Pentagram

From Rosetta Code
Task
Pentagram
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

A pentagram is a star polygon, consisting of a central pentagon of which each side forms the base of an isosceles triangle. The vertex of each triangle, a point of the star, is 36 degrees.

Task

Draw (or print) a regular pentagram, in any orientation. Use a different color (or token) for stroke and fill, and background. For the fill it should be assumed that all points inside the triangles and the pentagon are inside the pentagram.

See also



Action!

INCLUDE "D2:REAL.ACT" ;from the Action! Tool Kit

DEFINE REALPTR="CARD"
TYPE PointR=[REALPTR x,y]

INT ARRAY SinTab=[
  0 4 9 13 18 22 27 31 36 40 44 49 53 58 62 66 71 75 79 83
  88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 139 143
  147 150 154 158 161 165 168 171 175 178 181 184 187 190
  193 196 199 202 204 207 210 212 215 217 219 222 224 226
  228 230 232 234 236 237 239 241 242 243 245 246 247 248
  249 250 251 252 253 254 254 255 255 255 256 256 256 256]

INT FUNC Sin(INT a)
  WHILE a<0 DO a==+360 OD
  WHILE a>360 DO a==-360 OD
  IF a<=90 THEN
    RETURN (SinTab(a))
  ELSEIF a<=180 THEN
    RETURN (SinTab(180-a))
  ELSEIF a<=270 THEN
    RETURN (-SinTab(a-180))
  ELSE
    RETURN (-SinTab(360-a))
  FI
RETURN (0)

INT FUNC Cos(INT a)
RETURN (Sin(a-90))

PROC Det(REAL POINTER x1,y1,x2,y2,res)
  REAL tmp1,tmp2

  RealMult(x1,y2,tmp1)
  RealMult(y1,x2,tmp2)
  RealSub(tmp1,tmp2,res)
RETURN

BYTE FUNC IsZero(REAL POINTER a)
  CHAR ARRAY s(10)

  StrR(a,s)
  IF s(0)=1 AND s(1)='0 THEN
    RETURN (1)
  FI
RETURN (0)

BYTE FUNC Intersection(PointR POINTER p1,p2,p3,p4,res)
  REAL det1,det2,dx1,dx2,dy1,dy2,nom,denom

  Det(p1.x,p1.y,p2.x,p2.y,det1)
  Det(p3.x,p3.y,p4.x,p4.y,det2)
  RealSub(p1.x,p2.x,dx1)
  RealSub(p1.y,p2.y,dy1)
  RealSub(p3.x,p4.x,dx2)
  RealSub(p3.y,p4.y,dy2)
  Det(dx1,dy1,dx2,dy2,denom)
  
  IF IsZero(denom) THEN
    RETURN (0)
  FI
  
  Det(det1,dx1,det2,dx2,nom)
  RealDiv(nom,denom,res.x)
  Det(det1,dy1,det2,dy2,nom)
  RealDiv(nom,denom,res.y)
RETURN (1)

PROC FloodFill(BYTE x0,y0)
  BYTE ARRAY xs(300),ys(300)
  INT first,last

  first=0 last=0
  xs(first)=x0
  ys(first)=y0

  WHILE first<=last
  DO
    x0=xs(first) y0=ys(first)
    first==+1
    IF Locate(x0,y0)=0 THEN
      Plot(x0,y0)
      IF Locate(x0-1,y0)=0 THEN
        last==+1 xs(last)=x0-1 ys(last)=y0
      FI
      IF Locate(x0+1,y0)=0 THEN
        last==+1 xs(last)=x0+1 ys(last)=y0
      FI
      IF Locate(x0,y0-1)=0 THEN
        last==+1 xs(last)=x0 ys(last)=y0-1
      FI
      IF Locate(x0,y0+1)=0 THEN
        last==+1 xs(last)=x0 ys(last)=y0+1
      FI
    FI
  OD
RETURN

PROC Pentagram(INT x0,y0,r,a0 BYTE c1,c2)
  INT ARRAY xs(16),ys(16)
  INT angle
  BYTE i
  PointR p1,p2,p3,p4,p
  REAL p1x,p1y,p2x,p2y,p3x,p3y,p4x,p4y,px,py
  
  p1.x=p1x p1.y=p1y
  p2.x=p2x p2.y=p2y
  p3.x=p3x p3.y=p3y
  p4.x=p4x p4.y=p4y
  p.x=px p.y=py

  ;outer points
  angle=a0
  FOR i=0 TO 4
  DO
    xs(i)=r*Sin(angle)/256+x0
    ys(i)=r*Cos(angle)/256+y0
    angle==+144
  OD

  ;intersection points
  FOR i=0 TO 4
  DO
    IntToReal(xs(i MOD 5),p1x)
    IntToReal(ys(i MOD 5),p1y)
    IntToReal(xs((1+i) MOD 5),p2x)
    IntToReal(ys((1+i) MOD 5),p2y)
    IntToReal(xs((2+i) MOD 5),p3x)
    IntToReal(ys((2+i) MOD 5),p3y)
    IntToReal(xs((3+i) MOD 5),p4x)
    IntToReal(ys((3+i) MOD 5),p4y)
    Intersection(p1,p2,p3,p4,p)
    xs(5+i)=RealToInt(px)
    ys(5+i)=RealToInt(py)
  OD

  ;centers of triangles
  FOR i=0 TO 4
  DO
    xs(10+i)=(xs(i)+xs(5+i)+xs(5+(i+2) MOD 5))/3
    ys(10+i)=(ys(i)+ys(5+i)+ys(5+(i+2) MOD 5))/3
  OD

  ;center of pentagon
  xs(15)=0 ys(15)=0
  FOR i=5 TO 9
  DO
    xs(15)==+xs(i)
    ys(15)==+ys(i)
  OD
  xs(15)==/5 ys(15)==/5
  
  ;draw lines
  COLOR=c1
  FOR i=0 TO 5
  DO
    IF i=0 THEN
      Plot(xs(i MOD 5),ys(i MOD 5))
    ELSE
      DrawTo(xs(i MOD 5),ys(i MOD 5))
    FI
  OD

  ;fill
  COLOR=c2
  FOR i=10 TO 15
  DO
    FloodFill(xs(i),ys(i))
  OD
RETURN

PROC Main()
  BYTE CH=$02FC

  Graphics(7+16)
  SetColor(0,8,4)
  SetColor(1,8,8)
  SetColor(2,8,12)
  Pentagram(40,48,40,0,1,2)
  Pentagram(119,48,40,15,2,3)

  DO UNTIL CH#$FF OD
  CH=$FF
RETURN
Output:

Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer

Ada

Library: SDLAda
with Ada.Numerics.Elementary_Functions;

with SDL.Video.Windows.Makers;
with SDL.Video.Renderers.Makers;
with SDL.Video.Rectangles;
with SDL.Events.Events;

procedure Pentagram is

   Width  : constant := 600;
   Height : constant := 600;
   Offset : constant := 300.0;
   Radius : constant := 250.0;

   use SDL.Video.Rectangles;
   use SDL.C;

   Window   : SDL.Video.Windows.Window;
   Renderer : SDL.Video.Renderers.Renderer;
   Event    : SDL.Events.Events.Events;

   type Node_Id is mod 5;
   Nodes : array (Node_Id) of Point;

   procedure Calculate is
      use Ada.Numerics.Elementary_Functions;
   begin
      for I in Nodes'Range loop
         Nodes (I) := (X => int (Offset + Radius * Sin (Float (I), Cycle => 5.0)),
                       Y => int (Offset - Radius * Cos (Float (I), Cycle => 5.0)));
      end loop;
   end Calculate;

   function Orient_2D (A, B, C : Point) return int is
      ((B.X - A.X) * (C.Y - A.Y) - (B.Y - A.Y) * (C.X - A.X));

   procedure Fill is
      Count : Natural;
   begin
      for Y in int (Offset - Radius) .. int (Offset + Radius) loop
         for X in int (Offset - Radius) .. int (Offset + Radius) loop
            Count := 0;
            for Node in Nodes'Range loop
               Count := Count +
                 (if Orient_2D (Nodes (Node), Nodes (Node + 2), (X, Y)) > 0 then 1 else 0);
            end loop;
            if Count in 4 .. 5 then
               Renderer.Draw (Point => (X, Y));
            end if;
         end loop;
      end loop;
   end Fill;

   procedure Draw_Outline is
   begin
      for Node in Nodes'Range loop
         Renderer.Draw (Line => (Nodes (Node), Nodes (Node + 2)));
      end loop;
   end Draw_Outline;

   procedure Wait is
      use type SDL.Events.Event_Types;
   begin
      loop
         SDL.Events.Events.Wait (Event);
         exit when Event.Common.Event_Type = SDL.Events.Quit;
      end loop;
   end Wait;

begin
   if not SDL.Initialise (Flags => SDL.Enable_Screen) then
      return;
   end if;

   SDL.Video.Windows.Makers.Create (Win      => Window,
                                    Title    => "Pentagram",
                                    Position => SDL.Natural_Coordinates'(X => 10, Y => 10),
                                    Size     => SDL.Positive_Sizes'(Width, Height),
                                    Flags    => 0);
   SDL.Video.Renderers.Makers.Create (Renderer, Window.Get_Surface);
   Renderer.Set_Draw_Colour ((0, 0, 0, 255));
   Renderer.Fill (Rectangle => (0, 0, Width, Height));

   Calculate;
   Renderer.Set_Draw_Colour ((50, 50, 150, 255));
   Fill;
   Renderer.Set_Draw_Colour ((0, 220, 0, 255));
   Draw_Outline;
   Window.Update_Surface;

   Wait;
   Window.Finalize;
   SDL.Finalise;
end Pentagram;

AutoHotkey

#Include Gdip.ahk	; https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=6517
Width :=A_ScreenWidth, Height := A_ScreenHeight
Gui, 1: +E0x20 +Caption +E0x80000 +LastFound +AlwaysOnTop +ToolWindow +OwnDialogs
Gui, 1: Show, NA
hwnd1 := WinExist()
OnExit, Exit

If !pToken := Gdip_Startup()
{
	MsgBox, 48, gdiplus error!, Gdiplus failed to start.
	. Please ensure you have gdiplus on your system
	ExitApp
}

hbm := CreateDIBSection(Width, Height)
hdc := CreateCompatibleDC()
obm := SelectObject(hdc, hbm)
G := Gdip_GraphicsFromHDC(hdc)
Gdip_SetSmoothingMode(G, 4)
pBrush 	:= Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xFF6495ED)
pPen 	:= Gdip_CreatePen(0xff000000, 3)

;---------------------------------
LL := 165
Cx := Floor(A_ScreenWidth/2)
Cy := Floor(A_ScreenHeight/2)
phi := 54
;---------------------------------
loop, 5
{
	theta := abs(180-144-phi)
	p1x := Floor(Cx + LL * Cos(phi * 0.01745329252))
	p1y := Floor(Cy + LL * Sin(phi * 0.01745329252))
	p2x := Floor(Cx - LL * Cos(theta * 0.01745329252))
	p2y := Floor(Cy - LL * Sin(theta * 0.01745329252))
	phi+= 72
	Gdip_FillPolygon(G, pBrush, p1x "," p1y "|" Cx "," Cy "|" p2x "," p2y)
}
loop, 5
{
	theta := abs(180-144-phi)
	p1x := Floor(Cx + LL * Cos(phi * 0.01745329252))
	p1y := Floor(Cy + LL * Sin(phi * 0.01745329252))
	p2x := Floor(Cx - LL * Cos(theta * 0.01745329252))
	p2y := Floor(Cy - LL * Sin(theta * 0.01745329252))
	phi+= 72
	Gdip_DrawLines(G, pPen, p1x "," p1y "|" p2x "," p2y ) ; "|" Cx "," Cy )
}
UpdateLayeredWindow(hwnd1, hdc, 0, 0, Width, Height)
Gdip_DeleteBrush(pBrush)
SelectObject(hdc, obm)
DeleteObject(hbm)
DeleteDC(hdc)
Gdip_DeleteGraphics(G)
return
;----------------------------------------------------------------------
Esc::
Exit:
Gdip_Shutdown(pToken)
ExitApp
Return

BASIC

Applesoft BASIC

100 XO = 140
110 YO = 96
120 S = 90
130 B = 7
140 F = 6
150 C = 4
200 POKE 230,64
210 HCOLOR= B
220 HPLOT 0,0
230 CALL 62454
240 A = 49232
250 I =  PEEK (A + 7) +  PEEK (A + 2)
260 I =  PEEK (A + 5) +  PEEK (A)
300 SX = S
310 SY = S
320 PI = 3.1415926535
330 E = PI * 4
340 S = PI / 1.25
350 X =  SIN (0)
360 Y =  COS (0)
370 HCOLOR= F
380 PX = XO + X * SX
390 PY = YO - Y * SY
400 FOR I = 0 TO E STEP S
410     X =  SIN (I)
420     Y =  COS (I)
430     FOR J = 0 TO SX
440         HPLOT PX,PY TO XO + X * J,YO - Y * J
450     NEXT J
460     PX = XO + X * SX
470     PY = YO - Y * SY
480 NEXT I
500 HCOLOR= C
510 PX = XO + X * SX
520 PY = YO - Y * SY
600 FOR I = S TO E STEP S
610     X =  SIN (I)
620     Y =  COS (I)
630     HPLOT PX,PY TO XO + X * SX,YO - Y * SY
640     HPLOT PX + 1,PY TO XO + X * SX + 1,YO - Y * SY
650     HPLOT PX,PY + 1 TO XO + X * SX,YO - Y * SY + 1
660     HPLOT PX + 1,PY + 1 TO XO + X * SX + 1,YO - Y * SY + 1
670     PX = XO + X * SX
680     PY = YO - Y * SY
690 NEXT I

IS-BASIC

100 PROGRAM "Pentagra.bas"
110 OPTION ANGLE DEGREES
120 GRAPHICS HIRES 4
130 SET PALETTE BLUE,CYAN,YELLOW,BLACK
140 PLOT 640,700,ANGLE 288;
150 FOR I=1 TO 5
160   PLOT FORWARD 700,RIGHT 144;
170 NEXT
180 SET INK 3
190 SET BEAM OFF:PLOT 0,0,PAINT

VBA

Sub pentagram()
    With ActiveSheet.Shapes.AddShape(msoShape5pointStar, 10, 10, 400, 400)
        .Fill.ForeColor.RGB = RGB(255, 0, 0)
        .Line.Weight = 3
        .Line.ForeColor.RGB = RGB(0, 0, 255)
    End With
End Sub

C

Interactive program which takes the side lengths of the pentagram's core, it's arms and the colours for filling the background, drawing the figure and then filling it in. Requires the WinBGIm library.

#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>

#define pi M_PI

int main(){
	
	char colourNames[][14] = { "BLACK", "BLUE", "GREEN", "CYAN", "RED", "MAGENTA", "BROWN", "LIGHTGRAY", "DARKGRAY",
              "LIGHTBLUE", "LIGHTGREEN", "LIGHTCYAN", "LIGHTRED", "LIGHTMAGENTA", "YELLOW", "WHITE" };
			  
	int stroke=0,fill=0,back=0,i;
	
	double centerX = 300,centerY = 300,coreSide,armLength,pentaLength;
	
	printf("Enter core pentagon side length : ");
	scanf("%lf",&coreSide);
	
	printf("Enter pentagram arm length : ");
	scanf("%lf",&armLength);
	
	printf("Available colours are :\n");
	
	for(i=0;i<16;i++){
		printf("%d. %s\t",i+1,colourNames[i]);
		if((i+1) % 3 == 0){
			printf("\n");
		}
	}
	
	while(stroke==fill && fill==back){
		printf("\nEnter three diffrenet options for stroke, fill and background : ");
		scanf("%d%d%d",&stroke,&fill,&back);
	}
	
	pentaLength = coreSide/(2 * tan(pi/5)) + sqrt(armLength*armLength - coreSide*coreSide/4);
	
	initwindow(2*centerX,2*centerY,"Pentagram");
		
	setcolor(stroke-1);
	
	setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,back-1);
	
	bar(0,0,2*centerX,2*centerY);
	
	floodfill(centerX,centerY,back-1);
	
	setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,fill-1);

	for(i=0;i<5;i++){
		line(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + coreSide*cos((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)));
		line(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + pentaLength*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5),centerY + pentaLength*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5));
		line(centerX + coreSide*cos((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + pentaLength*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5),centerY + pentaLength*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5));
		
		floodfill(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/10)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/10)/(2*sin(pi/5)),stroke-1);
	}
	
	floodfill(centerX,centerY,stroke-1);
	
	getch();
	
	closegraph();
}

Delphi

Library: Vcl.Forms
Library: System.Math
unit Main;

interface

uses
    Winapi.Windows, Vcl.Graphics, Vcl.Forms, System.Math;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
  private
    procedure DrawPentagram(len, x, y: Integer; fill, stoke: TColor);
    { Private declarations }
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;
  degrees144: double;
  degrees72: double;
  degrees18: double;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  ClientHeight := 640;
  ClientWidth := 640;
  degrees144 := DegToRad(144);
  degrees72 := DegToRad(72);
  degrees18 := DegToRad(18);
end;

procedure CreatePolygon(len, x, y, n: integer; ang: double; var points: TArray<TPoint>);
var
  angle: Double;
  index, i, x2, y2: Integer;
begin
  angle := 0;
  index := 0;
  SetLength(points, n + 1);
  points[index].Create(x, y);

  for i := 1 to n do
  begin
    x2 := x + round(len * cos(angle));
    y2 := y + round(len * sin(-angle));
    x := x2;
    y := y2;
    angle := angle - ang;

    points[index].Create(x2, y2);
    inc(index);
  end;
  points[index].Create(points[0]);
end;

procedure TForm1.DrawPentagram(len, x, y: Integer; fill, stoke: TColor);
var
  points, points_internal: TArray<TPoint>;
  L, H: Integer;
begin
  // Calc of sides for draw internal pollygon
  // 2H+L = len -> 2H = len - L
  // L = 2H*sin(36/2) (Pythagorean theorem)
  // L = (len-L)sin(18)
  // L = len*sin(18)/[1+sin(18)]

  L := round(len * sin(degrees18) / (1 + sin(degrees18)));

  // H = (len - L)/2

  H := (len - L) div 2;

  CreatePolygon(L, x + H, y, 5, degrees72, points_internal);
  CreatePolygon(len, x, y, 5, degrees144, points);

  with Canvas, Canvas.Brush do
  begin
    with pen do
    begin
      Color := stoke;
      Style := psSolid;
      Width := 5;
    end;
    Color := fill;
    Polygon(points_internal);
    Polygon(points);
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
begin
  with Canvas, Brush do
  begin
    Style := bsSolid;
    Color := clWhite;
    // fill background with white
    FillRect(ClientRect);
  end;
  drawPentagram(500, 70, 250, $ED9564, clDkGray);
end;

end.

form code:

object Form1: TForm1
  OnCreate = FormCreate
  OnPaint = FormPaint
end


EasyLang

Run it

xp = 10
yp = 60
linewidth 2
move xp yp
while angle < 720
   x = xp + cos angle * 80
   y = yp + sin -angle * 80
   line x y
   f[] &= x
   f[] &= y
   xp = x
   yp = y
   angle += 144
.
color 900
polygon f[]

Go

Library: Go Graphics
package main

import (
    "github.com/fogleman/gg"
    "math"
)

func Pentagram(x, y, r float64) []gg.Point {
    points := make([]gg.Point, 5)
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        fi := float64(i)
        angle := 2*math.Pi*fi/5 - math.Pi/2
        points[i] = gg.Point{x + r*math.Cos(angle), y + r*math.Sin(angle)}
    }
    return points
}

func main() {
    points := Pentagram(320, 320, 250)
    dc := gg.NewContext(640, 640)
    dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) // White
    dc.Clear()
    for i := 0; i <= 5; i++ {
        index := (i * 2) % 5
        p := points[index]
        dc.LineTo(p.X, p.Y)
    }
    dc.SetHexColor("#6495ED") // Cornflower Blue
    dc.SetFillRule(gg.FillRuleWinding)
    dc.FillPreserve()
    dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 0) // Black
    dc.SetLineWidth(5)
    dc.Stroke()
    dc.SavePNG("pentagram.png")
}
Output:
The image produced is similar to that of the Java entry.

Haskell

This uses the Diagrams library to create an SVG drawing. Compiling, then running it like:

pentagram -w 400 -o pentagram_hs.svg

creates a 400x400 SVG file.

-- Extract the vertices of a pentagon, re-ordering them so that drawing lines
-- from one to the next forms a pentagram.  Set the line's thickness and its
-- colour, as well as the fill and background colours.  Make the background a
-- bit larger than the pentagram.

import Diagrams.Prelude
import Diagrams.Backend.SVG.CmdLine

pentagram = let [a, b, c, d, e] = trailVertices $ pentagon 1
            in [a, c, e, b, d]
               # fromVertices
               # closeTrail
               # strokeTrail
               # lw ultraThick
               # fc springgreen
               # lc blue
               # bgFrame 0.2 bisque

main = mainWith (pentagram :: Diagram B)

J

Probably the simplest approach is:

require'plot'
plot j./2 1 o./180p_1 %~ 144*i. 6

This will give a pentagram with a blue border and a white interior.

example

Java

Works with: Java version 8
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.Path2D;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Pentagram extends JPanel {

    final double degrees144 = Math.toRadians(144);

    public Pentagram() {
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640));
        setBackground(Color.white);
    }

    private void drawPentagram(Graphics2D g, int len, int x, int y,
            Color fill, Color stroke) {
        double angle = 0;

        Path2D p = new Path2D.Float();
        p.moveTo(x, y);

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            int x2 = x + (int) (Math.cos(angle) * len);
            int y2 = y + (int) (Math.sin(-angle) * len);
            p.lineTo(x2, y2);
            x = x2;
            y = y2;
            angle -= degrees144;
        }
        p.closePath();

        g.setColor(fill);
        g.fill(p);

        g.setColor(stroke);
        g.draw(p);
    }

    @Override
    public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) {
        super.paintComponent(gg);
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg;

        g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);

        g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(5, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, 0));

        drawPentagram(g, 500, 70, 250, new Color(0x6495ED), Color.darkGray);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame f = new JFrame();
            f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            f.setTitle("Pentagram");
            f.setResizable(false);
            f.add(new Pentagram(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
            f.pack();
            f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            f.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

jq

Works with: jq

Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq

This entry produces SVG output which, if placed in a file with suffix .svg, can be viewed directly in most browsers.

Notice that the size of an appropriate SVG viewBox is computed.

# Input: {svg, minx, miny, maxx, maxy}
def svg:
  # viewBox = <min-x> <min-y> <width> <height>
  "<svg viewBox='\(.minx - 4|floor) \(.miny - 4 |floor) \(6 + .maxx - .minx|ceil) \(6 + .maxy - .miny|ceil)'",
  "     preserveAspectRatio='xMinYmin meet'",
  "     xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' >",
  .svg,
  "</svg>" ;

# Input: an array of [x,y] points
def minmax:
  {minx: (map(.[0])|min),
   miny: (map(.[1])|min),
   maxx: (map(.[0])|max),
   maxy: (map(.[1])|max)} ;

# Input: an array of [x,y] points
def Polyline($fill; $stroke; $transform):
  def rnd: 1000*.|round/1000;
  def linearize: map( map(rnd) | join(" ") ) | join(", ");

  "<polyline points='"
   + linearize
   + "'\n style='fill:\($fill); stroke: \($stroke); stroke-width:3;'"
   + "\n transform='\($transform)' />" ;

# Output: {minx, miny, maxx, maxy, svg}
def pentagram($dim):
  (8 * (1|atan)) as $tau
  | 5 as $sides
  | [ (0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 0)
     | [  0.9 * $dim * (($tau * $v / $sides) | cos),
          0.9 * $dim * (($tau * $v / $sides) | sin) ] ]
  | minmax 
    + {svg: Polyline("seashell"; "blue"; "rotate(-18)" )} ;

pentagram(200)
| svg
Output:
<svg viewBox='-150 -176 332 349'
     preserveAspectRatio='xMinYmin meet'
     xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' >
<polyline points='180 0, -145.623 105.801, 55.623 -171.19, 55.623 171.19, -145.623 -105.801, 180 0'
 style='fill:seashell; stroke: blue; stroke-width:3;'
 transform='rotate(-18)' />
</svg>

Julia

using Luxor

function drawpentagram(path::AbstractString, w::Integer=1000, h::Integer=1000)
    Drawing(h, w, path)
    origin()
    setline(16)

    # To get a different color border from the fill, draw twice, first with fill, then without.
    sethue("aqua")
    star(0, 0, 500, 5, 0.39, 3pi/10, :fill)

    sethue("navy")
    verts = star(0, 0, 500, 5, 0.5, 3pi/10, vertices=true)
    poly([verts[i] for i in [1,5,9,3,7,1]], :stroke)
    finish()
    preview()
end

drawpentagram("data/pentagram.png")

Kotlin

Translation of: Java
// version 1.1.2

import java.awt.*
import java.awt.geom.Path2D
import javax.swing.*
 
class Pentagram : JPanel() {
    init {
        preferredSize = Dimension(640, 640)
        background = Color.white
    }

    private fun drawPentagram(g: Graphics2D, len: Int, x: Int, y: Int,
                              fill: Color, stroke: Color) {
        var x2 = x.toDouble()
        var y2 = y.toDouble()
        var angle = 0.0
        val p = Path2D.Float()      
        p.moveTo(x2, y2)
 
        for (i in 0..4) {
            x2 += Math.cos(angle) * len
            y2 += Math.sin(-angle) * len
            p.lineTo(x2, y2)
            angle -= Math.toRadians(144.0)
        }

        p.closePath()
        with(g) {
            color = fill
            fill(p)
            color = stroke
            draw(p)
        }
    }

    override fun paintComponent(gg: Graphics) {
        super.paintComponent(gg)
        val g = gg as Graphics2D
        g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                           RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON)
        g.stroke = BasicStroke(5.0f, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, 0)
        drawPentagram(g, 500, 70, 250, Color(0x6495ED), Color.darkGray)
    }
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    SwingUtilities.invokeLater {
        val f = JFrame()
        with(f) { 
            defaultCloseOperation = JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE
            title = "Pentagram"
            isResizable = false
            add(Pentagram(), BorderLayout.CENTER)
            pack()
            setLocationRelativeTo(null)
            isVisible = true
        }
    }
}

Lua

Using the Bitmap class here, with an ASCII pixel representation, then extending with line() as here, then extending with floodfill() as here, then extending further..

local cos, sin, floor, pi = math.cos, math.sin, math.floor, math.pi

function Bitmap:render()
  for y = 1, self.height do
    print(table.concat(self.pixels[y]))
  end
end

function Bitmap:pentagram(x, y, radius, rotation, outlcolor, fillcolor)
  local function pxy(i) return x+radius*cos(i*pi*2/5+rotation), y+radius*sin(i*pi*2/5+rotation) end
  local x1, y1 = pxy(0)
  for i = 1, 5 do
    local x2, y2 = pxy(i*2) -- btw: pxy(i) ==> pentagon
    self:line(floor(x1*2), floor(y1), floor(x2*2), floor(y2), outlcolor)
    x1, y1 = x2, y2
  end
  self:floodfill(floor(x*2), floor(y), fillcolor)
  radius = radius / 2
  for i = 1, 5 do
    x1, y1 = pxy(i)
    self:floodfill(floor(x1*2), floor(y1), fillcolor)
  end
end

bitmap = Bitmap(40*2,40)
bitmap:clear(".")
bitmap:pentagram(20, 22, 20, -pi/2, "@", '+')
bitmap:render()
Output:
................................................................................
................................................................................
.......................................@@.......................................
......................................@++@......................................
......................................@++@......................................
.....................................@++++@.....................................
....................................@++++++@....................................
....................................@++++++@....................................
...................................@++++++++@...................................
...................................@++++++++@...................................
..................................@++++++++++@..................................
.................................@++++++++++++@.................................
.................................@++++++++++++@.................................
................................@++++++++++++++@................................
...............................@++++++++++++++++@...............................
.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.
....@@@+++++++++++++++++++++++@++++++++++++++++++@+++++++++++++++++++++++++@@@..
.......@@++++++++++++++++++++@++++++++++++++++++++@++++++++++++++++++++++@@.....
.........@@@+++++++++++++++++@++++++++++++++++++++@+++++++++++++++++++@@@.......
............@@@+++++++++++++@++++++++++++++++++++++@+++++++++++++++@@@..........
...............@@++++++++++@+++++++++++++++++++++++@+++++++++++++@@.............
.................@@@+++++++@++++++++++++++++++++++++@+++++++++@@@...............
....................@@@+++@++++++++++++++++++++++++++@+++++@@@..................
.......................@@+@++++++++++++++++++++++++++@+++@@.....................
.........................@@@++++++++++++++++++++++++++@@@.......................
........................@+++@@@++++++++++++++++++++@@@+@........................
........................@++++++@@+++++++++++++++@@@++++@........................
.......................@+++++++++@@@++++++++++@@++++++++@.......................
......................@+++++++++++++@@@++++@@@+++++++++++@......................
......................@++++++++++++++++@@@@++++++++++++++@......................
.....................@++++++++++++++++@@..@@++++++++++++++@.....................
....................@++++++++++++++@@@......@@@++++++++++++@....................
....................@+++++++++++@@@............@@@+++++++++@....................
...................@++++++++++@@..................@@++++++++@...................
...................@+++++++@@@......................@@@+++++@...................
..................@+++++@@@............................@@@+++@..................
.................@++++@@..................................@@++@.................
.................@+@@@......................................@@@.................
................@@@............................................@................
................................................................................

Maple

with(geometry):
RegularStarPolygon(middle, 5/2, point(c, 0, 0), 1):
v := [seq(coordinates(i), i in DefinedAs(middle))]:
pentagram := plottools[rotate](plottools[polygon](v), Pi/2):
plots[display](pentagram, colour = yellow, axes = none);
Output:

Note: Plot shown below is generated using interface(plotdevice = char);

                                       C                                      
                                      C C                                     
                                     C   C                                    
                                    C     C                                   
                                   C       C                                  
                                 CC         CC                                
                                C             C                               
                               C               C                              
   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC  
      CCCC                   C                   C                   CCCC     
          CCCCC             C                     C             CCCCC         
               CCCC         C                     C         CCCC              
                   CCCCC   C                       C   CCCCC                  
                        CCCC                       CCCC                       
                         C  CCCCC             CCCCC  C                        
                        C        CCCC     CCCC        C                       
                      CC             CCCCC             CC                     
                     C           CCCCC   CCCCC           C                    
                    C        CCCC             CCCC        C                   
                   C    CCCCC                     CCCCC    C                  
                  C CCCC                               CCCC C                 
                 CCC                                       CCC               

Mathematica/Wolfram Language

Graphics[{
    EdgeForm[Directive[Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[0, 0, 1]]],(*Edge coloring*)
    RGBColor[0.5, 0.5, .50], (*Fill coloring*)
    Polygon[AnglePath[Table[6 Pi/5, 5]]]}
    ]

Nim

Works with: nim version 1.4.4
Library: nim-libgd
import libgd
from math import sin, cos, degToRad

const
  width = 500
  height = width
  outerRadius = 200

proc main() =

  proc calcPosition(x: int, y: int, radius: int, posAngle: float): (cint, cint) =
    var width = int(radius.float * sin(degToRad(posAngle)))
    var height = int(radius.float * cos(degToRad(posAngle)))
    return (cast[cint](x + width), cast[cint](y - height))

  proc getPentagonPoints(startAngle = 0, radius: int): array[5, array[2, int]] =
    let spacingAngle = 360 / 5

    var posAngle = (90 - startAngle).float

    var n = 0
    var points: array[5, array[2, int]]
    while n < 5:
      (points[n][0], points[n][1]) = calcPosition(250, 250, radius, posAngle)
      n += 1
      posAngle -= spacingAngle

    return points

  let outerPentagon = getPentagonPoints(18, outerRadius) # rotate 18 degrees
  let innerPentagon = getPentagonPoints(54, int((cos(degToRad(72.0))/cos(degToRad(36.0))) * outerRadius)) # rotate 54 degrees

  var pentagram: array[10, array[2, int]]
  var n = 0
  for i in countup(0, 4):
    pentagram[n] = outerPentagon[i]
    inc(n)
    pentagram[n] = innerPentagon[i]
    inc(n)

  withGd imageCreate(width, height) as img:
    discard img.setColor(255, 255, 255)

    let black = img.setColor(0x404040)
    let blue = img.setColor(0x6495ed)

    img.drawPolygon(
      points=pentagram,
      color=blue,
      fill=true,
      open=false)

    img.setThickness(4)

    img.drawPolygon(
      points=pentagram,
      color=black,
      fill=false,
      open=false)

    img.drawPolygon(
      points=innerPentagon,
      color=black,
      fill=false,
      open=false)

    let png_out = open("pentagram.png", fmWrite)
    img.writePng(png_out)

    png_out.close()

main()

ooRexx

/* REXX ***************************************************************
* Create a BMP file showing a pentagram
**********************************************************************/
pentagram='pentagram.bmp'
'erase' pentagram
s='424d4600000000000000360000002800000038000000280000000100180000000000'X
s=s'1000000000000000000000000000000000000000'x
Say 'sl='length(s)
z.0=0
white='ffffff'x
red  ='00ff00'x
green='ff0000'x
blue ='0000ff'x
rd6=copies(rd,6)
m=133
m=80
n=80
hor=m*8      /* 56 */
ver=n*8      /* 40 */
Say 'hor='hor
Say 'ver='ver
Say 'sl='length(s)
s=overlay(lend(hor),s,19,4)
s=overlay(lend(ver),s,23,4)
Say 'sl='length(s)
z.=copies('ffffff'x,3192%3)
z.=copies('ffffff'x,8*m)
z.0=648
s72 =RxCalcsin(72,,'D')
c72 =RxCalccos(72,,'D')
s144=RxCalcsin(144,,'D')
c144=RxCalccos(144,,'D')
xm=300
ym=300
r=200
p.0x.1=xm
p.0y.1=ym+r
p.0x.2=format(xm+r*s72,3,0)
p.0y.2=format(ym+r*c72,3,0)
p.0x.3=format(xm+r*s144,3,0)
p.0y.3=format(ym+r*c144,3,0)
p.0x.4=format(xm-r*s144,3,0)
p.0y.4=p.0y.3
p.0x.5=format(xm-r*s72,3,0)
p.0y.5=p.0y.2
Do i=1 To 5
  Say p.0x.i p.0y.i
  End
Call line p.0x.1,p.0y.1,p.0x.3,p.0y.3
Call line p.0x.1,p.0y.1,p.0x.4,p.0y.4
Call line p.0x.2,p.0y.2,p.0x.4,p.0y.4
Call line p.0x.2,p.0y.2,p.0x.5,p.0y.5
Call line p.0x.3,p.0y.3,p.0x.5,p.0y.5

Do i=1 To z.0
  s=s||z.i
  End

Call lineout pentagram,s
Call lineout pentagram
Exit

lend:
Return reverse(d2c(arg(1),4))

line: Procedure Expose z. red green blue
Parse Arg x0, y0, x1, y1
Say 'line'  x0  y0  x1  y1
dx = abs(x1-x0)
dy = abs(y1-y0)
if x0 < x1 then sx = 1
           else sx = -1
if y0 < y1 then sy = 1
           else sy = -1
err = dx-dy

Do Forever
  xxx=x0*3+2
  Do yy=y0-1 To y0+1
    z.yy=overlay(copies(blue,5),z.yy,xxx)
    End
  if x0 = x1 & y0 = y1 Then Leave
  e2 = 2*err
  if e2 > -dy then do
    err = err - dy
    x0 = x0 + sx
    end
  if e2 < dx then do
    err = err + dx
    y0 = y0 + sy
    end
  end
Return
::requires RxMath Library

Perl

use SVG;

my $tau   = 2 * 4*atan2(1, 1);
my $dim   = 200;
my $sides = 5;

for $v (0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 0) {
    push @vx, 0.9 * $dim * cos($tau * $v / $sides);
    push @vy, 0.9 * $dim * sin($tau * $v / $sides);
}

my $svg= SVG->new( width => 2*$dim, height => 2*$dim);

my $points = $svg->get_path(
    x     => \@vx,
    y     => \@vy,
    -type => 'polyline',
);

$svg->rect (
    width  => "100%",
    height => "100%",
    style  => {
        'fill' => 'bisque'
    }
);

$svg->polyline (
    %$points,
    style => {
        'fill'         => 'seashell',
        'stroke'       => 'blue',
        'stroke-width' => 3,
    },
    transform => "translate($dim,$dim) rotate(-18)"
);

open  $fh, '>', 'pentagram.svg';
print $fh  $svg->xmlify(-namespace=>'svg');
close $fh;

Pentagram (offsite image)

Phix

Resizable and optionally rotating gui (desktop) version

Library: Phix/pGUI
Library: Phix/online

You can run this online here.

--
-- demo\rosetta\Pentagram.exw
-- ==========================
--
-- Start/stop rotation by pressing space. Resizeable.
-- ZXYV stop any rotation and orient up/down/left/right.
--
with javascript_semantics
include pGUI.e

Ihandle dlg, canvas, timer
cdCanvas cdcanvas

integer rot = 0
enum FILL,BORDER
constant colours = {CD_BLUE,CD_RED},
         modes = {CD_FILL,CD_CLOSED_LINES}

function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/, integer /*posx*/, /*posy*/)
    integer {w, h} = IupGetIntInt(canvas, "DRAWSIZE"),
            cx = floor(w/2),
            cy = floor(h/2),
            radius = floor(min(cx,cy)*0.9)
    cdCanvasActivate(cdcanvas)
    cdCanvasClear(cdcanvas)
    cdCanvasSetFillMode(cdcanvas, CD_WINDING)
    cdCanvasSetLineWidth(cdcanvas, round(radius/100)+1) 
    for mode=FILL to BORDER do
        cdCanvasSetForeground(cdcanvas,colours[mode])
        cdCanvasBegin(cdcanvas,modes[mode])
        for a=90 to 666 by 144 do
            atom r = (a+rot)*CD_DEG2RAD,
                 x = floor(radius*cos(r)+cx),
                 y = floor(radius*sin(r)+cy)
            cdCanvasVertex(cdcanvas, x, y)
        end for
        cdCanvasEnd(cdcanvas)
    end for
    cdCanvasFlush(cdcanvas)
    return IUP_DEFAULT
end function

function map_cb(Ihandle ih)
    cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih)
    cdCanvasSetBackground(cdcanvas, CD_PARCHMENT)
    return IUP_DEFAULT
end function

function timer_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/)
    rot = mod(rot+359,360)
    IupRedraw(canvas)
    return IUP_IGNORE
end function

function key_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/, atom c)
    if c=K_ESC then return IUP_CLOSE end if
    c = upper(c)
    if c=' ' then
        IupSetInt(timer,"RUN",not IupGetInt(timer,"RUN"))
    else
        c = find(c,"ZYXV")
        if c then
            IupSetInt(timer,"RUN",false)
            rot = (c-1)*90
            IupRedraw(canvas)
        end if
    end if
    return IUP_CONTINUE
end function

procedure main()
    IupOpen()
    canvas = IupCanvas("RASTERSIZE=640x640")
    IupSetCallback(canvas, "MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"))
    IupSetCallback(canvas, "ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb"))
    dlg = IupDialog(canvas,`TITLE="Pentagram"`)
    IupSetCallback(dlg, "KEY_CB", Icallback("key_cb"))
    IupShow(dlg)
    IupSetAttribute(canvas, "RASTERSIZE", NULL)
    timer = IupTimer(Icallback("timer_cb"), 80, active:=false)
    if platform()!=JS then
        IupMainLoop()
        IupClose()
    end if
end procedure

main()

And a quick svg version, output identical to sidef

Translation of: Sidef
without js
constant HDR = """
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no" ?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-SVG-20010719/DTD/svg10.dtd">
<svg height="%d" width="%d" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect height="100%%" width="100%%" style="fill:black;" />
"""
constant LINE = """
<polyline points="%s"
style="fill:blue; stroke:white; stroke-width:3;"
transform="translate(%d, %d) rotate(-18)" />
"""
 
function pentagram(integer dim=200, sides=5)
 
    sequence v = repeat(0,sides)
    for i=1 to sides do
        atom theta = PI*2*(i-1)/5,
             x = cos(theta)*dim,
             y = sin(theta)*dim
        v[i] = {sprintf("%.3f",x),
                sprintf("%.3f",y)}
    end for
    v = append(v,v[1])
    sequence q = {}
    for i=1 to length(v) by 2 do
        q &= v[i]
    end for
    for i=2 to length(v) by 2 do
        q &= v[i]
    end for 
    string res = sprintf(HDR,dim*2)
    res &= sprintf(LINE,{join(q),dim,dim})
    res &= "</svg>\n"
 
    return res
end function
 
puts(1,pentagram())

PostScript

%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 200 600
 
/n 5 def % 5-star; can be set to other odd numbers

/s { gsave } def
/r { grestore } def
/g { .7 setgray } def
/t { 100 exch translate } def
/p {
	180 90 n div sub rotate
	0 0 moveto
	n { 0 160 rlineto 180 180 n div sub rotate } repeat
	closepath
} def

s 570 t p s g eofill r stroke r		% even-odd fill
s 370 t p s g fill r stroke r		% non-zero fill
s 170 t p s 2 setlinewidth stroke r g fill r % non-zero, but hide inner strokes

%%EOF

The following isn't exactly what the task asks for, but it's kind of fun if you have a PS interpreter that progressively updates. The program draws a lot of stars, so it's extremely likely that some of them are pentagrams...

%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 400 400

% randomly choose from 5- to 35-stars
/maxpoint 35 def
/minpoint 5 def
/maxradius 30 def

/rnd1 { rand 16#80000000 div } def
/rnd { rnd1 mul} def
/rndi { 2 index sub rnd1 mul 1 index div cvi mul add} def
/line { rotate 0 rlineto } def

/star { gsave
	/n minpoint 2 maxpoint rndi def
	/r maxradius rnd def
	/a 180 180 n div sub def 
	/b 360 a n mul sub n div def

	400 rnd 400 rnd translate 360 rnd rotate
	0 0 moveto n { r a line r b line } repeat closepath
	rnd1 rnd1 rnd1 3 { 2 index 1 exch sub } repeat 
	gsave setrgbcolor fill grestore setrgbcolor stroke
	grestore } def

0 setlinewidth 2000 {star} repeat showpage
%%EOF

Processing

//Aamrun, 29th June 2022

size(1000,1000);

translate(width/2,height/2);
rotate(3*PI/2);
fill(#0000ff);

beginShape();
for(int i=0;i<10;i+=2){

    vertex(450*cos(i*2*PI/5),450*sin(i*2*PI/5));
}
endShape(CLOSE);

Python

Works with: Python version 3.4.1
import turtle

turtle.bgcolor("green")
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.color("red", "blue")
t.begin_fill()
for i in range(0, 5):
    t.forward(200)
    t.right(144)
t.end_fill()

Quackery

[ $ "turtleduck.qky" loadfile ] now!

[ [ 1 1 
    30 times 
       [ tuck + ] 
   swap join ] constant 
   do ]                is phi       (    --> n/d )

[ 5 times 
    [ 2dup walk
      1 5 turn 
      2dup walk
      3 5 turn ]
  2drop ]             is star      ( n/d -->     )
 
[ 5 times
    [ 2dup walk
      2 5 turn ]
  2drop ]             is pentagram ( n/d -->     ) 

turtle
' [ 79 126 229 ] fill [ 200 1 star ]
10 wide 
-1 10 turn
200 1 phi v* phi v* pentagram
1 10 turn
Output:

R

Very simple approach,

p <- cbind(x = c(0, 1, 2,-0.5  , 2.5  ,0), 
           y = c(0, 1, 0,0.6, 0.6,0))
plot(p)
lines(p)

Using circle equation

A better more accurate approach utilising equation of a circle using polar coordinates.[1] 5 points are required to draw a pentagram. a circle with centre coordinates x=10 and y=10 with radius 10 was chosen for this example. In order to find 5 equal points circle needs to be divided by 5 i.e 360/5 = 72 each point on the circumference is 72 degrees apart, 5 points on the circles circumference are calculated and than plotted and line drawn in-between to produce pentagram

#Circle equation
#x = r*cos(angle) + centre_x
#y = r*sin(angle) + centre_y

#centre points
centre_x = 10 
centre_y = 10
#radius
r = 10

deg2rad <- function(d){
  return((d*pi)/180)
} #Converts Degrees to radians
X_coord <- function(r=10,centre_x=10,angle) #Finds Xcoordinate on the circumference 
{
  return(r*cos(deg2rad(angle)) + centre_x)
}
Y_coord <- function(r=10,centre_y=10,angle) #Finds Ycoordinate on the circumference 
{
  return(r*sin(deg2rad(angle)) + centre_x)
}

# series of angles after dividing the circle in to 5 
angles <- list()
for(i in 1:5)
{
  angles[i] <- 72*i
}
angles <- unlist(angles) #flattening the list 

for(i in seq_along(angles)){
  print(i)
  print(angles[i])
  if(i == 1)
  {
    coordinates <- 
      cbind(c(
        x = X_coord(angle = angles[i]),
        y = Y_coord(angle = angles[i]))
      )
  }
  else{
    coordinates <- cbind(coordinates,cbind(c(
      x = X_coord(angle = angles[i]),
      y = Y_coord(angle = angles[i]))))
  }
}
plot(xlim = c(0,30), ylim = c(0,30),x = coordinates[1,], y=coordinates[2,])

polygon(x = coordinates[1,c(1,3,5,2,4,1)],                           
        y=coordinates[2,c(1,3,5,2,4,1)],                             
        col = "#1b98e0",                                             
        border = "red",                                              
        lwd = 5)

Racket

#lang racket
(require 2htdp/image)

(overlay
 (star-polygon 100 5 2 "outline" (make-pen "blue" 4 "solid" "round" "round"))
 (star-polygon 100 5 2 "solid" "cyan"))

Raku

(formerly Perl 6)

Works with: rakudo version 2018.08

Generate an SVG file to STDOUT. Redirect to a file to capture and display it.

use SVG;

constant $dim = 200;
constant $sides = 5;

my @vertices = map { 0.9 * $dim * cis($_ * τ / $sides) }, ^$sides;

my @points   = map |*.reals.fmt("%0.3f"),
  flat @vertices[0, 2 ... *], @vertices[1, 3 ... *], @vertices[0];

say SVG.serialize(
    svg => [
        :width($dim*2), :height($dim*2),
        :rect[:width<100%>, :height<100%>, :style<fill:bisque;>],
        :polyline[ :points(@points.join: ','),
          :style("stroke:blue; stroke-width:3; fill:seashell;"),
          :transform("translate($dim,$dim) rotate(-90)")
        ],
    ],
);

See Pentagram (offsite svg image)

Ever wondered what a regular 7 sided star looks like? Change $sides to 7 and re-run. See Heptagram

Red

Red [
	Source:     https://github.com/vazub/rosetta-red
	Tabs:       4
	Needs:       'View
]

canvas: 500x500
center: as-pair canvas/x / 2 canvas/y / 2
radius: 200

points: collect [
	repeat vertex 10 [
		angle: vertex * 36 + 18 ;-- +18 is required for pentagram rotation
		either vertex // 2 = 1 [
			keep as-pair (cosine angle) * radius + center/x (sine angle) * radius + center/y
		][
			keep as-pair (cosine angle) * radius * 0.382 + center/x (sine angle) * radius * 0.382 + center/y
		]
	]
]

view [
	title "Pentagram" 
	base canvas white
	draw compose/deep [   
		fill-pen mint
		polygon (points)
		line-width 3        
		line (points/1) (points/5) (points/9) (points/3) (points/7) (points/1)
	]
]

REXX

Translation of: ooRexx
/* REXX ***************************************************************
* Create a BMP file showing a pentagram
**********************************************************************/
Parse Version v
If pos('Regina',v)>0 Then
  pentagram='pentagrama.bmp'
Else
  pentagram='pentagramx.bmp'
'erase' pentagram
s='424d4600000000000000360000002800000038000000280000000100180000000000'X||,
  '1000000000000000000000000000000000000000'x
Say 'sl='length(s)
z.0=0
white='ffffff'x
red  ='00ff00'x
green='ff0000'x
blue ='0000ff'x
rd6=copies(rd,6)
m=133
m=80
n=80
hor=m*8      /* 56 */
ver=n*8      /* 40 */
Say 'hor='hor
Say 'ver='ver
Say 'sl='length(s)
s=overlay(lend(hor),s,19,4)
s=overlay(lend(ver),s,23,4)
Say 'sl='length(s)
z.=copies('ffffff'x,3192%3)
z.=copies('ffffff'x,8*m)
z.0=648
pi_5=2*3.14159/5
s72 =sin(pi_5  )
c72 =cos(pi_5  )
s144=sin(pi_5*2)
c144=cos(pi_5*2)
xm=300
ym=300
r=200
p.0x.1=xm
p.0y.1=ym+r

p.0x.2=format(xm+r*s72,3,0)
p.0y.2=format(ym+r*c72,3,0)
p.0x.3=format(xm+r*s144,3,0)
p.0y.3=format(ym+r*c144,3,0)
p.0x.4=format(xm-r*s144,3,0)
p.0y.4=p.0y.3
p.0x.5=format(xm-r*s72,3,0)
p.0y.5=p.0y.2
Do i=1 To 5
  Say p.0x.i p.0y.i
  End
Call line p.0x.1,p.0y.1,p.0x.3,p.0y.3
Call line p.0x.1,p.0y.1,p.0x.4,p.0y.4
Call line p.0x.2,p.0y.2,p.0x.4,p.0y.4
Call line p.0x.2,p.0y.2,p.0x.5,p.0y.5
Call line p.0x.3,p.0y.3,p.0x.5,p.0y.5

Do i=1 To z.0
  s=s||z.i
  End

Call lineout pentagram,s
Call lineout pentagram
Exit

lend:
Return reverse(d2c(arg(1),4))

line: Procedure Expose z. red green blue
Parse Arg x0, y0, x1, y1
Say 'line'  x0  y0  x1  y1
dx = abs(x1-x0)
dy = abs(y1-y0)
if x0 < x1 then sx = 1
           else sx = -1
if y0 < y1 then sy = 1
           else sy = -1
err = dx-dy

Do Forever
  xxx=x0*3+2
  Do yy=y0-1 To y0+1
    z.yy=overlay(copies(blue,5),z.yy,xxx)
    End
  if x0 = x1 & y0 = y1 Then Leave
  e2 = 2*err
  if e2 > -dy then do
    err = err - dy
    x0 = x0 + sx
    end
  if e2 < dx then do
    err = err + dx
    y0 = y0 + sy
    end
  end
Return

sin: Procedure
/* REXX ****************************************************************
* Return sin(x<,p>) -- with the specified precision
***********************************************************************/
  Parse Arg x,prec
  If prec='' Then prec=9
  Numeric Digits (2*prec)
  Numeric Fuzz   3
  pi=3.14159
  Do While x>pi
    x=x-pi
    End
  Do While x<-pi
    x=x+pi
    End
  o=x
  u=1
  r=x
  Do i=3 By 2
    ra=r
    o=-o*x*x
    u=u*i*(i-1)
    r=r+(o/u)
    If r=ra Then Leave
    End
  Numeric Digits prec
  Return r+0

cos: Procedure
/* REXX ****************************************************************
* Return cos(x) -- with specified precision
***********************************************************************/
  Parse Arg x,prec
  If prec='' Then prec=9
  Numeric Digits (2*prec)
  Numeric Fuzz 3
  o=1
  u=1
  r=1
  Do i=1 By 2
    ra=r
    o=-o*x*x
    u=u*i*(i+1)
    r=r+(o/u)
    If r=ra Then Leave
    End
  Numeric Digits prec
  Return r+0

sqrt: Procedure
/* REXX ***************************************************************
* EXEC to calculate the square root of a = 2 with high precision
**********************************************************************/
  Parse Arg x,prec
  If prec<9 Then prec=9
  prec1=2*prec
  eps=10**(-prec1)
  k = 1
  Numeric Digits 3
  r0= x
  r = 1
  Do i=1 By 1 Until r=r0 | (abs(r*r-x)<eps)
    r0 = r
    r  = (r + x/r) / 2
    k  = min(prec1,2*k)
    Numeric Digits (k + 5)
    End
  Numeric Digits prec
  Return r+0

Ring

# Project : Pentagram

load "guilib.ring"

paint = null

new qapp 
        {
        win1 = new qwidget() {
                  setwindowtitle("Pentagram")
                  setgeometry(100,100,500,600)
                  label1 = new qlabel(win1) {
                              setgeometry(10,10,400,400)
                              settext("")
                  }
                  new qpushbutton(win1) {
                          setgeometry(150,500,100,30)
                          settext("draw")
                          setclickevent("draw()")
                  }
                  show()
        }
        exec()
        }

func draw
        p1 = new qpicture()
               color = new qcolor() {
               setrgb(0,0,255,255)
        }
        pen = new qpen() {
                 setcolor(color)
                 setwidth(5)
        }
        paint = new qpainter() {
                  begin(p1)
                  setpen(pen)

        nn = 165
        cx = 800
        cy = 600
        phi = 54

        color = new qcolor()
        color.setrgb(0, 0, 255,255)
        mybrush = new qbrush() {setstyle(1) setcolor(color)}
        setbrush(mybrush)

       for n = 1 to 5
             theta = fabs(180-144-phi)
	     p1x = floor(cx + nn * cos(phi * 0.01745329252))
	     p1y = floor(cy + nn * sin(phi * 0.01745329252))
	     p2x = floor(cx - nn * cos(theta * 0.01745329252))
	     p2y = floor(cy - nn * sin(theta * 0.01745329252))
	     phi+= 72
	     drawpolygon([[p1x,p1y],[cx,cy],[p2x,p2y]],0)
        next
 
        endpaint()
        }
        label1 { setpicture(p1) show() }
        return

Output:

https://www.dropbox.com/s/znbcsoatlc00n4w/Pentagram.jpg?dl=0

Scala

Java Swing Interoperability

import java.awt._
import java.awt.geom.Path2D

import javax.swing._

object Pentagram extends App {

  SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() =>
    new JFrame("Pentagram") {

      class Pentagram extends JPanel {
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640))
        setBackground(Color.white)
        final private val degrees144 = Math.toRadians(144)

        override def paintComponent(gg: Graphics): Unit = {
          val g = gg.asInstanceOf[Graphics2D]

          def drawPentagram(g: Graphics2D, x: Int, y: Int, fill: Color): Unit = {
            var (_x, _y, angle) = (x, y, 0.0)
            val p = new Path2D.Float
            p.moveTo(_x, _y)
            for (i <- 0 until 5) {
              val (x2, y2) = (_x + (Math.cos(angle) * 500).toInt, _y + (Math.sin(-angle) * 500).toInt)
              p.lineTo(x2, y2)
              _x = x2
              _y = y2
              angle -= degrees144
            }
            p.closePath()
            g.setColor(fill)
            g.fill(p)
            g.setColor(Color.darkGray)
            g.draw(p)
          }

          super.paintComponent(gg)
          g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON)
          g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(5, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER))
          drawPentagram(g, 70, 250, new Color(0x6495ED))
        }
      }

      add(new Pentagram, BorderLayout.CENTER)
      pack()
      setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
      setLocationRelativeTo(null)
      setResizable(false)
      setVisible(true)
    }
  )

}

Sidef

Translation of: Raku

Generates a SVG image to STDOUT.

func pentagram(dim=200, sides=5) {
    var pentagram = <<-EOT
    <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-SVG-20010719/DTD/svg10.dtd">
    <svg height="#{dim*2}" width="#{dim*2}" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <rect height="100%" width="100%" style="fill:black;" />
    EOT

    func pline(q) {
        <<-EOT
        <polyline points="#{{|n| '%0.3f' % n }.map(q, q[0], q[1]).join(' ')}"
        style="fill:blue; stroke:white; stroke-width:3;"
        transform="translate(#{dim}, #{dim}) rotate(-18)" />
        EOT
    }

    var v = {|k| 0.9 * dim * cis(k * Num.tau / sides) }.map(^sides)
    pentagram += pline([v[range(0, v.end, 2)], v[range(1, v.end, 2)]].map{.reals})
    pentagram += '</svg>'

    return pentagram
}

say pentagram()
Output:
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no" ?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-SVG-20010719/DTD/svg10.dtd">
<svg height="400" width="400" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect height="100%" width="100%" style="fill:black;" />
<polyline points="180.000 0.000 -145.623 105.801 55.623 -171.190 55.623 171.190 -145.623 -105.801 180.000 0.000"
style="fill:blue; stroke:white; stroke-width:3;"
transform="translate(200, 200) rotate(-18)" />
</svg>

SPL

mx,my = #.scrsize()
xc = mx/2
yc = my/2
mr = #.min(mx,my)/3
#.angle(#.degrees)
#.drawcolor(1,0,0)
#.drawsize(10)
> r, mr..0,-1
  #.drawline(xc,yc-r,xc,yc-r)
  > a, 54..630,144
    #.drawline(r*#.cos(a)+xc,r*#.sin(a)+yc)
  <
  #.drawcolor(1,1,0)
  #.drawsize(1)
<

Tcl

This implementation draws a simple pentagram on a Canvas widget.

Works with: Tcl version 8.6
package require Tk 8.6   	;# lmap is new in Tcl/Tk 8.6

set pi [expr 4*atan(1)]

pack [canvas .c] -expand yes -fill both     ;# create the canvas

update          ;# draw everything so the dimensions are accurate

set w [winfo width .c]          ;# calculate appropriate dimensions
set h [winfo height .c]
set r [expr {min($w,$h) * 0.45}]

set points [lmap n {0 1 2 3 4 5} {
    set n [expr {$n * 2}]
    set y [expr {sin($pi * 2 * $n / 5) * $r + $h / 2}]
    set x [expr {cos($pi * 2 * $n / 5) * $r + $w / 2}]
    list $x $y
}]
set points [concat {*}$points]  ;# flatten the list

puts [.c create line $points]

;# a fun reader exercise is to make the shape respond to mouse events,
;# or animate it!

Wren

Translation of: Go
Library: DOME
import "graphics" for Canvas, Color, Point
import "dome" for Window

class Game {
    static init() {
        Window.title = "Pentagram"
        var width = 640
        var height = 640
        Window.resize(width, height)
        Canvas.resize(width, height)
        Canvas.cls(Color.white)
        var col = Color.hex("#6495ed") // cornflower blue
        for (i in 1..240) pentagram(320, 320, i, col)
        for (i in 241..250) pentagram(320, 320, i, Color.black)    
    }

    static update() {}

    static draw(alpha) {}

    static pentagram(x, y, r, col) {
        var points = List.filled(5, null)
        for (i in 0..4) {
            var angle = 2*Num.pi*i/5 - Num.pi/2
            points[i] = Point.new(x + r*angle.cos, y + r*angle.sin)
        }
        var prev = points[0]
        for (i in 1..5) {
            var index = (i * 2) % 5
            var curr = points[index]
            Canvas.line(prev.x, prev.y, curr.x, curr.y, col)
            prev = curr
        }
    }
}

XPL0

proc    FillArea(X, Y, C0, C);  \Replace area colored C0 with color C
int     X, Y,   \starting coordinate for flood fill algorithm
        C0, C;  \initial color, and color to replace it with
def     S=8000; \size of queue (must be an even number)
int     Q(S),   \queue (FIFO)
        F, E;   \fill and empty indexes

        proc    EnQ(X, Y);      \Enqueue coordinate
        int     X, Y;
        [Q(F):= X;
        F:= F+1;
        Q(F):= Y;
        F:= F+1;
        if F >= S then F:= 0;
        ];      \EnQ

        proc    DeQ;            \Dequeue coordinate
        [X:= Q(E);
        E:= E+1;
        Y:= Q(E);
        E:= E+1;
        if E >= S then E:= 0;
        ];      \DeQ

[if C0 = C then return;
F:= 0;  E:= 0;
EnQ(X, Y);
while E # F do
        [DeQ;
        if ReadPix(X, Y) = C0 then
                [Point(X, Y, C);
                EnQ(X+1, Y);    \enqueue adjacent pixels
                EnQ(X-1, Y);
                EnQ(X, Y+1);
                EnQ(X, Y-1);
                ];
        ];
];      \FillArea

def     Size = 200.;
def     Pi = 3.141592654;
def     Deg144 = 4.*Pi/5.;
int     X, Y, N;
[SetVid($12);           \set 640x480x4 VGA graphics
for Y:= 0 to 480-1 do   \fill screen
        [Move(0, Y);  Line(640-1, Y, $F\white\)];
for N:= 0 to 5 do       \draw pentagram
        [X:= fix(Size*Sin(float(N)*Deg144));
         Y:= fix(Size*Cos(float(N)*Deg144));
         if N = 0 then Move(X+320, 240-Y)
                  else Line(X+320, 240-Y, 4\red\);
        ];
FillArea(0, 0, $F, 1);  \replace white (F) with blue (1)
]

zkl

This example is incorrect. It does not accomplish the given task. Please fix the code and remove this message.
Translation of: Raku

Generate an SVG file to STDOUT. Redirect to a file to capture and display it.

const DIM=200, SIDES=5, A=360/SIDES, R=DIM.toFloat();
vs:=[0.0..360-A,A].apply("toRad");  // angles of vertices
#<<<
0'|<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no" ?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-SVG-20010719/DTD/svg10.dtd">
<svg height="%d" width="%d" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect height="100%" width="100%" style="fill:bisque;" />|
#<<<
.fmt(DIM*2, DIM*2).println();
 
var vertices=vs.pump(List,fcn(a){ R.toRectangular(a) }); //( (x,y), (x,y)...
SIDES.pump(String,pline).println();  // the line pairs that draw the pentagram

fcn pline(n){ a:=(n + 2)%SIDES; // (n,a) are the endpoints of the right leg
   pts:=String("\"", ("% 0.3f,% 0.3f "*2), "\" "); // two points
   vs:='wrap(){ T(n,a).pump(List,vertices.get).flatten() }; //(x,y, x,y)
   String(
     (0'|<polyline points=| + pts).fmt(vs().xplode()),
      0'|style="fill:seashell; stroke:blue; stroke-width:3;" |,
      0'|transform="translate(%d,%d) rotate(-18)"|.fmt(DIM,DIM),
      " />\n"
   );
}
println("</svg>");
Output:
$ zkl bbb > pentagram.svg 
$ cat pentagram.svg 
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no" ?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-SVG-20010719/DTD/svg10.dtd">
<svg height="400" width="400" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect height="100%" width="100%" style="fill:bisque;" />
<polyline points=" 200.000, 0.000 -161.803, 117.557 " style="fill:seashell; stroke:blue; stroke-width:3;" transform="translate(200,200) rotate(-18)" />
<polyline points=" 61.803, 190.211 -161.803,-117.557 " style="fill:seashell; stroke:blue; stroke-width:3;" transform="translate(200,200) rotate(-18)" />
<polyline points="-161.803, 117.557  61.803,-190.211 " style="fill:seashell; stroke:blue; stroke-width:3;" transform="translate(200,200) rotate(-18)" />
<polyline points="-161.803,-117.557  200.000, 0.000 " style="fill:seashell; stroke:blue; stroke-width:3;" transform="translate(200,200) rotate(-18)" />
<polyline points=" 61.803,-190.211  61.803, 190.211 " style="fill:seashell; stroke:blue; stroke-width:3;" transform="translate(200,200) rotate(-18)" />

</svg>

Until local image uploading is re-enabled, see this image.