Draw a sphere
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
The task is to draw a sphere. The sphere can be represented graphically, or in ascii art, depending on the language capabilities. Either static or rotational projection is acceptable for this task.
BASIC
<lang QBASIC> SCREEN 13 ' enter high-color graphic mode
' sets palette colors B/N FOR i = 0 TO 255
PALETTE 255 - i, INT(i / 4) + INT(i / 4) * 256 + INT(i / 4) * 65536
NEXT i PALETTE 0, 0
' draw the sphere FOR i = 255 TO 0 STEP -1
x = 50 + i / 3 y = 99 CIRCLE (x, y), i / 3, i PAINT (x, y), i
NEXT i
' wait until keypress DO: LOOP WHILE INKEY$ = "" END </lang>
Brlcad
<lang brlcad>opendb balls.g y # Create a database to hold our shapes units cm # Set the unit of measure in ball.s sph 0 0 0 3 # Create a sphere of radius 3 cm named ball.s with its centre at 0,0,0 </lang>
C
The lighting calculation is somewhere between crude and bogus, but hey, I'm shading it with ASCII characters, don't expect too much. <lang C>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <string.h>
- include <ctype.h>
- include <math.h>
char shades[] = ".:!*oe&#%@";
double light[3] = { 30, 30, -50 }; void normalize(double * v) {
double len = sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]);
v[0] /= len; v[1] /= len; v[2] /= len;
}
double dot(double *x, double *y) {
double d = x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2];
return d < 0 ? -d : 0;
}
void draw_sphere(double R, double k, double ambient) {
int i, j, intensity;
double b;
double vec[3], x, y;
for (i = floor(-R); i <= ceil(R); i++) {
x = i + .5;
for (j = floor(-2 * R); j <= ceil(2 * R); j++) {
y = j / 2. + .5;
if (x * x + y * y <= R * R) {
vec[0] = x;
vec[1] = y;
vec[2] = sqrt(R * R - x * x - y * y);
normalize(vec);
b = pow(dot(light, vec), k) + ambient;
intensity = (1 - b) * (sizeof(shades) - 1);
if (intensity < 0) intensity = 0;
if (intensity >= sizeof(shades) - 1)
intensity = sizeof(shades) - 2;
putchar(shades[intensity]);
} else
putchar(' ');
}
putchar('\n');
}
}
int main()
{
normalize(light);
draw_sphere(20, 4, .1);
draw_sphere(10, 2, .4);
return 0;
}</lang>Output:<lang> #############%%%%
##&&eeeeeeeeee&&&&&&&####%%%%%%%%
&&eeooooooooooooooeeeee&&&&######%%%%%%%%
eeoo**************oooooooeeee&&&&####%%%%%%%%
&&oo**!!!!!!::!!!!!!!!****oooooee&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%
eeoo!!!!::::::::::::::!!!!*****ooeeee&&&&####%%%%%%%%%%%%
ee**!!::::............::::!!!!***ooooeeee&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%
&&oo!!::..................::!!!!*****ooeeee&&&&####%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
oo!!::....................::::!!*****ooeeee&&&&####%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ee**!!::....................::::!!*****ooeeee&&&&####%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&&oo!!::......................::::!!*****ooeeee&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ee**!!::......................::::!!*****ooeeee&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
##oo**!!::......................::!!!!*****ooeeee&&&&####%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&&oo**::::....................::::!!!!***ooooeeee&&&&####%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
eeoo**!!::..................::::!!!!*****ooooee&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
eeoo**!!::................::::!!!!****oooooeeee&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- eeoo**!!::::............::::!!!!!!****oooeeee&&&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- eeoo**!!!!::::::::::::::::!!!!!!****oooooeeee&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- eeoooo**!!!!!!::::::::!!!!!!******ooooeeeee&&&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- &&eeoo****!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!******ooooeeeee&&&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- &&eeoooo********************ooooooeeee&&&&&&&######%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- &&&&eeoooooo************ooooooeeeeee&&&&&&&########%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%##&&eeeeeeooooooooooooooooooeeeeee&&&&&&&########%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %####&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&&&&#########%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%##&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&&&&&&#########%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%######&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&###########%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%########&&&&&&&&&&&&&&############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%##############################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%######################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%####%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
::..:::::!!**
.............::!!**oo
...................::!!**ooee
.......................::!!ooeeee
.......................::!!**ooee
.........................::!!**ooeeee
.........................::!!**ooeeee
- .........................::!!**ooeeeeee
........................::!!**ooooeeeeee
- .......................::!!**ooeeeeeeee
- .....................::!!****ooeeeeeeee
!::................:::!!****ooeeeeeeeeee
- !!::..........::::!!!****ooooeeeeeeeeee
**!!::::::::::!!!!*****ooooeeeeeeeeee
oo**!!!!!!!!!!*******ooooeeeeeeeeeeee
oooo********oooooooeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeooooooooooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeee </lang>
Delphi
Under Microsoft Windows: If you notice the big sphere loses its roundness, then try increasing the width of the Windows console. By default it’s 80; so put it to something bigger, let’s say 90.
Steps: Run the CMD Windows shell. Then follow this path to setup the new width: Main Menu-> Properties -> Layout -> Window Size -> Width.
<lang Delphi> program DrawASphere;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses
SysUtils, Math;
type
TDouble3 = array[0..2] of Double; TChar10 = array[0..9] of Char;
var
shades: TChar10 = ('.', ':', '!', '*', 'o', 'e', '&', '#', '%', '@');
light: TDouble3 = (30, 30, -50 );
procedure normalize(var v: TDouble3); var len: Double; begin len:= sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]); v[0] := v[0] / len; v[1] := v[1] / len; v[2] := v[2] / len; end;
function dot(x, y: TDouble3): Double; begin Result:= x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2]; Result:= IfThen(Result < 0, -Result, 0 ); end;
procedure drawSphere(R, k, ambient: Double);
var
vec: TDouble3;
x, y, b: Double;
i, j,
intensity: Integer;
begin
for i:= Floor(-R) to Ceil(R) do
begin
x := i + 0.5;
for j:= Floor(-2*R) to Ceil(2 * R) do
begin
y:= j / 2 + 0.5;
if(x * x + y * y <= R * R) then
begin
vec[0]:= x;
vec[1]:= y;
vec[2]:= sqrt(R * R - x * x - y * y);
normalize(vec);
b:= Power(dot(light, vec), k) + ambient;
intensity:= IfThen(b <= 0,
Length(shades) - 2,
Trunc(max( (1 - b) * (Length(shades) - 1), 0 )));
Write(shades[intensity]);
end
else
Write(' ');
end;
Writeln;
end;
end;
begin
normalize(light); drawSphere(19, 4, 0.1); drawSphere(10, 2, 0.4); Readln;
end. </lang>
Output:
&&&&&&&&&&#######
&eeeeeooeeeeeeee&&&&&&#######
eeooo*********oooooeeeee&&&&&#######%
eo***!!!!!!!!!!!*****ooooeeee&&&&&#######%%
eo**!!!::::::::::!!!!!****ooooeeee&&&&########%%%
eo*!!::::........:::::!!!!****oooeeee&&&&########%%%%
eo*!!::..............:::::!!!***ooooeeee&&&&#########%%%%
eo*!!::..................:::!!!!***oooeeee&&&&&########%%%%%%
eo*!::....................::::!!!***ooooeeee&&&&#########%%%%%%
o**!::.....................::::!!!***ooooeeee&&&&#########%%%%%%%
eo*!::......................::::!!!***ooooeeee&&&&##########%%%%%%%
eo*!!::......................:::!!!!***ooooeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%
eo**!!::.....................:::!!!!***ooooeeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%%
&eo**!!::...................::::!!!!****oooeeeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%%%
eeo**!!:::................:::::!!!!****ooooeeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%%%%
&eoo**!!!::::............:::::!!!!****oooooeeee&&&&&###########%%%%%%%%%%%%
&eeo***!!!::::::::::::::::::!!!!!****ooooeeeee&&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&eeoo***!!!!::::::::::::!!!!!!*****oooooeeeee&&&&&&###########%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&&eeoo****!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*****oooooeeeee&&&&&&############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&&eeeooo*****!!!!!!!!!!*******ooooooeeeeee&&&&&&############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
#&&eeeoooo*****************oooooooeeeeee&&&&&&&############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
#&&&eeeeoooooooooooooooooooooooeeeeeee&&&&&&&#############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
##&&&&eeeeeoooooooooooooooeeeeeeeee&&&&&&&&##############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
###&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&&&&&&##############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
####&&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&&&&&&&################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
#####&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&#################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
########&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&####################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
############################################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%#######################################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%##################################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%###########################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%#################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
::...:::!!!*o
..............::!!*oo
..................::!!**ooe
.....................::!!**ooee
.......................::!!**ooee
........................::!!**oooee
.........................::!!**oooeee
:........................::!!!**oooeeee
........................::!!!**ooooeeee
:......................::!!!***oooeeeee
:....................:::!!!***oooeeeeee
!:.................:::!!!****oooeeeeeee
*!:::...........::::!!!!***ooooeeeeeeee
*!!!:::::::::::!!!!!****oooooeeeeeeee
o**!!!!!!!!!!!!!*****oooooeeeeeeeee
oo**************ooooooeeeeeeeeeee
eoooooooooooooooooeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeooooooooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeee
DWScript
but adapted to spit out a PGM image
<lang delphi> type
TFloat3 = array[0..2] of Float;
var
light : TFloat3 = [ 30, 30, -50 ];
procedure normalize(var v : TFloat3); var
len: Float;
begin
len := sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]); v[0] /= len; v[1] /= len; v[2] /= len;
end;
function dot(x, y : TFloat3) : Float; begin
Result := x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2];
if Result<0 then
Result:=-Result
else Result:=0;
end;
procedure drawSphere(R, k, ambient : Float); var
vec : TFloat3; x, y, b : Float; i, j, size, intensity : Integer;
begin
size:=Trunc(Ceil(R)-Floor(-R)+1);
PrintLn('P2');
PrintLn(IntToStr(size)+' '+IntToStr(size));
PrintLn('255');
for i := Floor(-R) to Ceil(R) do begin
x := i + 0.5;
for j := Floor(-R) to Ceil(R) do begin
y := j + 0.5;
if (x * x + y * y <= R * R) then begin
vec[0] := x;
vec[1] := y;
vec[2] := sqrt(R * R - x * x - y * y);
normalize(vec);
b := Power(dot(light, vec), k) + ambient;
intensity := ClampInt( Round(b*255), 0, 255);
Print(intensity);
Print(' ')
end else Print('0 ');
end;
PrintLn();
end;
end;
normalize(light); drawSphere(19, 4, 0.1); </lang>
Icon and Unicon
Unicon provides a built-in interface to openGL including some higher level abstractions (for more information see Unicon Technical References, 3D Graphics). The example below draws a blue sphere on a black background and waits for input to quit.
<lang Unicon>procedure main() W := open("Demo", "gl", "size=400,400", "bg=black") | stop("can't open window!") WAttrib(W, "slices=40", "rings=40", "light0=on, ambient white; diffuse gold; specular gold; position 5, 0, 0" ) Fg(W, "emission blue") DrawSphere(W, 0, 0, -5, 1) Event(W) end</lang>
J
The simplest way to draw a sphere is to run the sphere demo code from J's simple demos. (This assumes J version 6.)
Normally you would bring up this demo by using the menu system:
Studio
> Demos...
> opengl simple... [ok]
> sphere [Run]
<lang j>load 'system/examples/graphics/opengl/simple/sphere.ijs'</lang>
Java
<lang java>public class Sphere{
static char[] shades = {'.', ':', '!', '*', 'o', 'e', '&', '#', '%', '@'};
static double[] light = { 30, 30, -50 };
private static void normalize(double[] v){
double len = Math.sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]);
v[0] /= len; v[1] /= len; v[2] /= len;
}
private static double dot(double[] x, double[] y){
double d = x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2];
return d < 0 ? -d : 0;
}
public static void drawSphere(double R, double k, double ambient){
double[] vec = new double[3];
for(int i = (int)Math.floor(-R); i <= (int)Math.ceil(R); i++){
double x = i + .5;
for(int j = (int)Math.floor(-2 * R); j <= (int)Math.ceil(2 * R); j++){
double y = j / 2. + .5;
if(x * x + y * y <= R * R) {
vec[0] = x;
vec[1] = y;
vec[2] = Math.sqrt(R * R - x * x - y * y);
normalize(vec);
double b = Math.pow(dot(light, vec), k) + ambient;
int intensity = (b <= 0) ?
shades.length - 2 :
(int)Math.max((1 - b) * (shades.length - 1), 0);
System.out.print(shades[intensity]);
} else
System.out.print(' ');
}
System.out.println();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
normalize(light);
drawSphere(20, 4, .1);
drawSphere(10, 2, .4);
}
}</lang> Output:
&&&&&&&&&&#######
&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&&#######%
&eoooo*******oooooooeeeee&&&&&########%
eoo****!!!!!!!!******oooooeeee&&&&&########%%
eoo**!!!!::::::::!!!!!*****ooooeeee&&&&&########%%%
eo**!!::::::...:::::::!!!!!***ooooeeee&&&&&########%%%%
eo*!!:::.............:::::!!!!***ooooeeee&&&&&########%%%%%
eo*!!:::.................::::!!!!***ooooeeee&&&&#########%%%%%%
eo*!!::....................::::!!!****oooeeee&&&&&#########%%%%%%
&o**!::......................::::!!!****oooeeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%
&o**!::.......................::::!!!****oooeeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%
&oo*!!::.......................:::!!!!***ooooeeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%%
&eo*!!::.......................::::!!!****ooooeeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%%%
eo**!!::......................::::!!!!***ooooeeeee&&&&&##########%%%%%%%%%%
&eo**!!:::...................:::::!!!!****ooooeeee&&&&&###########%%%%%%%%%%%
eeo**!!::::................:::::!!!!!****ooooeeee&&&&&&###########%%%%%%%%%%%
&eeo***!!:::::...........::::::!!!!!****oooooeeee&&&&&&###########%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&eeoo**!!!!::::::::::::::::::!!!!!*****ooooeeeee&&&&&&############%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&eeooo***!!!!::::::::::::!!!!!!!*****oooooeeeee&&&&&&############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&&eeooo***!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!******oooooeeeeee&&&&&&############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
&&eeeooo******!!!!!!!!!!********ooooooeeeeee&&&&&&&############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
#&&eeeooooo******************oooooooeeeeee&&&&&&&#############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
#&&&eeeeoooooooo******oooooooooooeeeeeee&&&&&&&&#############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
##&&&&eeeeeooooooooooooooooooeeeeeeee&&&&&&&&&##############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
##&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&&&&&################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
####&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&&&&&&&################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
#####&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&#################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%#######&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&###################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%###########&&&&&&&&&&&&&#######################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%############################################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%#######################################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%#################################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%#########################%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%#############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
::...:::!!!*o
..............::!!*oo
..................::!!**ooe
.....................::!!**ooee
.......................::!!**ooee
........................::!!**oooee
.........................::!!**oooeee
:........................::!!!**oooeeee
........................::!!!**ooooeeee
:......................::!!!***oooeeeee
:....................:::!!!***oooeeeeee
!:.................:::!!!****oooeeeeeee
*!:::...........::::!!!!***ooooeeeeeeee
*!!!:::::::::::!!!!!****oooooeeeeeeee
o**!!!!!!!!!!!!!*****oooooeeeeeeeee
oo**************ooooooeeeeeeeeeee
eoooooooooooooooooeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeooooooooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeee
Logo
Drawing a sphere is actually very simple in logo, using the perspective function to make life easier.
<lang logo>to sphere :r cs perspective ht ;making the room ready to use repeat 180 [polystart circle :r polyend down 1] polyview end</lang>
Mathematica
Mathematica has many 3D drawing capabilities. To create a sphere with radius one centered at (0,0,0): <lang Mathematica>Graphics3D[Sphere[{0,0,0},1]]</lang>
Openscad
Drawing a sphere is easy in openscad:
<lang openscad>// This will produce a sphere of radius 5 sphere(5);</lang>
Perl 6
Translation of C. Modified to output .pgm file.
<lang perl6>my $x = my $y = 255; $x +|= 1; # must be odd
my @light = normalize([ 3, 2, -5 ]);
my $depth = 255;
sub MAIN ($outfile = 'sphere-perl6.pgm') {
my $out = open( $outfile, :w, :bin ) or die "$!\n";
$out.say("P5\n$x $y\n$depth"); # .pgm header
$out.print( draw_sphere( ($x-1)/2, .9, .2)».chrs );
$out.close;
}
sub normalize (@vec) { return @vec »/» ([+] @vec Z* @vec).sqrt }
sub dot (@x, @y) { return -([+] @x Z* @y) max 0 }
sub draw_sphere ( $rad, $k, $ambient ) {
my @pixels;
my $r2 = $rad * $rad;
my @range = -$rad .. $rad;
for @range X @range -> $x, $y {
if (my $x2 = $x * $x) + (my $y2 = $y * $y) < $r2 {
my @vector = normalize([$x, $y, ($r2 - $x2 - $y2).sqrt]);
my $intensity = dot(@light, @vector) ** $k + $ambient;
my $pixel = (0 max ($intensity * $depth).Int) min $depth;
@pixels.push($pixel);
}
else {
@pixels.push(0);
}
}
return @pixels;
}</lang>
PicoLisp
This is for the 64-bit version. <lang PicoLisp>(load "@lib/openGl.l")
(glutInit) (glutInitDisplayMode (| GLUT_RGBA GLUT_DOUBLE GLUT_ALPHA GLUT_DEPTH)) (glutInitWindowSize 400 400) (glutCreateWindow "Sphere")
(glEnable GL_LIGHTING) (glEnable GL_LIGHT0) (glLightiv GL_LIGHT0 GL_POSITION (10 10 -10 0))
(glEnable GL_COLOR_MATERIAL) (glColorMaterial GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE)
(glClearColor 0.3 0.3 0.5 0) (glColor4f 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.0)
(displayPrg
(glClear (| GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)) (glutSolidSphere 0.9 40 32) (glFlush) (glutSwapBuffers) )
- Exit upon mouse click
(mouseFunc '((Btn State X Y) (bye))) (glutMainLoop)</lang>
PostScript
Gradient filled circle: <lang PostScript>%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%BoundingBox 0 0 300 300
150 150 translate 0 0 130 0 360 arc
/Pattern setcolorspace << /PatternType 2
/Shading <<
/ShadingType 3
/ColorSpace /DeviceRGB
/Coords [-60 60 0 0 0 100]
/Function <<
/FunctionType 2
/Domain [0 1]
/C0 [1 1 1]
/C1 [0 0 0]
/N 2
>>
>>
>> matrix makepattern setcolor fill
showpage %%EOF </lang>
POV-Ray
This is what POVray was made for. An example with a sky, surface and transparency:
<lang POVray> camera { location <0.0 , .8 ,-3.0> look_at 0}
light_source{< 3,3,-3> color rgb 1}
sky_sphere { pigment{ gradient <0,1,0> color_map {[0 color rgb <.2,.1,0>][.5 color rgb 1]} scale 2}}
plane {y,-2 pigment { hexagon color rgb .7 color rgb .5 color rgb .6 }}
sphere { 0,1
texture {
pigment{ color rgbft <.8,1,1,.4,.4> }
finish { phong 1 reflection {0.40 metallic 0.5} }
}
interior { ior 1.5}
} </lang>
Yields this:
PureBasic
3D Sphere animation. <lang PureBasic>; Original by Comtois @ 28/03/06
- Updated/Formated by Fluid Byte @ March.24,2009
- http://www.purebasic.fr/english/viewtopic.php?p=281258#p281258
Declare CreateSphere(M,P) Declare UpdateMesh()
- _SIZEVERT = 36
- _SIZETRIS = 6
- FULLSCREEN = 0
Structure VECTOR
X.f Y.f Z.f
EndStructure
Structure VERTEX
X.f Y.f Z.f NX.f NY.f NZ.f Color.l U.f V.f
EndStructure
Structure TRIANGLE
V1.w V2.w V3.w
EndStructure
Macro CALC_NORMALS
*PtrV\NX = *PtrV\X *PtrV\NY = *PtrV\Y *PtrV\NZ = *PtrV\Z
EndMacro
Global *VBuffer, *IBuffer Global Meridian = 50, Parallele = 50, PasLength = 4, Length
Define EventID, i, NbSommet, CameraMode, Angle.f, Pas.f = 0.5
InitEngine3D() : InitSprite() : InitKeyboard()
Add3DArchive(GetTemporaryDirectory(),#PB_3DArchive_FileSystem) Add3DArchive(#PB_Compiler_Home + "Examples\Sources\Data\",#PB_3DArchive_FileSystem)
If #FULLSCREEN
OpenScreen(800,600,32,"Sphere 3D")
Else
OpenWindow(0,0,0,800,600,"Sphere 3D",#PB_Window_SystemMenu | 1) OpenWindowedScreen(WindowID(0),0,0,800,600,0,0,0)
EndIf
- -Texture
CreateImage(0,128,128) StartDrawing(ImageOutput(0)) For i = 0 To 127 Step 4
Box(0,i,ImageWidth(0),2,RGB(255,255,255)) Box(0,i + 2,ImageWidth(0),2,RGB(0,0,155))
Next i StopDrawing() SaveImage(0,GetTemporaryDirectory() + "temp.bmp") : FreeImage(0)
- -Material
CreateMaterial(0,LoadTexture(0,"temp.bmp")) RotateMaterial(0,0.1,#PB_Material_Animated)
- -Mesh
CreateSphere(Meridian,Parallele)
- -Entity
CreateEntity(0,MeshID(0),MaterialID(0)) ScaleEntity(0,60,60,60)
- -Camera
CreateCamera(0,0,0,100,100) MoveCamera(0,0,0,-200) CameraLookAt(0,EntityX(0),EntityY(0),EntityZ(0))
- -Light
AmbientColor(RGB(105, 105, 105)) CreateLight(0, RGB(255, 255, 55), EntityX(0) + 150, EntityY(0) , EntityZ(0)) CreateLight(1, RGB( 55, 255, 255), EntityX(0) - 150, EntityY(0) , EntityZ(0)) CreateLight(2, RGB( 55, 55, 255), EntityX(0) , EntityY(0) + 150, EntityZ(0)) CreateLight(3, RGB(255, 55, 255), EntityX(0) , EntityY(0) - 150, EntityZ(0))
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- MAINLOOP
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Repeat
If #FULLSCREEN = 0
Repeat
EventID = WindowEvent()
Select EventID
Case #PB_Event_CloseWindow : End
EndSelect
Until EventID = 0
EndIf
Angle + Pas
RotateEntity(0, Angle, Angle,Angle)
If PasLength > 0 : UpdateMesh() : EndIf
If ExamineKeyboard()
If KeyboardReleased(#PB_Key_F1)
CameraMode = 1 - CameraMode
CameraRenderMode(0, CameraMode)
EndIf
EndIf
RenderWorld()
FlipBuffers()
Until KeyboardPushed(#PB_Key_Escape)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- FUNCTIONS
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Procedure CreateSphere(M,P)
; M = Meridian
; P = Parallele
; The radius is 1. Front to remove it later, it's just for the demo.
If M < 3 Or P < 2 : ProcedureReturn 0 : EndIf
Protected Normale.VECTOR, NbSommet, i, j, Theta.f, cTheta.f, sTheta.f
Protected Alpha.f, cAlpha.f, sAlpha.f, *PtrV.VERTEX, *PtrF.TRIANGLE, NbTriangle
NbSommet = 2 + ((M + 1) * P)
*VBuffer = AllocateMemory(#_SIZEVERT * Nbsommet)
For i = 0 To M
Theta = i * #PI * 2.0 / M
cTheta = Cos(theta)
sTheta = Sin(theta)
For j = 1 To P
Alpha = j * #PI / (P + 1)
cAlpha = Cos(Alpha)
sAlpha = Sin(Alpha)
*PtrV = *VBuffer + #_SIZEVERT * ((i * P) + (j - 1))
*PtrV\X = sAlpha * cTheta
*PtrV\Y = sAlpha * sTheta
*PtrV\Z = cAlpha
*PtrV\U = Theta / (2.0 * #PI)
*PtrV\V = Alpha / #PI
CALC_NORMALS
Next j
Next i
; Southpole
*PtrV = *VBuffer + #_SIZEVERT * ((M + 1) * P)
*PtrV\X = 0
*PtrV\Y = 0
*PtrV\Z = -1
*PtrV\U = 0
*PtrV\V = 0
CALC_NORMALS
; Northpole
*PtrV + #_SIZEVERT
*PtrV\X = 0
*PtrV\Y = 0
*PtrV\Z = 1
*PtrV\U = 0
*PtrV\V = 0
CALC_NORMALS
; Les facettes
NbTriangle = 4 * M * P
*IBuffer = AllocateMemory(#_SIZETRIS * NbTriangle)
*PtrF = *IBuffer
For i = 0 To M - 1
For j = 1 To P - 1
*PtrF\V1 = ((i + 1) * P) + j
*PtrF\V2 = ((i + 1) * P) + (j - 1)
*PtrF\V3 = (i * P) + (j - 1)
*PtrF + #_SIZETRIS
*PtrF\V3 = ((i + 1) * P) + j ;Recto
*PtrF\V2 = ((i + 1) * P) + (j - 1) ;Recto
*PtrF\V1 = (i * P) + (j - 1) ;Recto
*PtrF + #_SIZETRIS
*PtrF\V1 = i * P + j
*PtrF\V2 = ((i + 1) * P) + j
*PtrF\V3 = (i * P) + (j - 1)
*PtrF + #_SIZETRIS
*PtrF\V3 = i * P + j ;Recto
*PtrF\V2 = ((i + 1) * P) + j ;Recto
*PtrF\V1 = (i * P) + (j - 1) ;Recto
*PtrF + #_SIZETRIS
Next j
Next i
; The Poles
For i = 0 To M - 1
*PtrF\V3 = (M + 1) * P + 1
*PtrF\V2 = (i + 1) * P
*PtrF\V1 = i * P
*PtrF + #_SIZETRIS
*PtrF\V1 = (M + 1) * P + 1 ;Recto
*PtrF\V2 = (i + 1) * P ;Recto
*PtrF\V3 = i * P ;Recto
*PtrF + #_SIZETRIS
Next i
For i = 0 To M - 1
*PtrF\V3 = (M + 1) * P
*PtrF\V2 = i * P + (P - 1)
*PtrF\V1 = (i + 1) * P + (P - 1)
*PtrF + #_SIZETRIS
*PtrF\V1 = (M + 1) * P ;Recto
*PtrF\V2 = i * P + (P - 1) ;Recto
*PtrF\V3 = (i + 1) * P + (P - 1) ;Recto
*PtrF + #_SIZETRIS
Next i
If CreateMesh(0,100)
Protected Flag = #PB_Mesh_Vertex | #PB_Mesh_Normal | #PB_Mesh_UVCoordinate | #PB_Mesh_Color
SetMeshData(0,Flag,*VBuffer,NbSommet)
SetMeshData(0,#PB_Mesh_Face,*IBuffer,NbTriangle)
ProcedureReturn 1
EndIf
ProcedureReturn 0
EndProcedure
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Procedure UpdateMesh()
Protected NbTriangle = 4 * Meridian * Parallele Length + PasLength If Length >= NbTriangle PasLength = 0 Length = Nbtriangle EndIf SetMeshData(0,#PB_Mesh_Face,*IBuffer,Length)
EndProcedure</lang>
SVG
Not quite a sphere.
Tcl
Assuming the task is to draw a likeness of a sphere, this would usually do:
<lang Tcl> proc grey {n} {format "#%2.2x%2.2x%2.2x" $n $n $n}
pack [canvas .c -height 400 -width 640 -background white]
for {set i 0} {$i < 255} {incr i} {
set h [grey $i]
.c create arc [expr {100+$i/5}] [expr {50+$i/5}] [expr {400-$i/1.5}] [expr {350-$i/1.5}] \
-start 0 -extent 359 -fill $h -outline $h}
} </lang> Results in this image:
