Waveform analysis/Top and tail
Waveform analysis/Top and tail is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.
The task is to crop a given audio waveform file, removing any leading or trailing silence from the wave file, leaving just the audible sound.
The task should utilize a configurable audio squelch level calibration parameter that enables the user to set the silence level threshold (enabling low level background hiss or hum to be removed from the leading and trailing edges of the audio file.)
Moments of silence (below the squelch threshold), should be removed from the leading and trailing edges of the input wave file, to produce a new cleanly cropped audio file.
Note that the output file format should be the same as the initial input format. This should not be changed by the implemented procedure.
Go
As Go does not have any audio support in its standard library, this invokes the SoX utility to trim any leading or trailing silence from an audio file.
Unfortunately, you must know the length of the silence at the end of the audio file to trim off silence reliably. To work around this, we first trim off leading silence from the file, reverse it and then trim off the leading silence from that file. We then reverse the resulting file to the output file specified by the user.
Setting the squelch level to 2 or 3 per cent of the maximum sample value worked reasonably well in my tests. <lang go>package main
import (
"bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "os/exec" "strconv"
)
func check(err error) {
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
func main() {
const sec = "00:00:01"
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
name := ""
for name == "" {
fmt.Print("Enter name of audio file to be trimmed : ")
scanner.Scan()
name = scanner.Text()
check(scanner.Err())
}
name2 := ""
for name2 == "" {
fmt.Print("Enter name of output file : ")
scanner.Scan()
name2 = scanner.Text()
check(scanner.Err())
}
squelch := 0.0
for squelch < 1 || squelch > 10 {
fmt.Print("Enter squelch level % max (1 to 10) : ")
scanner.Scan()
input := scanner.Text()
check(scanner.Err())
squelch, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(input, 64)
}
squelchS := strconv.FormatFloat(squelch, 'f', -1, 64) + "%"
tmp1 := "tmp1_" + name tmp2 := "tmp2_" + name
// Trim audio below squelch level from start and output to tmp1.
args := []string{name, tmp1, "silence", "1", sec, squelchS}
cmd := exec.Command("sox", args...)
err := cmd.Run()
check(err)
// Reverse tmp1 to tmp2.
args = []string{tmp1, tmp2, "reverse"}
cmd = exec.Command("sox", args...)
err = cmd.Run()
check(err)
// Trim audio below squelch level from tmp2 and output to tmp1.
args = []string{tmp2, tmp1, "silence", "1", sec, squelchS}
cmd = exec.Command("sox", args...)
err = cmd.Run()
check(err)
// Reverse tmp1 to the output file.
args = []string{tmp1, name2, "reverse"}
cmd = exec.Command("sox", args...)
err = cmd.Run()
check(err)
// Remove the temporary files. err = os.Remove(tmp1) check(err) err = os.Remove(tmp2) check(err)
}</lang>
Julia
Implemented as a Gtk GUI app. <lang julia>using FileIO, Gtk, LibSndFile, Printf
function dB(buf, i, channels, cutoff=0.001)
xsum = sum(buf[k, j] * buf[k, j] for j in 1:channels, k in i-1:i+1) sigmean = xsum / (channels * 3) return sigmean < cutoff ? -60.0 : 20 * log(10, sigmean)
end
function silencecropperapp()
win = GtkWindow("Sound File Silence Cropping Tool", 800, 200) |> (GtkFrame() |> (vbox = GtkBox(:v)))
infilename, outfilename, modifyinputfile, trimmable = "", "", false, true
outchoices = Vector{GtkRadioButton}(undef, 2)
outchoices[1] = GtkRadioButton("Crop the Input File In-Place", active=true)
outchoices[2] = GtkRadioButton(outchoices[1], "Copy Output to File Chosen Below")
inbutton = GtkButton("Click to Choose Input File")
senslabel = GtkLabel("Threshold (db)")
thresholdslider = GtkScale(false, -40.0:10.0)
adj = GtkAdjustment(thresholdslider)
push!(vbox, outchoices[1], outchoices[2], inbutton, senslabel, thresholdslider)
crop = Vector{GtkRadioButton}(undef, 3)
crop[1] = GtkRadioButton("Crop File at Beginning")
crop[2] = GtkRadioButton(crop[1], "Crop File at End")
crop[3] = GtkRadioButton(crop[2], "Crop Both Ends", active=true)
cropchoice() = [get_gtk_property(b, :active, Bool) for b in crop]
trimfilebutton = GtkButton("Trim!")
push!(vbox, crop[1], crop[2], crop[3], trimfilebutton)
hbox = GtkBox(:h)
textentry = GtkEntry()
set_gtk_property!(textentry, :expand, true)
set_gtk_property!(textentry, :text, "Set Output File")
pickoutfilebutton = GtkButton("Choose Existing File for Output")
push!(hbox, textentry, pickoutfilebutton)
push!(vbox, hbox)
function reinitialize()
infilename, outfilename, modifyinputfile, trimmable = "", "", true, true
set_gtk_property!(trimfilebutton, :label, "Trim!")
toggleoutputactive(win)
end
function toggleoutputactive(w)
if get_gtk_property(outchoices[2], :active, Bool)
set_gtk_property!(textentry, :editable, true)
set_gtk_property!(textentry, :text, "Set Output File")
modifyinputfile = false
elseif get_gtk_property(outchoices[1], :active, Bool)
set_gtk_property!(textentry, :editable, false)
set_gtk_property!(textentry, :text, "Set Output File")
outfilename = ""
modifyinputfile = true
end
end
function pickinput(w)
filename = open_dialog("Pick a sound or music file to be trimmed.")
if filesize(filename) > 0
infilename = filename
set_gtk_property!(inbutton, :label, infilename)
end
trimbuttonlabel(win)
end
function pickoutput(w)
if get_gtk_property(outchoices[2], :active, Bool)
outfilename = open_dialog("Pick Output File To Be Overwritten.")
set_gtk_property!(textentry, :text, outfilename)
show(textentry)
end
end
function trimbuttonlabel(w)
tstart, tend, tboth = cropchoice()
toggleoutputactive(win)
if filesize(infilename) > 0
scut, ecut, b, nframes, fs = getsilence(get_gtk_property(adj, :value, Float64))
if (tboth && scut <= 1 && ecut >= nframes) ||
(tstart && scut <= 1) || (tend && ecut >= nframes)
set_gtk_property!(trimfilebutton, :label, "Nothing to trim.")
trimmable = false
else
text = @sprintf("Trim %7.2f seconds at front and %7.2f seconds at back.",
(scut - 1) / fs, (nframes - ecut) / fs)
set_gtk_property!(trimfilebutton, :label, text)
trimmable = true
end
else
set_gtk_property!(trimfilebutton, :label, "Trim!")
end
end
function trimsilence(w)
if trimmable
if modifyinputfile
outfilename = infilename
elseif outfilename == ""
s = get_gtk_property(textentry, :text, String)
outfilename = s != "Set Output File" ? s :
open_dialog("Pick or enter a file for output")
end
if filesize(outfilename) <= 0 || ask_dialog("Really change file $infilename?")
scut, ecut, buf, n, fs = getsilence(get_gtk_property(adj, :value, Float64))
FileIO.save(outfilename, buf[scut:ecut, :])
info_dialog("File $outfilename saved: $(filesize(outfilename)) bytes.", win)
reinitialize()
end
end
end
function getsilence(threshold, granularity=0.1)
buf = load(infilename)
(buflen, channels) = size(buf)
startcut, endcut = 0, buflen
nframes = LibSndFile.nframes(buf)
fs = LibSndFile.samplerate(buf)
cchoices = cropchoice()
if cchoices[1] || cchoices[3]
pos = findfirst(i -> dB(buf, i, channels) > threshold, 2:buflen-1)
if pos == nothing
# all below threshold
return buflen, 0, buf, nframes, fs
else
startcut = Int(floor(((pos / fs) - (pos / fs) % granularity) * fs))
startcut = startcut < 1 ? 1 : startcut
end
end
if cchoices[2] || cchoices[3]
pos = findlast(i -> dB(buf, i, channels) > threshold, 2:buflen-1)
if pos != nothing
endcut = Int(ceil((granularity + (pos / fs) - (pos / fs) % granularity) * fs))
endcut = endcut > nframes ? nframes : endcut
end
end
return startcut, endcut, buf, nframes, fs
end
foreach(i -> signal_connect(toggleoutputactive, outchoices[i], :clicked), 1:2) foreach(i -> signal_connect(trimbuttonlabel, crop[i], :clicked), 1:3) signal_connect(pickoutput, pickoutfilebutton, :clicked) setfromtext(w) = (outfilename = get_gtk_property(textentry, :text, String)) signal_connect(pickinput, inbutton, :clicked) signal_connect(trimsilence, trimfilebutton, :clicked) toggleoutputactive(win)
cond = Condition() endit(w) = notify(cond) signal_connect(endit, win, :destroy) showall(win) wait(cond)
end
silencecropperapp() </lang>