Inheritance/Single/C
Appearance
< Inheritance | Single
Manual Object System
Although C is not considered an OO language, you can do the following, which provides a semblance of an OO infrastructure allowing Inheritance and Polymorphism. The original C++ was a front end which translated C++ code to C. (C++ was much simpler in those days.)"
/* Animal.h */
#ifndef _ANIMAL_H
#define _ANIMAL_H
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct object *Animal;
extern char *ObjSpeak(Animal a);
extern Animal ObjClone(Animal a);
extern void ObjDestroy(Animal a);
#endif
/* AnimalProt.h */
#include "Animal.h"
typedef struct sclass *Class;
typedef void (*CloneFctn)(Animal s, Animal clo);
typedef char * (*SpeakFctn)(Animal s);
typedef void (*DestroyFctn)(Animal s);
typedef void (*ClsRecInit)(Class c);
typedef struct object {
Class class;
} SObject, *Object;
typedef struct sclass {
size_t csize; /* size of the class instance */
char *cname; /* name of the class */
Class parent; /* parent class */
ClsRecInit crInit; /* handle method inheritance for class record */
CloneFctn clone; /* clone function */
SpeakFctn speak; /* speak function */
DestroyFctn del; /* delete the object */
} sClass;
#define O_INHERIT (void *)-1
extern void ClassRecInit(Class c);
extern void DfltClsInit(Class c);
extern sClass boc;
/* Animal.c */
#include "AnimalProt.h"
static
Animal obj_copy( Animal s, Class c )
{
size_t size = s->class->csize;
Animal clo;
if (c->parent)
clo = obj_copy( s, c->parent);
else {
clo = (Animal )malloc( size );
memcpy(clo, s, size);
}
if (clo)
c->clone( s, clo );
return clo;
}
static
void obj_del( Animal s, Class c )
{
if (c->del)
c->del(s);
if (c->parent)
obj_del( s, c->parent);
else
free(s);
}
Animal ObjClone( Animal s )
{ return obj_copy( s, s->class ); }
char * ObjSpeak( Animal s )
{
return s->class->speak(s);
}
void ObjDestroy( Animal s )
{ if (s) obj_del( s, s->class ); }
void ClassRecInit( Class c)
{
if (c->crInit) {
(*c->crInit)(c);
c->crInit = NULL;
}
}
static
void baseClsRecInit(Class c )
{
if ((O_INHERIT == c->speak) && c->parent)
c->speak = c->parent->speak;
}
void DfltClsInit(Class c)
{
if (c->parent && c->parent->crInit) {
ClassRecInit(c->parent);
}
printf("Initializing class %s\n", c->cname);
baseClsRecInit(c);
}
/* * * * * * */
static
void baseClone( Animal s, Animal clone)
{
clone->class = s->class;
}
static
char *baseSpeak(Animal s)
{
return "Hello, I'm an animal";
}
sClass boc = { sizeof(SObject), "Animal", NULL, &baseClsRecInit,
&baseClone, &baseSpeak, NULL };
Class AnimalClass = &boc;
/* DogProt.h */
#include "AnimalProt.h"
typedef struct sDogPart {
double weight;
char color[32];
char name[24];
} DogPart;
typedef struct sDog *Dog;
struct sDog {
Class class; // parent structure
DogPart dog;
};
extern void InitDog(DogPart *dogp, char *name, char *color, double weight);
extern sClass dogc;
/* Dog.c */
/** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* Dog - a class derived from Animal
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
#include "DogProt.h"
static
void dogClone( Animal s, Animal c)
{
Dog src = (Dog)s;
Dog clone = (Dog)c;
clone->dog = src->dog; /* no pointers so strncpys not needed */
}
static
char *dogSpeak( Animal s)
{
Dog d = (Dog)s;
static char response[90];
sprintf(response, "woof! woof! My name is %s. I'm a %s %s",
d->dog.name, d->dog.color, d->class->cname);
return response;
}
sClass dogc = { sizeof(struct sDog), "Dog", &boc, &DfltClsInit,
&dogClone, &dogSpeak, NULL };
Class DogClass = &dogc;
void InitDog(DogPart *dogp, char *name, char *color, double weight)
{
dogp->weight = weight;
strncpy(dogp->name, name, 23);
strncpy(dogp->color, color, 31);
}
Animal NewDog( char *name, char *color, double weight )
{
Dog dog = (Dog)malloc(DogClass->csize);
if (dog) {
ClassRecInit(DogClass);
dog->class = DogClass;
InitDog(&dog->dog, name, color, weight);
}
return (Animal)dog;
}
/* Dog.h */
#ifndef _DOG_H
#define _DOG_H
#include "Animal.h"
extern Animal NewDog(char *name, char *color, double weight);
#endif
/* LabProt.h */
#include "DogProt.h"
/** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* Lab - a class derived from Dog
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
typedef struct sLabPart {
int friendliness;
int tailIsWagging;
} LabPart;
typedef struct sLab *Lab;
struct sLab {
Class class; // parent structure
DogPart dog;
LabPart lab; // my part
};
extern sClass labc;
/* Lab.c */
#include "LabProt.h"
void InitLab(LabPart *lab)
{
lab->friendliness = 5;
lab->tailIsWagging = 1;
}
static
void labClone( Animal s, Animal c)
{
Lab src = (Lab)s;
Lab clone = (Lab)c;
clone->lab = src->lab;
}
sClass labc = { sizeof(struct sLab), "Lab", &dogc, &DfltClsInit,
&labClone, O_INHERIT, NULL };
Class LabClass = &labc;
Animal NewLab( char *name, char *color, double weight )
{
Lab dog = (Lab)malloc(LabClass->csize);
if (dog) {
ClassRecInit(LabClass);
dog->class = LabClass;
InitDog( &dog->dog, name, color, weight);
InitLab( &dog->lab);
}
return (Animal)dog;
}
/* Lab.h */
#include "Dog.h"
extern Animal NewLab(char *name, char *color, double weight);
/* CollieProt.h */
/** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* Collie - a class derived from Dog
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
#include "DogProt.h"
typedef struct sColliePart {
double height;
} ColliePart;
typedef struct sCollie *Collie;
struct sCollie {
Class class; // parent structure
DogPart dog;
ColliePart collie; // my part
};
extern sClass colliec;
/* Collie.c */
#include "CollieProt.h"
static
void collieClone( Animal s, Animal c)
{
Collie src = (Collie)s;
Collie clone = (Collie)c;
clone->collie = src->collie;
}
void InitCollie(ColliePart *collie, double height)
{
collie->height = 25.0;
}
sClass colliec = { sizeof(struct sCollie), "Collie", &dogc, &DfltClsInit,
&collieClone, O_INHERIT, NULL };
Class CollieClass = &colliec;
Animal NewCollie( char *name, char *color, double weight, double height )
{
Collie dog = (Collie)malloc(CollieClass->csize);
if (dog) {
ClassRecInit(CollieClass);
dog->class = CollieClass;
InitDog( &dog->dog, name, color, weight);
InitCollie( &dog->collie, height);
}
return (Animal)dog;
}
/* Collie.h */
#include "Dog.h"
extern Animal NewCollie(char *name, char *color, double weight, double height);
/* CatProt.h */
#include "AnimalProt.h"
/* * * * * * * * * * * * */
/* Cat - a derived class */
typedef struct sCatPart {
char color[32];
char *name;
int age;
} CatPart;
typedef struct sCat *Cat;
struct sCat {
Class class; // parent structure
CatPart catpart;
};
extern sClass catcls;
/* Cat.c */
#include "CatProt.h"
static
void catClone( Animal s, Animal c)
{
Cat src = (Cat)s;
Cat clone = (Cat)c;
clone->catpart.name = strdup(src->catpart.name);
}
static
char *catSpeak(Animal s)
{
Cat f = (Cat)s;
static char response[90];
sprintf(response, "My name is %s. I'm a %d mo. old %s wiley %s",
f->catpart.name, f->catpart.age, f->catpart.color,
f->class->cname);
return response;
}
void catDel(Animal s)
{
Cat f = (Cat)s;
CatPart *catpart = &f->catpart;
if (catpart->name) {
free(catpart->name);
}
}
sClass catcls = { sizeof(struct sCat), "Cat", &boc, &DfltClsInit,
&catClone, &catSpeak, &catDel };
Class CatClass = &catcls;
Animal NewCat( char *name, char *color, int age )
{
Cat cat = (Cat)malloc(CatClass->csize);
if (cat) {
CatPart *catpart = &(cat->catpart);
ClassRecInit(CatClass);
cat->class = CatClass;
catpart->name = strdup(name);
strncpy(catpart->color, color, 31);
catpart->age = age;
}
return (Animal)cat;
}
/** * Now wasn' that fun. * **/
/* Cat.h */
#include "Animal.h"
extern Animal NewCat(char *name, char *color, int age);
#include "Cat.h"
#include "Lab.h"
#include "Collie.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Animal kara = NewCat( "Kara", "grey", 15 );
Animal bruce = NewDog("Bruce", "yellow", 85.0 );
Animal bigrex = NewLab("Rex", "chocolate", 65.0 );
Animal sandy = NewCollie("Sandy", "yellow", 35.0, 21.0 );
printf("Ok, created pets\n");
printf("Kara says %s\n", ObjSpeak(kara));
printf("Bruce says %s\n", ObjSpeak(bruce));
printf("Big Rex says %s\n", ObjSpeak(bigrex));
printf("Sandy says %s\n", ObjSpeak(sandy));
ObjDestroy(kara);
ObjDestroy(bruce);
ObjDestroy(bigrex);
ObjDestroy(sandy);
return 0;
}