Exponentiation order: Difference between revisions
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This task will demonstrate the order of [[wp:Exponentiation|exponentiation]] <big>('''x<sup>y</sup>''') </big> when there are multiple exponents.
(Many programming languages, especially those with
Line 27:
;Related
* [[Exponentiation_operator|exponentiation operator]]
* [[Arbitrary-precision_integers_(included)|arbitrary-precision integers (included)]]
* [[Exponentiation with infix operators in (or operating on) the base]]
<br><br>
=={{header|11l}}==
<
print((5 ^ 3) ^ 2)
print(5 ^ (3 ^ 2))</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 40 ⟶ 42:
15625
1.95313e+06
</pre>
=={{header|Action!}}==
There is no power operator in Action! Power function for REAL type is used. But the precision is insufficient.
{{libheader|Action! Tool Kit}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="action!">INCLUDE "D2:REAL.ACT" ;from the Action! Tool Kit
PROC Main()
REAL r2,r3,r5,tmp1,tmp2
Put(125) PutE() ;clear screen
IntToReal(2,r2)
IntToReal(3,r3)
IntToReal(5,r5)
PrintE("There is no power operator in Action!")
PrintE("Power function for REAL type is used.")
PrintE("But the precision is insufficient.")
Power(r5,r3,tmp1)
Power(tmp1,r2,tmp2)
Print("(5^3)^2=")
PrintRE(tmp2)
Power(r3,r2,tmp1)
Power(r5,tmp1,tmp2)
Print("5^(3^2)=")
PrintRE(tmp2)
RETURN</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
[https://gitlab.com/amarok8bit/action-rosetta-code/-/raw/master/images/Exponentiation_order.png Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer]
<pre>
There is no power operator in Action!
Power function for REAL type is used.
But the precision is insufficient.
(5^3)^2=15624.9977
5^(3^2)=1953124.17
</pre>
Line 45 ⟶ 84:
5**3**2 is not a valid Ada expression. Parenthesis are mandatory.
<
procedure Exponentation_Order is
Line 53 ⟶ 92:
Put_Line ("(5**3)**2 : " & Natural'((5**3)**2)'Image);
Put_Line ("5**(3**2) : " & Natural'(5**(3**2))'Image);
end Exponentation_Order;</
{{out}}
Line 61 ⟶ 100:
=={{header|ALGOL 68}}==
Algol 68 provides various alternative symbols for the exponentiation operator generally, "**", "^" and "UP" can be used.
<
print( ( "(5**3)**2: ", (5**3)**2, newline ) );
print( ( "5**(3**2): ", 5**(3**2), newline ) )</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 69 ⟶ 108:
(5**3)**2: +15625
5**(3**2): +1953125
</pre>
=={{header|ALGOL-M}}==
The eponentiation operator ** in ALGOL-M works only on integer operands.
<syntaxhighlight lang = "ALGOL">
begin
write("5**3**2 = ", 5**3**2);
write("(5**3)**2 = ", (5**3)**2);
write("5**(3**2) = ", 5**(3**2));
end
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
The third expression results in a value that exceeds the maximum integer value of 16383. Sadly, ALGOL-M emits no warning or error message when this occurs but simply gives the wrong answer.
<pre>
5**3**2 = 15625
(5**3)**2 = 15625
5**(3**2) = -12955
</pre>
=={{header|ALGOL W}}==
The Algol W exponentiation operator always produces a real result and requires an integer right operand, hence the round functions in the following.
<
write( "5**3**2: ", round( 5 ** 3 ** 2 ) );
write( "(5**3)**2: ", round( ( 5 ** 3 ) ** 2 ) );
write( "5**(3**2): ", round( 5 ** round( 3 ** 2 ) ) )
end.</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 100 ⟶ 158:
AppleScript's compiler inserts its own parentheses with 5 ^ 3 ^ 2.
<
set r2 to (5 ^ 3) ^ 2
set r3 to 5 ^ (3 ^ 2)
Line 106 ⟶ 164:
return "5 ^ 3 ^ 2 = " & r1 & "
(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = " & r2 & "
5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = " & r3</
{{output}}
Line 112 ⟶ 170:
(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = 1.5625E+4
5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = 1.953125E+6"</pre>
=={{header|Arturo}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">print 5^3^2
print (5^3)^2
print 5^(3^2)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>1953125
15625
1953125</pre>
=={{header|AWK}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="awk">
# syntax: GAWK -f EXPONENTIATION_ORDER.AWK
BEGIN {
Line 122 ⟶ 192:
exit(0)
}
</syntaxhighlight>
<p>output:</p>
<pre>
Line 131 ⟶ 201:
=={{header|BASIC}}==
==={{header|
<syntaxhighlight lang="gwbasic">?"5^3^2 = "5 ^ 3 ^ 2 CHR$ (13)"(5^3)^2 = "(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 CHR$ (13)"5^(3^2) = "5 ^ (3 ^ 2);</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5
(5
5
==={{header|BASIC256}}===
{{works with|QBasic}}
{{works with|FreeBASIC}}
{{works with|True BASIC}}
{{works with|Run BASIC}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">print "5^3^2 = "; 5^3^2
print "(5^3)^2 = "; (5^3)^2
print "5^(3^2) = "; 5^(3^2)
end</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|BBC BASIC}}===
<
PRINT "(5^3)^2 = "; (5^3)^2
PRINT "5^(3^2) = "; 5^(3^2)</
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|Chipmunk Basic}}===
{{works with|Chipmunk Basic|3.6.4}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">10 print "5^3^2 = "5^3^2
20 print "(5^3)^2 = "(5^3)^2
30 print "5^(3^2) = "5^(3^2)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|GW-BASIC}}===
{{works with|Applesoft BASIC}}
{{works with|Chipmunk Basic}}
{{works with|MSX_BASIC}}
{{works with|PC-BASIC|any}}
{{works with|QBasic}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">10 PRINT "5^3^2 =" 5^3^2
20 PRINT "(5^3)^2 =" (5^3)^2
30 PRINT "5^(3^2) =" 5^(3^2)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
Line 150 ⟶ 255:
==={{header|IS-BASIC}}===
<
110 PRINT "(5^3)^2 =";(5^3)^2
120 PRINT "5^(3^2) =";5^(3^2)</
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|MSX Basic}}===
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">10 PRINT "5^3^2 =" 5^3^2
20 PRINT "(5^3)^2 =" (5^3)^2
30 PRINT "5^(3^2) =" 5^(3^2)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|PureBasic}}===
In the PureBasic it is impossible to show the result of: 5^3^2
<syntaxhighlight lang="vb">OpenConsole()
PrintN("(5^3)^2 = " + Str(Pow(Pow(5, 3), 2)))
PrintN("5^(3^2) = " + Str(Pow(5, (Pow(3, 2)))))
CloseConsole()</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|QBasic}}===
{{works with|QBasic|1.1}}
{{works with|QuickBasic|4.5}}
{{works with|FreeBASIC}}
{{works with|True BASIC}}
{{works with|BASIC256}}
{{works with|Run BASIC}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">PRINT "5^3^2 ="; 5^3^2
PRINT "(5^3)^2 ="; (5^3)^2
PRINT "5^(3^2) ="; 5^(3^2)
END</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|Run BASIC}}===
{{works with|QBasic}}
{{works with|FreeBASIC}}
{{works with|True BASIC}}
{{works with|BASIC256}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">print "5^3^2 = "; 5^3^2
print "(5^3)^2 = "; (5^3)^2
print "5^(3^2) = "; 5^(3^2)
end</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|True BASIC}}===
{{works with|QBasic}}
{{works with|FreeBASIC}}
{{works with|BASIC256}}
{{works with|Run BASIC}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">PRINT "5^3^2 ="; 5^3^2
PRINT "(5^3)^2 ="; (5^3)^2
PRINT "5^(3^2) ="; 5^(3^2)
END</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|XBasic}}===
{{works with|Windows XBasic}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">PROGRAM "Exponentiation order"
VERSION "0.0000"
DECLARE FUNCTION Entry ()
FUNCTION Entry ()
PRINT "5^3^2 ="; 5**3**2
PRINT "(5^3)^2 ="; (5**3)**2
PRINT "5^(3^2) ="; 5**(3**2)
END FUNCTION
END PROGRAM</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|Yabasic}}===
{{works with|QBasic}}
{{works with|FreeBASIC}}
{{works with|True BASIC}}
{{works with|BASIC256}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">print "5^3^2 = ", 5^3^2
print "(5^3)^2 = ", (5^3)^2
print "5^(3^2) = ", 5^(3^2)
end</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 15625
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125</pre>
==={{header|Sinclair ZX81 BASIC}}===
<syntaxhighlight lang="basic">10 PRINT "5**3**2 = ";5**3**2
20 PRINT "(5**3)**2 = ";(5**3)**2
30 PRINT "5**(3**2) = ";5**(3**2)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5**3**2 = 15625
(5**3)**2 = 15625
5**(3**2) = 1953125</pre>
=={{header|Bracmat}}==
<
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2: 1953125
Line 168 ⟶ 377:
C does not have an exponentiation operator. The caret operator '^' performs xor bitwise operation in C. The function pow in the standard C Math library takes two arguments.
<
#include<math.h>
Line 177 ⟶ 386:
return 0;
}</
{{out}}
Line 185 ⟶ 394:
</pre>
=={{header|C
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
std::cout << "(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = " << (uint) pow(pow(5,3), 2) << std::endl;
std::cout << "5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = "<< (uint) pow(5, (pow(3, 2)));
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}</syntaxhighlight>
With permissive flag:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
enum my_int {};
inline my_int operator^(my_int a, my_int b) { return static_cast<my_int>(pow(a,b)); }
int main() {
my_int x = 5, y = 3, z = 2;
std::cout << "(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = " << ((x^y)^z) << std::endl;
std::cout << "5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = "<< (x^(y^z));
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = 15625
5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">using System;
namespace exponents
Line 207 ⟶ 447:
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 213 ⟶ 453:
1953125
</pre>
=={{header|Clojure}}==
Clojure uses prefix notation and expt only takes 2 arguments for exponentiation, so "5**3**2" isn't represented.
<
;; (5**3)**2
(expt (expt 5 3) 2) ; => 15625
Line 230 ⟶ 469:
;; 5**(3**2) alternative: evaluating right-to-left with reduce requires a small modification
(defn rreduce [f coll] (reduce #(f %2 %) (reverse coll)))
(rreduce expt [5 3 2]) ; => 1953125</
=={{header|CLU}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="clu">start_up = proc ()
po: stream := stream$primary_output()
stream$putl(po, "5**3**2 = " || int$unparse(5**3**2))
stream$putl(po, "(5**3)**2 = " || int$unparse((5**3)**2))
stream$putl(po, "5**(3**2) = " || int$unparse(5**(3**2)))
end start_up</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5**3**2 = 1953125
(5**3)**2 = 15625
5**(3**2) = 1953125</pre>
=={{header|Common Lisp}}==
Because Common Lisp uses prefix notation and <code>expt</code> accepts only two arguments, it doesn't have an expression for <code>5**3**2</code>. Just showing expressions for the latter two.
<
(expt 5 (expt 3 2))</
{{out}}
<pre>15625
Line 241 ⟶ 493:
=={{header|D}}==
<
import std.stdio, std.math, std.algorithm;
Line 248 ⟶ 500:
writefln("5 ^^ (3 ^^ 2) = %7d", 5 ^^ (3 ^^ 2));
writefln("[5, 3, 2].reduce!pow = %7d", [5, 3, 2].reduce!pow);
}</
{{out}}
<pre>5 ^^ 3 ^^ 2 = 1953125
Line 254 ⟶ 506:
5 ^^ (3 ^^ 2) = 1953125
[5, 3, 2].reduce!pow = 15625</pre>
=={{header|Delphi}}==
{{works with|Delphi|6.0}}
{{libheader|Math,SysUtils,StdCtrls}}
Delphi doesn't have exponentiation but it does have the "Power" function in the math library
<syntaxhighlight lang="Delphi">
procedure ExponentDemo(Memo: TMemo);
begin
Memo.Lines.Add('5^3^2 = '+FloatToStrF(Power(5,Power(3,2)),ffNumber,18,0));
Memo.Lines.Add('(5^3)^2 = '+FloatToStrF(Power(Power(5,3),2),ffNumber,18,0));
Memo.Lines.Add('5^(3^2) = '+FloatToStrF(Power(5,Power(3,2)),ffNumber,18,0));
end;
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5^3^2 = 1,953,125
(5^3)^2 = 15,625
5^(3^2) = 1,953,125
</pre>
=={{header|Dart}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="dart">import 'dart:math' show pow;
void main() {
print('(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = ${pow(pow(5, 3), 2)}');
print('5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = ${pow(5, (pow(3, 2)))}');
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = 15625
5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = 1953125</pre>
=={{header|EasyLang}}==
<syntaxhighlight>
print "(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = " & pow (pow 5 3) 2
print "5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = " & pow 5 pow 3 2
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|EchoLisp}}==
<
;; the standard and secure way is to use the (expt a b) function
(expt 5 (expt 3 2)) ;; 5 ** ( 3 ** 2)
Line 273 ⟶ 565:
(5 ** (3 ** 2))
→ 1953125
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Factor}}==
Factor is a stack language where expressions take the form of reverse Polish notation, so there is no ambiguity here. It is up to you, the programmer, to perform operations in the order you intend.
<
5 3 2 ^ ^
Line 283 ⟶ 575:
5 3 ^ 2 ^
"5 3 ^ 2 ^ %d\n" printf</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 292 ⟶ 584:
Factor also has syntax for infix arithmetic via the the <code>infix</code> vocabulary.
<
[infix 5**3**2 infix]
Line 301 ⟶ 593:
[infix 5**(3**2) infix]
"5**(3**2) = %d\n" printf</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 310 ⟶ 602:
=={{header|Fortran}}==
<
write(*, "(a, i0)") "(5**3)**2 = ", (5**3)**2
write(*, "(a, i0)") "5**(3**2) = ", 5**(3**2)</
{{out}}
<pre>5**3**2 = 1953125
Line 319 ⟶ 611:
=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==
<
' The exponentation operator in FB is ^ rather than **.
Line 329 ⟶ 621:
Print "(5^3)^2 =>"; (5^3)^2
Print "5^(3^2) =>"; 5^(3^2)
Sleep</
{{out}}
Line 341 ⟶ 633:
Frink correctly follows standard mathematical notation that exponent towers are performed from "top to bottom" or "right to left."
<
println["(5^3)^2 = " + (5^3)^2]
println["5^(3^2) = " + 5^(3^2)]
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
Line 351 ⟶ 643:
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|FutureBasic}}==
FB is translated into C which does not have an exponentiation operator. The caret operator '^' performs xor bitwise operation. FB also has an fn pow function, translated from the the standard C Math library, which takes two arguments.
<syntaxhighlight lang="futurebasic">
print "(5^3)^2 = "; (5^3)^2
print "5^(3^2) = "; 5^(3^2)
print
print "fn pow( fn pow(5,3), 2 ) = "; fn pow( fn pow(5,3), 2 )
print "fn pow( 5, fn pow(3,2 ) ) = "; fn pow( 5, fn pow(3,2 ) )
HandleEvents
</syntaxhighlight>
{{output}}
<pre>
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125
fn pow( fn pow(5,3), 2 ) = 15625
fn pow( 5, fn pow(3,2 ) ) = 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|Go}}==
<
import "fmt"
Line 367 ⟶ 679:
fmt.Printf("(5^3)^2 = %.0f\n", b)
fmt.Printf("5^(3^2) = %.0f\n", c)
}</
{{out}}
Line 379 ⟶ 691:
Solution:
<
println("(5 ** 3)** 2 == " + (5**3)**2)
println(" 5 **(3 ** 2)== " + 5**(3**2))</
Output:
Line 442 ⟶ 754:
J uses the same evaluation order for exponentiation as it does for assignment. That is to say: the bottom up view is right-to-left and the top-down view is left-to-right.
<
1.95312e6
(5^3)^2
15625
5^(3^2)
1.95312e6</
----
Line 459 ⟶ 771:
jq's built-in for exponentiation is an arity-two function and thus no ambiguity arising from infix-notation is possible. Here's an example:
<
15625</
For chaining, one could use `reduce`:
<
[5,3,2] | pow</
Result: 15625
Line 473 ⟶ 785:
{{works with|Julia|0.6}}
<
@show (5 ^ 3) ^ 2
@show 5 ^ (3 ^ 2)
@show reduce(^, [5, 3, 2])
@show foldl(^, [5, 3, 2]) # guarantees left associativity
@show foldr(^, [5, 3, 2]) # guarantees right associativity</
{{out}}
Line 490 ⟶ 802:
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
Kotlin does not have a dedicated exponentiation operator and we would normally use Java's Math.pow function instead. However, it's possible to define an infix function which would look like an operator and here we do so for integer base and exponent. For simplicity we disallow negative exponents altogether and consider 0 ** 0 == 1. Associativity would, of course, be the same as for a normal function call.
<
infix fun Int.ipow(exp: Int): Int = when {
Line 512 ⟶ 824:
println("(5**3)**2 = ${(5 ipow 3) ipow 2}")
println("5**(3**2) = ${5 ipow (3 ipow 2)}")
}</
{{out}}
Line 525 ⟶ 837:
Because lambdatalk uses prefix notation and {pow a b} accepts only two arguments, it doesn't have an expression for 5**3**2. Just showing expressions for the latter two.
<
'{pow {pow 5 3} 2}
-> {pow {pow 5 3} 2}
'{pow 5 {pow 3 2}}
-> {pow 5 {pow 3 2}}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|langur}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="langur">writeln " 5^3^2: ", 5^3^2
writeln "(5^3)^2: ", (5^3)^2
writeln "5^(3^2): ", 5^(3^2)
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre> 5^3^2: 1953125
(5^3)^2: 15625
5^(3^2): 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|Latitude}}==
<
(5 ^ 3) ^ 2. ;; 15625
5 ^ (3 ^ 2). ;; 1953125</
=={{header|Lua}}==
<
print("(5^3)^2 = " .. (5^3)^2)
print("5^(3^2) = " .. 5^(3^2))</
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 1953125
Line 548 ⟶ 872:
=={{header|Maple}}==
<
(5^3)^2;
5^(3^2);</
{{Out|Output}}
<pre>Error, ambiguous use of `^`, please use parentheses
Line 557 ⟶ 881:
=={{header|Mathematica}} / {{header|Wolfram Language}}==
<
Print[a <> " = " <> ToString[ToExpression[a]]]
b = "(5^3)^2";
Print[b <> " = " <> ToString[ToExpression[b]]]
c = "5^(3^2)";
Print[c <> " = " <> ToString[ToExpression[c]]]</
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 1953125
Line 571 ⟶ 895:
As with other postfix languages, there is no ambiguity because all operators have the same precedence.
{{works with|min|0.19.6}}
<
"5 3 2 ^ ^ " print! puts!
5 3 pow 2 pow
"5 3 ^ 2 ^ " print! puts!</
{{out}}
<pre>
5 3 2 ^ ^ 1953125.0
5 3 ^ 2 ^ 15625.0
</pre>
=={{header|MiniScript}}==
REPL output.
{{out}}
<pre>
]5^3^2
15625
](5^3)^2
15625
]5^(3^2)
1953125
</pre>
=={{header|Nanoquery}}==
Nanoquery uses the '^' operator, which performs exponentiation in order like multiplication. Parenthesis are often needed to perform operations like 5^3^2 correctly.
<
15625
% println (5^3)^2
15625
% println 5^(3^2)
1953125</
=={{header|Nim}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">import math, sequtils
echo "5^3^2 = ", 5^3^2
echo "(5^3)^2 = ", (5^3)^2
echo "5^(3^2) = ", 5^(3^2)
echo "foldl([5, 3, 2], a^b) = ", foldl([5, 3, 2], a^b)
echo "foldr([5, 3, 2], a^b) = ", foldr([5, 3, 2], a^b)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 1953125
(5^3)^2 = 15625
5^(3^2) = 1953125
foldl([5, 3, 2], a^b) = 15625
foldr([5, 3, 2], a^b) = 1953125</pre>
=={{header|OCaml}}==
OCaml language has '**' as an exponentiation symbol for floating point integers
<syntaxhighlight lang="ocaml">
# 5. ** 3. ** 2. ;;
# 5. **( 3. ** 2.) ;;
#(5. ** 3. ) **2. ;;
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 608 ⟶ 960:
=={{header|PARI/GP}}==
Exponentiation is right-associative in GP.
<
apply(f, ["5^3^2", "(5^3)^2", "5^(3^2)"]);</
{{out}}
<pre>5^3^2 = 1953125
Line 616 ⟶ 968:
=={{header|Perl}}==
<
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 625 ⟶ 977:
=={{header|Phix}}==
{{libheader|Phix/basics}}
Phix has a power function rather than an infix power operator, hence there is no possible confusion.
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">-->
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?<span style="color: #7060A8;">power<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #7060A8;">power<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">5<span style="color: #0000FF;">,<span style="color: #000000;">3<span style="color: #0000FF;">)<span style="color: #0000FF;">,<span style="color: #000000;">2<span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?<span style="color: #7060A8;">power<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">5<span style="color: #0000FF;">,<span style="color: #7060A8;">power<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">3<span style="color: #0000FF;">,<span style="color: #000000;">2<span style="color: #0000FF;">)<span style="color: #0000FF;">)
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
{{out}}
<pre>
15625
1953125
</pre>
=={{header|Picat}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="picat">main =>
X = 5**3**2, Y = (5**3)**2, Z = 5**(3**2),
print("5**3**2 = "), println(X),
print("(5**3)**2 = "), println(Y),
print("5**(3**2) = "), print(Z).
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5**3**2 = 1953125
(5**3)**2 = 15625
5**(3**2) = 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
The PicoLisp '**' exponentiation function takes 2 arguments
<
-> 15625
: (** 5 (** 3 2))
-> 1953125</
=={{header|PL/I}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="pli">exponentiation: procedure options(main);
put skip edit('5**3**2 = ', 5**3**2) (A,F(7));
put skip edit('(5**3)**2 = ', (5**3)**2) (A,F(7));
put skip edit('5**(3**2) = ', 5**(3**2)) (A,F(7));
end exponentiation;</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5**3**2 = 15625
(5**3)**2 = 15625
5**(3**2) = 1953125</pre>
=={{header|Python}}==
<
1953125
>>> (5**3)**2
Line 655 ⟶ 1,037:
>>> reduce(pow, (5, 3, 2))
15625
>>> </
=={{header|Quackery}}==
Quackery uses Reverse Polish Notation, so there is no ambiguity and no need for parenthesising.
As a dialogue in the Quackery Shell…
<pre>Welcome to Quackery.
Enter "leave" to leave the shell.
/O> $ "5 3 2 ** **" dup echo$ say " returns " quackery echo cr
... $ "5 3 ** 2 **" dup echo$ say " returns " quackery echo cr
...
5 3 2 ** ** returns 1953125
5 3 ** 2 ** returns 15625
Stack empty.</pre>
=={{header|R}}==
The 'Operator Syntax and Precedence' documentation tells us that "^" is "exponentiation (right to left)". The 'Arithmetic Operators' documentation also tells us that the parser translates "**" to "^", but its depreciation status is complicated.
It turns out that the parser is so blind to "**" that we cannot even quote it. The following are identical:
<syntaxhighlight lang="rsplus">print(quote(5**3))
print(quote(5^3))</syntaxhighlight>
Another method is to use "^" as if it is an ordinary function of two arguments. It appears that "**" does not support this. As there is no potential for ambiguity in the operator precedence, we will not print this result below. For example:
<syntaxhighlight lang="rsplus">'^'('^'(5, 3), 2)</syntaxhighlight>
is clearly (5^3)^2 i.e. 15625, whereas
<syntaxhighlight lang="rsplus">'^'(5, '^'(3, 2))</syntaxhighlight>
is clearly 5^(3^2) i.e. 1953125.
As for actually solving the task, the requirement that each output be on a new line causes us a surprising amount of difficulty. To avoid repeating ourselves, we must almost resort to metaprogramming:
<syntaxhighlight lang="rsplus">inputs <- alist(5^3^2, (5^3)^2, 5^(3^2), 5**3**2, (5**3)**2, 5**(3**2))
invisible(sapply(inputs, function(x) cat(deparse(x), "returns: ", eval(x), "\n")))</syntaxhighlight>
Alternatively, we could print out a matrix or data frame:
<syntaxhighlight lang="rsplus">print(matrix(sapply(inputs, eval), dimnames = list(inputs, "Outputs")))
print(data.frame(Inputs = sapply(inputs, deparse), Outputs = sapply(inputs, eval))))</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>> print(quote(5**3))
5^3
> print(quote(5^3))
5^3
> invisible(sapply(inputs, function(x) cat(deparse(x), "returns: ", eval(x), "\n")))
5^3^2 returns: 1953125
(5^3)^2 returns: 15625
5^(3^2) returns: 1953125
5^3^2 returns: 1953125
(5^3)^2 returns: 15625
5^(3^2) returns: 1953125
> print(matrix(sapply(inputs, eval), dimnames = list(inputs, "Outputs")))
Outputs
5^3^2 1953125
(5^3)^2 15625
5^(3^2) 1953125
5^3^2 1953125
(5^3)^2 15625
5^(3^2) 1953125
> print(data.frame(Inputs = sapply(inputs, deparse), Outputs = sapply(inputs, eval)))
Inputs Outputs
1 5^3^2 1953125
2 (5^3)^2 15625
3 5^(3^2) 1953125
4 5^3^2 1953125
5 (5^3)^2 15625
6 5^(3^2) 1953125</pre>
=={{header|Racket}}==
<
;; 5**3**2 depends on associativity of ** : Racket's (scheme's) prefix function
;; calling syntax only allows for pairs of arguments for expt.
Line 679 ⟶ 1,127:
(require (only-in srfi/1 reduce reduce-right))
(reduce expt 1 '(5 3 2))
(reduce-right expt 1 '(5 3 2))</
{{out}}
<pre>prefix
Line 697 ⟶ 1,145:
Note that the reduction forms automatically go right-to-left because the base operator is right-associative. Most other operators are left-associative and would automatically reduce left-to-right instead.
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku"
sub demo($x) { say " $x\t───► ", EVAL $x }
Line 711 ⟶ 1,159:
demo '(5³)²';
demo '5³²';
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
Line 725 ⟶ 1,173:
The Unicode exponent form without parentheses ends up raising to the 32nd power. Nor are you even allowed to parenthesize it the other way: <tt>5(³²)</tt> would be a syntax error. Despite all that, for programs that do a lot of squaring or cubing, the postfix forms can enhance both readability and concision.
=={{header|Red}}==
In Red, operators simply evaluate left to right. As this differs from mathematical order of operations, Red provides the <code>math</code> function which evaluates a block using math rules instead of Red's default evaluation. One could also use the <code>power</code> function, sidestepping the issue of evaluation order entirely. All three approaches are shown.
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">Red["Exponentiation order"]
exprs: [
[5 ** 3 ** 2]
[(5 ** 3) ** 2]
[5 ** (3 ** 2)]
[power power 5 3 2] ;-- functions too
[power 5 power 3 2]
]
foreach expr exprs [
print [mold/only expr "=" do expr]
if find expr '** [
print [mold/only expr "=" math expr "using math"]
]
]</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5 ** 3 ** 2 = 15625
5 ** 3 ** 2 = 1953125 using math
(5 ** 3) ** 2 = 15625
(5 ** 3) ** 2 = 15625 using math
5 ** (3 ** 2) = 1953125
5 ** (3 ** 2) = 1953125 using math
power power 5 3 2 = 15625
power 5 power 3 2 = 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|REXX}}==
<
/*┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ The REXX language uses ** for exponentiation. │
Line 737 ⟶ 1,215:
say ' (5**3)**2 ───► ' (5**3)**2
say ' 5**(3**2) ───► ' 5**(3**2)
/*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/</
'''output'''
<pre>
Line 749 ⟶ 1,227:
In the Ring it is impossible to show the result of: 5^3^2
<
see "(5^3)^2 =>" + pow(pow(5,3),2) + nl
see "5^(3^2) =>" + pow(5,pow(3,2)) + nl
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
(5^3)^2 =>15625
5^(3^2) =>1953125
</pre>
=={{header|RPL}}==
When using reverse Polish notation, there is no parenthesis: the user must decide the exponentiation order.
When using algebraic notation:
'5^3^2' →NUM
'(5^3)^2' →NUM
'5^(3^2)' →NUM
{{out}}
<pre>
3: 15625
2: 15625
1: 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|Ruby}}==
<
ar.each{|exp| puts "#{exp}:\t#{eval exp}"}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 773 ⟶ 1,264:
=={{header|Rust}}==
<
println!("5**3**2 = {:7}", 5u32.pow(3).pow(2));
println!("(5**3)**2 = {:7}", (5u32.pow(3)).pow(2));
println!("5**(3**2) = {:7}", 5u32.pow(3u32.pow(2)));
}</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 783 ⟶ 1,274:
(5**3)**2 = 15625
5**(3**2) = 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|S-BASIC}}==
The exponentiation operator ^ works on both integer and real operands. Numeric constants in expressions are taken to be of type real, which is useful here, because the third result exceeds S-BASIC's manximum integer value of 32767.
<syntaxhighlight lang = "BASIC">
print "5^3^2 : "; 5 ^ 3 ^ 2
print "(5^3)^2 : "; (5 ^ 3) ^ 2
print "5^(3^2) : "; 5 ^ (3 ^ 2)
end
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5^3^2 : 15625
(5^3)^2 : 15625
5^(3^2) : 1.95312E+6
</pre>
Line 789 ⟶ 1,296:
=={{header|Seed7}}==
<
const proc: main is func
Line 796 ⟶ 1,303:
writeln("(5**3)**2 = " <& (5**3)**2);
writeln("5**(3**2) = " <& 5**(3**2));
end func;</
{{out}}
Line 807 ⟶ 1,314:
=={{header|Sidef}}==
In Sidef, the whitespace between the operands and the operator controls the precedence of the operation.
<
'5**3**2',
'(5**3)**2',
Line 819 ⟶ 1,326:
a.each {|e|
"%-12s == %s\n".printf(e, eval(e))
}</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 832 ⟶ 1,339:
=={{header|Simula}}==
<
OutText("(5**3)**2: "); OutInt((5**3)**2, 0); Outimage;
OutText("5**(3**2): "); OutInt(5**(3**2), 0); Outimage</
{{out}}
<pre>5** 3 **2: 15625
(5**3)**2: 15625
5**(3**2): 1953125</pre>
=={{header|Smalltalk}}==
Works in Smalltalk/X ¹
<p>Smalltalk strictly evaluates left to right; operators are not known to the language/parser, but instead message sends to the receiver on the left side (aka: virtual function calls) .
<syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk">Transcript show:'5**3**2 => '; showCR: 5**3**2.
Transcript show:'(5**3)**2 => '; showCR: (5**3)**2.
Transcript show:'5**(3**2) => '; showCR: 5**(3**2).</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5**(3**2) => 1953125
5**3**2 => 15625
(5**3)**2 => 15625
</pre>
Note ¹ other Smalltalk's may define ** to simply call "raisedTo:", which is standard.
=={{header|Stata}}==
<
15625
Line 849 ⟶ 1,370:
. di (5^(3^2))
1953125</
Likewise in Mata:
<
15625
Line 860 ⟶ 1,381:
. mata (5^(3^2))
1953125</
=={{header|Swift}}==
Swift doesn't have an exponentiation operator, however it's possible to define one, including the precedence and associativity.
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">precedencegroup ExponentiationPrecedence {
associativity: left
higherThan: MultiplicationPrecedence
}
infix operator ** : ExponentiationPrecedence
@inlinable
public func ** <T: BinaryInteger>(lhs: T, rhs: T) -> T {
guard lhs != 0 else {
return 1
}
var x = lhs
var n = rhs
var y = T(1)
while n > 1 {
switch n & 1 {
case 0:
n /= 2
case 1:
y *= x
n = (n - 1) / 2
case _:
fatalError()
}
x *= x
}
return x * y
}
print(5 ** 3 ** 2)
print((5 ** 3) ** 2)
print(5 ** (3 ** 2))</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>15625
15625
1953125</pre>
=={{header|Tcl}}==
<
puts "${expression}:\t[expr $expression]"
}</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 875 ⟶ 1,445:
=={{header|VBA}}==
<
Debug.Print "5^3^2", 5 ^ 3 ^ 2
Debug.Print "(5^3)^2", (5 ^ 3) ^ 2
Debug.Print "5^(3^2)", 5 ^ (3 ^ 2)
End Sub</
<pre>5^3^2 15625
(5^3)^2 15625
Line 886 ⟶ 1,456:
=={{header|VBScript}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="vb">
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "5^3^2 => " & 5^3^2
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "(5^3)^2 => " & (5^3)^2
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "5^(3^2) => " & 5^(3^2)
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Out}}
Line 900 ⟶ 1,470:
=={{header|Verbexx}}==
<
@SAY "5**3**2 = " ( 5**3**2 );
Line 910 ⟶ 1,480:
5**3**2 = 1953125
(5**3)**2 = 15625
5**(3**2) = 1953125</
=={{header|Wren}}==
{{libheader|Wren-fmt}}
Wren doesn't have an exponentiation operator as such but the Num class has a ''pow'' method which does the same thing.
<
var ops = [ "5**3**2", "(5**3)**2", "5**(3**2)" ]
var results = [ 5.pow(3).pow(2), (5.pow(3)).pow(2), 5.pow(3.pow(2)) ]
for (i in 0...ops.count) {
}</
{{out}}
Line 928 ⟶ 1,498:
(5**3)**2 -> 15625
5**(3**2) -> 1953125
</pre>
=={{header|XPL0}}==
XPL0 doesn't have an exponentiation operator, but it does have a Pow intrinsic (in the 32-bit versions).
<syntaxhighlight lang "XPL0">[Format(1, 0);
Text(0, "5**3**2 = "); RlOut(0, Pow(5., Pow(3., 2.))); CrLf(0); \right associative
Text(0, "(5**3)**2 = "); RlOut(0, Pow(Pow(5., 3.), 2.)); CrLf(0);
Text(0, "5**(3**2) = "); RlOut(0, Pow(5., Pow(3., 2.))); CrLf(0);
]</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5**3**2 = 1953125
(5**3)**2 = 15625
5**(3**2) = 1953125
</pre>
Line 933 ⟶ 1,517:
{{trans|C}}
zkl does not have an exponentiation operator but floats have a pow method.
<
println("(5 ^ 3) ^ 2 = %,d".fmt((5.0).pow(3).pow(2)));
println("5 ^ (3 ^ 2) = %,d".fmt((5.0).pow((3.0).pow(2))));</
{{out}}
<pre>
|