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Task

Write a function/program/subroutine/procedure to sort the characters of a string in lexicographical order.

A character for this purpose should be whatever is natural for your language.

Show the results here on this page. White-space may be optionally removed.

The case (uppercase and lowercase) of any letters should be preserved.

Write the function even if your language has a built-in function for it.

ALGOL 68

As with the Wren, Go and probably other samples, this defines a bubble sort to sort the text. Non-alphabetic characters are retained. <lang algol68>BEGIN

   # returns s with the characters sorted into lexicographic order          #
   OP   LSORT = ( STRING s )STRING:
        BEGIN
           [ 1 : UPB s[ @ 1 ] ]CHAR c := s[ @ 1 ];
           FOR u FROM UPB c - 1 BY -1 TO LWB c
           WHILE
               BOOL sorted := TRUE;
               FOR p FROM LWB c BY 1 TO u DO
                   IF c[ p ] > c[ p + 1 ] THEN
                       CHAR t := c[ p ];
                       c[ p     ] := c[ p + 1 ];
                       c[ p + 1 ] := t;
                       sorted := FALSE
                   FI
               OD;
               NOT sorted
           DO SKIP OD;
           c
        END; # SORT #
   print( ( LSORT "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog, apparently", newline ) )
   print( ( LSORT "Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.", newline ) )

END</lang>

Output:

         ,Taaabcdeeeefghhijkllmnnoooopppqrrrsttuuvwxyyz
               .Naaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy

APL

Works with: Dyalog APL

Output:

      sort 'Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.'
               .Naaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy

Dubbing the following sorting method as "Slacksort". This "Slacksort" method can easily be adapted for reverse sorting, or removing other characters besides space. Not recommended for larger strings though. <lang csharp>using System; using static System.Console; class Program {

 static void Main(string[] args) {
   var nl = "\n";
   var omit_spaces = true;
   var str = "forever ring programming language";
   Write( "working..." + nl );
   Write( "Sort the letters of string in alphabitical order:" + nl );
   Write( "Input: " + str + nl );
   Write( "Output: " );
   for (var ch = omit_spaces ? 33 : 0; ch < 256; ch++)
     foreach (var itm in str)
       if (ch == itm) Console.Write(itm);
   Write( nl + "done..." );
 }

}</lang> Note: this is a bit of a tribute to the original task description and initial Ring entry, so the typographical errors have intentionally not been corrected.

Output:

working...
Sort the letters of string in alphabitical order:
Input: forever ring programming language
Output: aaaeeefgggggiilmmnnnooprrrrruv
done...

F#

<lang fsharp> // Alphabetic sort. Nigel Galloway: July 27th., 2021 let fG n g=let g=g|>Seq.countBy id|>Map.ofSeq in [for n in n->if Map.containsKey n g then [|for g in 1..g.[n]->n|]|>System.String else ""]|>String.concat "" let English=fG ['a';'A';'b';'B';'c';'C';'d';'D';'e';'E';'f';'F';'g';'G';'h';'H';'i';'I';'j';'J';'k';'K';'l';'L';'m';'M';'n';'N';'o';'O';'p';'P';'q';'Q';'r';'R';'s';'S';'t';'T';'u';'U';'v';'V';'w';'W';'x';'X';'y';'Y';'z';'Z'] printfn "%s" (English "baNAnaBAnaNA") </lang>

Output:

aaaAAAbBnnNN

Go

As in the case of the Wren entry, we write a function to bubble sort the characters of a string since this method is not, of course, used in Go's standard 'sort' package. <lang go>package main

import (

   "fmt"
   "strings"

)

func bubbleSort(s string, trim bool) string { // allow optional removal of whitespace

   chars := []rune(s)
   n := len(chars)
   for {
       n2 := 0
       for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
           if chars[i-1] > chars[i] {
               tmp := chars[i]
               chars[i] = chars[i-1]
               chars[i-1] = tmp
               n2 = i
           }
       }
       n = n2
       if n == 0 {
           break
       }
   }
   s = string(chars)
   if trim {
       s = strings.TrimLeft(s, " \t\r\n")
   }
   return s

}

func main() {

   ss := []string{
       "forever go programming language",
       "Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.",
   }
   trims := []bool{true, false}
   for i, s := range ss {
       res := bubbleSort(s, trims[i])
       fmt.Printf("Unsorted->%s\n", s)
       fmt.Printf("Sorted  ->%s\n\n", res)
   }

}</lang>

Output:

Unsorted->forever go programming language
Sorted  ->aaaeeefgggggilmmnnoooprrrruv

Unsorted->Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.
Sorted  ->               .Naaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy

Haskell

<lang haskell>import Data.List (sort)

main :: IO () main =

 print $
   sort
     "Is this misspelling of alphabetical as alphabitical a joke ?"</lang>

Output:

"         ?Iaaaaaaaabbcceeefghhhiiiiiijkllllllmnoopppsssssttt"

Or, sketching a rough re-phrase of the question:

<lang haskell>import Data.List (partition)

main :: IO () main =

 print $
   qSort
     "Is this misspelling of alphabetical as alphabitical a joke ?"

qSort :: (Ord a) => [a] -> [a] qSort [] = [] qSort (x : xs) = qSort below <> (x : qSort above)

 where
   (below, above) = partition (<= x) xs</lang>

Output:

"         ?Iaaaaaaaabbcceeefghhhiiiiiijkllllllmnoopppsssssttt"

Or, just constructing a sorted string from the character counts:

<lang haskell>import qualified Data.Map.Strict as M

MAP OF CHARACTER COUNTS ----------------

charCounts :: String -> M.Map Char Int charCounts =

 foldr (flip (M.insertWith (+)) 1) M.empty

TEST -------------------------

main :: IO () main =

 ( print
     . (uncurry (flip replicate) =<<)
     . M.toList
     . charCounts
 )
   "Was the misspelling of alphabetical as alphabitical a joke ?"</lang>

Output:

"         ?Waaaaaaaaabbcceeeefghhhiiiiijkllllllmnoopppssssttt"

jq

Works with: jq

Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq

An efficient way to sort an arbitrary JSON string is to use the code points of the constituent characters: <lang jq> def sort_by_codepoints:

 explode | sort | implode;</lang>

For example: <lang jq>"Is this misspelling of alphabetical as alphabitical a joke ?"

| sort_by_codepoints</lang>produces

"         ?Iaaaaaaaabbcceeefghhhiiiiiijkllllllmnoopppsssssttt"

An alternative definition using `sort` on the characters themselves:

<lang>def sort_by_characters:

 explode | map([.]|implode) | sort | add;</lang>Are these definitions the same?<lang jq>def dingbats:
 "✁✂✃✄✆✇✈✉✌✍✎✏✐✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✜✝✞✟✠✡✢✣✤✥✦✧✩✪✫✬✭✮✯✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✷✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✿❀❁❂❃❄❅❆❇❈❉❊❋❍❏❐❑❒❖❘❙❚❛❜❝❞❡❢❣❤❥❦❧❶❷❸❹❺❻❼❽❾❿➀➁➂➃➄➅➆➇➈➉➊➋➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓➔➘➙➚➛➜➝";

"Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.", "Is this misspelling of alphabetical as alphabitical a joke ?", dingbats | (sort_by_codepoints==sort_by_characters) </lang>produces

true
true
true

Julia

<lang julia>function mergesort!(array)

   middle = div(length(array), 2)
   middle == 0 && return array

   mergesort!(@view array[begin:middle])
   mergesort!(@view array[middle+1:end])

   merge!(array[begin:middle], array[middle+1:end], array)
   return array

end

function merge!(arr1, arr2, ret)

   left, right, i = 1, 1, 1
   while left <= length(arr1) && right <= length(arr2)
       if arr1[left] <= arr2[right]
           ret[i] = arr1[left]
           i += 1
           left += 1
       else
           ret[i] = arr2[right]
           i += 1
           right += 1
       end
   end

   if left <= length(arr1)
       ret[i:end] .= arr1[left:end]
   end
   if right <= length(arr2)
       ret[i:end] .= arr2[right:end]
   end

end

mergesort(arr) = mergesort!(deepcopy(arr)) mergesort(str::String) = String(mergesort(collect(str)))

function testmergesort(s::String, stripws= true)

   println("Unsorted -> ", s)
   println("Sorted   -> ", stripws ? strip(mergesort(s)) : mergesort(s))

end

testmergesort("forever julia programming language") testmergesort("Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.", false)

</lang>

Output:

Unsorted -> forever julia programming language
Sorted   -> aaaaeeefggggiijllmmnnooprrrruuv
Unsorted -> Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.
Sorted   ->                .Naaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy

case insensitive quicksort

<lang julia>function qsort(array)

   length(array) < 2 && return array
   mid, left, right  = first(array), eltype(array)[], eltype(array)[]
   for elem in @view array[begin+1:end]
       push!(lowercase(elem) < lowercase(mid) ? left : right, elem)
   end
   return vcat(qsort(left), mid, qsort(right))

end

qsort(str::String) = str |> collect |> qsort |> String

function testqsort(s::String, stripws= true)

   println("Unsorted -> ", s)
   println("Sorted   -> ", stripws ? strip(qsort(s)) : qsort(s))

end

testqsort("forever julia programming language") testqsort("Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.")

</lang>

Output:

Unsorted -> forever julia programming language
Sorted   -> aaaaeeefggggiijllmmnnooprrrruuv
Unsorted -> Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.
Sorted   ->                .aaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmNnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy

Phix

Not sure this algorithm actually has a name, but it certainly ain't the fastest, though it possibly is just about the shortest...
(If pressed I would dub this "Unoptimised bubble sort without the swapped flag")

with javascript_semantics
function string_sort(string s)
    integer temp
    for n=1 to length(s)-1 do
        for m=n+1 to length(s) do
            if s[n]>s[m] then
                temp = s[n]
                s[n] = s[m]
                s[m] = temp
            end if
        end for
    end for
    return s
end function
string s = "Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country."
printf(1,"Original:\"%s\",\n  Sorted:\"%s\"\n Builtin:\"%s\"\n",{s,string_sort(s),sort(s)})

Output:

Original:"Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.",
  Sorted:"               .Naaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy"
 Builtin:"               .Naaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy"

case insensitive

You can make this case insensitive by applying lower() on each internal comparison, whereas with the builtins that is done (more efficiently) by extracting a custom tagsort.
(Just to keep you on your toes I've also replaced the algorithm with a fractionaly saner insertion sort, and just to be awkward I've added the baNAnaBAnaNA case.)

with javascript_semantics
function string_sort(string s)
    for i=2 to length(s) do
        integer j = i, sj = s[j]
        while j>=2 and lower(sj)<lower(s[j-1]) do
            s[j] = s[j-1]
            j -= 1
        end while
        s[j] = sj
    end for
    return s
end function

procedure test(string s)
    string cia = extract(s,custom_sort(lower(s),tagset(length(s))))
    printf(1,"Original:\"%s\",\n  Sorted:\"%s\"\n Builtin:\"%s\"\n",{s,string_sort(s),cia})
end procedure
test("Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.")
test("baNAnaBAnaNA") -- (just to be awkward)

Output:

Original:"Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.",
  Sorted:"               .aaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmNnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy"
 Builtin:"               .aaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmNnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy"
Original:"baNAnaBAnaNA",
  Sorted:"aAaAaAbBNnnN"
 Builtin:"aAaAaAbBNnnN"

Should you want/prefer the output of baNAnaBAnaNA to be AAAaaaBaNNnn, change the test (leaving the builtin/cia as an exercise) to

        while j>=2 and (lower(sj)<lower(s[j-1]) or sj=s[j-1]-32) do

Or of course for aaaAAAbBnnNN use

        while j>=2 and (lower(sj)<lower(s[j-1]) or sj-32=s[j-1]) do

Python

<lang python>Sorted string

from functools import reduce

qSort :: [a] -> [a]

def qSort(xs):

   Sorted elements of the list xs, where the values
      of xs are assumed to be of some orderable type.
   
   if xs:
       h = xs[0]
       below, above = partition(
           lambda v: v <= h
       )(xs[1:])

       return qSort(below) + [h] + qSort(above)
   else:
       return []

------------------------- TEST -------------------------

def main():

   A character-sorted version of a test string
   
   print(quoted('"')(
       .join(qSort(list(
           "Is this misspelling of alphabetical as alphabitical a joke ?"
       )))
   ))

----------------------- GENERIC ------------------------

partition :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> ([a], [a])

def partition(p):

   The pair of lists of those elements in xs
      which respectively do, and don't
      satisfy the predicate p.
   
   def go(a, x):
       ts, fs = a
       return (ts + [x], fs) if p(x) else (ts, fs + [x])
   return lambda xs: reduce(go, xs, ([], []))

quoted :: Char -> String -> String

def quoted(c):

   A string flanked on both sides
      by a specified quote character.
   
   return lambda s: c + s + c

MAIN ---

if __name__ == '__main__':

   main()</lang>

Output:

"         ?Iaaaaaaaabbcceeefghhhiiiiiijkllllllmnoopppsssssttt"

Raku

Semi-realistic version

<lang perl6>sub sort_within_string ( $_ is copy ) {

   constant @lexographic_order = sort *.fc, map &chr, 1..255;

   return join , gather for @lexographic_order -> $l {
       my $count = s:g/$l//;
       take $l x $count;
       LAST { warn "Original string had non-ASCII chars: {.raku}" if .chars }
   }

} say trim .&sort_within_string for q:to/END/.lines; The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog, apparently Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country. END </lang>

Output:

,aaabcdeeeefghhijkllmnnoooopppqrrrsTttuuvwxyyz
.aaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmNnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy

Following the actual task title / description

Following a strict interpretation of the actual task title and description.

Sorts letters. Only letters. Into alphabetical order. Regardless of case. EVERYTHING else is ignored / pushed to the end of the "sorted" string. Not ASCII order. Not EBCDIC order. Only alphabetical order. If it ain't in the alphabet, it ain't sorted.
Sorts letters of the string two characters at a time as a string. No breaking up the string into a list or array, sorting that then joining back together; or picking characters out of a string to generate a new string. Sorts a string, as a string, in place.

Sorted output is wrapped in double guillemots to make it easier to see where it starts and ends.

<lang perl6>sub moronic-sort ($string is copy) {

   my $chars = $string.chars;
   loop {
       for ^$chars {
           if ($string.substr($_, 1).fc gt $string.substr($_ + 1, 1).fc and $string.substr($_ + 1, 1) ~~ /<:L>/)
              or $string.substr($_, 1) ~~ /<:!L>/ {
               $string = $string.substr(0, $_) ~ $string.substr($_ , 2).flip ~ $string.substr($_ + 2 min $chars);
           }
       }
       last if $++ >= $chars;
   }
   $string

}

sub wrap ($whatever) { '»»' ~ $whatever ~ '««' }

Test sort the exact string as specified in the task title.

say "moronic-sort 'string'\n" ~ wrap moronic-sort 'string';

Other tests demonstrating the extent of the stupidity of this task.

say "\nLonger test sentence\n" ~ wrap moronic-sort q[This is a moronic sort. It's only concerned with sorting letters, so everything else is pretty much ignored / pushed to the end. It also doesn't much care about letter case, so there is no upper / lower case differentiation.];

say "\nExtended test string:\n" ~ my $test = (32..126)».chr.pick(*).join; say wrap moronic-sort $test;</lang>

Output:

moronic-sort 'string'
»»ginrst««

Longer test sentence
»»aaaaaaabccccccccddddddeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeffggghhhhhhhhiiiIiiiiiIiiiillllllmmmnnnnnnnnnnnnoooooooooooooooopppprrrrrrrrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssTtttttttttttttttttttuuuuuvwwyyy    ,      /   .    . '     ,        /    .   ' ««

Extended test string:
!kjyxAa+,LGh_8?3lXEwW-D]Ku|SY[@VF\.op{=q>MT 1tJ/$nN(Z*%&9^v57")`PCiOHQe'RUb<gs;6}#cfmrzd42B~0I:
»»AabBCcDdEeFfGghHiIjJkKLlMmnNoOpPqQRrSsTtuUVvwWxXyYZz[@\.{=> 1/$(*%&9^57")`'<;6}#42~0:!+,_8?3-]|««

REXX

For REXX, it is normally faster to convert a string of characters to a one─character array of characters,
sort the array, and then convert the array back to a (simple) string.

A simple bubble sort is used for this example.

The particular string used is from a typing drill devised by Charles E. Weller in the early 20th century. <lang rexx>/*REXX program sorts an array (of any kind of items) using the bubble─sort algorithm.*/ parse arg y /*generate the array elements (items).*/ if y= then y= "Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country."

            say 'before sort: ───►'y"◄───"      /*show the  before string of characters*/

call make@ y /*convert a string into an array (@.) */ call bSort # /*invoke the bubble sort with # items.*/ call makeS /*convert an array (@.) into a string. */

            say ' after sort: ───►'$"◄───"      /*show the  before string of characters*/

exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ bSort: procedure expose @.; parse arg n /*N: is the number of @ array elements.*/

        do m=n-1  by -1  until ok;        ok= 1 /*keep sorting the  @ array until done.*/
          do j=1  for m;  k= j+1;  if @.j<=@.k  then iterate      /*elements in order? */
          _= @.j;  @.j= @.k;  @.k= _;     ok= 0 /*swap two elements;  flag as not done.*/
          end   /*j*/
        end     /*m*/;               return

/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ make@: parse arg z; #= length(z); do j=1 for #; @.j= substr(z, j, 1); end; return makeS: parse arg a; $=; do j=1 for #; $= $ || @.j; end; return</lang>

output when using the default input:

before sort: ───►Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.◄───
 after sort: ───►               .Naaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy◄───

Ring

<lang ring> see "working..." + nl see "Sort the letters of string in alphabitical order:" + nl str = "forever ring programming language" see "Input: " + str + nl

for n = 1 to len(str)-1

   for m = n+1 to len(str)
       if ascii(str[n]) > ascii(str[m])
          temp = str[n]
          str[n] = str[m]
          str[m] = temp
       ok
   next

Output:

working...
Sort the letters of string in alphabitical order:
Input: forever ring programming language
Output: aaaeeefgggggiilmmnnnooprrrrruv
done...

Wren

Well, we'll write a function for a bubble sort which we don't have in Wren-sort because it's normally much slower than the other methods. However, it's fast enough here. <lang ecmascript>var bubbleSort = Fn.new { |s, trim| // allow optional removal of whitespace

   var chars = s.toList
   var n = chars.count
   while (true) {
       var n2 = 0
       for (i in 1...n) {
           if (chars[i - 1].codePoints[0] > chars[i].codePoints[0]) {
               chars.swap(i, i - 1)
               n2 = i
           }
       }
       n = n2
       if (n == 0) break
   }
   s = chars.join()
   return trim ? s.trim() : s

}

var strs = [

   ["forever wren programming language", true],
   ["Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.", false]

] for (str in strs) {

   System.print(["Unsorted->" + str[0], "Sorted  ->" + bubbleSort.call(str[0], str[1])].join("\n"))
   System.print()

}</lang>

Output:

Unsorted->forever wren programming language
Sorted  ->aaaeeeefggggilmmnnnooprrrrruvw

Unsorted->Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.
Sorted  ->               .Naaccddeeeeeeffghhhiiiillmmmnnooooooooorrrstttttttuwy

XPL0

<lang XPL0>string 0; \use zero-terminated strings

func StrLen(Str); \Return number of characters in an ASCIIZ string char Str; int I; for I:= 0 to -1>>1 do

       if Str(I) = 0 then return I;

func Sort(Str); \Bubble sort string Str char Str; int J, I, T; [for J:= StrLen(Str)-1 downto 0 do

   for I:= 0 to J-1 do
       if Str(I) > Str(I+1) then
           [T:= Str(I);  Str(I):= Str(I+1);  Str(I+1):= T];

return Str; ];

[Text(0, Sort("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.")); CrLf(0); Text(0, Sort("Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.")); CrLf(0); ]</lang>

Output:

        .Tabcdeeefghhijklmnoooopqrrstuuvwxyz
       .Pabcdeefghiiijklmnoooqrstuuvwxyz

@@ Line 299: / Line 299: @@
 testqsort("forever julia programming language")
-testqsort("Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.", false)
+testqsort("Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.")
 </lang>{{out}}
 <pre>