JSON: Difference between revisions
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=={{header|Groovy}}== |
=={{header|Groovy}}== |
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Solution requires Groovy 1.8 or later. |
Solution requires Groovy 1.8 or later. |
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Note that JsonSlurper accepts an extra comma such as [1,2,3,]. This is an extension to the [[http://www.json.org/fatfree.html JSON grammar]]. |
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<lang groovy>def slurper = new groovy.json.JsonSlurper() |
<lang groovy>def slurper = new groovy.json.JsonSlurper() |
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def result = slurper.parseText(''' |
def result = slurper.parseText(''' |
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Revision as of 00:44, 11 November 2011
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Load a JSON string into a data structure. Also create a new data structure and serialize it into JSON. Use objects and arrays (as appropriate for your language) and make sure your JSON is valid (http://www.jsonlint.com/).
C++
<lang cpp>#include "Core/Core.h"
using namespace Upp;
CONSOLE_APP_MAIN { JsonArray a; a << Json("name", "John")("phone", "1234567") << Json("name", "Susan")("phone", "654321"); String txt = ~a; Cout() << txt << '\n'; Value v = ParseJSON(txt); for(int i = 0; i < v.GetCount(); i++) Cout() << v[i]["name"] << ' ' << v[i]["phone"] << '\n'; } </lang>
C#
This uses the JavaScriptSerializer class which was shipped with .NET 3.5.
<lang csharp>using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
class Program {
static void Main()
{
var people = new Dictionary<string, object> {{"1", "John"}, {"2", "Susan"}};
var serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
var json = serializer.Serialize(people);
Console.WriteLine(json);
var deserialized = serializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, object>>(json);
Console.WriteLine(deserialized["2"]);
var jsonObject = serializer.DeserializeObject(@"{ ""foo"": 1, ""bar"": [10, ""apples""] }");
var data = jsonObject as Dictionary<string, object>;
var array = data["bar"] as object[];
Console.WriteLine(array[1]);
}
}</lang>
CoffeeScript
<lang coffeescript> sample =
blue: [1, 2] ocean: 'water'
json_string = JSON.stringify sample json_obj = JSON.parse json_string
console.log json_string console.log json_obj </lang>
Clojure
<lang clojure>(ns json.example
(:use [clojure.contrib.json]))
; Load as Clojure data structures and bind the resulting structure to 'json-map'.
(def json-map (read-json "{ \"foo\": 1, \"bar\": [10, \"apples\"] }"))
- Use pr-str to print out the Clojure representation of the JSON created by read-json.
(pr-str json-map)
- Pretty-print the Clojure representation of JSON. We've come full circle.
(pprint-json json-map)</lang>
Factor
<lang Factor> USING: json.writer json.reader ;
SYMBOL: foo
! Load a JSON string into a data structure "[[\"foo\",1],[\"bar\",[10,\"apples\"]]]" json> foo set
! Create a new data structure and serialize into JSON
{ { "blue" { "ocean" "water" } } >json
</lang>
Fantom
<lang fantom> using util
class Json {
public static Void main ()
{
Str input := """{"blue": [1, 2], "ocean": "water"}"""
Map jsonObj := JsonInStream(input.in).readJson
echo ("Value for 'blue' is: " + jsonObj["blue"])
jsonObj["ocean"] = ["water":["cold", "blue"]]
Map ocean := jsonObj["ocean"]
echo ("Value for 'ocean/water' is: " + ocean["water"])
output := JsonOutStream(Env.cur.out)
output.writeJson(jsonObj)
echo ()
}
} </lang>
Output:
Value for 'blue' is: [1, 2]
Value for 'ocean/water' is: [cold, blue]
{"blue":[1,2],
"ocean":{"water":["cold","blue"]}}
Go
<lang go>package main import "json" import "fmt"
func main() {
var data map[string]interface{}
json.Unmarshal([]byte("{ \"foo\": 1, \"bar\": [10, \"apples\"] }"), &data)
fmt.Println(data)
sample := map[string]interface{}{ "blue": []interface{}{1,2}, "ocean": "water" }
json_string, err := json.Marshal(sample)
if err == nil {
fmt.Println(string(json_string))
} else {
fmt.Println(err)
}
}</lang>
Groovy
Solution requires Groovy 1.8 or later.
Note that JsonSlurper accepts an extra comma such as [1,2,3,]. This is an extension to the [JSON grammar].
<lang groovy>def slurper = new groovy.json.JsonSlurper() def result = slurper.parseText( {
"people":[
{"name":{"family":"Flintstone","given":"Frederick"},"age":35,"relationships":{"wife":"people[1]","child":"people[4]"}},
{"name":{"family":"Flintstone","given":"Wilma"},"age":32,"relationships":{"husband":"people[0]","child":"people[4]"}},
{"name":{"family":"Rubble","given":"Barnard"},"age":30,"relationships":{"wife":"people[3]","child":"people[5]"}},
{"name":{"family":"Rubble","given":"Elisabeth"},"age":32,"relationships":{"husband":"people[2]","child":"people[5]"}},
{"name":{"family":"Flintstone","given":"Pebbles"},"age":1,"relationships":{"mother":"people[1]","father":"people[0]"}},
{"name":{"family":"Rubble","given":"Bam-Bam"},"age":1,"relationships":{"mother":"people[3]","father":"people[2]"}},
]
} )</lang>
Test: <lang groovy>result.each { println it.key; it.value.each {person -> println person} }
assert result.people[0].name == [family:'Flintstone', given:'Frederick'] assert result.people[4].age == 1 assert result.people[2].relationships.wife == 'people[3]' assert result.people[3].name == [family:'Rubble', given:'Elisabeth'] assert Eval.x(result, 'x.' + result.people[2].relationships.wife + '.name') == [family:'Rubble', given:'Elisabeth'] assert Eval.x(result, 'x.' + result.people[1].relationships.husband + '.name') == [family:'Flintstone', given:'Frederick']</lang>
Output:
people [age:35, name:[given:Frederick, family:Flintstone], relationships:[child:people[4], wife:people[1]]] [age:32, name:[given:Wilma, family:Flintstone], relationships:[child:people[4], husband:people[0]]] [age:30, name:[given:Barnard, family:Rubble], relationships:[child:people[5], wife:people[3]]] [age:32, name:[given:Elisabeth, family:Rubble], relationships:[child:people[5], husband:people[2]]] [age:1, name:[given:Pebbles, family:Flintstone], relationships:[mother:people[1], father:people[0]]] [age:1, name:[given:Bam-Bam, family:Rubble], relationships:[mother:people[3], father:people[2]]]
Haskell
Uses the Aeson library from hackage (http://hackage.haskell.org/package/aeson).
<lang Haskell> {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Data.Aeson import Data.Attoparsec (parseOnly) import Data.Text import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as B import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as S
testdoc = object [
"foo" .= (1 :: Int),
"bar" .= ([1.3, 1.6, 1.9] :: [Double]),
"baz" .= ("some string" :: Text),
"other" .= object [
"yes" .= ("sir" :: Text)
]
]
main = do
let out = encode testdoc
B.putStrLn out
case parseOnly json (S.concat $ B.toChunks out) of
Left e -> error $ "strange error re-parsing json: " ++ (show e)
Right v | v /= testdoc -> error "documents not equal!"
Right v | otherwise -> print v
</lang>
J
Here is a minimal implementation based on an old email message.
<lang j>NB. character classes: NB. 0: whitespace NB. 1: " NB. 2: \ NB. 3: [ ] , { } : NB. 4: ordinary classes=.3<. '"\[],{}:' (#@[ |&>: i.) a. classes=.0 (I.a.e.' ',CRLF,TAB)} (]+4*0=])classes
words=:(0;(0 10#:10*".;._2]0 :0);classes)&;: NB. states:
0.0 1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 NB. 0 whitespace
1.0 5.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 NB. 1 "
4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 NB. 2 \
0.3 1.2 2.2 3.2 4.2 NB. 3 { : , } [ ]
0.3 1.2 2.0 3.2 4.0 NB. 4 ordinary
0.3 1.2 2.2 3.2 4.2 NB. 5 ""
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NB. 6 "\
)
tokens=. ;:'[ ] , { } :' actions=: lBra`rBracket`comma`lBra`rBracket`colon`value
NB. action verbs argument conventions: NB. x -- boxed json word NB. y -- boxed json state stack NB. result -- new boxed json state stack NB. NB. json state stack is an list of boxes of incomplete lists NB. (a single box for complete, syntactically valid json) jsonParse=: 0 {:: (,a:) ,&.> [: actions@.(tokens&i.@[)/ [:|.a:,words
lBra=: a: ,~ ] rBracket=: _2&}.@], [:< _2&{::@], _1&{@] comma=: ] rBrace=: _2&}.@], [:< _2&{::@], [:|: (2,~ [: -:@$ _1&{@]) $ _1&{@] colon=: ] value=: _1&}.@], [:< _1&{::@], jsonValue&.>@[
NB. hypothetically, jsonValue should strip double quotes NB. interpret back slashes NB. and recognize numbers jsonValue=:]
require'strings'
jsonSer1=: ']' ,~ '[' }:@;@; (',' ,~ jsonSerialize)&.>
jsonSer0=: '"', jsonEsc@:":, '"'"_
jsonEsc=: rplc&(<;._1' \ \\ " \"')
jsonSerialize=:jsonSer0`jsonSer1@.(*@L.)</lang>
Example use:
<lang> jsonParse'{ "blue": [1,2], "ocean": "water" }' ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │┌──────┬─────┬───────┬───────┐│ ││"blue"│┌─┬─┐│"ocean"│"water"││ ││ ││1│2││ │ ││ ││ │└─┴─┘│ │ ││ │└──────┴─────┴───────┴───────┘│ └──────────────────────────────┘
jsonSerialize jsonParse'{ "blue": [1,2], "ocean": "water" }'
[["\"blue\"",["1","2"],"\"ocean\"","\"water\""]]</lang>
Note that these are not strict inverses of each other. These routines allow data to be extracted from json and packed into json format, but only in a minimalistic sense. No attempts are made to preserve the subtleties of type and structure which json can carry. This should be good enough for most applications which are required to deal with json but will not be adequate for ill behaved applications which exploit the typing mechanism to carry significant information.
Also, a different serializer will probably be necessary, if you are delivering json to legacy javascript. Nevertheless, these simplifications are probably appropriate for practical cases.
Java
This uses Gson, a library to convert JSON to Java objects and vice-versa. <lang Java>import com.google.gson.Gson;
public class JsonExample {
public static void main(String[] args) { Gson gson = new Gson(); String json = "{ \"foo\": 1, \"bar\": [ \"10\", \"apples\"] }";
MyJsonObject obj = gson.fromJson(json, MyJsonObject.class);
System.out.println(obj.getFoo());
for(String bar : obj.getBar()) { System.out.println(bar); }
obj = new MyJsonObject(2, new String[] { "20", "oranges" }); json = gson.toJson(obj);
System.out.println(json); }
}
class MyJsonObject {
private int foo; private String[] bar;
public MyJsonObject(int foo, String[] bar) { this.foo = foo; this.bar = bar; }
public int getFoo() { return foo; }
public String[] getBar() { return bar; }
}</lang>
JavaScript
Requires JSON library, now present in some browsers. <lang JavaScript>var data = JSON.parse('{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }');
var sample = { "blue": [1,2], "ocean": "water" }; var json_string = JSON.stringify(sample);</lang>
Of course, it IS called JavaScript Object Notation, so it is a JavaScript object literal, and you can, alternately, parse it by just eval'ing it. This should work in any browser without a library. (Eval may be dangerous, depending on the source of the data.) However, there is an ambiguity with parsing JavaScript object literals by themselves, where it might be mistakenly interpreted as a block, and the key followed by a colon as a label. To avoid this, remember to surround it in parentheses to force it to be interpreted as an expression: <lang javascript>var data = eval('(' + '{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }' + ')');</lang>
Mathematica
<lang Mathematica> data = ImportString["{ \"foo\": 1, \"bar\": [10, \"apples\"] }","JSON"] ExportString[data, "JSON"] </lang>
Objective-C
untested
<lang objc>NSString *json_string = @"{ \"foo\": 1, \"bar\": [10, \"apples\"] }"; id obj = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:[json_string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8Encoding]
options:0
error:NULL];
NSLog(@"%@", obj);
id obj2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1],
[NSNumber numberWithInt:2],
nil],
@"blue",
@"water", @"ocean",
nil];
NSString *json_string2 = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:[NSJSONSerialization dataWithJSONObject:obj2
options:0
error:NULL]
encoding:NSUTF8Encoding] autorelease];
NSLog(@"%@", json_string2);</lang>
OCaml
compile with:
ocamlfind opt -o j.opt j.ml -linkpkg -package json-static -syntax camlp4o
<lang ocaml>type json item =
< name "Name": string; kingdom "Kingdom": string; phylum "Phylum": string; class_ "Class": string; order "Order": string; family "Family": string; tribe "Tribe": string >
let str = "
{
\"Name\": \"camel\",
\"Kingdom\": \"Animalia\",
\"Phylum\": \"Chordata\",
\"Class\": \"Mammalia\",
\"Order\": \"Artiodactyla\",
\"Family\": \"Camelidae\",
\"Tribe\": \"Camelini\"
}"
let () =
let j = Json_io.json_of_string str in print_endline (Json_io.string_of_json j);</lang>
OpenEdge/Progress
The WRITE-JSON and READ-JSON methods were introduced in Progress OpenEdge 10.2B. <lang progress>/* using a longchar to read and write to, can also be file, memptr, stream */ DEFINE VARIABLE lcjson AS LONGCHAR NO-UNDO.
/* temp-table defines object, can also be dataset */ DEFINE TEMP-TABLE example
FIELD blue AS INTEGER EXTENT 2 FIELD ocean AS CHARACTER .
CREATE example. ASSIGN
example.blue [1] = 1 example.blue [2] = 2 example.ocean = "water" .
/* write-json to put result in lcjson, true indicates formatted */ TEMP-TABLE example:DEFAULT-BUFFER-HANDLE:WRITE-JSON( "LONGCHAR", lcjson, TRUE ).
/* display result */ MESSAGE
STRING( lcjson )
VIEW-AS ALERT-BOX.
/* empty results */ EMPTY TEMP-TABLE example.
/* read-json to get result from lcjson */ TEMP-TABLE example:DEFAULT-BUFFER-HANDLE:READ-JSON( "LONGCHAR", lcjson ).
FIND example. /* display results */ MESSAGE
example.blue [1] example.blue [2] SKIP example.ocean
VIEW-AS ALERT-BOX.</lang>
Output write-json:
---------------------------
Message
---------------------------
{"example": [
{
"blue": [
1,
2
],
"ocean": "water"
}
]}
---------------------------
OK
---------------------------
Output read-json:
--------------------------- Message --------------------------- 1 2 water --------------------------- OK ---------------------------
Oz
With the JSON library from here: <lang oz>declare
[JSON] = {Module.link ['JSON.ozf']}
{System.show {JSON.decode "{ \"foo\": 1, \"bar\": [10, \"apples\"] }"}}
Sample = object(blue:array(1 2) ocean:"water")
{System.showInfo {JSON.encode Sample}}</lang>
Output:
object(bar:array(10 [97 112 112 108 101 115]) foo:1)
{"blue":[1,2],"ocean":"water"}
Perl
<lang perl>use JSON;
my $data = decode_json('{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }');
my $sample = { blue => [1,2], ocean => "water" }; my $json_string = encode_json($sample);</lang>
Perl 6
Using [1]
<lang perl6>use JSON::Tiny;
my $data = from-json('{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }');
my $sample = { blue => [1,2], ocean => "water" }; my $json_string = to-json($sample);</lang>
PHP
<lang php><?php $data = json_decode('{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }'); // dictionaries will be returned as objects $data2 = json_decode('{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }', true); // dictionaries will be returned as arrays
$sample = array( "blue" => array(1,2), "ocean" => "water" ); $json_string = json_encode($sample); ?></lang>
PicoLisp
PicoLisp has no JSON library, but it is easy enough to write one: <lang PicoLisp>(de checkJson (X Item)
(unless (= X Item)
(quit "Bad JSON" Item) ) )
(de readJson ()
(case (read "_")
("{"
(make
(for (X (readJson) T (readJson))
(checkJson ":" (readJson))
(link (cons X (readJson)))
(T (= "}" (setq X (readJson))))
(checkJson "," X) ) ) )
("["
(make
(link T) # Array marker
(for (X (readJson) T (readJson))
(link X)
(T (= "]" (setq X (readJson))))
(checkJson "," X) ) ) )
(T @) ) )
(de printJson (Item) # For simplicity, without indentation
(cond
((atom Item) (print Item))
((=T (car Item))
(prin "[")
(map
'((X)
(printJson (car X))
(and (cdr X) (prin ", ")) )
(cdr Item) )
(prin "]") )
(T
(prin "{")
(map
'((X)
(print (caar X))
(prin ": ")
(printJson (cdar X))
(and (cdr X) (prin ", ")) )
Item )
(prin "}") ) ) )</lang>
This reads/prints JSON from/to files, pipes, sockets etc. To read from a string, a pipe can be used:
: (pipe (prinl "{ \"foo\": 1, \"bar\": [10, \"apples\"] }")
(readJson) )
-> (("foo" . 1) ("bar" T 10 "apples"))
: (printJson
(quote
("name" . "Smith")
("age" . 25)
("address"
("street" . "21 2nd Street")
("city" . "New York")
("state" . "NY")
("zip" . "10021") )
("phone" T "212 555-1234" "646 555-4567") ) )
{"name": "Smith", "age": 25, ... {"street": ... "phone": ["212 555-1234", ...
Pike
<lang pike>int main() { // Decoding string json = "{\"cake\":[\"desu\",1,2.3],\"foo\":1}"; write("%O\n", Standards.JSON.decode(json));
// Encoding mapping m = ([ "foo": ({ 1, 2, 3 }), "bar": "hello" ]);
write("%s\n", Standards.JSON.encode(m)); }</lang>
([ /* 2 elements */
"cake": ({ /* 3 elements */
"desu",
1,
2.3
}),
"foo": 1
])
{"foo":[1,2,3],"bar":"hello"}
Python
<lang Python>>>> import json >>> data = json.loads('{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }') >>> sample = { "blue": [1,2], "ocean": "water" } >>> json_string = json.dumps(sample) >>> json_string '{"blue": [1, 2], "ocean": "water"}' >>> sample {'blue': [1, 2], 'ocean': 'water'} >>> data {'foo': 1, 'bar': [10, 'apples']}</lang>
Because most of JSON is valid Python syntax (except "true", "false", and "null", and a few obscure escape sequences), it is also possible (but not recommended) to parse JSON using eval(): <lang python>>>> true = True; false = False; null = None >>> data = eval('{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }') >>> data {'foo': 1, 'bar': [10, 'apples']}</lang>
REBOL
Using json.org/json.r
<lang rebol>json-str: {{"menu": {
"id": "file", "string": "File:", "number": -3, "boolean": true, "boolean2": false, "null": null, "array": [1, 0.13, null, true, false, "\t\r\n"], "empty-string": "" }
}}
res: json-to-rebol json-str js: rebol-to-json res </lang>
json-to-rebol Result:
make object! [
menu: make object! [
id: "file"
string: "File:"
number: -3
boolean: true
boolean2: false
null: none
array: [1 0.13 none true false "^-^M^/"]
empty-string: ""
]
]
rebol-to-json Result:
{
"menu": {
"id": "file",
"string": "File:",
"number": -3,
"boolean": true,
"boolean2": false,
"null": null,
"array": [1, 0.13, null, true, false, "\t\r\n"],
"empty-string": ""
}
}
Ruby
Uses
package json
<lang ruby>require 'json' ruby_obj = JSON.parse('{"blue": [1, 2], "ocean": "water"}') p ruby_obj puts ruby_obj.class puts ruby_obj["blue"].class ruby_obj["ocean"] = {"water" => %w{fishy salty}} puts JSON.generate(ruby_obj)</lang>
Outputs
{"blue"=>[1, 2], "ocean"=>"water"}
Hash
Array
{"blue":[1,2],"ocean":{"water":["fishy","salty"]}}
Tcl
For parsing JSON,
provides the capability (see the Tcler's Wiki page on it for more discussion):
<lang tcl>package require json set sample {{ "foo": 1, "bar": [10, "apples"] }}
set parsed [json::json2dict $sample] puts $parsed</lang> Output:
foo 1 bar {10 apples}
However, that package is very weak in its generation of JSON because Tcl's official type system is substantially different to that envisaged by JSON. It's possible to work around this though the use of Tcl 8.6, as this next example shows:
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.6
proc tcl2json value {
# Guess the type of the value; deep *UNSUPPORTED* magic!
regexp {^value is a (.*?) with a refcount} \
[::tcl::unsupported::representation $value] -> type
switch $type {
string { # Skip to the mapping code at the bottom } dict { set result "{" set pfx "" dict for {k v} $value { append result $pfx [tcl2json $k] ": " [tcl2json $v] set pfx ", " } return [append result "}"] } list { set result "\[" set pfx "" foreach v $value { append result $pfx [tcl2json $v] set pfx ", " } return [append result "\]"] } int - double { return [expr {$value}] } booleanString { return [expr {$value ? "true" : "false"}] } default { # Some other type; do some guessing... if {$value eq "null"} { # Tcl has *no* null value at all; empty strings are semantically # different and absent variables aren't values. So cheat! return $value } elseif {[string is integer -strict $value]} { return [expr {$value}] } elseif {[string is double -strict $value]} { return [expr {$value}] } elseif {[string is boolean -strict $value]} { return [expr {$value ? "true" : "false"}] } }
}
# For simplicity, all "bad" characters are mapped to \u... substitutions
set mapped [subst -novariables [regsub -all {[][\u0000-\u001f\\""]} \
$value {[format "\\\\u%04x" [scan {& } %c]]}]]
return "\"$mapped\""
}</lang>
Sample code (note that the value is built with dict create and list so that there is some auxiliary type hints available, which the above procedure can read):
<lang tcl>set d [dict create blue [list 1 2] ocean water]
puts [tcl2json $d]</lang>
Output:
{"blue": [1, 2], "ocean": "water"}
Note that this is capable of correctly handling the round-trip of values parsed from the json package described above.