Find square difference
- Task
Find and show on this page the least positive integer number n, where difference of n*n and (n-1)*(n-1) greater than 1000.
The result is 501 because 501*501 - 500*500 = 251001 - 250000 = 1001 > 1000.
11l
L(n) 1..
I n^2 - (n - 1)^2 > 1000
print(n)
L.break
- Output:
501
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Find_Square_Difference is
Last : Natural := 0;
Square : Positive;
Diff : Positive;
begin
for N in 1 .. Positive'Last loop
Square := N ** 2;
Diff := Square - Last;
Last := Square;
if Diff > 1000 then
Put_Line (N'Image);
exit;
end if;
end loop;
end Find_Square_Difference;
- Output:
501
ALGOL 68
Also shows the least positive integer where the difference between n^2 and (n-1)^2 is greater than 32 000 and 2 000 000 000.
BEGIN # find the lowest positive n where the difference between n^2 and (n-1)^2 is > 1000 #
[]INT test = ( 1 000, 32 000, 2 000 000 000 );
FOR i FROM LWB test TO UPB test DO
INT required difference = test[ i ];
# n^2 - ( n - 1 )^2 is n^2 - n^2 + 2n - 1, i.e. 2n - 1 #
# so 2n - 1 > required difference or n > ( required difference + 1 ) / 2 #
print( ( "Smallest n where n^2 - (n-1)^2 is > ", whole( required difference, -12 )
, " is: ", whole( ( ( required difference + 1 ) OVER 2 ) + 1, -12 )
, newline
)
)
OD
END
- Output:
Smallest n where n^2 - (n-1)^2 is > 1000 is: 501 Smallest n where n^2 - (n-1)^2 is > 32000 is: 16001 Smallest n where n^2 - (n-1)^2 is > 2000000000 is: 1000000001
ALGOL W
begin % find the lowest positive n where the difference between n^2 and (n-1)^2 is > 1000 %
integer requiredDifference;
requiredDifference := 1000;
write( i_w := 1, s_w := 0,
, "Smallest n where n^2 - (n-1)^2 is > ", requiredDifference
, " is: ", ( ( requiredDifference + 1 ) div 2 ) + 1
)
end.
- Output:
Smallest n where n^2 - (n-1)^2 is > 1000 is: 501
Arturo
i: new 1
while ø [
if 1000 < (i^2)-(dec i)^2
-> break
inc 'i
]
print i
- Output:
501
Asymptote
int fpow(int n) {
int i = 0;
while (i^2 - (i-1)^2 < n) ++i;
return i;
}
write(fpow(1000));
AutoHotkey
while ((n:=A_Index)**2 - (n-1)**2 < 1000)
continue
MsgBox % result := n
- Output:
501
AWK
# syntax: GAWK -f FIND_SQUARE_DIFFERENCE.AWK
BEGIN {
n = 1001
while (i^2-(i-1)^2 < n) {
i++
}
printf("%d\n",i)
exit(0)
}
- Output:
501
BASIC
BASIC256
function fpow(n)
i = 0
while i^2 - (i-1)^2 < n
i += 1
end while
Return i
end function
print fpow(1001)
end
PureBasic
Procedure fpow(n.i)
Define i.i
While Pow(i, 2) - Pow((i-1), 2) < n
i + 1
Wend
ProcedureReturn i
EndProcedure
OpenConsole()
Print(Str(fpow(1001)))
Input()
CloseConsole()
QBasic
FUNCTION fpow (n)
WHILE (i * i) - ((i - 1) * (i - 1)) < n
i = i + 1
WEND
fpow = i
END FUNCTION
PRINT fpow(1001)
Run BASIC
function fpow(n)
while i^2-(i-1)^2 < n
i = i+1
wend
fpow = i
end function
print fpow(1001)
True BASIC
FUNCTION fpow (n)
DO WHILE i ^ 2 - (i - 1) ^ 2 < n
LET i = i + 1
LOOP
LET fpow = I
END FUNCTION
PRINT fpow(1001)
END
Tiny BASIC
LET N = 1001
LET I = 0
10 LET R = I*I - (I-1)*(I-1)
IF R >= N THEN GOTO 20
IF R < N THEN LET I = I + 1
GOTO 10
20 PRINT I
END
Yabasic
sub fpow(n)
while i^2 - (i-1)^2 < n
i = i + 1
wend
Return i
end sub
print fpow(1001)
end
C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int f(int n) {
int i, i1;
for(i=1;i*i-i1*i1<n;i1=i, i++);
return i;
}
int main(void) {
printf( "%d\n", f(1000) );
return 0;
}
- Output:
501
C++
The C solution is also idomatic in C++. An alterate approach is to use Ranges from C++20.
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
int main()
{
const int maxSquareDiff = 1000;
auto squareCheck = [maxSquareDiff](int i){return 2 * i - 1 > maxSquareDiff;};
auto answer = std::views::iota(1) | // {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ....}
std::views::filter(squareCheck) | // filter out the ones that are below 1000
std::views::take(1); // take the first one
std::cout << answer.front() << '\n';
}
- Output:
501
Dart
import 'dart:math';
int leastSquare(int gap) {
for (int n = 1;; n++) {
if (pow(n, 2) - pow((n - 1), 2) > gap) {
return n;
}
}
}
void main() {
print(leastSquare(1000));
}
- Output:
501
F#
let n=1000 in printfn $"%d{((n+1)/2)+1}"
- Output:
501
Factor
The difference between squares is the odd numbers, so ls(n)=⌈n/2+1⌉.
USING: math math.functions prettyprint ;
: least-sq ( m -- n ) 2 / 1 + ceiling ;
1000 least-sq .
- Output:
501
Fermat
Func F(n) =
i:=0;
while i^2-(i-1)^2<n do i:=i+1 od; i.;
!!F(1000);
- Output:
501
FreeBASIC
function fpow(n as uinteger) as uinteger
dim as uinteger i
while i^2-(i-1)^2 < n
i+=1
wend
return i
end function
print fpow(1001)
- Output:
501
Go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math"
)
func squareDiff(k int) int {
return int(math.Ceil(float64(k+1) * 0.5))
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(squareDiff(1000))
}
- Output:
501
Haskell
The sequence of differences between successive squares is the sequence of odd numbers.
import Data.List (findIndex)
f = succ . flip div 2
-- Or, with redundant verbosity
g n = i
where
Just i = succ <$> findIndex (> n) [1, 3 ..]
main = mapM_ print $ [f, g] <*> [1000]
- Output:
501 501
jq
Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq
So this question is essentially asking to solve `2n - 1 > 1000`. Wow.
At the risk of hastening RC's demise, one could offer a jq solution like so:
first( range(1; infinite) | select( 2 * . - 1 > 1000 ) )
Or, for anyone envious of Bitcoin's contribution to global warming:
first( range(1; infinite) | select( .*. - ((.-1) | .*.) > 1000 ) )
- Output:
501
Julia
julia> findfirst(n -> n*n - (n-1)*(n-1) > 1000, 1:1_000_000)
501
Pari/GP
F(n)=i=0;while(i^2-(i-1)^2<n,i=i+1);return(i);
print(F(1000))
- Output:
501
Pencil and Paper
Find the smallest positive integer number n, where the difference of n2 and (n - 1)2 is greater than 1000.
r: roots of squares s: successive squares d: differences between successive squares, (a.k.a, the list of positive odd integers) r: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ... s: 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, ... d: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, ... r: n s: n * n d: n * 2 + 1 solve for d > 1,000 the first odd integer greater than 1,000 is 1,001 (1,001 + 1) / 2 = 501 ( = n)
Perl
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; # https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Least_square
use warnings;
my $n = 1;
$n++ until $n ** 2 - ($n-1) ** 2 > 1000;
print "$n\n";
- Output:
501
Phix
Essentially Wren equivalent, but explained in excruciating detail especially for enyone that evidently needs elp, said Eeyore.
with javascript_semantics printf(1,""" n*n - (n - 1)*(n - 1) > 1000 n*n - (n*n - 2*n + 1) > 1000 n*n - n*n + 2*n - 1 > 1000 2*n - 1 > 1000 2*n > 1001 n > 500.5 n = %d """,ceil(500.5))
- Output:
n*n - (n - 1)*(n - 1) > 1000 n*n - (n*n - 2*n + 1) > 1000 n*n - n*n + 2*n - 1 > 1000 2*n - 1 > 1000 2*n > 1001 n > 500.5 n = 501
Or if you prefer, same output:
with javascript_semantics string e -- equation procedure p(string s) e := s -- set/save printf(1,"%s\n",s) end procedure p("n*n - (n - 1)*(n - 1) > 1000") -- original p(substitute(e,"(n - 1)*(n - 1)", "(n*n - 2*n + 1)")) -- expand string{l,m,r} = scanf(e,"%s - (%s)%s")[1] m = substitute_all(m,"-+|","|-+") -- unsign p(sprintf("%s - %s%s",{l,m,r})) p(substitute(e,"n*n - n*n + ","")) -- eliminate p(substitute_all(e,{" - 1","1000"},{"","1001"})) -- add 1 p(substitute_all(e,{"2*","1001"},{"","500.5"})) -- divide by 2 p(substitute(e,"> 500.5",sprintf("= %d",ceil(500.5)))) -- solve
or even:
without js -- (user defined types are not implicitly called) type pstring(string s) printf(1,"%s\n",s) return true end type pstring e -- equation e = "n*n - (n - 1)*(n - 1) > 1000" -- original e = substitute(e,"(n - 1)*(n - 1)", "(n*n - 2*n + 1)") -- expand string{l,m,r} = scanf(e,"%s - (%s)%s")[1] m = substitute_all(m,"-+|","|-+") -- unsign e = sprintf("%s - %s%s",{l,m,r}) e = substitute(e,"n*n - n*n + ","") -- eliminate e = substitute_all(e,{" - 1","1000"},{"","1001"}) -- add 1 e = substitute_all(e,{"2*","1001"},{"","500.5"}) -- divide by 2 e = substitute(e,"> 500.5",sprintf("= %d",ceil(500.5))) -- solve
Phixmonti
/# Rosetta Code problem: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_square_difference
by Galileo, 10/2022 #/
def >1000
dup dup * over 1 - dup * - 1001 <
enddef
0 true while 1 + >1000 endwhile print
- Output:
501 === Press any key to exit ===
PL/M
This can be compiled with the original 8080 PL/M compiler and run under CP/M or an emulator.
Note that the original 8080 PL/M compiler only supports 8 and 16 bit unisgned numbers.
100H: /* FIND THE LEAST +VE N WHERE N SQUARED - (N-1) SQUARED > 1000 */
BDOS: PROCEDURE( FN, ARG ); /* CP/M BDOS SYSTEM CALL */
DECLARE FN BYTE, ARG ADDRESS;
GOTO 5;
END BDOS;
PR$CHAR: PROCEDURE( C ); DECLARE C BYTE; CALL BDOS( 2, C ); END;
PR$STRING: PROCEDURE( S ); DECLARE S ADDRESS; CALL BDOS( 9, S ); END;
PR$NL: PROCEDURE; CALL PR$CHAR( 0DH ); CALL PR$CHAR( 0AH ); END;
PR$NUMBER: PROCEDURE( N );
DECLARE N ADDRESS;
DECLARE V ADDRESS, N$STR( 6 ) BYTE, W BYTE;
V = N;
W = LAST( N$STR );
N$STR( W ) = '$';
N$STR( W := W - 1 ) = '0' + ( V MOD 10 );
DO WHILE( ( V := V / 10 ) > 0 );
N$STR( W := W - 1 ) = '0' + ( V MOD 10 );
END;
CALL PR$STRING( .N$STR( W ) );
END PR$NUMBER;
PRINT$LEAST: PROCEDURE( DIFF );
DECLARE DIFF ADDRESS;
CALL PR$STRING( . 'THE LOWEST N WHERE THE SQUARES OF N AND N-1 $' );
CALL PR$STRING( . 'DIFFER BY MORE THAN $' );
CALL PR$NUMBER( DIFF );
CALL PR$STRING( .' IS: $' );
CALL PR$NUMBER( ( ( DIFF + 1 ) / 2 ) + 1 );
CALL PR$NL;
END PRINT$LEAST ;
CALL PRINT$LEAST( 1000 );
CALL PRINT$LEAST( 32000 );
CALL PRINT$LEAST( 65000 );
EOF
- Output:
THE LOWEST N WHERE THE SQUARES OF N AND N-1 DIFFER BY MORE THAN 1000 IS: 501 THE LOWEST N WHERE THE SQUARES OF N AND N-1 DIFFER BY MORE THAN 32000 IS: 16001 THE LOWEST N WHERE THE SQUARES OF N AND N-1 DIFFER BY MORE THAN 65000 IS: 32501
Python
import math
print("working...")
limit1 = 6000
limit2 = 1000
oldSquare = 0
newSquare = 0
for n in range(limit1):
newSquare = n*n
if (newSquare - oldSquare > limit2):
print("Least number is = ", end = "");
print(int(math.sqrt(newSquare)))
break
oldSquare = n*n
print("done...")
print()
- Output:
working... Least number is = 501 done...
Quackery
[ dup * ] is squared ( n --> n )
0
[ 1+
dup squared
over 1 - squared -
1000 > until ]
echo
- Output:
501
Using algebra
Noting that a²-b² ≡ (a+b)(a-b), and that in this instance a = b+1.
1000 2 / 1+ echo
- Output:
501
Raku
say first { $_² - ($_-1)² > 1000 }, ^Inf;
- Output:
501
Ring
load "stdlib.ring"
see "working..." + nl
limit1 = 6000
limit2 = 1000
oldPrime = 0
newPrime = 0
for n = 1 to limit1
newPrime = n*n
if newPrime - oldPrime > limit2
see "Latest number is = " + sqrt(newPrime) + nl
exit
ok
oldPrime = n*n
next
see "done..." + nl
- Output:
working... Latest number is = 501 done...
Sidef
var N = 1000
# Binary search
var n = bsearch_ge(1, N, {|k|
k**2 - (k-1)**2 <=> N+1
})
# Closed-form
var m = ceil((N + 1 + N&1) / 2)
assert(n**2 - (n-1)**2 > N)
assert_eq(n, m)
say "#{n}^2 - #{n-1}^2 = #{n**2 - (n-1)**2}"
- Output:
501^2 - 500^2 = 1001
Verilog
module main;
integer i, n;
initial begin
n = 1000;
i = 0;
while (i ** 2 - (i - 1) ** 2 < n) i=i+1;
$display(i);
$finish ;
end
endmodule
Wren
The solution n for some non-negative integer k needs to be such that: n² - (n² - 2n + 1) > k which reduces to: n > (k + 1)/2.
var squareDiff = Fn.new { |k| ((k + 1) * 0.5).ceil }
System.print(squareDiff.call(1000))
- Output:
501
XPL0
n^2 - (n - 1)^2 > 1000 n^2 - (n^2 - 2n + 1) > 1000 2n - 1 > 1000 2n > 1001 n > 500.5 n = 501