Execute a system command: Difference between revisions
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* [[Get_system_command_output | Get system command output]]
<br><br>
=={{header|11l}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="11l">os:(‘pause’)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|ABAP}}==
ABAP report which checks if there is an external command called 'ls' for the os of the current application server. When running on Windows, it calls dir, for all other platforms ls. A new command is created if not existing and run.
<
*& Report ZEXEC_SYS_CMD
*&
Line 144 ⟶ 147:
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.</
=={{header|Ada}}==
Using the IEEE POSIX Ada standard, P1003.5c:
<
procedure Execute_A_System_Command is
Line 155 ⟶ 158:
POSIX.Append (Arguments, "ls");
POSIX.Unsafe_Process_Primitives.Exec_Search ("ls", Arguments);
end Execute_A_System_Command;</
Importing the C system() function:
<
procedure Execute_System is
Line 166 ⟶ 169:
begin
Ret_Val := Sys(To_C("ls"));
end Execute_System;</
Using the GNAT run-time library:
<
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with System.OS_Lib; use System.OS_Lib;
Line 190 ⟶ 193:
end loop;
end Execute_Synchronously;
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Aikido}}==
The simplest way to do this is using the <code>system()</code> function. It returns a vector of strings (the output from the command).
<
var lines = system ("ls")
foreach line lines {
println (line)
}
</syntaxhighlight>
If you don't want to process the output you can use the <code>exec</code> function. It writes the output to the standard output stream by default;
<
exec ("ls")
</syntaxhighlight>
You also have the regular <code>fork</code> and <code>execv</code> calls available:
<
var pid = fork()
if (pid == 0) {
Line 215 ⟶ 218:
waitpid (pid, status)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Aime}}==
<
ss.argv.insert("ls");
o_(ss.link);
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|ALGOL 68}}==
{{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release mk15-0.8b.fc9 - "system" is not part of the standard's prelude.}}
<
Or the classic "!" shell escape can be implemented as an "!" operator:
{{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release mk15-0.8b.fc9 - "system" & "ANDF" are not part of the standard's prelude.}}
<
IF ! "touch test.tmp" ANDF ( ! "ls test.tmp" ANDF ! "rm test.tmp" ) THEN
print (("test.tmp now gone!", new line))
FI</
=={{header|Amazing Hopper}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="amazing hopper">
#!/usr/bin/hopper
#include <hopper.h>
main:
/* execute "ls -lstar" with no result return (only displayed) */
{"ls -lstar"},execv
/* this form does not allow composition of the line with variables.
Save result in the variable "s", and then display it */
s=`ls -l | awk '{if($2=="2")print $0;}'`
{"\n",s,"\n"}print
data="2"
{""}tok sep
// the same as above, only I can compose the line:
{"ls -l | awk '{if($2==\"",data,"\")print $0;}'"}join(s),{s}exec,print
{"\n\n"}print
// this does the same as above, with an "execute" macro inside a "let" macro:
t=0,let (t := execute( {"ls -l | awk '{if($2==\""},{data},{"\")print $0;}'"} ))
{t,"\n"}print
{0}return
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|APL}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="apl">
∇ system s;handle
⍝⍝ NOTE: one MUST give the full absolute path to the program (eg. /bin/ls)
⍝⍝ Exercise: Can you improve this by parsing the value of
⍝⍝ ⎕ENV 'PATH' ?
⍝⍝
handle ← ⎕fio['fork_daemon'] s
⎕fio['fclose'] handle
∇
system '/bin/ls /var'
backups games lib lock mail run tmp
cache gemini local log opt spool
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|AppleScript}}==
<
=={{header|Applesoft BASIC}}==
<
=={{header|Arturo}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">print execute "ls"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==
<
=={{header|AutoIt}}==
<
=={{header|AWK}}==
Using system() function:
<
system("ls") # Unix
#system("dir") # DOS/MS-Windows
}</
Using getline command:
<
ls = sys2var("ls")
print ls
Line 271 ⟶ 325:
close(command)
return ship
}</
=={{header|BASIC}}==
<
==={{header|BaCon}}===
<
SYSTEM "ls"</
=={{header|BASIC256}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="basic256">system "dir"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Batch File}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|BBC BASIC}}==
On Acorn computers the *CAT command catalogues the current directory, the equivalent of the Unix ls command or the DOS/Windows dir command. The BBC BASIC OSCLI command passes a string to the Command Line Interpreter to execute a system command, it is the equivalent of C's system() command.
<
With BBC BASIC for Windows you can execute the Windows dir command:
<
And if running BBC BASIC on a Unix host, you can execute the ls command:
<
=={{header|Befunge}}==
{{works with|Befunge|98}}
Works with any Funge-98 on Unix, try https://tio.run/##S0pNK81LT9W1tNAtqAQz//9XKs5RsnX4/x8A
<syntaxhighlight lang="befunge">"sl"=@;pushes ls, = executes it, @ ends it;</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|BQN}}==
<code>•SH</code> is a function defined in the BQN spec, which provides output from a shell command.
The arguments to <code>•SH</code> are the command, followed by its arguments as a flat list of strings. For example:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bqn">•SH ⟨"ls"⟩</syntaxhighlight>
Will give an output as a list of three elements: the command's exit code, text written to stdout, and text written to stderr.
=={{header|Bracmat}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|Brat}}==
<
p subprocess.run :ls #Lists files in directory</
=={{header|Brlcad}}==
<
exec ls
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|C}}==
ISO C & POSIX:
<
int main()
Line 318 ⟶ 390:
system("ls");
return 0;
}</
=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
Using Windows / .NET:
<
namespace Execute
Line 337 ⟶ 405:
}
}
}</
{{works with|MCS|1.2.3.1}}
<
class Execute {
Line 349 ⟶ 417:
proc.Start();
}
}</
=={{header|C++}}==
{{works with|Visual C++|2005}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">system("pause");</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Clojure}}==
<
<
user=> (use '[clojure.java.shell :only [sh]])
Line 373 ⟶ 446:
drwxr-xr-x 4 zkim staff 136 Jul 5 13:15 src
, :err }
</syntaxhighlight>
<
user=> (use '[clojure.java.shell :only [sh]])
Line 390 ⟶ 463:
nil
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|CMake}}==
{{works with|Unix}}
<syntaxhighlight lang
Because of a quirk in the implementation ([http://cmake.org/gitweb?p=cmake.git;a=blob;f=Source/cmExecuteProcessCommand.cxx;hb=HEAD cmExecuteProcessCommand.cxx] and [http://cmake.org/gitweb?p=cmake.git;a=blob;f=Source/kwsys/ProcessUNIX.c;hb=HEAD ProcessUNIX.c]), CMake diverts the standard output to a pipe. The effect is like running <code>ls | cat</code> in the shell. The ''ls'' process inherits the original standard input and standard error, but receives a new pipe for standard output. CMake then reads this pipe and copies all data to the original standard output.
Line 400 ⟶ 473:
''execute_process()'' can also chain commands in a pipeeline, and capture output.
<
execute_process(
COMMAND printf "scale = 45; 4 * a(1) + 5 / 10 ^ 41\\n"
Line 406 ⟶ 479:
COMMAND sed -e "s/.\\{5\\}$//"
OUTPUT_VARIABLE pi OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
message(STATUS "pi is ${pi}")</
<pre>-- pi is 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841972</pre>
Line 412 ⟶ 485:
=={{header|COBOL}}==
{{works with|OpenCOBOL}}
<
=={{header|CoffeeScript}}==
{{works with|Node.js}}
<
{ spawn } = require 'child_process'
Line 426 ⟶ 499:
ls.on 'close', -> console.log "'ls' has finished executing."
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Common Lisp}}==
{{works with|CMUCL}}
<
{{works with|LispWorks}}
<
{{libheader|trivial-shell}}
<
{{libheader|uiop}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">; uiop is part of the de facto build system, asdf, so should be available to most installations.
; synchronous
(uiop:run-program "ls")
; async
(defparameter *process* (uiop:launch-program "ls"))
(uiop:wait-process *process*)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|D}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">
import std.process, std.stdio;
//these two alternatives wait for the process to return, and capture the output
Line 451 ⟶ 535:
writeln((ls_array.status == 0) ? ls_array.output : "command failed");
//other alternatives exist to spawn processes in parallel and capture output via pipes
</syntaxhighlight>
std.process.system() is deprecated.
=={{header|dc}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|DBL}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="dbl">XCALL SPAWN ("ls *.jpg > file.txt") ;execute command and continue
XCALL EXEC ("script.sh") ;execute script or binary and exit
STOP '@/bin/ls *.jpg > file.txt' ;exit and execute command</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|DCL}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang
Or, shorter<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|Delphi}}==
<
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
Line 469 ⟶ 560:
begin
ShellExecute(0, nil, 'cmd.exe', ' /c dir', nil, SW_HIDE);
end.</
=={{header|E}}==
<
ls("-l")
Line 481 ⟶ 572:
} catch problem {
print(`failed to execute ls: $problem`)
}</
=={{header|Emacs Lisp}}==
Synchronously (shell, interactive):
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">(shell-command "ls")</syntaxhighlight>
Asynchronously (shell, interactive):
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">(async-shell-command "ls")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Erlang}}==
<
=={{header|ERRE}}==
Line 498 ⟶ 592:
For example
<syntaxhighlight lang="text"> SHELL("DIR/W")</
lists the current directory and then returns to the program.
<
SHELL(cmd$)</
=={{header|Euphoria}}==
Euphoria has 2 systems command functions: '''system()''' and '''system_exec()'''.
<
-- the simplest way --
-- system spawns a new shell so I/O redirection is possible --
Line 538 ⟶ 632:
else
printf( STDERR, "command %s failed with code %d\n", ls_command, exit_code)
end if</
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
<
=={{header|Factor}}==
<
=={{header|Fantom}}==
Line 550 ⟶ 644:
The Process class handles creating and running external processes. in/out/err streams can be redirected, but default to the usual stdin/stdout/stderr. So following program prints result of 'ls' to the command line:
<
class Main
{
Line 559 ⟶ 653:
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Forth}}==
{{works with|gforth|0.6.2}}
<
=={{header|Fortran}}==
execute_command_line subroutine in Fortran 2008 and later runs a system command
<
program SystemTest
integer :: i
call execute_command_line ("ls", exitstat=i)
end program SystemTest
</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|gfortran}}
The <tt>SYSTEM</tt> subroutine (and function) are a GNU extension.
<
call system("ls")
end program SystemTest</
=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==
<
Shell "dir"
Sleep</
=={{header|Frink}}==
<
println[read[r.exec["dir"].getInputStream[]]]</
=={{header|FunL}}==
<
execute( if $os.startsWith('Windows') then 'dir' else 'ls' )</
=={{header|FutureBasic}}==
FB 7.0.23+
<
print unix(@"ls -A")
</syntaxhighlight>
Classic FB using Pascal strings
<syntaxhighlight>
local fn DoUnixCommand( cmd as str255 )
open "Unix", 2, cmd
Line 612 ⟶ 708:
fn DoUnixCommand( "ls -A" )
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
Line 641 ⟶ 737:
usr
var
</pre>
Modern FB using CFStrings
<syntaxhighlight>
include "NSLog.incl"
// For remote uses like curl
// #plist NSAppTransportSecurity @{NSAllowsArbitraryLoads:YES}
local fn RunTerminalCommand( cmd as CFStringRef ) as CFStringRef
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
ErrorRef err = NULL
CFStringRef outputStr = NULL
TaskRef task = fn TaskInit
TaskSetExecutableURL( task, fn URLFileURLWithPath( @"/bin/zsh" ) )
CFStringRef cmdStr = fn StringWithFormat( @"%@", cmd )
CFArrayRef args = fn ArrayWithObjects( @"-c", cmdStr, NULL )
TaskSetArguments( task, args )
PipeRef p = fn PipeInit
TaskSetStandardOutput( task, p )
TaskSetStandardError( task, p )
FileHandleRef fh = fn PipeFileHandleForReading( p )
fn TaskLaunch( task, NULL )
TaskWaitUntilExit( task )
CFDataRef dta = fn FileHandleReadDataToEndOfFile( fh, @err )
if err then NSLog( @"Error reading file: %@", fn ErrorLocalizedDescription( err ) ) : exit fn
fn FileHandleClose( fh, @err )
if err then NSLog( @"Error closing file: %@", fn ErrorLocalizedDescription( err ) ) : exit fn
outputStr = fn StringWithData( dta, NSUTF8StringEncoding )
end fn = outputStr
CFStringRef cmd
cmd = @"cal 2023"
NSLog( @"%@", fn RunTerminalCommand( cmd ) )
HandleEvents
</syntaxhighlight>
{{output}}
<pre>
2023
January February March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31
April May June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30
30
July August September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
30 31
October November December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
</pre>
=={{header|Gambas}}==
'''[https://gambas-playground.proko.eu/?gist=9460b39a86794a7346a390aeb50fc5cf Click this link to run this code]'''
<
Shell "ls -aul"
End</
Output:
<pre>
Line 661 ⟶ 841:
etc....
</pre>
=={{header|Genie}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="genie">[indent=4]
/*
Execute system command, in Genie
valac executeSystemCommand.gs
./executeSystemCommand
*/
init
try
// Non Blocking
Process.spawn_command_line_async("ls")
except e : SpawnError
stderr.printf("%s\n", e.message)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
Output is asynchronous (could be made synchronous with ''spawn_command_line_sync''), and elided here for the sample capture.
<pre>prompt$ valac executeSystemCommand.gs
prompt$ ./executeSystemCommand
...
aplusb executeSystemCommand hello.gs helloNoNewline.gs
memavail progress-bar readfile.vapi stringsample.vala
...
</pre>
=={{header|gnuplot}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="gnuplot">!ls</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Go}}==
<
import (
Line 678 ⟶ 888:
log.Fatal(err)
}
}</
=={{header|Groovy}}==
<
=={{header|GUISS}}==
<
=={{header|Haskell}}==
{{works with|GHC|GHCi|6.6}}
<
main = system "ls"
</syntaxhighlight>
See also: the [http://www.haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/process-1.2.0.0/System-Process.html System.Process] module
=={{header|HicEst}}==
<
SYSTEM(CoMmand='dir & pause') </
=={{header|HolyC}}==
Line 709 ⟶ 915:
For example, to execute the <code>Dir</code> command:
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==
The code below selects the 'ls' or 'dir' command at runtime based on the UNIX feature.
<
write("Trying command ",cmd := if &features == "UNIX" then "ls" else "dir")
system(cmd)
end</
Unicon extends system to allow specification of files and a wait/nowait parameter as in the examples below.
<syntaxhighlight lang="icon">
pid := system(command_string,&input,&output,&errout,"wait")
pid := system(command_string,&input,&output,&errout,"nowait")
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|IDL}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang
Will execute "ls" with output to the screen.
<
will execute it and store the result in the string array "result".
<
will execute it asynchronously and direct any output from it into the LUN "unit" from whence it can be read at any (later) time.
=={{header|Io}}==
<
=={{header|IS-BASIC}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="is-basic">100 EXT "dir"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|J}}==
The system command interface in J is provided by the standard "task" script:
<
NB. Execute a command and wait for it to complete
Line 759 ⟶ 969:
NB. and capture its stdout
stdin =: 'blahblahblah'
stdout =: stdin spawn 'grep blah'</
Note that on unix systems, you can also use the [http://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/dx002.htm 2!:x family] of foreign verbs to execute system commands.
Line 765 ⟶ 975:
=={{header|Java}}==
{{works with|Java|1.5+}}
<
import java.io.*;
Line 779 ⟶ 989:
}
}
}</
{{works with|Java|1.4+}}
There are two ways to run system commands. The simple way, which will hang the JVM (I would be interested in some kind of reason). -- this happens because the the inputStream buffer fills up and blocks until it gets read. Moving your .waitFor after reading the InputStream would fix your issue (as long as your error stream doesn't fill up)
<
import java.io.InputStream;
Line 821 ⟶ 1,031:
}</
And the right way, which uses threading to read the InputStream given by the process.
<
import java.io.InputStream;
Line 887 ⟶ 1,097:
}
}
}</
=={{header|JavaScript}}==
Line 893 ⟶ 1,103:
{{works with|JScript}}
<
shell.run("cmd /c dir & pause");</
{{works with|Rhino}}
<
print("===");
var options = {
Line 906 ⟶ 1,116:
};
runCommand("cmd", options);
print(options.output);</
=={{header|Joy}}==
<
=={{header|Julia}}==
The Julia manual has an excellent [http://docs.julialang.org/en/release-0.3/manual/running-external-programs/ section] on this topic, which is worth a read. The short answer on Linux is:
<syntaxhighlight lang
{{out}}
Line 930 ⟶ 1,140:
Execute "ls"
<syntaxhighlight lang
Execute "ls" and capture the output in the variable "r":
<
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
<
import java.util.Scanner
Line 945 ⟶ 1,155:
while (it.hasNextLine()) println(it.nextLine())
}
}</
=={{header|Lang5}}==
For one-word commands:
<syntaxhighlight lang
For multi-word commands:
<
=={{header|Lasso}}==
<
path = file_forceroot,
ls = sys_process('/bin/ls', (:'-l', #path)),
Line 961 ⟶ 1,171:
'<pre>'
#ls -> read
'</pre>'</
<pre>total 16
drwxr-xr-x 8 _lasso staff 272 Nov 10 08:13 mydir
Line 971 ⟶ 1,181:
In the LFE REPL:
<
> (os:cmd "ls -alrt")
</syntaxhighlight>
That will display output on a single line, with literal newlines.
Line 979 ⟶ 1,189:
For pretty output, compose with <code>io:format</code>:
<
> (io:format (os:cmd "ls -alrt"))
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Liberty BASIC}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="lb">
drive1$ = left$(Drives$,1)
run "cmd.exe /";drive1$;" dir & pause"
</
=={{header|Limbo}}==
Line 1,005 ⟶ 1,205:
This version passes its argument list through to ls:
<
include "sys.m"; sys: Sys;
Line 1,028 ⟶ 1,228:
sys->fprint(sys->fildes(2), "runls: %s: %r", s);
raise "fail:errors";
}</
It's not strictly necessary to pass the graphics context to ls, but it is generally a good idea to do so when calling another program.
=={{header|Lingo}}==
{{libheader|Shell Xtra}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lingo">sx = xtra("Shell").new()
if the platform contains "win" then
put sx.shell_cmd("dir")
else
put sx.shell_cmd("ls")
end if</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Locomotive Basic}}==
Line 1,036 ⟶ 1,245:
The Amstrad CPC464 uses a ROM based basic interpreter, so every statement within the program is a system command. If a command without a line number is typed, whilst the computer is in a ready state, the command gets executed immediately. There is no pause command, so in this example, we use the list command (which exhibits totally different behaviour to a pause command):
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|Logo}}==
{{works with|UCB Logo}}
The lines of output of the SHELL command are returned as a list.
<
=={{header|Logtalk}}==
Using the standard library:
<
=={{header|Lua}}==
<
os.execute("ls")
-- to execute and capture the output, use io.popen
local f = io.popen("ls") -- store the output in a "file"
print( f:read("*a") ) -- print out the "file"'s content</
=={{header|M2000 Interpreter}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="m2000 interpreter">
Locale 1033 // for the chr$(string) : converτ ANSI to UTF16LE
Dos "chdir "+quote$(dir$)+"&& dir /w > out.txt";
Wait 100
Print "Press Space or Mouse to see next page"
A$=chr$(eval$(buffer("out.txt")))
Report a$ // view text using proportional typing, and at pages, with 3/4height scroll
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|M4}}==
<
=={{header|Make}}==
Line 1,063 ⟶ 1,285:
in definition
<
curdir=`pwd`</
in target
<
cat foo | grep mytext</
=={{header|Maple}}==
<
=={{header|Mathematica}} / {{header|Wolfram Language}}==
<
=={{header|MATLAB}}==
Line 1,081 ⟶ 1,303:
Sample Usage:
<
Press any key to continue . . .
Line 1,089 ⟶ 1,311:
0
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Maxima}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">system("dir > list.txt")$</
=={{header|MAXScript}}==
<
=={{header|Mercury}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
:- module execute_sys_cmd.
:- interface.
Line 1,109 ⟶ 1,331:
main(!IO) :-
io.call_system("ls", _Result, !IO).
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|min}}==
{{works with|min|0.19.3}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="min">!dir</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Modula-2}}==
<
FROM SYSTEM IMPORT ADR;
Line 1,146 ⟶ 1,371:
InOut.WriteLn;
InOut.WriteBf
END tri.</
=={{header|Modula-3}}==
Line 1,152 ⟶ 1,377:
Also note the <code>EVAL</code> keyword, which ignores the return value of a function.
<
IMPORT Unix, M3toC;
Line 1,161 ⟶ 1,386:
EVAL Unix.system(command);
M3toC.FreeCopiedS(command);
END Exec.</
=={{header|MUMPS}}==
<p>ANSI MUMPS doesn't allow access to the operating system except possibly through the View command and $View function, both of which are implementation specific. Intersystems' Caché does allow you to create processes with the $ZF function, and if the permissions for the Caché process allow it you can perform operating system commands.</p>
<p>In Caché on OpenVMS in an FILES-11 filesystem ODS-5 mode this could work:
<
<p>In GT.M on OpenVMS, the following will work:
<
<p>GT.M on UNIX is the same:
<
<p>Note: $ZF in GT.M is Unicode version of $F[ind].</p>
=={{header|Nanoquery}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="nanoquery">shell("ls")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|NetRexx}}==
{{Trans|Java}}
<
options replace format comments java crossref symbols binary
Line 1,183 ⟶ 1,412:
return
-- 10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)10:43, 27 August 2022 (UTC)~~
method runSample(arg) private static
parse arg command
Line 1,198 ⟶ 1,427:
end
return
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|NewLISP}}==
<
=={{header|Nim}}==
<
let exitCode = execCmd "ls"
let (output, exitCode2) = execCmdEx "ls"</
=={{header|Objective-C}}==
{{works with|GCC}}<br>
NSTask runs an external process with explicit path and arguments.
<
{
[[NSTask launchedTaskWithLaunchPath:@"/bin/ls"
arguments:@[]] waitUntilExit];
}</
If you need to run a system command, invoke the shell:
<
{
[[NSTask launchedTaskWithLaunchPath:@"/bin/sh"
arguments:@[@"-c", cmd]]
waitUntilExit];
}</
Complete usage example:
Line 1,229 ⟶ 1,458:
{{works with|Cocoa}}<br>
{{works with|GNUstep}}
<
void runSystemCommand(NSString *cmd)
Line 1,245 ⟶ 1,474:
}
return 0;
}</
Or use the C method above.
Line 1,251 ⟶ 1,480:
Just run the command:
<
To capture the output of the command:
<
let syscall cmd =
Line 1,268 ⟶ 1,497:
(Buffer.contents buf)
let listing = syscall "ls" ;;</
a more complete version which also returns the contents from stderr, and checks the exit-status, and where the environment can be specified:
<
| Unix.WEXITED 0 -> ()
| Unix.WEXITED r -> Printf.eprintf "warning: the process terminated with exit code (%d)\n%!" r
Line 1,293 ⟶ 1,522:
check_exit_status exit_status;
(Buffer.contents buf1,
Buffer.contents buf2)</
val syscall : ?env:string array -> string -> string * string
=={{header|Octave}}==
<
=={{header|Oforth}}==
<
=={{header|Oz}}==
<
A more sophisticated example can be found [http://www.mozart-oz.org/home/doc/op/node17.html here].
=={{header|PARI/GP}}==
<
=={{header|Pascal}}==
{{works with|Free_Pascal}} {{libheader|SysUtils}}
<
uses
Line 1,320 ⟶ 1,549:
begin
ExecuteProcess('/bin/ls', '-alh');
end.</
=={{header|PDP-11 Assembly}}==
PDP-11 running Unix
<
;
; On entry, r1=>nul-terminated command string
Line 1,404 ⟶ 1,610:
EQUW 0
EQUW 0
EQUW 0</
So, call with, for example:
<
jsr pc,CLIsystem
...
.cmd_ls EQUS "ls",0</
=={{header|Perl}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">my @results = qx(ls); # run command and return STDOUT as a string
my @results = `ls`; # same, alternative syntax
system "ls"; # run command and return exit status; STDOUT of command goes program STDOUT
print `ls`; # same, but with back quotes
exec "ls"; # replace current process with another</syntaxhighlight>
See also:
http://perldoc.perl.org/perlipc.html#Using-open()-for-IPC
http://perldoc.perl.org/IPC/Open3.html
=={{header|Phix}}==
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(notonline)-->
<span style="color: #008080;">without</span> <span style="color: #008080;">js</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">string</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cmd</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">platform</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()=</span><span style="color: #004600;">WINDOWS</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #008000;">"dir"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #008000;">"ls"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">system</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cmd</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">system_exec</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"pause"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
system_exec allows you to specify whether you want a command shell or not, and whether to wait for a result. In the case of pause, the 4 signifies that we need a shell and we want to wait for it to complete.
=={{header|PHP}}==
The first line execute the command and the second line display the output:
<
echo nl2br($output);</
'''Note:'''The '@' is here to prevent error messages to be displayed, 'nl2br' translate '\n' chars to 'br' in HTML.
Other:
<
# runs command and returns its STDOUT as a string
Line 1,434 ⟶ 1,658:
passthru("ls");
# like system() but binary-safe</
See also: [http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.proc-open.php proc_open()]
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
<
=={{header|Pike}}==
<
// Process.run was added in Pike 7.8 as a wrapper to simplify the use of Process.create_process()
mapping response = Process.run("ls -l");
Line 1,453 ⟶ 1,677:
Process.create_process(({"ls", "-l"}), ([ "stdout" : stdout->pipe() ]) );
write(stdout->read() + "\n");
}</
=={{header|Plain English}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
A command is a string.
A parameter is a string.
To run:
Start up.
Execute "dir" on the command line.
Shut down.
To execute a command on the command line:
Put "/c " then the command into a parameter.
Null terminate the parameter.
Put "cmd" into a string.
Null terminate the string.
Call "shell32.dll" "ShellExecuteA" with nil and nil and the string's first and the parameter's first and nil and 1.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Pop11}}==
The sysobey function runs commands using a shell:
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|PowerShell}}==
Since PowerShell is a shell, running commands is the default operation.
<
ls
Get-ChildItem</
are all equivalent (the first two are aliases for the third) but they are PowerShell-native commands. If one really needs to execute <code>dir</code> (which is no program but rather a built-in command in <code>cmd.exe</code>) this can be achieved by
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|Prolog}}==
Line 1,472 ⟶ 1,714:
{{works with|GNU Prolog}}
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|PureBasic}}==
<
system(str.p-ascii)
EndImport
Line 1,484 ⟶ 1,727:
Input()
CloseConsole()
EndIf</
=={{header|Python}}==
<
exit_code = os.system('ls') # Just execute the command, return a success/fail code
output = os.popen('ls').read() # If you want to get the output data. Deprecated.</
or
{{works with|Python|2.7 (and above)}}
<
# if the exit code was non-zero these commands raise a CalledProcessError
exit_code = subprocess.check_call(['ls', '-l']) # Python 2.5+
assert exit_code == 0
output = subprocess.check_output(['ls', '-l']) # Python 2.7+</
or
{{works with|Python|2.4 (and above)}}
<
p = Popen('ls', stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT)
print p.communicate()[0]</
'''Note:''' The latter is the preferred method for calling external processes, although cumbersome, it gives you finer control over the process.
Line 1,511 ⟶ 1,754:
{{works with|Python|2.2 (and above)}}
<
stat, out = commands.getstatusoutput('ls')
if not stat:
print out</
=={{header|Quackery}}==
{{trans|Python}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="quackery">$ \
import os
exit_code = os.system('ls')
\ python</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Quackery Quick Reference.pdf extensionsX.qky
READ ME FIRST.txt quackery.py
The Book of Quackery for print.pdf sundry
The Book of Quackery.pdf turtleduck.qky
bigrat.qky</pre>
=={{header|R}}==
<
output=system("ls",intern=TRUE)</
=={{header|Racket}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="racket">
#lang racket
Line 1,536 ⟶ 1,796:
;; avoid specifying the executable path
(system* (find-executable-path "/bin/ls") "-l")
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>run "ls" orelse .die; # output to stdout
my @ls = qx/ls/; # output to variable
my $cmd = 'ls';
@ls = qqx/$cmd/; # same thing with interpolation</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Raven}}==
Back tick string is auto executed:
<syntaxhighlight lang
Or specifically on any string:
<
=={{header|REBOL}}==
<
x: "" call/output "dir" x
Line 1,562 ⟶ 1,831:
; The 'shell' refinement may be necessary to launch some programs.
call/shell "notepad.exe"</
=={{header|Red}}==
<
call/show %pause ;The /show refinement forces the display of system's shell window (Windows only).
call/show %dir
call/show %notepad.exe</
=={{header|REXX}}==
Since REXX is a shell scripting language, it's easy to execute commands:
<
=={{header|Ring}}==
<
system("dir")
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Ruby}}==
<
# runs command and returns its STDOUT as a string
string = %x{ls}
Line 1,597 ⟶ 1,866:
io = IO.popen('ls')
# ... later
io.each {|line| puts line}</
=={{header|Run BASIC}}==
<
a$ = shell$("ls") ' holds returned data in a$</
=={{header|Rust}}==
<
fn main() {
let output = Command::new("ls").output().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
Line 1,611 ⟶ 1,880:
println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Scala}}==
<
Process("ls", Seq("-oa"))!</
=={{header|Scheme}}==
{{works with|Guile}}
{{works with|Chicken Scheme}}
<
=={{header|Seed7}}==
Line 1,632 ⟶ 1,901:
Anyway, the task was to use a system command, so here is the example:
<
include "shell.s7i";
Line 1,638 ⟶ 1,907:
begin
cmd_sh("ls");
end func;</
=={{header|SETL}}==
<
=={{header|Sidef}}==
<
%p(ls).open_r.each { |line|
print line;
Line 1,653 ⟶ 1,922:
Sys.system('ls'); # system: executes a command and prints the result
Sys.exec('ls'); # replaces current process with another</
=={{header|Slate}}==
Line 1,659 ⟶ 1,928:
Run a command normally through the shell:
<syntaxhighlight lang
Run a command (this way takes advantage of the 'does not understand' message for the shell object and calls the Platform run: command above with a specific command):
<
=={{header|Smalltalk}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang
=={{header|SQL PL}}==
{{works with|Db2 LUW}}
In Linux or UNIX:
<
!ls
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
Line 1,695 ⟶ 1,959:
</pre>
In Windows:
<
!dir
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Standard ML}}==
Just run the command:
<syntaxhighlight lang="sml">OS.Process.system "ls"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Stata}}==
Line 1,704 ⟶ 1,973:
The command '''!''' (or equivalently '''shell'''), opens a Windows console to run the command, while '''winexec''' does not.
<
* print a message and wait
Line 1,716 ⟶ 1,985:
* load Windows Notepad
winexec notepad</
=={{header|Tcl}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang
This page uses "ls" as the primary example. For what it's worth, Tcl has built-in primitives for retrieving lists of files so one would rarely ever directly exec an ls command.
Line 1,726 ⟶ 1,995:
It is also possible to execute a system command by "open"ing it through a pipe from whence any output of the command can be read at any (later) time. For example:
<
would execute "ls" and pipe the result into the channel whose name is put in the "io" variable. From there one could receive it either line by line like this:
<syntaxhighlight lang
or read the whole shebang in a fell swoop:
<syntaxhighlight lang
If the command is opened "rw", it is even possible to send it user input through the same handle, though care must be taken with buffering in that case.
<syntaxhighlight lang="tcl">exec C:/Windows/System32/taskmgr.exe &</syntaxhighlight>
Runs the Task Manager on Windows. If running from a Tcl/Tk Gui the [ & ] prevents blocking the Gui.
=={{header|Toka}}==
<
" ls" system</
=={{header|TUSCRIPT}}==
<
$$ MODE TUSCRIPT
system=SYSTEM ()
Line 1,751 ⟶ 2,024:
EXECUTE "ls -l"
ENDIF
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|UNIX Shell}}==
UNIX shells are designed to run system commands as a default operation.
<syntaxhighlight lang
If one wishes to replace the shell process with some other command (chain into some command with no return) one can use the '''''exec''''' shell built-in command.
<syntaxhighlight lang
===Command substitution===
Line 1,765 ⟶ 2,038:
With [[Bourne Shell]]:
<
With [[Korn Shell]] or any modern shell:
<
* '''Note 1:''' in <code>`ls`</code>, these are "backticks" rather than quotes or apostrophes.
Line 1,776 ⟶ 2,049:
The '''`...`''' form is difficult to nest, but the '''$(...)''' form is very nestable.
<
output=$(expr $(echo hi | wc -c) - 1)</
Both forms, `backticks` and '''$(...)''', also work inside double-quoted strings. This prevents file name expansion and also prevents word splitting.
<
echo "Found: $(grep 80/tcp /etc/services)"</
==={{header|C Shell}}===
C Shell also runs system commands, and has an '''exec''' built-in command, exactly like Bourne Shell.
<
exec ls # replace shell with command</
`Backticks` are slightly different. When inside double quotes, as '''"`...`"''', C Shell splits words at newlines, like '''"line 1" "line 2" ...''', but preserves spaces and tabs.
<
echo "Line 1: $output[1]"
echo "Line 2: $output[2]"</
=={{header|Ursa}}==
<
decl string<> output
decl iodevice iod
Line 1,807 ⟶ 2,080:
for (decl int i) (< i (size output)) (inc i)
out output<i> endl console
end for</
=={{header|Ursala}}==
Line 1,819 ⟶ 2,092:
Here is a self-contained command line application providing a limited replacement
for the ls command.
<
#import cli
#executable ('parameterized','')
myls = <.file$[contents: --<''>]>@hm+ (ask bash)/0+ -[ls --color=no]-!</
The color option is needed to suppress terminal escape sequences.
=={{header|VBScript}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="vb">
Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
objShell.Run "%comspec% /K dir",3,True
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Vedit macro language}}==
<
The above does not work on 64-bit Windows versions which do not have 16-bit DOS emulation.
In this case, you need to call cmd.exe explicitly:
<
=={{header|Visual Basic}}==
Shelling out a sub task in Visual Basic is rather a pain if you need to wait for the task to complete, which
is probably the usual case. But it is possible.
<
Option Explicit
Line 1,920 ⟶ 2,193:
Sub SpawnDir()
ShellAndWait("dir", 10)
End Sub</
=={{header|Visual Basic .NET}}==
{{works with|Visual Basic .NET|9.0+}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">Module System_Command
Sub Main()
Dim cmd As New Process
cmd.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe"
cmd.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = True
cmd.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = True
cmd.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = True
cmd.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = False
cmd.Start()
cmd.StandardInput.WriteLine("dir")
cmd.StandardInput.Flush()
cmd.StandardInput.Close()
Console.WriteLine(cmd.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd)
End Sub
End Module
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|V (Vlang)}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="v (vlang)">
import os
fn main() {
result := os.execute('cmd /c dir')
if result.output !='' {println(result.output)}
else {println('Error: not working') exit(1)}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Wart}}==
<
=={{header|Wren}}==
Wren CLI doesn't currently expose a way to execute a system command.
However, if Wren is embedded in (say) a suitable Go program, then we can ask the latter to do it for us.
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">/* Execute_a_system_command.wren */
class Command {
foreign static exec(name, param) // the code for this is provided by Go
}
Command.exec("ls", "-lt")
System.print()
Command.exec("dir", "")</syntaxhighlight>
which we embed in the following Go program and run it.
{{libheader|WrenGo}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="go">/* Execute_a_system_command.go*/
package main
import (
wren "github.com/crazyinfin8/WrenGo"
"log"
"os"
"os/exec"
)
type any = interface{}
func execCommand(vm *wren.VM, parameters []any) (any, error) {
name := parameters[1].(string)
param := parameters[2].(string)
var cmd *exec.Cmd
if param != "" {
cmd = exec.Command(name, param)
} else {
cmd = exec.Command(name)
}
cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
return nil, nil
}
func main() {
vm := wren.NewVM()
fileName := "Execute_a_system_command.wren"
methodMap := wren.MethodMap{"static exec(_,_)": execCommand}
classMap := wren.ClassMap{"Command": wren.NewClass(nil, nil, methodMap)}
module := wren.NewModule(classMap)
vm.SetModule(fileName, module)
vm.InterpretFile(fileName)
vm.Free()
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|x86 Assembly}}==
{{works with|NASM}}
{{works with|Linux}}
32 bit
<syntaxhighlight lang="asm">
; Executes '/bin/ls'
; Build with:
; nasm -felf32 execls.asm
; ld -m elf_i386 execls.o -o execls
global _start
section .text
_start:
mov eax, 0x0B ; sys_execve(char *str, char **args, char **envp)
mov ebx, .path ; pathname
push DWORD 0
push DWORD .path
lea ecx, [esp] ; arguments [pathname]
xor edx, edx ; environment variables []
int 0x80 ; syscall
.path:
db '/bin/ls', 0x00
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Yabasic}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="yabasic">system("dir")
//It will return the exit code of the command; its output (if any) will be lost.
print system$("dir")
//Returns the output as a large string.</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|zkl}}==
<
=={{header|ZX Spectrum Basic}}==
Line 1,932 ⟶ 2,329:
The ZX Spectrum uses a ROM based basic interpreter, so every statement within the program is a system command. If a command without a line number is typed, whilst the computer is in a ready state, the command gets executed immediately:
<syntaxhighlight lang
{{omit from|EasyLang}}
{{omit from|Retro}}
{{omit from|TI-83 BASIC}} {{omit from|TI-89 BASIC}} <!-- Does not have an external OS/command processor. -->
|