Non-decimal radices/Input: Difference between revisions
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The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task [[
For general number base conversion, see [[Non-decimal radices/Convert]].
=={{header|11l}}==
{{trans|Python}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="11l">V s = ‘100’
L(base) 2..20
print(‘String '#.' in base #. is #. in base 10’.format(s, base, Int(s, radix' base)))</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
String '100' in base 2 is 4 in base 10
String '100' in base 3 is 9 in base 10
String '100' in base 4 is 16 in base 10
String '100' in base 5 is 25 in base 10
String '100' in base 6 is 36 in base 10
String '100' in base 7 is 49 in base 10
String '100' in base 8 is 64 in base 10
String '100' in base 9 is 81 in base 10
String '100' in base 10 is 100 in base 10
String '100' in base 11 is 121 in base 10
String '100' in base 12 is 144 in base 10
String '100' in base 13 is 169 in base 10
String '100' in base 14 is 196 in base 10
String '100' in base 15 is 225 in base 10
String '100' in base 16 is 256 in base 10
String '100' in base 17 is 289 in base 10
String '100' in base 18 is 324 in base 10
String '100' in base 19 is 361 in base 10
String '100' in base 20 is 400 in base 10
</pre>
=={{header|Ada}}==
Line 18 ⟶ 49:
numbers.adb:
<
procedure Numbers is
package Int_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (Integer);
Line 31 ⟶ 62:
Float_IO.Put (Float'Value ("16#F.FF#E+2"));
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
end Numbers;</
Output:
Line 40 ⟶ 71:
=={{header|Aime}}==
<
o_byte('\n');
o_integer(alpha("224000000", 5));
Line 50 ⟶ 81:
o_byte('\n');
o_integer(alpha("0xf4240", 0));
o_byte('\n');</
=={{header|ALGOL 68}}==
Line 57 ⟶ 88:
{{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release [http://sourceforge.net/projects/algol68/files/algol68g/algol68g-1.18.0/algol68g-1.18.0-9h.tiny.el5.centos.fc11.i386.rpm/download 1.18.0-9h.tiny]}}
{{wont work with|ELLA ALGOL 68|Any (with appropriate job cards) - tested with release [http://sourceforge.net/projects/algol68/files/algol68toc/algol68toc-1.8.8d/algol68toc-1.8-8d.fc9.i386.rpm/download 1.8-8d] - due to extensive use of FORMATted transput}}
<
(
FILE fbuf; STRING sbuf;
Line 81 ⟶ 112:
printf(($gl$, ABS num)) # prints 666 #
)</
Output:
<pre>
Line 89 ⟶ 120:
+666
</pre>
=={{header|Arturo}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">print to :integer "10" ; 10
print from.hex "10" ; 16
print from.octal "120" ; 80
print from.binary "10101" ; 21</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>10
16
80
21</pre>
=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==
Line 95 ⟶ 141:
=={{header|BBC BASIC}}==
<
PRINT VAL("0")
PRINT VAL("123456789")
Line 104 ⟶ 150:
PRINT EVAL("%1111111111")
PRINT EVAL("&ABCD")
PRINT EVAL("&FFFFFFFF")</
'''Output:'''
<pre>
Line 119 ⟶ 165:
In addition to <tt>strtol()</tt> described in the Number base conversion task, you could also use the <code>scanf</code> family of functions to parse un-prefixed hexadecimal, decimal, and octal numbers:
<
int main()
Line 137 ⟶ 183:
return 0;
}</
The <code>strtol()</code> function can also parse prefixed hexadecimal, octal, and decimal strings based on the prefix, when passed a base of 0:
<
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
Line 164 ⟶ 210:
return 0;
}</
=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
<
class Program
Line 182 ⟶ 228:
}
}
}</
Output:
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">100 in base 2 is 4 in base 10
100 in base 8 is 64 in base 10
100 in base 10 is 100 in base 10
100 in base 16 is 256 in base 10</
=={{header|C++}}==
<
#include <sstream>
Line 211 ⟶ 258:
return 0;
}</
=={{header|Common Lisp}}==
<
If <code>:radix</code> is omitted, it defaults to 10. If <code>:junk-allowed</code> is omitted, it defaults to <code>nil</code>, causing <code>#'parse-integer</code> to signal an error of type <code>parse-error</code> rather than just returning <code>nil</code> whenever the input string isn't a numeral possibly surrounded by whitespace.
=={{header|D}}==
{{trans|Python}}
<
void main() {
Line 226 ⟶ 274:
writefln("String '%s' in base %d is %d in base 10" ,
text, base, to!int(text, base));
}</
{{out}}
<pre>String '100' in base 2 is 4 in base 10
Line 247 ⟶ 295:
String '100' in base 19 is 361 in base 10
String '100' in base 20 is 400 in base 10</pre>
=={{header|Delphi}}==
{{works with|Delphi|6.0}}
{{libheader|SysUtils,StdCtrls}}
Delphi has built in functions that can input numbers in decimal and hexadecimal. Here is simple subroutine that can input number in any radix from 2 to 36.
<syntaxhighlight lang="Delphi">
function InputByRadix(S: string; Radix: integer): integer;
{Coverts the input string of the specified radix to an integer}
{Accepts digits in the range 0..9 and A..Z and ignores anything else}
var I,B: integer;
begin
Result:=0;
S:=UpperCase(S);
for I:=1 to Length(S) do
begin
if S[I] in ['0'..'9'] then B:=byte(S[I])-$30
else if S[I] in ['A'..'Z'] then B:=byte(S[I])-$41;
Result:=Result * Radix + B;
end;
end;
procedure ShowRadixInput(Memo: TMemo);
var Base,I: integer;
begin
for Base:=2 to 20 do
begin
I:=InputByRadix('100',Base);
Memo.Lines.Add(Format('String "100" in base %2D is %3D in Base 10',[Base,I]));
end;
end;
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
String "100" in base 2 is 4 in Base 10
String "100" in base 3 is 9 in Base 10
String "100" in base 4 is 16 in Base 10
String "100" in base 5 is 25 in Base 10
String "100" in base 6 is 36 in Base 10
String "100" in base 7 is 49 in Base 10
String "100" in base 8 is 64 in Base 10
String "100" in base 9 is 81 in Base 10
String "100" in base 10 is 100 in Base 10
String "100" in base 11 is 121 in Base 10
String "100" in base 12 is 144 in Base 10
String "100" in base 13 is 169 in Base 10
String "100" in base 14 is 196 in Base 10
String "100" in base 15 is 225 in Base 10
String "100" in base 16 is 256 in Base 10
String "100" in base 17 is 289 in Base 10
String "100" in base 18 is 324 in Base 10
String "100" in base 19 is 361 in Base 10
String "100" in base 20 is 400 in Base 10
</pre>
=={{header|E}}==
Line 252 ⟶ 357:
[[Category:E examples needing attention]] <!-- Is it appropriate to explicitly use __makeInt in this situation, or should it be preferred to import? Does the answer to this change in the presence of a module system? -->
<
# value: 512
? __makeInt("200", 10)
# value: 200</
=={{header|EasyLang}}==
<syntaxhighlight>
repeat
s$ = input
until s$ = ""
a = number s$
print a
.
#
input_data
1234
0xa0
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
1234
160
</pre>
=={{header|Elixir}}==
base: 2 .. 36
<syntaxhighlight lang="elixir">iex(1)> String.to_integer("1000")
1000
iex(2)> String.to_integer("1000",2)
8
iex(3)> String.to_integer("1000",8)
512
iex(4)> String.to_integer("1000",16)
4096
iex(5)> String.to_integer("ffff",16)
65535</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Erlang}}==
Line 265 ⟶ 402:
78300
</pre>
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="fsharp">let value = "100"
let fromBases = [ 2; 8; 10; 16 ]
let values = Seq.initInfinite (fun i -> value)
Seq.zip fromBases (Seq.zip values fromBases |> Seq.map (System.Convert.ToInt32))
|> Seq.iter (
fun (fromBase, valueFromBaseX) ->
printfn "%s in base %i is %i in base 10" value fromBase valueFromBaseX)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>100 in base 2 is 4 in base 10
100 in base 8 is 64 in base 10
100 in base 10 is 100 in base 10
100 in base 16 is 256 in base 10</pre>
=={{header|Factor}}==
Line 278 ⟶ 429:
99
Note that these words are very simple : for example, here's oct> :
<
: oct> ( str -- n/f ) 8 base> ; inline</
Also, fractions are handled transparently :
( scratchpad ) "1+F/2" hex> .
Line 288 ⟶ 439:
( scratchpad ) "11.1101" bin> .
11.1101
=={{header|Forth}}==
Arbitrary base 2-36 parsing is supported by the same mechanism as [[User Input#Forth|decimal parsing]]: set the user variable BASE to the desired base, then scan the number. There are two convenience words for setting the base to DECIMAL or HEX.
<
0. 2SWAP DUP >R >NUMBER NIP NIP
R> <> DUP 0= IF NIP THEN ;
: base# ( str len base -- u true | false )
BASE @ >R BASE ! parse# R> BASE ! ;</
=={{header|Fortran}}==
{{works with|Fortran|90 and later}}
<
implicit none
Line 321 ⟶ 473:
write(*,*) num ! Prints 666
end program</
=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==
FreeBASIC has built-in string to integer conversion functions which automatically recognize numbers in hexadecimal,
decimal, octal or binary format provided that they are prefixed by &H, (nothing), &O and &B respectively. Here's
an example:
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">' FB 1.05.0 Win64
Dim s(1 To 4) As String = {"&H1a", "26", "&O32", "&B11010"} '' 26 in various bases
For i As Integer = 1 To 4
Print s(i); Tab(9); "="; CInt(s(i))
Next
Sleep</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
&H1a = 26
26 = 26
&O32 = 26
&B11010 = 26
</pre>
=={{header|Free Pascal}}==
Pascal, as defined in ISO 7185, only demands that ''decimal'' integers can be read with <tt>read</tt>/<tt>readLn</tt>.
As an extension, however, the implementation of <tt>read</tt>/<tt>readLn</tt>/<tt>readStr</tt> contained in the standard RTL (run-time library) shipped with FPC (Free Pascal Compiler) supports reading integers that meet the requirements of FreePascal’s own <tt>integer</tt> literal syntax.
Furthermore, <tt>0x</tt>/<tt>0X</tt> is recognized as a hexadecimal base indicator, although in source code it would be illegal.
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal">
program readIntegers(input, output);
var
i: aluSInt;
begin
while not EOF(input) do
begin
readLn(i);
writeLn(i:24);
end;
end.
</syntaxhighlight>
If the input is too large and cannot be stored in an <tt>integer</tt> (<tt>aluSInt</tt>), a run-time error is generated.
{{out}}
<pre>
$ cat << EOT | ./readIntegers
> -0
> &0644
> $cafeBabe
> 0xdeadBeef
> -0XfF
> -%1010
> 1337
> EOT
0
420
3735928559
-255
-10
1337
</pre>
Note, floating-point numbers, the data type <tt>real</tt>, can ''only'' be read in decimal notation.
The minus sign <tt>−</tt> (<tt>U+2212</tt>) is ''not'' recognized.
=={{header|Go}}==
<
import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
Line 340 ⟶ 552:
// ParseInt handles arbitrary bases from 2 to 36, and returns
// a result of the requested size (64 bits shown here.)
// If the base argument is zero the base is determined by prefix
// as with math/big below.
x64, _ := strconv.ParseInt("3c2", 19, 64)
fmt.Println(x64)
// package
//
//
// fmt.Scanner interface (e.g. a big.Int).
// (Fscanf and Scanf are more common for reading from
// an io.Reader or stdin than Sscanf for reading from strings.)
fmt.Sscanf("1101", "%b", &x)
fmt.Println(x)
fmt.
fmt.Println(x)
fmt.
fmt.Println(x)
fmt.
fmt.Println(x)
// package math/big: allows conversion from string to big integer.
// any base from 2 to
var z big.Int
z.SetString("111", 3)
Line 377 ⟶ 593:
z.SetString("0xd", 0) // 0x -> base 16
fmt.Println(&z)
// As mentioned, a big.Int (or any type implementing fmt.Scanner)
// can also be use with any of the fmt scanning functions.
fmt.Sscanf("15", "%o", &z)
fmt.Println(&z)
}</syntaxhighlight>
Output is all 13s.
=={{header|Haskell}}==
Haskell's <tt>read</tt> can parse strings with the same prefix used for literals in Haskell (0x or 0X for hex, 0o or 0O for octal):
<
123459
Prelude> read "0xabcf123" :: Integer
180154659
Prelude> read "0o7651" :: Integer
4009</
=={{header|HicEst}}==
<
READ(Text=" abcf123 ", Format="Z10") hex ! 180154659
READ(Text=" 7651 ", Format="o10") oct ! 4009
READ(Text=" 101011001", Format="B10.10") bin ! 345</
=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==
Line 399 ⟶ 620:
Icon allows numbers to be defined as 'root' + "R" + 'number', where 'root' is a base from 2 to 36, and 'number' is a string of digits or letters, using 'A' to 'Z' as appropriate for the base; case is ignored. Strings are automatically parsed into numbers when needed, using the procedure 'integer'.
<syntaxhighlight lang="icon">
procedure convert (str)
write (left(str, 10) || " = " || integer(str))
Line 412 ⟶ 633:
write ("2r1001" + "36r1Z") # shows type conversion, string->integer
end
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
Line 425 ⟶ 646:
=={{header|J}}==
'''Solution 1''':<
'''Solution 2''' (input sanitizing):<
'''Example''':<
180154659
8 baseN '7651'
4009
10 baseN '123459'
123459</
'''Note''':
J also provides builtin support for numeric literals of an arbitrary base. The format is ''radix'''''b'''''digits'' (where ''radix'' is specified in base 10). The one restriction is that you cannot use digits larger than 36 ('z'):<
180154659 4009 123459</
However you can use digits larger than the radix:
<
17955</
And you can use bases where not all digits are representable:
<
24016030028</
Letters used for digits have base 10 values ranging from 10 (a) to 35 (z).
Line 453 ⟶ 674:
You must know the base that the String is in before you scan it. Create a <tt>Scanner</tt> in the usual way, but then set its radix to that base (obviously, the default is 10):
<
sc.useRadix(base); //any number from Character.MIN_RADIX (2) to CHARACTER.MAX_RADIX (36)
sc.nextInt(); //read in a value</
Later you can call <tt>sc.reset()</tt> or <tt>sc.useRadix(10)</tt> to undo this change.
Another option using the <tt>Integer</tt> class:
<
The base here has the same restrictions as the <tt>Scanner</tt> example. A similar method is available in the <tt>Long</tt> class. Use no second argument for base 10.
If you have a prefixed string ("0x", "0X", or "#" for hex; "0" for octal; otherwise decimal), you can use the <tt>.decode()</tt> utility method to parse the number based on the base indicated by the prefix (note: this returns an Integer object, not a primitive int):
<
Integer.decode("07651"); // octal
Integer.decode("123459"); // decimal</
<tt>Long</tt>, <tt>Short</tt>, and <tt>Byte</tt> also have a <tt>.decode()</tt> method, to decode to the appropriate number object type.
=={{header|JavaScript}}==
For base 10 and 16 ("0x"-prefixed), (but not 8), it is fastest to parse strings using the unary plus (+) operator:
<
+"0xabcf123"; // 180154659
// also supports negative numbers, but not for hex:
+"-0123459"; // -123459
+"-0xabcf123"; // NaN</
See http://www.jibbering.com/faq/notes/type-conversion/#tcNumber for more information.
Line 482 ⟶ 703:
<div style='height:40ex; overflow:scroll'>The following examples all return 15:
<
parseInt(" F", 16);
parseInt("17", 8);
Line 493 ⟶ 714:
parseInt("15e2", 10);
parseInt("15px", 10);
parseInt("12", 13);</
The following examples all return NaN:
<
parseInt("546", 2); // Digits are not valid for binary representations</
The following examples all return -15:
<
parseInt("-0F", 16);
parseInt("-0XF", 16);
Line 511 ⟶ 732:
parseInt("-1111", 2);
parseInt("-15e1", 10);
parseInt("-12", 13);</
The following example returns 224:
<
Although it is optional, most implementations interpret a numeric string beginning with a leading '0' as octal. The following may have an octal result.
<
parseInt("08"); // 0, '8' is not an octal digit.</
=={{header|jq}}==
{{works with|jq}}
'''Also works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq, and with fq.'''
Two filters are provided here for interpreting certain values as decimal numbers:
* `ibase($base)` interprets JSON integers and alphanumeric strings (possibly prefixed with one or more "-" signs) as numbers in the given base, and converts them to decimal integers;
* `ibase` also converts its inputs to decimal integers but recognizes the prefixes 0b 0o 0x in the conventional way.
In all cases:
* an input string can use any alphanumeric character with its conventional decimal value
** for example `"0bF" | ibase` evaluates to 15, even though "F" is not a binary digit;
* leading and trailing blanks are ignored;
* each leading "-" sign is interpreted as specifying the negative,
** for example: `"--1" | ibase` evaluates to 1;
* `"" | ibase` evaluates to null, and `"-"|ibase` raises an error;
* both filters accept certain JSON numbers in general.
<syntaxhighlight lang=jq>
# ibase($base) interprets its input as a number in base $base, and emits the
# corresponding decimal value. $base may be any positive integer.
#
# If the input is a JSON number, and the $base is 10, then the input is simply echoed.
# Otherwise, the input should be a JSON integer or an alphanumeric
# string optionally preceded by one or more occurrences of "-", and
# optionally surrounded by blanks.
# Examples: `"A"|base(2)` => 10
#
def ibase($base):
def tod: if 48 <= . and . <= 57 then . - 48 # 0-9
elif 65 <= . and . <= 90 then . - 55 # A-Z
elif 97 <= . and . <= 122 then . - 87 # a-z
else "ibase cannot handle codepoint \(.)" | error
end;
if type == "number" and $base==10 then .
else
tostring
| sub("^ *";"") | sub(" *$";"") | sub("^0*";"")
| if startswith("-") then - (.[1:] | ibase($base))
else
reduce (tostring|explode|reverse[]) as $point ({value: null, p: 1};
.value += ($point|tod) * .p
| .p *= $base)
| .value
end
end;
# After stripping off leading spaces and then leading "-" signs,
# infer the base from the input string as follows:
# prefix 0b for base 2, 0o for base 8, 0x for base 16,
# otherwise base 10
def ibase:
if type=="number" then .
else capture("^ *(?<signs>-*)(?<x>[^ ]*) *$") as $in
| $in.x
| if . == null then null
else (if startswith("0b") then .[2:] | ibase(2)
elif startswith("0o") then .[2:] | ibase(8)
elif startswith("0x") then .[2:] | ibase(16)
else ibase(10)
end) as $y
| if ($in.signs | length) % 2 == 0 then $y else - $y end
end
end;
</syntaxhighlight>
'''Examples'''
If your implementation of jq does not support $__loc__ then please adjust the def of assert accordingly.
<syntaxhighlight lang=jq>
# Assertions:
def assert($x; $y):
if ($x == $y) then empty
else "WARNING @ \($__loc__.line): \($x) != \($y)" | stderr, false
end;
def assertions:
assert("" | ibase; null),
assert("--1" | ibase; 1),
assert("11" | ibase(2); 3),
assert(11 | ibase(3); 4),
assert(11 | ibase(14); 15),
assert(" 0xF" | ibase; 15),
assert(" F" | ibase; 15),
assert("17" | ibase(8); 15),
assert("0o17" | ibase; 15),
assert(021 | ibase(7); 15),
assert("015" | ibase(10); 15),
assert(" 0bF "| ibase; 15),
assert("0b1111" | ibase; 15)
;
assertions
</syntaxhighlight>
{{output}}
Nada, as expected.
=={{header|Julia}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia"># Version 5.2
txt = "100"
for base = 2:21
base10 = parse(Int, txt, base)
println("String $txt in base $base is $base10 in base 10")
end
</syntaxhighlight>
If not specify the base it will figure out the base from the prefix:
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia">
@show parse(Int, "123459")
@show parse(Int, "0xabcf123")
@show parse(Int, "0o7651")
@show parse(Int, "0b101011001")
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
String 100 in base 2 is 4 in base 10
String 100 in base 3 is 9 in base 10
String 100 in base 4 is 16 in base 10
String 100 in base 5 is 25 in base 10
String 100 in base 6 is 36 in base 10
String 100 in base 7 is 49 in base 10
String 100 in base 8 is 64 in base 10
String 100 in base 9 is 81 in base 10
String 100 in base 10 is 100 in base 10
String 100 in base 11 is 121 in base 10
String 100 in base 12 is 144 in base 10
String 100 in base 13 is 169 in base 10
String 100 in base 14 is 196 in base 10
String 100 in base 15 is 225 in base 10
String 100 in base 16 is 256 in base 10
String 100 in base 17 is 289 in base 10
String 100 in base 18 is 324 in base 10
String 100 in base 19 is 361 in base 10
String 100 in base 20 is 400 in base 10
String 100 in base 21 is 441 in base 10
parse(Int,"123459") = 123459
parse(Int,"0xabcf123") = 180154659
parse(Int,"0o7651") = 4009
parse(Int,"0b101011001") = 345
</pre>
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">// version 1.1.2
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val s = "100"
val bases = intArrayOf(2, 8, 10, 16, 19, 36)
for (base in bases)
println("$s in base ${"%2d".format(base)} is ${s.toInt(base)}")
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
100 in base 2 is 4
100 in base 8 is 64
100 in base 10 is 100
100 in base 16 is 256
100 in base 19 is 361
100 in base 36 is 1296
</pre>
=={{header|Lua}}==
Lua supports bases between 2 and 36.
<
print( tonumber("a5b0", 16) )
print( tonumber("011101", 2) )
print( tonumber("za3r", 36) )</
=={{header|Mathematica}}/{{header|Wolfram Language}}==
<
2^^11110001001000000</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>123456789012345678901234567890
=={{header|MATLAB}} / {{header|Octave}}==
<
Output:
<pre>val =
Line 542 ⟶ 924:
9
17</pre>
=={{header|Nanoquery}}==
Nanoquery can convert numbers with any specified radix value from 2 to 36 using the int() function.
<syntaxhighlight lang="nanoquery">println int("1234")
println int("1100", 2)
println int("abcd", 16)
println int("ghij", 22)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>1234
12
43981
179011</pre>
=={{header|Nim}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">import strutils
echo parseInt "10" # 10
echo parseHexInt "0x10" # 16
echo parseHexInt "10" # 16
echo parseOctInt "0o120" # 80
echo parseOctInt "120" # 80</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>10
16
16
80
80</pre>
=={{header|OCaml}}==
The <code>int_of_string</code> function can parse hexadecimal, octal, and binary numbers that have the same prefix that is used to specify OCaml constants ("0x", "0o", and "0b", respectively):
<
- : int = 123459
# int_of_string "0xabcf123";;
Line 552 ⟶ 963:
- : int = 4009
# int_of_string "0b101011001";;
- : int = 345</
The <code>Int32.of_string</code>, <code>Int64.of_string</code>, and <code>Nativeint.of_string</code> functions also can understand the above prefixes when parsing into their appropriate types.
You could also use the <code>Scanf</code> module to parse un-prefixed hexadecimal, decimal, and octal numbers (binary not supported):
<
- : int = 123459
# Scanf.sscanf "abcf123" "%x" (fun x -> x);;
- : int = 180154659
# Scanf.sscanf "7651" "%o" (fun x -> x);;
- : int = 4009</
=={{header|Oz}}==
<code>String.toInt</code> understands the usual prefixes. If a string cannot be parsed, an exception will be thrown.
<
= {String.toInt "0x2a"} %% hexadecimal
= {String.toInt "052"} %% octal
= {String.toInt "0b101010"} %% binary</
=={{header|PARI/GP}}==
Binary conversion is built in to PARI/GP, this script can convert from bases2-36 to bases 2-36. I've had help with this script at http:\\mersenneforums.org . The main flaw in this script I see is that it doesn't allow 36^x-1 type strings, I'll have to add that on later.
<syntaxhighlight lang="parigp">convert(numb1,b1,b2)={
my(B=["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z"],a=0,c="");
numb1=Vec(Str(numb1));
Line 589 ⟶ 1,000:
);
c
};</syntaxhighlight>
Note that version 2.8.0+ supports hexadecimal (0x1ff) and binary (0b10101) inputs. Further, it can accept generic input as a vector:
{{works with|PARI/GP|2.8.0+}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="parigp">fromdigits([1,15,15],16)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Pascal}}==
''See [[#Free Pascal|Free Pascal]]''
=={{header|Perl}}==
The <tt>hex()</tt> function parses hexadecimal strings. The <tt>oct()</tt> function parses octal strings, as well as hexadecimal, octal, or binary strings with the appropriate prefix ("0x", "0", and "0b", respectively). There is no need to parse decimal strings because in Perl decimal strings and numbers are interchangeable.
<
my $hex_noprefix = "abcf123";
my $hex_withprefix = "0xabcf123";
Line 608 ⟶ 1,025:
print oct($oct_withprefix), "\n"; # => 4009
print oct($bin_withprefix), "\n"; # => 345
# nothing for binary without prefix</
=={{header|
There are four possible approaches here:<br>
The entry-level routine for this is to_integer().<br>
The to_number() routine copes with larger numbers, (decimal) fractions, and exponents.<br>
The scanf() routine uses [prefixes and] to_number() internally, but has no explicit base parameter.<br>
The sledgehammer routines are mpz_set_str() and mpfr_set_str(), with the latter even handling non-decimal fractions.
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(phixonline)-->
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">to_integer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"1234"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 1234</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">to_integer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"10101010"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 170, 0 on failure</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">to_number</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"FFFFFFFF"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"?"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">16</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 4294967295.0, "?" on failure</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">scanf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"#FFFFFFFF"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%f"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- <nowiki>{{</nowiki>4294967295.0<nowiki>}}</nowiki>, {} on failure</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">scanf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"0o377"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%o"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- <nowiki>{{</nowiki>255<nowiki>}}</nowiki></span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">scanf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"1234"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%d"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- <nowiki>{{</nowiki>1234<nowiki>}}</nowiki></span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #004080;">mpfr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">mpz</span> <span style="color: #000000;">z</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_init</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_set_str</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"377"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_get_str</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- "255"</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">mpfr</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpfr_init</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">mpfr_set_str</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"110.01"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">mpfr_get_fixed</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- "6.25" (which is correct in decimal)</span>
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
Aside: the ".0" is a sprint() artefact, to indicate "this is not a Phix 31/63-bit integer". scanf() can return multiple sets of answers. You can of course use mpz_fits_integer() and mpz_get_integer(), mpz_fits_atom() and mpz_get_atom(), mpfr_get_si(), or mpfr_get_d() to retrieve native values from gmp - the mpfr_fits_*() routines are not yet wrapped, give me a shout if they, or a more Phix-friendly version of them, are needed.
=={{header|PHP}}==
The <tt>hexdec(), octdec(), bindec()</tt> function parses hexadecimal, octal, and binary strings, respectively. They skip any invalid characters, so a prefix will be ignored. There is no need to parse decimal strings because in PHP decimal strings and numbers are interchangeable.
<
echo +"0123459", "\n"; // prints 123459
echo intval("0123459"), "\n"; // prints 123459
Line 664 ⟶ 1,059:
echo octdec("7651"), "\n"; // prints 4009
echo bindec("101011001"), "\n"; // prints 345
?></
An undocumented feature of <tt>intval()</tt> is that it can parse prefixed strings when given the base 0:
<
echo intval("123459", 0), "\n"; // prints 123459
echo intval("0xabcf123", 0), "\n"; // prints 180154659
echo intval("07651", 0), "\n"; // prints 4009
?></
In addition, for hexadecimals, if you have a "0x"-prefixed string, you can just use it in a numeric operation, and it gets converted to the number automatically:
<
echo +"0xabcf123", "\n"; // prints 180154659
# This does not work for octals, however:
echo +"07651", "\n"; // prints 7651
?></
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="picolisp">(de parseNumber (S Base)
(let N 0
(for C (chop S)
(when (> (setq C (- (char C) `(char "0"))) 9)
(dec 'C 39) )
(setq N (+ C (* N Base))) )
N ) )
(println (parseNumber "91g5dcg2h6da7260a9f3c4a" 19))</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>123456789012345678901234567890</pre>
=={{header|PL/I}}==
<
get edit (N) (A(7)); /* decimal input of 7 columns */
put skip list (N);
Line 687 ⟶ 1,095:
declare BS bit (32);
get edit (BS) (B(32)); /* Binary input of 32 binary digits. */
put skip edit (BS) (B);</
<pre>
23
Line 693 ⟶ 1,101:
</pre>
=={{header|
'''PowerShell parses an integer prefixed with "0x" as hexadecimal. Binary and Octal conversions must use the .NET <code>[Convert]</code>. Here follows a (verbose) example:'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">
function Select-NumberFromString
{
[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="Decimal")]
[OutputType([PSCustomObject])]
(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,
ValueFromPipeline=$true,
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true,
Position=0)]
[string]
$InputObject,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName="Decimal")]
[Alias("d","Dec")]
[switch]
$Decimal,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName="Hexadecimal")]
[Alias("h","Hex")]
[switch]
$Hexadecimal,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName="Octal")]
[Alias("o","Oct")]
[switch]
$Octal,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName="Binary")]
[Alias("b","Bin")]
[switch]
$Binary
)
Begin
{
switch ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName)
{
"Decimal" {$base = 10; $pattern = '[+-]?\b[0-9]+\b'; break}
"Hexadecimal" {$base = 16; $pattern = '\b[0-9A-F]+\b' ; break}
"Octal" {$base = 8; $pattern = '\b[0-7]+\b' ; break}
"Binary" {$base = 2; $pattern = '\b[01]+\b' ; break}
"Default" {$base = 10; $pattern = '[+-]?\b[0-9]+\b'; break}
}
}
Process
{
foreach ($object in $InputObject)
{
if ($object -match $pattern)
{
$string = $Matches[0]
}
else
{
$string = $null
}
try
{
$value = [Convert]::ToInt32($string, $base)
}
catch
{
$value = $null
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
Number = $value
String = $string
Base = $base
IsNumber = $value -is [int]
InputString = $object
}
}
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
'''Using a pretend file:'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">
$file = @'
John Doe abc1 K2hdystkrs
Jane Doe xyz2 Ew3jtdkufy
Joe Blow def3 Ouy1ttluyl
'@ -split [Environment]::NewLine
$file | Select-NumberFromString -Hexadecimal | Format-Table
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Out}}
<pre>
Number String Base IsNumber InputString
------ ------ ---- -------- -----------
43969 abc1 16 True John Doe abc1 K2hdystkrs
16 False Jane Doe xyz2 Ew3jtdkufy
57075 def3 16 True Joe Blow def3 Ouy1ttluyl
</pre>
=={{
<
; decimal numbers have no prefix, hexadecimal needs a prefix of '$', binary needs a prefix of '%'
Val("1024102410241024") ; => 1024102410241024
Val("$10FFFFFFFF") ; => 73014444031
Val("%1000") ; => 8</
=={{header|Python}}==
The [http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#int int] function will interpret strings as numbers expressed to some base:
<
>>> for base in range(2,21):
print ("String '%s' in base %i is %i in base 10"
% (text, base, int(text, base)))
String '100' in base 2 is 4 in base 10
String '100' in base 3 is 9 in base 10
Line 739 ⟶ 1,236:
String '100' in base 18 is 324 in base 10
String '100' in base 19 is 361 in base 10
String '100' in base 20 is 400 in base 10</
In addition, if you give a base of 0, it will try to figure out the base from the prefix, with the same syntax as a numeric literal in Python:
Line 764 ⟶ 1,261:
</pre>
Python 2.6 supports both the above formats, because it supports both types of literals.
=={{header|Quackery}}==
As a dialogue in the Quackery shell.
{{out}}
<pre>/O> $ "1234567890" $->n drop ( 'drop' because $->n returns a number AND a success flag )
... echo cr
...
1234567890
Stack empty.
/O> 19 base put ( parse string as base 19 )
... $ "174B57C7" $->n drop
... base release
... echo cr
...
1234567890
Stack empty.
/O> 36 base put ( largest base handled by Quackery )
... $ "KF12OI" $->n drop
... base release
... echo cr
...
1234567890
Stack empty.</pre>
Hexadecimal numbers can be indicated in Quackscript with the builder (compiler directive) <code>hex</code>.
<pre>/O> hex 499602D2
...
Stack: 1234567890</pre>
=={{header|R}}==
<
as.numeric("20") # 20
# parse a hex-string to decimal
Line 773 ⟶ 1,308:
as.hexmode(as.numeric("32")) # "20"
# parse a string to octal
as.octmode(as.numeric("20")) # "24"</
=={{header|Racket}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="racket">
#lang racket
Line 794 ⟶ 1,329:
(string->number "1111011" 2))
;; -> '(123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
By default, all strings of digits are parsed as base 10 numbers, including those with a leading zero. Numbers with a prefix 0b, 0o, 0d or 0x are parsed as binary, octal, decimal or hexadecimal respectively.
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>say 0b11011; # -> 27
say 0o11011; # -> 4617
say 0d11011; # -> 11011
say 0x11011; # -> 69649</syntaxhighlight>
Additionally, there are built-in adverbial prefix operators to parse strings of "digits" of radix 2 through radix 36 into decimal. They will fail with a runtime error if they are fed a digit that is not valid in that radix.
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>my $n = '11011';
say :2($n); # -> 27
say :3($n); # -> 112
say :4($n); # -> 325
say :5($n); # -> 756
say :6($n); # -> 1519
say :7($n); # -> 2752
say :8($n); # -> 4617
say :9($n); # -> 7300
say :10($n); # -> 11011
say :11($n); # -> 15984
say :12($n); # -> 22477
say :13($n); # -> 30772
say :14($n); # -> 41175
say :15($n); # -> 54016
say :16($n); # -> 69649
say :17($n); # -> 88452
say :18($n); # -> 110827
say :19($n); # -> 137200
say :20($n); # -> 168021
say :21($n); # -> 203764
say :22($n); # -> 244927
say :23($n); # -> 292032
say :24($n); # -> 345625
say :25($n); # -> 406276
say :26($n); # -> 474579
say :27($n); # -> 551152
say :28($n); # -> 636637
say :29($n); # -> 731700
say :30($n); # -> 837031
say :31($n); # -> 953344
say :32($n); # -> 1081377
say :33($n); # -> 1221892
say :34($n); # -> 1375675
say :35($n); # -> 1543536
say :36($n); # -> 1726309</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|REXX}}==
<pre>
╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ Multiplications and divisions are similarly performed. ║
╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
</pre>
<syntaxhighlight lang="rexx">/*REXX program demonstrates REXX's ability to handle non-decimal radices*/
a=123 /*all of these assignments are identical: */
b='123'
c='1' || "2" || '3'
d= 1 || 2 || 3
e= 12 || 3
f=120 + 3
g=substr(9912388,3,
h=left(123456,3)
i=right(777.123,3)
j=
k=0000000123.0000/1 /*
/*parsing
/*different then parsing a character string*/
/*because decimal numbers ARE character */
Line 828 ⟶ 1,413:
aa=' 123 ' /*AA's exact value is different the A, */
/*but it's numerically equal
bb=123. /*the same can be said for the rest of 'em.*/
cc=+123
dd=' + 123'
ee=0000123
ff=1.23e+
gg=001.23E0002
hh=1230e-1
Line 866 ⟶ 1,451:
cyanH=d2c(251) /*converts a decimal number to character. */
cyanI=x2d(fab) /*converts a
cyanJ=x2c(fab) /*converts a
cyanK=x2b(fab) /*converts a
befog=d2b(144) /*there's no dec──►binary, but see below.*/
Line 881 ⟶ 1,466:
b2d: return x2d(b2x(arg(1))) /*convert bin──►dec*/
b2c: return x2c(b2x(arg(1))) /*convert bin──►chr*/
c2b: return word(strip(x2b(c2x(arg(1))),'L',0) 0,1) /*convert chr──►bin*/</
=={{header|Ring}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ring">
see number("0") + nl
see number("123456789") + nl
see number("-987654321") + nl
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
0
123456789
-987654321
</pre>
=={{header|RPL}}==
Floating-point numbers can only be entered in decimal format:
3.14
Unsigned integers, which must begin with <code>#</code>, can be expressed in binary, octal, decimal or hexadecimal. A final lowercase letter defines the base.
#100111010b
#472o
#314d
#13Ah
=={{header|Ruby}}==
The String class has methods to coerce a string into another form:
<
hex2 = "abcf123"
oct3 = "7651"
Line 893 ⟶ 1,500:
p hex2.hex # => 180154659
p oct3.oct # => 4009
# nothing for binary</
The String class has '''to_i(base)''' method ( base : 2 .. 36 ).
Invalid characters past the end of a valid number are ignored.
(This method never raises an exception when base is valid.)
<
p hex2.to_i(16) # => 180154659
p oct3.to_i(8) # => 4009
p bin4.to_i(2) # => 345
p "xyz9".to_i(10) # => 0 If there is not a valid letter, 0 is returned.</
The '''Integer()''' method can parse a string, provided the string has the right prefix:
<
p Integer(dec1.sub(/^0+/,"")) # => 123459
p Integer("0d" + dec1) # => 123459
Line 911 ⟶ 1,518:
p Integer("0" + oct3) # => 4009
p Integer("0o" + oct3) # => 4009
p Integer("0b" + bin4) # => 345</
So can the <code>.to_i(0)</code> method, which never raises an exception:
<
p ("0d" + dec1).to_i(0) # => 123459
p ("0x" + hex2).to_i(0) # => 180154659
p ("0" + oct3).to_i(0) # => 4009
p ("0o" + oct3).to_i(0) # => 4009
p ("0b" + bin4).to_i(0) # => 345</
And then there's the poorly documented Scanf module in the Ruby stdlib, that seems to wrap the matched value in an array:
<
p dec1.scanf("%d") # => [123459]
p hex2.scanf("%x") # => [180154659]
p oct3.scanf("%o") # => [4009]
# no scanf specifier for binary numbers.</
=={{header|Rust}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="rust">fn main() {
println!(
"Parse from plain decimal: {}",
"123".parse::<u32>().unwrap()
);
println!(
"Parse with a given radix (2-36 supported): {}",
u32::from_str_radix("deadbeef", 16).unwrap()
);
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Scala}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">object Main extends App {
val (s, bases) = ("100", Seq(2, 8, 10, 16, 19, 36))
bases.foreach(base => println(f"String $s in base $base%2d is $BigInt(s, base)%5d"))
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Scheme}}==
<
180154659
> (string->number "123459" 10) ; decimal, the "10" is optional
Line 936 ⟶ 1,563:
4009
> (string->number "101011001" 2) ; binary
345</
=={{header|Seed7}}==
Line 942 ⟶ 1,569:
converts a numeric string, with a specified radix, to an [http://seed7.sourceforge.net/manual/types.htm#integer integer].
<
const proc: main is func
Line 952 ⟶ 1,579:
writeln(integer("tplig0", 32));
writeln(integer("gc0uy9", 36));
end func;</
{{out}}
Line 963 ⟶ 1,590:
987654321
</pre>
=={{header|Sidef}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">var dec = '0123459';
var hex_noprefix = 'abcf123';
var hex_withprefix = '0xabcf123';
var oct_noprefix = '7651';
var oct_withprefix = '07651';
var bin_noprefix = '101011001';
var bin_withprefix = '0b101011001';
say dec.num; # => 123459
say hex_noprefix.hex; # => 180154659
say hex_withprefix.hex; # => 180154659
say oct_noprefix.oct; # => 4009
say oct_withprefix.oct; # => 4009
say bin_noprefix.bin; # => 345
say bin_withprefix.bin; # => 345</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|SparForte}}==
As a structured script.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ada">#!/usr/local/bin/spar
pragma annotate( summary, "radices" )
@( description, "This task requires parsing of such a string (which may" )
@( description, "be assumed to contain nothing else) using the" )
@( description, "language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of" )
@( description, "decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats" )
@( description, "is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language" )
@( description, "can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated)." )
@( category, "tutorials" )
@( author, "Ken O. Burtch" )
@( see_also, "http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input" );
pragma license( unrestricted );
pragma software_model( nonstandard );
pragma restriction( no_external_commands );
procedure radices is
begin
? numerics.value( "16#ABCF123#" );
? numerics.value( "8#7651#" );
? numerics.value( "2#1010011010#" );
? numerics.value( "16#F.FF#E+2" );
end radices;</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Standard ML}}==
<
val it = SOME 123459 : int option
- StringCvt.scanString (Int.scan StringCvt.HEX) "0xabcf123";
Line 974 ⟶ 1,644:
val it = SOME 4009 : int option
- StringCvt.scanString (Int.scan StringCvt.BIN) "101011001";
val it = SOME 345 : int option</
=={{header|Tcl}}==
<
# The strings to parse
Line 992 ⟶ 1,662:
# Print out what happened
puts "$dec1->$v1 $hex2->$v2 $oct3->$v3 $bin4->$v4"</
This produces this output:
<pre>0123459->123459 abcf123->180154659 7651->4009 101011001->345</pre>
For a general parser up to base 36, a little function can be written:
<
set res 0
set digits {0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z}
Line 1,006 ⟶ 1,676:
}
return $res
}</
Example:
<pre>% scanbase 255 19
Line 1,012 ⟶ 1,682:
% scanbase $dec1 8
bad digit 9</pre>
=={{header|Wren}}==
{{libheader|Wren-fmt}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">import "./fmt" for Conv, Fmt
var tests = [ ["0b1110", 2], ["112", 3], ["0o16", 8], ["14", 10], ["0xe", 16], ["e", 19] ]
for (test in tests) {
Fmt.print("$6s in base $-2d = $s", test[0], test[1], Conv.atoi(test[0], test[1]))
} </syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
0b1110 in base 2 = 14
112 in base 3 = 14
0o16 in base 8 = 14
14 in base 10 = 14
0xe in base 16 = 14
e in base 19 = 14
</pre>
=={{header|XPL0}}==
<
int N; real R;
[Text(8, "123_456");
Line 1,025 ⟶ 1,714:
R:= RlIn(8);
RlOut(0, R); CrLf(0);
]</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 1,031 ⟶ 1,720:
00ABCD12
-3141.59000
</pre>
=={{header|zkl}}==
The compiler knows numbers like 0x123, 0b1|101, 0d1_000 but the number conversion functions don't.
<syntaxhighlight lang="zkl">fcn b2b(base){
ns:=[20..30].pump(List,T("toString",base));
ns.println();
ns.pump(List,T("toInt",base)).println("\n")
}
b2b(2); b2b(10); b2b(16); b2b(19);</syntaxhighlight>
Print 20 .. 30 in binary, decimal, hex & base 19 (or any base 2 .. 32) and parse them to decimal:
{{out}}
<pre>
L("10100","10101","10110","10111","11000","11001","11010","11011","11100","11101","11110")
L(20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30)
L("20","21","22","23","24","25","26","27","28","29","30")
L(20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30)
L("14","15","16","17","18","19","1a","1b","1c","1d","1e")
L(20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30)
L("11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","1a","1b")
L(20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30)
</pre>
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