seq. number*/
         end   /*k*/
      end      /*j*/
say $                                            /*display a list of a Yellowstone seq. */
exit                                             /*stick a fork in it,  we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
gcd: parse arg x,y;  do until y==0;  parse value  x//y  y   with   y  x;  end;    return x
output   when using the default input:     30
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

vertical histogram plot

A horizontal histogram could also be shown,   but it would require a taller (higher) plot with more vertical screen real estate.

/*REXX program calculates any number of terms in the Yellowstone (permutation) sequence.*/
parse arg m .                                    /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/
if m=='' | m==","  then m= 30                    /*Not specified?  Then use the default.*/
!.= 0                                            /*initialize an array of numbers(used).*/
# = 0                                            /*count of Yellowstone numbers in seq. */
$ =                                              /*list   "      "         "     "  "   */
      do j=1  until #==m;         prev= # - 1
      if j<5  then do;  #= #+1;   @.#= j;  !.#= j;  !.j= 1;  $= strip($ j);  iterate;  end

         do k=1;   if !.k  then iterate          /*Already used?  Then skip this number.*/
         if gcd(k, @.prev)<2  then iterate       /*Not meet requirement?  Then skip it. */
         if gcd(k, @.#) \==1  then iterate       /* "    "       "          "    "   "  */
         #= # + 1; @.#= k;     !.k= 1;   $= $ k  /*bump ctr; assign; mark used; add list*/
         leave                                   /*find the next Yellowstone seq. number*/
         end   /*k*/
      end      /*j*/

call $histo  $   '(vertical)'                    /*invoke a REXX vertical histogram plot*/
exit                                             /*stick a fork in it,  we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
gcd: parse arg x,y;  do until y==0;  parse value  x//y  y   with   y  x;  end;    return x
output   when using the input:     532

The plot is shown at three─quarter scale.

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                                                                                                                                     ■                                          │                            │          │                      │        │                 │                 │     ■      ■    │ ■ │       │   ■ ■ │  │ │  │ │ │ ■  │ │ ■ ■ ■ │ │ │  │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │  │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │  │ │ │  │ │  │ │■│■│■│■│■│■│ ││■│■│■│││ │■│■│■│■│■│││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││ ││││
                                                                                                                                     │                                          │                            │          │                      │        │             ■ ■ │        ■   ■    │   ■ │ ■    │ ■  │ │ │ ■     │ ■ │ │ │  │ │  │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │  │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │ │■│■│■│■│ ■│ │■│■│ ■│■│■│ ■│■│ ■│■│││││││││││││ ││││││││││■│││││││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││ ││││
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                                                                                                      ■                              │         ■               │                │                            │          │              ■  ■    │   ■ ■  │ ■ ■ │ │ ■ ■ │ │ │ ■ │    │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │ │  │ │  │ │ │ │ ■ │ │ │ │ │ │  │ │  │ │ │ │  │ │ │■│■│ │■│■│ ■│■│■│■│ ■│■│■│■│■│ ■│││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││ ││││
                                                                                                      │                              │         │               │                │                        ■   │   ■ ■    │ ■    ■ ■   ■ │  │ ■  │ ■ │ │  │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │    │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │ │  │ │  │ │ │ │ │ │■│■│■│■│■│ ■│■│ ■│■│■│■│ ■│■│■│││││■│││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││ ││││
                                                                                                      │            ■                 │         │               │                │             ■    ■ ■ ■ │   │ ■ │ │ ■  │ │ ■  │ │   │ │  │ │  │ │ │ │  │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ■ ■│ │ │■│  │ │■│■│■│■│ ■│■│ ■│■│■│■│■│■│││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││ ││││
                                                                                                      │            │                 │         │     ■         │        ■ ■ ■   │   ■ ■     ■ │ ■  │ │ │ │   │ │ │ │ │  │ │ │  │ │ ■ │ │  │ │  │ │ │ │  │■│ │■│■│■│■│■│■│■│■│■│■│ ││■│■│││ ■│■│││││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││■││││││││││││││││■││││■││││
                                                                                                      │ ■          │                 │         │ ■ ■ │ ■  ■ ■  │ ■ ■ ■  │ │ │   │ ■ │ │ ■   │ │ │  │ │ │ │   │ │ │ │ │  │■│■│  │■│■│■│■│ ■│■│ ■│■│■│■│ ■│││■│││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││■││││││││││││││││││││││││││■││││││││││■││││││■│││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││
                                                                           ■                          │ │          │ ■ ■     ■  ■    │ ■ ■ ■   │ │ │ │ │  │ │  │ │ │ │  │ │ │   │ │ │ │ │   │■│■│ ■│■│■│■│■ ■│■│■│■│■│ ■│││││ ■│││││││││ ││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││││││■││││││■││││││││││││││││││││■││││││││■││││││■││││■│││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││
                                                                         ■ │                     ■ ■  │ │ ■   ■ ■  │ │ │     │  │ ■  │ │ │ │   │ │ │ │ │  │■│  │■│■│■│ ■│■│■│■ ■│■│■│■│■│■■■│││││ │││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││■││││■││││││││■││││││││││││││││■││││││││■││││││││││■│││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││
                                                                     ■ ■ │ │      ■ ■    ■ ■ ■ ■ │ │  │ │ │ ■ │ │  │ │ │ ■ ■■│  │■│ ■│■│■│■│■ ■│■│■│■│■│ ■│││ ■│││││││ │││││││ ││││││││││││││││││ │││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││││ ││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││ ││││││││││││││││││││││││││■││││││││■││││││││││││■││││■│││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││
                                     ■      ■       ■          ■ ■   │ │ │ │ ■  ■ │ │    │■│■│ │ │■│ ■│■│■│■│■│■│ ■│■│■│■│■│││ ■│││ │││││││││ ││││││││││ ││││ ││││││││ │││││││ ││││││││││││││││││■│││││││││■││││││││││■││││││■││││││││││■││││■││││││││■│││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││
                               ■   ■ │   ■  │   ■   │ ■ ■ ■■   │■│■■ │■│■│■│■│ ■│■│■│■  ■│││││■│■│││ ││││││││││││ ││││││││││││■││││■│││││││││■││││││││││■││││■││││││││■│││││││■│││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││
────────────┴───────┴──┴─┴─┴┴──┴─┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴─┴┴┴┴┴┴┴─┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴─┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴
1234981156213171222231132425311825363934361494546524157485862359696751616171713717181844818191718191493921111911151211111111115111161411111216131212121271212713121212712121218151212121211121212812121212191612131322115222212322222223123231252323231252323232323232423242323221232323231262323242323124231292424232323242324242413134137343434137343434343434341313434341383434353513534343435138353513134353535353435363413135353513535351393514545454545454545246454646454546464546464646241464646452414646246464645256464646464647462414624746
      54  5256 0107291336581278545456109839254709038125616729183498741036627407016102613228322844546702600404850730608191412189172512228283037233031334214140346415350953646473585164657266747775986868799978788909107090090800009151912022100142024221263333353641344047454455582785668673555569606877381793777186898286939992919340004505040611518171222201527296312834356333748414274155575850749536586269617371667972828899375898699780919989790903031414171823143292030350806102824373241231424354552615857248636262309757253716871763868948285
                                                    5                9 3 1 5 5  1 7 3    9 5 5 5 5 5  9 30741 361 258525634187 0729 074389016 6525458525 0367 45892189 4703490 016725652189476389 274189016 0967214525185456530987230945701839652545673852903618349410327658307497216907251258545658541701839036329496381072145658590421165458547725610309278143653048327437658545256530909276981985452510667810927416387092110343456732987437658590741670329638523123418309612985456309214765381458525497836585907094169369012307412965839072314387
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     3                              1                                     7                    7                                                                5          5                                3                                                                                                                                    

Ring

see "working..." + nl
row = 3
num = 2
numbers = 1:51
first = 2
second = 3
see "Yellowstone numbers are:" + nl
see "1 " + first + " " + second + " "

     for n = 4 to len(numbers)
         flag1 = 1
         flag2 = 1
         if first < numbers[n]
            min = first
         else
            min = numbers[n]
         ok
         for m = 2 to min
             if first%m = 0 and numbers[n]%m = 0
                flag1 = 0
                exit
             ok
         next
         if second < numbers[n]
            min = second
         else
            min = numbers[n]
         ok
         for m = 2 to min
             if second%m = 0 and numbers[n]%m = 0 
                flag2 = 0
                exit
             ok
         next
         if flag1 = 0 and flag2 = 1
            see "" + numbers[n] + " "
            first = second 
            second = numbers[n] 
            del(numbers,n)
            row = row+1
            if row%10 = 0
               see nl
            ok
            num = num + 1
            if num = 29
               exit   
            ok
            n = 3
         ok
    next

    see "Found " + row + " Yellowstone numbers" + nl
    see "done..." + nl
Output:
working...
Yellowstone numbers are:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 
25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 
39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17 
Found 30 Yellowstone numbers
done...

RPL

Works with: Halcyon Calc version 4.2.7
Code Comments
IF DUP2 < THEN SWAP END 
 WHILE DUP REPEAT SWAP OVER MOD END 
 DROP 
≫ 'GCD' STO

≪ 
  DUP SIZE 1 - GETI ROT ROT GET → am2 am1
   ≪ 3 DO 
       DO 1 + UNTIL DUP2 POS NOT END
     UNTIL DUP am1 GCD 1 == OVER am2 GCD 1 ≠ AND END
     +
 ≫ ≫ 'YELLO' STO
( a b -- gcd(a,b) )
Ensure a > b
Euclidean algorithm



( { a(1)..a(n-1) } -- { a(1)..a(n) } )
Store locally a(n-1) and a(n-2)

Find smallest number not already in sequence
Check primality requirements
Add a(n) to the sequence

The following words in the command line deliver what is required:

{ 1 2 3 } 
≪ 1 27 START YELLO NEXT ≫ EVAL
Output:
1: { 1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17 ]

Ruby

def yellow(n)
  a = [1, 2, 3]
  b = { 1 => true, 2 => true, 3 => true }
  i = 4
  while n > a.length
    if !b[i] && i.gcd(a[-1]) == 1 && i.gcd(a[-2]) > 1
      a << i
      b[i] = true
      i = 4
    end
    i += 1
  end
  a
end

p yellow(30)
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

Rust

// [dependencies]
// num = "0.3"
// plotters = "^0.2.15"

use num::integer::gcd;
use plotters::prelude::*;
use std::collections::HashSet;

fn yellowstone_sequence() -> impl std::iter::Iterator<Item = u32> {
    let mut sequence: HashSet<u32> = HashSet::new();
    let mut min = 1;
    let mut n = 0;
    let mut n1 = 0;
    let mut n2 = 0;
    std::iter::from_fn(move || {
        n2 = n1;
        n1 = n;
        if n < 3 {
            n += 1;
        } else {
            n = min;
            while !(!sequence.contains(&n) && gcd(n1, n) == 1 && gcd(n2, n) > 1) {
                n += 1;
            }
        }
        sequence.insert(n);
        while sequence.contains(&min) {
            sequence.remove(&min);
            min += 1;
        }
        Some(n)
    })
}

// Based on the example in the "Quick Start" section of the README file for
// the plotters library.
fn plot_yellowstone(filename: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let root = BitMapBackend::new(filename, (800, 600)).into_drawing_area();
    root.fill(&WHITE)?;
    let mut chart = ChartBuilder::on(&root)
        .caption("Yellowstone Sequence", ("sans-serif", 24).into_font())
        .margin(10)
        .x_label_area_size(20)
        .y_label_area_size(20)
        .build_ranged(0usize..100usize, 0u32..180u32)?;
    chart.configure_mesh().draw()?;
    chart.draw_series(LineSeries::new(
        yellowstone_sequence().take(100).enumerate(),
        &BLUE,
    ))?;
    Ok(())
}

fn main() {
    println!("First 30 Yellowstone numbers:");
    for y in yellowstone_sequence().take(30) {
        print!("{} ", y);
    }
    println!();
    match plot_yellowstone("yellowstone.png") {
        Ok(()) => {}
        Err(error) => eprintln!("Error: {}", error),
    }
}
Output:

A plot of the first 100 Yellowstone numbers is saved to the file "yellowstone.png".

First 30 Yellowstone numbers:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

Media:Yellowstone sequence rust.png


Scala

Translation of: Java
import scala.util.control.Breaks._


object YellowstoneSequence extends App {

  println(s"First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:\n${yellowstoneSequence(30)}")

  def yellowstoneSequence(sequenceCount: Int): List[Int] = {
    var yellowstoneList = List(1, 2, 3)
    var num = 4
    var notYellowstoneList = List[Int]()
    
    while (yellowstoneList.size < sequenceCount) {
      val foundIndex = notYellowstoneList.indexWhere(test => 
        gcd(yellowstoneList(yellowstoneList.size - 2), test) > 1 && 
        gcd(yellowstoneList.last, test) == 1
      )

      if (foundIndex >= 0) {
        yellowstoneList = yellowstoneList :+ notYellowstoneList(foundIndex)
        notYellowstoneList = notYellowstoneList.patch(foundIndex, Nil, 1)
      } else {
        breakable({
        while (true) {
          if (gcd(yellowstoneList(yellowstoneList.size - 2), num) > 1 && 
              gcd(yellowstoneList.last, num) == 1) {
            yellowstoneList = yellowstoneList :+ num
            num += 1
            // break the inner while loop
            break
          }
          notYellowstoneList = notYellowstoneList :+ num
          num += 1
        }
        });
      }
    }
    yellowstoneList
  }

  def gcd(a: Int, b: Int): Int = if (b == 0) a else gcd(b, a % b)
}
Output:
First 30 values in the yellowstone sequence:
List(1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17)

Tcl

proc gcd {a b} {
    while {$b} {
        lassign [list $b [expr {$a % $b}]] a b
    }
    return $a
}

proc gen_yellowstones {{maxN 30}} {
    set r {}
    for {set n 1} {$n <= $maxN} {incr n} {
        if {$n <= 3} {
            lappend r $n
        } else {
            ## NB: list indices start at 0, not 1.
            set pred    [lindex $r end  ]       ;# a(n-1): coprime
            set prepred [lindex $r end-1]       ;# a(n-2): not coprime
            for {set k 4} {1} {incr k} {
                if {[lsearch -exact $r $k] >= 0} { continue }
                if {1 != [gcd $k $pred   ]} { continue }
                if {1 == [gcd $k $prepred]} { continue }
                ## candidate k survived all tests...
                break
            }
            lappend r $k
        }
    }
    return $r
}
puts "The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:"
puts [gen_yellowstones]
Output:
The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

uBasic/4tH

Translation of: VBA
Works with: v3.64.0
Dim @y(30)
 
@y(0) = 1
@y(1) = 2
@y(2) = 3
 
For i = 3 To 29
  k = 3
  Do
    k = k + 1
    If (FUNC(_gcd(k, @y(i-2))) = 1) + (FUNC(_gcd(k, @y(i-1))) > 1) Then
      Continue
    EndIf

    For j = 0 To i - 1
      If @y(j) = k Then Unloop : Continue
    Next

    @y(i) = k : Break
  Loop
Next
 
For i = 0 To 29
  Print @y(i); " ";
Next

Print : End

_gcd Param (2) 
  If b@ = 0 Then Return (a@) 
Return (FUNC(_gcd(b@, a@ % b@)))
Output:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17 

0 OK, 0:670 

VBA

Function gcd(a As Long, b As Long) As Long
    If b = 0 Then
        gcd = a
        Exit Function
    End If
    gcd = gcd(b, a Mod b)
End Function

Sub Yellowstone()
Dim i As Long, j As Long, k As Long, Y(1 To 30) As Long

Y(1) = 1
Y(2) = 2
Y(3) = 3

For i = 4 To 30
  k = 3
  Do
      k = k + 1
      If gcd(k, Y(i - 2)) = 1 Or gcd(k, Y(i - 1)) > 1 Then GoTo EndLoop:
      For j = 1 To i - 1
          If Y(j) = k Then GoTo EndLoop:
      Next j
      Y(i) = k
      Exit Do
EndLoop:
  Loop
Next i
 
For i = 1 To 30
    Debug.Print Y(i) & " ";
Next i
End Sub
Output:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17

V (Vlang)

Translation of: go
fn gcd(xx int, yy int) int {
    mut x := xx
    mut y := yy
    for y != 0 {
        x, y = y, x%y
    }
    return x
}
 
fn yellowstone(n int) []int {
    mut m := map[int]bool{}
    mut a := []int{len: n+1}
    for i in 1..4 {
        a[i] = i
        m[i] = true
    }
    mut min := 4
    for c := 4; c <= n; c++ {
        for i := min; ; i++ {
            if !m[i] && gcd(a[c-1], i) == 1 && gcd(a[c-2], i) > 1 {
                a[c] = i
                m[i] = true
                if i == min {
                    min++
                }
                break
            }
        }
    }    
    return a[1..]
}
 
fn main() {
    mut x := []int{len: 100}
    for i in 0..100 {
        x[i] = i + 1
    }
    y := yellowstone(100)
    println("The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:")
    println(y[..30])
}
Output:
The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:
[1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17]

Wren

Translation of: Go
Library: Wren-math

Without the extra credit part.

import "./math" for Int

var yellowstone = Fn.new { |n|
    var m = {}
    var a = List.filled(n + 1, 0)
    for (i in 1..3) {
        a[i] = i
        m[i] = true
    }
    var min = 4
    for (c in 4..n) {
        var i = min
        while (true) {
            if (!m[i] && Int.gcd(a[c-1], i) == 1 && Int.gcd(a[c-2], i) > 1) {
                a[c] = i
                m[i] = true
                if (i == min) min = min + 1
                break
            }
            i = i + 1
        }
    }
    return a[1..-1]
}

var x = List.filled(30, 0)
for (i in 0...30) x[i] = i + 1
var y = yellowstone.call(30)
System.print("The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:")
System.print(y)
Output:
The first 30 Yellowstone numbers are:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17]

XPL0

func GCD(N, D);         \Return the greatest common divisor of N and D
int  N, D, R;           \numerator, denominator, remainder
[if D > N then
    [R:=D; D:=N; N:=R]; \swap D and N
while D > 0 do
    [R:= rem(N/D);
    N:= D;
    D:= R;
    ];
return N;
];

int I, A(30+1), N, T;
[for I:= 1 to 3 do A(I):= I;                    \givens
N:= 4;
repeat  T:= 4;
        loop    [if GCD(T, A(N-1)) = 1 and      \relatively prime
                    GCD(T, A(N-2)) # 1 then     \not relatively prime
                        [loop   [for I:= 1 to N-1 do \test if in sequence
                                    if T = A(I) then quit;
                                quit;
                                ];
                        if I = N then           \T is not in sequence so
                            [A(N):= T;          \ add it in
                            N:= N+1;
                            quit;
                            ];
                        ];
                T:= T+1;                        \next trial
                ];
until   N > 30;
for N:= 1 to 30 do
    [IntOut(0, A(N));  ChOut(0, ^ )];
\\for N:= 1 to 100 do Point(N, A(N));           \plot demonstration
]
Output:
1 2 3 4 9 8 15 14 5 6 25 12 35 16 7 10 21 20 27 22 39 11 13 33 26 45 28 51 32 17 

zkl

Translation of: Julia

This sequence is limited to the max size of a Dictionary, 64k

fcn yellowstoneW{	// --> iterator
   Walker.zero().tweak(fcn(a,b){
      foreach i in ([1..]){
         if(not b.holds(i) and i.gcd(a[-1])==1 and i.gcd(a[-2]) >1){
	    a.del(0).append(i);	// only keep last two terms
	    b[i]=True;
	    return(i);
	 }
      }
   }.fp(List(2,3), Dictionary(1,True, 2,True, 3,True))).push(1,2,3);
}
println("The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:");
yellowstoneW().walk(30).concat(", ").println();
Output:
The first 30 entries of the Yellowstone permutation:
1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 15, 14, 5, 6, 25, 12, 35, 16, 7, 10, 21, 20, 27, 22, 39, 11, 13, 33, 26, 45, 28, 51, 32, 17

Plot using Gnuplot

gnuplot:=System.popen("gnuplot","w");
gnuplot.writeln("unset key; plot '-'"); 
yellowstoneW().pump(1_000, gnuplot.writeln.fp(" "));  // " 1\n", " 2\n", ...
gnuplot.writeln("e");
gnuplot.flush();
ask("Hit return to finish"); gnuplot.close();

Offsite Image: yellowstone