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;Related tasks
* [[Draw_a_cuboid|Draw a cuboid]]
* [[Write_language_name_in_3D_ASCII|write language name in 3D ASCII]]
<br><br>
 
=={{header|FutureBasicAda}}==
{{libheader|SDLAda}}
[[File:rotating_cube.jpg]]
{{trans|Go}}
Among the capabilities of FutureBasic (or FB as it's called by its developers) is the ability to compile Open GL code as demonstrated here.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ada">with Ada.Numerics.Elementary_Functions;
 
with SDL.Video.Windows.Makers;
<lang futurebasic>
with SDL.Video.Renderers.Makers;
include "Tlbx agl.incl"
with SDL.Events.Events;
include "Tlbx glut.incl"
 
procedure Rotating_Cube is
output file "Rotating Cube"
 
Width : constant := 500;
local fn AnimateCube
Height : constant := 500;
'~'1
Offset : constant := 500.0 / 2.0;
begin globals
dim as double  sRotation
end globals
 
Window : SDL.Video.Windows.Window;
// Speed of rotation
Renderer : SDL.Video.Renderers.Renderer;
sRotation += 2.9
Event : SDL.Events.Events.Events;
glMatrixMode( _GLMODELVIEW )
Quit : Boolean := False;
 
type Node_Id is new Natural;
glLoadIdentity()
type Point_3D is record X, Y, Z : Float; end record;
glTranslated( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
type Edge_Type is record A, B : Node_Id; end record;
glRotated( sRotation, -0.45, -0.8, -0.6 )
glColor3d( 1.0, 0.0, 0.3 )
glLineWidth( 1.5 )
glutWireCube( 1.0 )
end fn
 
Nodes : array (Node_Id range <>) of Point_3D :=
// Main program
((-100.0, -100.0, -100.0), (-100.0, -100.0, 100.0), (-100.0, 100.0, -100.0),
dim as GLint           attrib(2)
(-100.0, 100.0, 100.0), (100.0, -100.0, -100.0), (100.0, -100.0, 100.0),
dim as CGrafPtr        port
(100.0, 100.0, -100.0), (100.0, 100.0, 100.0));
dim as AGLPixelFormat  fmt
Edges : constant array (Positive range <>) of Edge_Type :=
dim as AGLContext      glContext
((0, 1), (1, 3), (3, 2), (2, 0), (4, 5), (5, 7),
dim as EventRecord     ev
(7, 6), (6, 4), (0, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7));
dim as GLboolean       yesOK
 
use Ada.Numerics.Elementary_Functions;
window 1, @"Rotating Cube", (0,0) - (500,500)
 
procedure Rotate_Cube (AngleX, AngleY : in Float) is
attrib(0) = _AGLRGBA
SinX : constant Float := Sin (AngleX);
attrib(1) = _AGLDOUBLEBUFFER
CosX : constant Float := Cos (AngleX);
attrib(2) = _AGLNONE
SinY : constant Float := Sin (AngleY);
CosY : constant Float := Cos (AngleY);
X, Y, Z : Float;
begin
for Node of Nodes loop
X := Node.X;
Y := Node.Y;
Z := Node.Z;
Node.X := X * CosX - Z * SinX;
Node.Z := Z * CosX + X * SinX;
Z := Node.Z;
Node.Y := Y * CosY - Z * SinY;
Node.Z := Z * CosY + Y * SinY;
end loop;
end Rotate_Cube;
 
function Poll_Quit return Boolean is
fmt = fn aglChoosePixelFormat( 0, 0, attrib(0) )
use type SDL.Events.Event_Types;
glContext = fn aglCreateContext( fmt, 0 )
begin
aglDestroyPixelFormat( fmt )
while SDL.Events.Events.Poll (Event) loop
if Event.Common.Event_Type = SDL.Events.Quit then
return True;
end if;
end loop;
return False;
end Poll_Quit;
 
procedure Draw_Cube (Quit : out Boolean) is
port = window( _wndPort )
use SDL.C;
yesOK = fn aglSetDrawable( glContext, port )
Pi : constant := Ada.Numerics.Pi;
yesOK = fn aglSetCurrentContext( glContext )
Xy1, Xy2 : Point_3D;
begin
Rotate_Cube (Pi / 4.0, Arctan (Sqrt (2.0)));
for Frame in 0 .. 359 loop
Renderer.Set_Draw_Colour ((0, 0, 0, 255));
Renderer.Fill (Rectangle => (0, 0, Width, Height));
 
Renderer.Set_Draw_Colour ((0, 220, 0, 255));
glClearColor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
for Edge of Edges loop
Xy1 := Nodes (Edge.A);
Xy2 := Nodes (Edge.B);
Renderer.Draw (Line => ((int (Xy1.X + Offset), int (Xy1.Y + Offset)),
(int (Xy2.X + Offset), int (Xy2.Y + Offset))));
end loop;
Rotate_Cube (Pi / 180.0, 0.0);
Window.Update_Surface;
Quit := Poll_Quit;
exit when Quit;
delay 0.020;
end loop;
end Draw_Cube;
 
begin
if not SDL.Initialise (Flags => SDL.Enable_Screen) then
return;
end if;
 
SDL.Video.Windows.Makers.Create (Win => Window,
Title => "Rotating cube",
Position => SDL.Natural_Coordinates'(X => 10, Y => 10),
Size => SDL.Positive_Sizes'(Width, Height),
Flags => 0);
SDL.Video.Renderers.Makers.Create (Renderer, Window.Get_Surface);
 
while not Quit loop
Draw_Cube (Quit);
end loop;
 
Window.Finalize;
SDL.Finalise;
end Rotating_Cube;</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Amazing Hopper}}==
{{Trans|BASIC256}}
{{Trans|FreeBASIC}}
<p>El programa requiere de la ejecución con "rxvt" de Linux:
 
rxvt -g 500x250 -fn "xft:FantasqueSansMono-Regular:pixelsize=1" -e ./bin/cubo
</p>
[[File:Captura_de_pantalla_de_2022-10-11_12-38-33.png|200px|thumb|rigth|Caption]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="txt">
#context-free Draw a cube
Loop for (i=1, #(i<=3), ++i)
Draw a line (size_2, {size_2} Minus(scale_zoff), [i] Get 'x',\
{size_2} Minus(scale x zoff) )
Draw a line (size_2, {size_2} Plus(scale_zoff), [{7}Minus(i)] Get 'x' ,\
{size_2} Plus(scale x zoff) )
Draw a line ([i] Get 'x', {size_2} Minus(scale x zoff),\
[Minusone(i) Module(3) Plus(4)] Get 'x', {size_2} Plus(scale x zoff) )
Draw a line ([i] Get 'x', {size_2} Minus(scale x zoff), \
[{i} Module(3) Plus(4)] Get 'x', {size_2} Plus(scale x zoff) )
Next
Return\\
 
#context-free Delete old cube
Color back '0', Draw a cube
Return\\
 
#context-free Setting values of program
Set( Div(M_PI,6), Mul(5,Div(M_PI,6)), Mul(3,M_PI_2), Mul(11,Div(M_PI,6)),\
M_PI_2, Mul(7,Div(M_PI,6)) )
Append to list 'cylphi'
/* pre-cálculos */
Let ( dt := Div(1,30 ))
Let (size_2 := Div( SIZE, 2))
Let (scale_zoff := Div( SCALE,zoff))
Let (scale x zoff := Mul (SCALE, zoff))
Return \\
 
#include <jambo.h>
 
/*
Execute with:
$ rxvt -g 250x250 -fn "xft:FantasqueSansMono-Regular:pixelsize=1" -e hopper jm/cubo.jambo
*/
 
#define SCALE 50
#define SIZE 200
#define zoff 0.5773502691896257645091487805019574556
#define cylr 1.6329931618554520654648560498039275946
 
Main
Set break
theta=0, dtheta=1.5, lasttime=0, dt=0 , timer=0
size_2=0, scale_zoff=0, scale x zoff=0, cylphi = {}
 
Dim (6) as zeros (x)
Setting values of program
Cls
/* Draw a cube */
Loop while ( Not (Keypressed))
Tic(lasttime)
Loop for( i=1, #(i<=6), ++i )
Add( size_2, Mul( Mul(SCALE,cylr), Cos( [i] Get 'cylphi' Plus 'theta')) )
Put 'x'
Next
Color back '15', Draw a cube
Loop
Timecpu(timer)
While ( This 'timer' Compared to 'Add(lasttime, dt)' Is less )
Let ( theta := Add( theta, Mul( dtheta, Sub(timer, lasttime))))
Sleep (0.01)
Delete old cube
Back
End
 
Subrutines
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==
Requires [https://www.autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=6517&start=320 Gdip Library]
<syntaxhighlight lang="autohotkey">; ---------------------------------------------------------------
cubeSize := 200
deltaX := A_ScreenWidth/2
deltaY := A_ScreenHeight/2
keyStep := 1
mouseStep := 0.2
zoomStep := 1.1
playSpeed := 1
playTimer := 10
penSize := 5
 
/*
HotKeys:
!p:: Play/Stop
!x:: change play to x-axis
!y:: change play to y-axis
!z:: change play to z-axis
!NumpadAdd:: Zoom in
!WheelUp:: Zoom in
!NumpadSub:: Zoom out
!WheelDown:: Zoom out
!LButton:: Rotate X-axis, follow mouse
!Up:: Rotate X-axis, CCW
!Down:: Rotate X-axis, CW
!LButton:: Rotate Y-axis, follow mouse
!Right:: Rotate Y-axis, CCW
!Left:: Rotate Y-axis, CW
!RButton:: Rotate Z-axis, follow mouse
!PGUP:: Rotate Z-axis, CW
!PGDN:: Rotate Z-axis, CCW
+LButton:: Move, follow mouse
^esc:: Exitapp
*/
visualCube =
(
1+--------+5
|\ \
| 2+--------+6
| | |
3+ | 7+ |
\ | |
4+--------+8
)
 
SetBatchLines, -1
coord := cubeSize/2
nodes :=[[-coord, -coord, -coord]
, [-coord, -coord, coord]
, [-coord, coord, -coord]
, [-coord, coord, coord]
, [ coord, -coord, -coord]
, [ coord, -coord, coord]
, [ coord, coord, -coord]
, [ coord, coord, coord]]
edges := [[1, 2], [2, 4], [4, 3], [3, 1]
, [5, 6], [6, 8], [8, 7], [7, 5]
, [1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7], [4, 8]]
 
faces := [[1,2,4,3], [2,4,8,6], [1,2,6,5], [1,3,7,5], [5,7,8,6], [3,4,8,7]]
 
CP := [(nodes[8,1]+nodes[1,1])/2 , (nodes[8,2]+nodes[1,2])/2]
 
rotateX3D(-30)
rotateY3D(30)
Gdip1()
draw()
return
 
; --------------------------------------------------------------
draw() {
global
D := ""
for i, n in nodes
D .= Sqrt((n.1-CP.1)**2 + (n.2-CP.2)**2) "`t:" i ":`t" n.3 "`n"
Sort, D, N
p1 := StrSplit(StrSplit(D, "`n", "`r").1, ":").2
p2 := StrSplit(StrSplit(D, "`n", "`r").2, ":").2
hiddenNode := nodes[p1,3] < nodes[p2,3] ? p1 : p2
; Draw Faces
loop % faces.count() {
n1 := faces[A_Index, 1]
n2 := faces[A_Index, 2]
n3 := faces[A_Index, 3]
n4 := faces[A_Index, 4]
if (n1 = hiddenNode) || (n2 = hiddenNode) || (n3 = hiddenNode) || (n4 = hiddenNode)
continue
points := nodes[n1,1]+deltaX "," nodes[n1,2]+deltaY
. "|" nodes[n2,1]+deltaX "," nodes[n2,2]+deltaY
. "|" nodes[n3,1]+deltaX "," nodes[n3,2]+deltaY
. "|" nodes[n4,1]+deltaX "," nodes[n4,2]+deltaY
Gdip_FillPolygon(G, FaceBrush%A_Index%, Points)
}
; Draw Node-Numbers
;~ loop % nodes.count() {
;~ Gdip_FillEllipse(G, pBrush, nodes[A_Index, 1]+deltaX, nodes[A_Index, 2]+deltaY, 4, 4)
;~ Options := "x" nodes[A_Index, 1]+deltaX " y" nodes[A_Index, 2]+deltaY "c" TextColor " Bold s" size
;~ Gdip_TextToGraphics(G, A_Index, Options, Font)
;~ }
; Draw Edges
loop % edges.count() {
n1 := edges[A_Index, 1]
n2 := edges[A_Index, 2]
if (n1 = hiddenNode) || (n2 = hiddenNode)
continue
Gdip_DrawLine(G, pPen, nodes[n1,1]+deltaX, nodes[n1,2]+deltaY, nodes[n2,1]+deltaX, nodes[n2,2]+deltaY)
}
UpdateLayeredWindow(hwnd1, hdc, 0, 0, Width, Height)
}
 
; ---------------------------------------------------------------
rotateZ3D(theta) { ; Rotate shape around the z-axis
global
theta *= 3.141592653589793/180
sinTheta := sin(theta)
cosTheta := cos(theta)
loop % nodes.count() {
x := nodes[A_Index,1]
y := nodes[A_Index,2]
nodes[A_Index,1] := x*cosTheta - y*sinTheta
nodes[A_Index,2] := y*cosTheta + x*sinTheta
}
Redraw()
}
 
; ---------------------------------------------------------------
rotateX3D(theta) { ; Rotate shape around the x-axis
global
theta *= 3.141592653589793/180
sinTheta := sin(theta)
cosTheta := cos(theta)
loop % nodes.count() {
y := nodes[A_Index, 2]
z := nodes[A_Index, 3]
nodes[A_Index, 2] := y*cosTheta - z*sinTheta
nodes[A_Index, 3] := z*cosTheta + y*sinTheta
}
Redraw()
}
 
; ---------------------------------------------------------------
rotateY3D(theta) { ; Rotate shape around the y-axis
global
theta *= 3.141592653589793/180
sinTheta := sin(theta)
cosTheta := cos(theta)
loop % nodes.count() {
x := nodes[A_Index, 1]
z := nodes[A_Index, 3]
nodes[A_Index, 1] := x*cosTheta + z*sinTheta
nodes[A_Index, 3] := z*cosTheta - x*sinTheta
}
Redraw()
}
 
; ---------------------------------------------------------------
Redraw(){
global
gdip2()
gdip1()
draw()
}
 
; ---------------------------------------------------------------
gdip1(){
global
If !pToken := Gdip_Startup()
{
MsgBox, 48, gdiplus error!, Gdiplus failed to start. Please ensure you have gdiplus on your system
ExitApp
}
OnExit, Exit
Width := A_ScreenWidth, Height := A_ScreenHeight
Gui, 1: -Caption +E0x80000 +LastFound +OwnDialogs +Owner +AlwaysOnTop
Gui, 1: Show, NA
hwnd1 := WinExist()
hbm := CreateDIBSection(Width, Height)
hdc := CreateCompatibleDC()
obm := SelectObject(hdc, hbm)
G := Gdip_GraphicsFromHDC(hdc)
Gdip_SetSmoothingMode(G, 4)
TextColor:="FFFFFF00", size := 18
Font := "Arial"
Gdip_FontFamilyCreate(Font)
pBrush := Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xFFFF00FF)
FaceBrush1 := Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xFF0000FF) ; blue
FaceBrush2 := Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xFFFF0000) ; red
FaceBrush3 := Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xFFFFFF00) ; yellow
FaceBrush4 := Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xFFFF7518) ; orange
FaceBrush5 := Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xFF00FF00) ; lime
FaceBrush6 := Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xFFFFFFFF) ; white
pPen := Gdip_CreatePen(0xFF000000, penSize)
}
 
; ---------------------------------------------------------------
gdip2(){
global
Gdip_DeleteBrush(pBrush)
Gdip_DeletePen(pPen)
SelectObject(hdc, obm)
DeleteObject(hbm)
DeleteDC(hdc)
Gdip_DeleteGraphics(G)
}
; Viewing Hotkeys ----------------------------------------------
; HotKey Play/Stop ---------------------------------------------
!p::
SetTimer, rotateTimer, % (toggle:=!toggle)?playTimer:"off"
return
 
rotateTimer:
axis := !axis ? "Y" : axis
rotate%axis%3D(playSpeed)
return
 
!x::
!y::
!z::
axis := SubStr(A_ThisHotkey, 2, 1)
return
 
; HotKey Zoom in/out -------------------------------------------
!NumpadAdd::
!NumpadSub::
!WheelUp::
!WheelDown::
loop % nodes.count()
{
nodes[A_Index, 1] := nodes[A_Index, 1] * (InStr(A_ThisHotkey, "Add") || InStr(A_ThisHotkey, "Up") ? zoomStep : 1/zoomStep)
nodes[A_Index, 2] := nodes[A_Index, 2] * (InStr(A_ThisHotkey, "Add") || InStr(A_ThisHotkey, "Up") ? zoomStep : 1/zoomStep)
nodes[A_Index, 3] := nodes[A_Index, 3] * (InStr(A_ThisHotkey, "Add") || InStr(A_ThisHotkey, "Up") ? zoomStep : 1/zoomStep)
}
Redraw()
return
 
; HotKey Rotate around Y-Axis ----------------------------------
!Right::
!Left::
rotateY3D(keyStep * (InStr(A_ThisHotkey,"right") ? 1 : -1))
return
 
; HotKey Rotate around X-Axis ----------------------------------
!Up::
!Down::
rotateX3D(keyStep * (InStr(A_ThisHotkey, "Up") ? 1 : -1))
return
 
; HotKey Rotate around Z-Axis ----------------------------------
!PGUP::
!PGDN::
rotateZ3D(keyStep * (InStr(A_ThisHotkey, "UP") ? 1 : -1))
return
 
; HotKey, Rotate around X/Y-Axis -------------------------------
!LButton::
MouseGetPos, pmouseX, pmouseY
while GetKeyState("Lbutton", "P")
{
MouseGetPos, mouseX, mouseY
DeltaMX := mouseX - pmouseX
DeltaMY := pmouseY - mouseY
if (DeltaMX || DeltaMY)
{
MouseGetPos, pmouseX, pmouseY
rotateY3D(DeltaMX)
rotateX3D(DeltaMY)
}
}
return
 
; HotKey Rotate around Z-Axis ----------------------------------
!RButton::
MouseGetPos, pmouseX, pmouseY
while GetKeyState("Rbutton", "P")
{
MouseGetPos, mouseX, mouseY
DeltaMX := mouseX - pmouseX
DeltaMY := mouseY - pmouseY
DeltaMX *= mouseY < deltaY ? mouseStep : -mouseStep
DeltaMY *= mouseX > deltaX ? mouseStep : -mouseStep
if (DeltaMX || DeltaMY)
{
MouseGetPos, pmouseX, pmouseY
rotateZ3D(DeltaMX)
rotateZ3D(DeltaMY)
}
}
return
 
; HotKey, Move -------------------------------------------------
+LButton::
MouseGetPos, pmouseX, pmouseY
while GetKeyState("Lbutton", "P")
{
MouseGetPos, mouseX, mouseY
deltaX += mouseX - pmouseX
deltaY += mouseY - pmouseY
pmouseX := mouseX
pmouseY := mouseY
Redraw()
}
return
 
; ---------------------------------------------------------------
^esc::
Exit:
gdip2()
Gdip_Shutdown(pToken)
ExitApp
Return
; ---------------------------------------------------------------</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
=={{header|BASIC}}==
==={{header|BASIC256}}===
<syntaxhighlight lang="basic256">global escala
global tam
global zoff
global cylr
 
escala = 50
tam = 320
zoff = 0.5773502691896257645091487805019574556
cylr = 1.6329931618554520654648560498039275946
 
clg
graphsize tam, tam
 
dim x(6)
theta = 0.0
dtheta = 1.5
dt = 1.0 / 30
dim cylphi = {PI/6, 5*PI/6, 3*PI/2, 11*PI/6, PI/2, 7*PI/6}
 
while key = ""
lasttime = msec
for i = 0 to 5
x[i] = tam/2 + escala *cylr * cos(cylphi[i] + theta)
next i
clg
call drawcube(x)
 
while msec < lasttime + dt
end while
theta += dtheta*(msec-lasttime)
pause .4
call drawcube(x)
end while
 
subroutine drawcube(x)
for i = 0 to 2
color rgb(0,0,0) #black
line tam/2, tam/2 - escala / zoff, x[i], tam/2 - escala * zoff
line tam/2, tam/2 + escala / zoff, x[5-i], tam/2 + escala * zoff
line x[i], tam/2 - escala * zoff, x[(i % 3) + 3], tam/2 + escala * zoff
line x[i], tam/2 - escala * zoff, x[((i+1)%3) + 3], tam/2 + escala * zoff
next i
end subroutine</syntaxhighlight>
 
==={{header|Chipmunk Basic}}===
{{works with|Chipmunk Basic|3.6.4}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">100 cls
110 graphics 0
120 graphics color 0,0,0
130 while true
140 graphics cls
150 x = cos(t)*20
160 y = sin(t)*18
170 r = sin(t+t)
180 moveto (x+40),(y+40-r)
190 lineto (-y+40),(x+40-r)
200 moveto (-y+40),(x+40-r)
210 lineto (-x+40),(-y+40-r)
220 moveto (-x+40),(-y+40-r)
230 lineto (y+40),(-x+40-r)
240 moveto (y+40),(-x+40-r)
250 lineto (x+40),(y+40-r)
260 moveto (x+40),(y+20+r)
270 lineto (-y+40),(x+20+r)
280 moveto (-y+40),(x+20+r)
290 lineto (-x+40),(-y+20+r)
300 moveto (-x+40),(-y+20+r)
310 lineto (y+40),(-x+20+r)
320 moveto (y+40),(-x+20+r)
330 lineto (x+40),(y+20+r)
340 moveto (x+40),(y+40-r)
350 lineto (x+40),(y+20+r)
360 moveto (-y+40),(x+40-r)
370 lineto (-y+40),(x+20+r)
380 moveto (-x+40),(-y+40-r)
390 lineto (-x+40),(-y+20+r)
400 moveto (y+40),(-x+40-r)
410 lineto (y+40),(-x+20+r)
420 for i = 1 to 1000 : next i
430 t = t+0.15
440 wend</syntaxhighlight>
 
==={{header|GW-BASIC}}===
{{works with|PC-BASIC|any}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">100 SCREEN 2
110 WHILE 1
120 CLS
130 X = COS(T)*20
140 Y = SIN(T)*18
150 R = SIN(T+T)
160 LINE (( X+40),( Y+40-R))-((-Y+40),( X+40-R))
170 LINE ((-Y+40),( X+40-R))-((-X+40),(-Y+40-R))
180 LINE ((-X+40),(-Y+40-R))-(( Y+40),(-X+40-R))
190 LINE (( Y+40),(-X+40-R))-(( X+40),( Y+40-R))
200 LINE (( X+40),( Y+20+R))-((-Y+40),( X+20+R))
210 LINE ((-Y+40),( X+20+R))-((-X+40),(-Y+20+R))
220 LINE ((-X+40),(-Y+20+R))-(( Y+40),(-X+20+R))
230 LINE (( Y+40),(-X+20+R))-(( X+40),( Y+20+R))
240 LINE (( X+40),( Y+40-R))-(( X+40),( Y+20+R))
250 LINE ((-Y+40),( X+40-R))-((-Y+40),( X+20+R))
260 LINE ((-X+40),(-Y+40-R))-((-X+40),(-Y+20+R))
270 LINE (( Y+40),(-X+40-R))-(( Y+40),(-X+20+R))
280 T = T+.15
290 WEND</syntaxhighlight>
 
==={{header|MSX Basic}}===
{{works with|MSX BASIC|any}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">100 SCREEN 2
110 COLOR 15
120 CLS
130 X = COS(T)*20
140 Y = SIN(T)*18
150 R = SIN(T+T)
160 LINE (( X+40),( Y+40-R))-((-Y+40),( X+40-R))
170 LINE ((-Y+40),( X+40-R))-((-X+40),(-Y+40-R))
180 LINE ((-X+40),(-Y+40-R))-(( Y+40),(-X+40-R))
190 LINE (( Y+40),(-X+40-R))-(( X+40),( Y+40-R))
200 LINE (( X+40),( Y+20+R))-((-Y+40),( X+20+R))
210 LINE ((-Y+40),( X+20+R))-((-X+40),(-Y+20+R))
220 LINE ((-X+40),(-Y+20+R))-(( Y+40),(-X+20+R))
230 LINE (( Y+40),(-X+20+R))-(( X+40),( Y+20+R))
240 LINE (( X+40),( Y+40-R))-(( X+40),( Y+20+R))
250 LINE ((-Y+40),( X+40-R))-((-Y+40),( X+20+R))
260 LINE ((-X+40),(-Y+40-R))-((-X+40),(-Y+20+R))
270 LINE (( Y+40),(-X+40-R))-(( Y+40),(-X+20+R))
280 FOR I = 1 TO 40 : NEXT I
290 T = T+0.15
300 GOTO 120</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|C}}==
Rotating wireframe cube in [https://www.opengl.org/ OpenGL], windowing implementation via [http://freeglut.sourceforge.net/ freeglut]
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
#include<gl/freeglut.h>
 
double rot = 0;
float matCol[] = {1,0,0,0};
 
void display(){
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(30,1,1,0);
glRotatef(rot,0,1,1);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_DIFFUSE,matCol);
glutWireCube(1);
glPopMatrix();
glFlush();
}
 
 
void onIdle(){
rot += 0.1;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
 
void reshape(int w,int h){
float ar = (float) w / (float) h ;
glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);
glTranslatef(0,0,-10);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
gluPerspective(70,(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,1,12);
glLoadIdentity();
glFrustum ( -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0 ) ;
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
}
 
void init(){
float pos[] = {1,1,1,0};
float white[] = {1,1,1,0};
float shini[] = {70};
glClearColor(.5,.5,.5,0);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,white);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,white);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,shini);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
 
int main(int argC, char* argV[])
{
glutInit(&argC,argV);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);
glutInitWindowSize(600,500);
glutCreateWindow("Rossetta's Rotating Cube");
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
glutIdleFunc(onIdle);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Windows.Threading;
 
namespace RotatingCube
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
double[][] nodes = {
new double[] {-1, -1, -1}, new double[] {-1, -1, 1}, new double[] {-1, 1, -1},
new double[] {-1, 1, 1}, new double[] {1, -1, -1}, new double[] {1, -1, 1},
new double[] {1, 1, -1}, new double[] {1, 1, 1} };
 
int[][] edges = {
new int[] {0, 1}, new int[] {1, 3}, new int[] {3, 2}, new int[] {2, 0}, new int[] {4, 5},
new int[] {5, 7}, new int[] {7, 6}, new int[] {6, 4}, new int[] {0, 4}, new int[] {1, 5},
new int[] {2, 6}, new int[] {3, 7}};
 
public Form1()
{
Width = Height = 640;
StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
SetStyle(
ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint |
ControlStyles.UserPaint |
ControlStyles.DoubleBuffer,
true);
 
Scale(100, 100, 100);
RotateCuboid(Math.PI / 4, Math.Atan(Math.Sqrt(2)));
 
var timer = new DispatcherTimer();
timer.Tick += (s, e) => { RotateCuboid(Math.PI / 180, 0); Refresh(); };
timer.Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 17);
timer.Start();
}
 
private void RotateCuboid(double angleX, double angleY)
{
double sinX = Math.Sin(angleX);
double cosX = Math.Cos(angleX);
 
double sinY = Math.Sin(angleY);
double cosY = Math.Cos(angleY);
 
foreach (var node in nodes)
{
double x = node[0];
double y = node[1];
double z = node[2];
 
node[0] = x * cosX - z * sinX;
node[2] = z * cosX + x * sinX;
 
z = node[2];
 
node[1] = y * cosY - z * sinY;
node[2] = z * cosY + y * sinY;
}
}
 
private void Scale(int v1, int v2, int v3)
{
foreach (var item in nodes)
{
item[0] *= v1;
item[1] *= v2;
item[2] *= v3;
}
}
 
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs args)
{
var g = args.Graphics;
g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
g.Clear(Color.White);
 
g.TranslateTransform(Width / 2, Height / 2);
 
foreach (var edge in edges)
{
double[] xy1 = nodes[edge[0]];
double[] xy2 = nodes[edge[1]];
g.DrawLine(Pens.Black, (int)Math.Round(xy1[0]), (int)Math.Round(xy1[1]),
(int)Math.Round(xy2[0]), (int)Math.Round(xy2[1]));
}
 
foreach (var node in nodes)
{
g.FillEllipse(Brushes.Black, (int)Math.Round(node[0]) - 4,
(int)Math.Round(node[1]) - 4, 8, 8);
}
}
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Delphi}}==
{{libheader| Winapi.Windows}}
{{libheader| Vcl.Graphics}}
{{libheader| Vcl.Controls}}
{{libheader| Vcl.Forms}}
{{libheader| Vcl.ExtCtrls}}
{{libheader| System.Math}}
{{libheader| System.Classes}}
{{Trans|Javascript}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="delphi">
unit main;
 
interface
 
uses
Winapi.Windows, Vcl.Graphics, Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.ExtCtrls,
System.Math, System.Classes;
 
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
tmr1: TTimer;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure tmr1Timer(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
 
var
Form1: TForm1;
nodes: TArray<TArray<double>> = [[-1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, 1], [-1, 1, -1], [-1,
1, 1], [1, -1, -1], [1, -1, 1], [1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1]];
edges: TArray<TArray<Integer>> = [[0, 1], [1, 3], [3, 2], [2, 0], [4, 5], [5,
7], [7, 6], [6, 4], [0, 4], [1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7]];
 
implementation
 
{$R *.dfm}
 
procedure Scale(factor: TArray<double>);
begin
if Length(factor) <> 3 then
exit;
for var i := 0 to High(nodes) do
for var f := 0 to High(factor) do
nodes[i][f] := nodes[i][f] * factor[f];
end;
 
procedure RotateCuboid(angleX, angleY: double);
begin
var sinX := sin(angleX);
var cosX := cos(angleX);
var sinY := sin(angleY);
var cosY := cos(angleY);
 
for var i := 0 to High(nodes) do
begin
var x := nodes[i][0];
var y := nodes[i][1];
var z := nodes[i][2];
 
nodes[i][0] := x * cosX - z * sinX;
nodes[i][2] := z * cosX + x * sinX;
 
z := nodes[i][2];
 
nodes[i][1] := y * cosY - z * sinY;
nodes[i][2] := z * cosY + y * sinY;
end;
end;
 
function DrawCuboid(x, y, w, h: Integer): TBitmap;
var
offset: TPoint;
begin
Result := TBitmap.Create;
Result.SetSize(w, h);
rotateCuboid(PI / 180, 0);
offset := TPoint.Create(x, y);
with Result.canvas do
begin
Brush.Color := clBlack;
Pen.Color := clWhite;
 
Lock;
FillRect(ClipRect);
 
for var edge in edges do
begin
var p1 := (nodes[edge[0]]);
var p2 := (nodes[edge[1]]);
moveTo(trunc(p1[0]) + offset.x, trunc(p1[1]) + offset.y);
lineTo(trunc(p2[0]) + offset.x, trunc(p2[1]) + offset.y);
end;
Unlock;
end;
end;
 
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
ClientHeight := 360;
ClientWidth := 640;
DoubleBuffered := true;
scale([100, 100, 100]);
rotateCuboid(PI / 4, ArcTan(sqrt(2)));
end;
 
procedure TForm1.tmr1Timer(Sender: TObject);
var
buffer: TBitmap;
begin
buffer := DrawCuboid(ClientWidth div 2, ClientHeight div 2, ClientWidth, ClientHeight);
Canvas.Draw(0, 0, buffer);
buffer.Free;
end;
 
end.</syntaxhighlight>
Resource Form
<syntaxhighlight lang="delphi">
object Form1: TForm1
OnCreate = FormCreate
object tmr1: TTimer
Interval = 17
OnTimer = tmr1Timer
end
end
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
=={{header|EasyLang}}==
 
Draws only the visible edges
 
[https://easylang.online/show/#cod=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 Run it]
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
node[][] = [ [ -1 -1 -1 ] [ -1 -1 1 ] [ -1 1 -1 ] [ -1 1 1 ] [ 1 -1 -1 ] [ 1 -1 1 ] [ 1 1 -1 ] [ 1 1 1 ] ]
edge[][] = [ [ 1 2 ] [ 2 4 ] [ 4 3 ] [ 3 1 ] [ 5 6 ] [ 6 8 ] [ 8 7 ] [ 7 5 ] [ 1 5 ] [ 2 6 ] [ 3 7 ] [ 4 8 ] ]
#
proc scale f . .
for i = 1 to len node[][]
for d = 1 to 3
node[i][d] *= f
.
.
.
proc rotate angx angy . .
sinx = sin angx
cosx = cos angx
siny = sin angy
cosy = cos angy
for i = 1 to len node[][]
x = node[i][1]
z = node[i][3]
node[i][1] = x * cosx - z * sinx
y = node[i][2]
z = z * cosx + x * sinx
node[i][2] = y * cosy - z * siny
node[i][3] = z * cosy + y * siny
.
.
len nd[] 3
proc draw . .
clear
m = 999
mi = -1
for i = 1 to len node[][]
if node[i][3] < m
m = node[i][3]
mi = i
.
.
ix = 1
for i = 1 to len edge[][]
if edge[i][1] = mi
nd[ix] = edge[i][2]
ix += 1
elif edge[i][2] = mi
nd[ix] = edge[i][1]
ix += 1
.
.
for ni = 1 to len nd[]
for i = 1 to len edge[][]
if edge[i][1] = nd[ni] or edge[i][2] = nd[ni]
x1 = node[edge[i][1]][1]
y1 = node[edge[i][1]][2]
x2 = node[edge[i][2]][1]
y2 = node[edge[i][2]][2]
move x1 + 50 y1 + 50
line x2 + 50 y2 + 50
.
.
.
.
scale 25
rotate 45 atan sqrt 2
draw
on animate
rotate 1 0
draw
.
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Evaldraw}}==
 
Based on the solution in draw cuboid.
Draws a filled cube with a texture on each face.
 
[[File:Evaldraw cube rotate.gif|thumb|alt=Rotating 3D cube|Rotating cube with texture. Makes use of rudimentary glBegin(GL_QUADS) function]]
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="C">
// We can define our own vec3 struct
struct vec3{x,y,z;}
static modelMatrix[9];
() {
cls(0x828282); // clear screen
clz(1e32); // clear depth buffer
setcam(0,0,-3,0,0); // set camera some units back
// create two local arrays to hold rotation matrices
double roty[9], rotz[9];
static otim;
tim=klock(0); dt=tim-otim; otim=tim;
static degrees = 0;
degrees+=200*dt;
rads = degrees/180*pi;
rotateZ( rotz, rads );
rotateY( roty, rads );
// evaldraw does support some GL-like drawing
// modes, but any transformations must be done by hand
// Here we use a global model matrix that
// transforms vertices created by the myVertex function
mult(modelMatrix, roty, rotz);
glSetTex("cloud.png");
drawcuboid(0,0,0,1,1,1);
}
 
drawcuboid(x,y,z,sx,sy,sz) {
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
setcol(192,32,32);
glTexCoord(0,0); myVertex(x-sx,y-sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(1,0); myVertex(x+sx,y-sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(1,1); myVertex(x+sx,y+sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(0,1); myVertex(x-sx,y+sy,z-sz);
setcol(32,192,32);
glTexCoord(0,0); myVertex(x-sx,y-sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(1,0); myVertex(x-sx,y-sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(1,1); myVertex(x-sx,y+sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(0,1); myVertex(x-sx,y+sy,z+sz);
setcol(32,32,192);
glTexCoord(0,0); myVertex(x+sx,y-sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(1,0); myVertex(x-sx,y-sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(1,1); myVertex(x-sx,y+sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(0,1); myVertex(x+sx,y+sy,z+sz);
setcol(192,192,32);
glTexCoord(0,0); myVertex(x+sx,y-sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(1,0); myVertex(x+sx,y-sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(1,1); myVertex(x+sx,y+sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(0,1); myVertex(x+sx,y+sy,z-sz);
 
setcol(192,32,192);
glTexCoord(0,0); myVertex(x-sx,y-sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(1,0); myVertex(x+sx,y-sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(1,1); myVertex(x+sx,y-sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(0,1); myVertex(x-sx,y-sy,z-sz);
 
setcol(32,192,192);
glTexCoord(0,0); myVertex(x-sx,y+sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(1,0); myVertex(x+sx,y+sy,z-sz);
glTexCoord(1,1); myVertex(x+sx,y+sy,z+sz);
glTexCoord(0,1); myVertex(x-sx,y+sy,z+sz);
glEnd();
}
myVertex(x,y,z) {
// Initialize a struct value
vec3 v = {x,y,z};
// Apply global model matrix transformation
transformPoint(v, modelMatrix);
// Submit the vertex to draw list
glVertex(v.x, v.y, v.z);
}
rotateY(m[9], r) {
c = cos(r); s=sin(r);
m[0] = c; m[1] = 0; m[2] = s;
m[3] = 0; m[4] = 1; m[5] = 0;
m[6] = -s; m[7] = 0; m[8] = c;
}
 
rotateZ(m[9], r) {
c = cos(r); s=sin(r);
m[0] = c; m[1] = -s; m[2] = 0;
m[3] = s; m[4] = c; m[5] = 0;
m[6] = 0; m[7] = 0; m[8] = 1;
}
transformPoint(vec3 v, m[9]) {
x2 = v.x * m[0] + v.y * m[1] + v.z * m[2];
y2 = v.x * m[3] + v.y * m[4] + v.z * m[5];
z2 = v.x * m[6] + v.y * m[7] + v.z * m[8];
// Mutate the struct v with new values
v.x=x2; v.y=y2; v.z=z2;
}
mult(c[9],a[9],b[9]) { // C = AB
// multiply a row in A with a column in B
for(i=0; i<3; i++)
for(j=0; j<3; j++) {
sum = 0.0;
for(k=0; k<3; k++) {
sum += A[k*3+i] * B[k*3+j];
}
C[i*3+j] = sum;
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">#define PI 3.14159265358979323
#define SCALE 50
#define SIZE 320
#define zoff 0.5773502691896257645091487805019574556
#define cylr 1.6329931618554520654648560498039275946
screenres SIZE, SIZE, 4
 
dim as double theta = 0.0, dtheta = 1.5, x(0 to 5), lasttime, dt = 1./30
 
dim as double cylphi(0 to 5) = {PI/6, 5*PI/6, 3*PI/2, 11*PI/6, PI/2, 7*PI/6}
 
sub drawcube( x() as double, colour as uinteger )
for i as uinteger = 0 to 2
line (SIZE/2, SIZE/2-SCALE/zoff) - (x(i), SIZE/2-SCALE*zoff), colour
line (SIZE/2, SIZE/2+SCALE/zoff) - (x(5-i), SIZE/2+SCALE*zoff), colour
line ( x(i), SIZE/2-SCALE*zoff ) - ( x(i mod 3 + 3), SIZE/2+SCALE*zoff ), colour
line ( x(i), SIZE/2-SCALE*zoff ) - ( x((i+1) mod 3 + 3), SIZE/2+SCALE*zoff ), colour
next i
end sub
 
while inkey=""
lasttime = timer
for i as uinteger = 0 to 5
x(i) = SIZE/2 + SCALE*cylr*cos(cylphi(i)+theta)
next i
drawcube x(), 15
while timer < lasttime + dt
wend
theta += dtheta*(timer-lasttime)
drawcube x(),0
wend
end</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|FutureBasic}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="futurebasic">
include "Tlbx SceneKit.incl"
 
_window = 1
begin enum output 1
_sceneView
end enum
 
local fn RotatingCubeScene as SCNSceneRef
SCNSceneRef scene = fn SCNSceneInit
SCNNodeRef rootNode = fn SCNSceneRootNode( scene )
SCNCameraRef camera = fn SCNCameraInit
SCNNodeRef cameraNode = fn SCNNodeInit
SCNNodeSetCamera( cameraNode, camera )
SCNNodeAddChildNode( rootNode, cameraNode )
SCNVector3 cameraPos = {0.0, 0.0, 10.0}
SCNNodeSetPosition( cameraNode, cameraPos )
SCNNodeRef lightNode = fn SCNNodeInit
SCNLightRef light = fn SCNLightInit
SCNLightSetType( light, SCNLightTypeOmni )
SCNNodeSetPosition( lightNode, fn SCNVector3Make( 0.0, 10.0, 10.0 ) )
SCNNodeAddChildNode( rootNode, lightNode )
SCNNodeRef ambientLightNode = fn SCNNodeInit
SCNLightRef ambientLight = fn SCNLightInit
SCNLightSetType( ambientLight, SCNLightTypeAmbient )
SCNLightSetColor( ambientLight, fn ColorGray )
SCNNodeSetLight( ambientLightNode, ambientLight )
SCNNodeAddChildNode( rootNode, ambientLightNode )
SCNBoxRef boxGeometry = fn SCNBoxInit( 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 0.0 )
SCNNodeRef boxNode = fn SCNNodeWithGeometry( boxGeometry )
SCNMaterialRef side1 = fn SCNMaterialInit
SCNMaterialRef side2 = fn SCNMaterialInit
SCNMaterialRef side3 = fn SCNMaterialInit
SCNMaterialRef side4 = fn SCNMaterialInit
SCNMaterialRef side5 = fn SCNMaterialInit
SCNMaterialRef side6 = fn SCNMaterialInit
SCNMaterialPropertySetContents( fn SCNMaterialMultiply( side1 ), fn ColorBlue )
SCNMaterialPropertySetContents( fn SCNMaterialMultiply( side2 ), fn ColorOrange )
SCNMaterialPropertySetContents( fn SCNMaterialMultiply( side3 ), fn ColorRed )
SCNMaterialPropertySetContents( fn SCNMaterialMultiply( side4 ), fn ColorGreen )
SCNMaterialPropertySetContents( fn SCNMaterialMultiply( side5 ), fn ColorYellow )
SCNMaterialPropertySetContents( fn SCNMaterialMultiply( side6 ), fn ColorCyan )
SCNGeometrySetMaterials( boxGeometry, @[side1,side2,side3,side4,side5,side6] )
SCNNodeAddChildNode( rootNode, boxNode )
SCNActionableRunAction( boxNode, fn SCNActionRepeatActionForever( fn SCNActionRotateByAngle( M_PI, fn SCNVector3Make( 0.0, 25.0, 5.0 ), 5.0 ) ) )
end fn = scene
 
void local fn BuildWindow
window _window, @"Rosetta Code Rotating Cube", ( 0, 0, 600, 600 )
scnview _sceneView, fn RotatingCubeScene, ( 0, 0, 600, 600 )
SCNViewSetBackgroundColor( _sceneView, fn ColorBlack )
SCNViewSetAllowsCameraControl( _sceneView, YES )
end fn
 
void local fn DoDialog( ev as long, tag as long, wnd as long )
select (ev)
case _windowWillClose : end
end select
end fn
 
on dialog fn DoDialog
 
fn BuildWindow
 
poke long event - 8, 1
do
glClear( _GLCOLORBUFFERBIT )
fn AnimateCube
aglSwapBuffers( glContext )
HandleEvents
</syntaxhighlight>
until gFBQuit
{{output}}
</lang>
[[File:FutureBasic Rotating Cube.png]]
 
=={{header|Go}}==
As of Go 1.9, it looks as if the only standard library supporting animated graphics is image/gif - so we create an animated GIF...
<syntaxhighlight lang="go">package main
 
import (
"image"
"image/color"
"image/gif"
"log"
"math"
"os"
)
 
const (
width, height = 640, 640
offset = height / 2
fileName = "rotatingCube.gif"
)
 
var nodes = [][]float64{{-100, -100, -100}, {-100, -100, 100}, {-100, 100, -100}, {-100, 100, 100},
{100, -100, -100}, {100, -100, 100}, {100, 100, -100}, {100, 100, 100}}
var edges = [][]int{{0, 1}, {1, 3}, {3, 2}, {2, 0}, {4, 5}, {5, 7}, {7, 6},
{6, 4}, {0, 4}, {1, 5}, {2, 6}, {3, 7}}
 
func main() {
var images []*image.Paletted
fgCol := color.RGBA{0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff}
var palette = []color.Color{color.RGBA{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff}, fgCol}
var delays []int
 
imgFile, err := os.Create(fileName)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer imgFile.Close()
 
rotateCube(math.Pi/4, math.Atan(math.Sqrt(2)))
var frame float64
for frame = 0; frame < 360; frame++ {
img := image.NewPaletted(image.Rect(0, 0, width, height), palette)
images = append(images, img)
delays = append(delays, 5)
for _, edge := range edges {
xy1 := nodes[edge[0]]
xy2 := nodes[edge[1]]
drawLine(int(xy1[0])+offset, int(xy1[1])+offset, int(xy2[0])+offset, int(xy2[1])+offset, img, fgCol)
}
rotateCube(math.Pi/180, 0)
}
if err := gif.EncodeAll(imgFile, &gif.GIF{Image: images, Delay: delays}); err != nil {
imgFile.Close()
log.Fatal(err)
}
 
}
 
func rotateCube(angleX, angleY float64) {
sinX := math.Sin(angleX)
cosX := math.Cos(angleX)
sinY := math.Sin(angleY)
cosY := math.Cos(angleY)
for _, node := range nodes {
x := node[0]
y := node[1]
z := node[2]
node[0] = x*cosX - z*sinX
node[2] = z*cosX + x*sinX
z = node[2]
node[1] = y*cosY - z*sinY
node[2] = z*cosY + y*sinY
}
}
 
func drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1 int, img *image.Paletted, col color.RGBA) {
dx := abs(x1 - x0)
dy := abs(y1 - y0)
var sx, sy int = -1, -1
if x0 < x1 {
sx = 1
}
if y0 < y1 {
sy = 1
}
err := dx - dy
for {
img.Set(x0, y0, col)
if x0 == x1 && y0 == y1 {
break
}
e2 := 2 * err
if e2 > -dy {
err -= dy
x0 += sx
}
if e2 < dx {
err += dx
y0 += sy
}
}
}
 
func abs(x int) int {
if x < 0 {
return -x
}
return x
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Haskell}}==
This implementation compiles to JavaScript that runs in a browser using the [https://github.com/ghcjs/ghcjs ghcjs compiler ] . The [https://github.com/reflex-frp/reflex-dom reflex-dom ] library is used to help with svg rendering and animation.
 
<langsyntaxhighlight Haskelllang="haskell">{-# LANGUAGE RecursiveDo #-}
import Reflex.Dom
import Data.Map as DM (Map, lookup, insert, empty, fromList)
Line 254 ⟶ 1,546:
elDynAttrSVG a2 a3 a4 = do
elDynAttrNS' (Just "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg") a2 a3 a4
return ()</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
Link to live demo: https://dc25.github.io/drawRotatingCubeHaskell/
 
=={{header|J}}==
 
Derived from J's [https://github.com/jsoftware/demos_qtdemo/blob/master/shader.ijs qt shader demo]:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="j">require'gl2 gles ide/qt/opengl'
coinsert'jgl2 jgles qtopengl'
 
rotcube=: {{
if.0=nc<'sprog'do.return.end.
fixosx=. 'opengl';'opengl',('DARWIN'-:UNAME)#' version 4.1'
wd 'pc rot; minwh 300 300; cc cube opengl flush' rplc fixosx
HD=: ".wd 'qhwndc cube'
wd 'ptimer 17; pshow'
}}
 
rot_close=: {{
wd 'ptimer 0'
glDeleteBuffers ::0: 2; vbo
glDeleteProgram ::0: sprog
erase 'sprog'
wd 'pclose'
}}
 
cstr=: {{if.y do.memr y,0 _1 2 else.EMPTY end.}}
gstr=: {{cstr>{.glGetString y}}
diag=: {{p[echo y,': ',p=.gstr".y}}
 
blitf=: {{
dat=. 1 fc,y NB. short floats
glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER; x{vbo
glBufferData GL_ARRAY_BUFFER; (#dat); (symdat<'dat'); GL_STATIC_DRAW
}}
 
rot_cube_initialize=: {{
erase'sprog'
if.0=#diag 'GL_VERSION' do.echo 'cannot retrieve GL_VERSION' return.end.
diag each;:'GL_VENDOR GL_RENDERER GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION'
GLSL=:wglGLSL''
wglPROC''
'err program'=. gl_makeprogram VSRC ;&fixversion FSRC
if.#err do. echo 'err: ', err return.end.
if. GLSL>120 do.vao=: >{:glGenVertexArrays 1;,_1 end.
assert _1~:vertexAttr=: >{.glGetAttribLocation program;'vertex'
assert _1~:colorAttr=: >{.glGetAttribLocation program;'color'
assert _1~:mvpUni=: >{.glGetUniformLocation program;'mvp'
vbo=: >{:glGenBuffers 2;2#_1
0 blitf vertexData
1 blitf colorData
sprog=: program
}}
 
VSRC=: {{)n
#version $version
$v_in $highp vec3 vertex;
$v_in $lowp vec3 color;
$v_out $lowp vec4 v_color;
uniform mat4 mvp;
void main(void) {
gl_Position= mvp * vec4(vertex,1.0);
v_color= vec4(color,1.0);
}
}}
 
FSRC=: {{)n
#version $version
$f_in $lowp vec4 v_color;
$fragColor
void main(void) {
$gl_fragColor= v_color;
}
}}
 
fixversion=: {{
NB. cope with host shader language version
r=. '$version';GLSL,&":;(GLSL>:300)#(*GLES_VERSION){' core';' es'
f1=. GLSL<:120
r=.r, '$v_in';f1{'in';'attribute'
r=.r, '$v_out';f1{'out';'varying'
r=.r, '$f_in';f1{'in';'varying'
r=.r, '$highp ';f1#(*GLES_VERSION)#'highp'
r=.r, '$lowp ';f1#(*GLES_VERSION)#'lowp'
f2=.(330<:GLSL)+.(300<:GLSL)**GLES_VERSION
r=.r, '$gl_fragColor';f2{'gl_FragColor';'fragColor'
r=.r, '$fragColor';f2#'out vec4 fragColor;'
y rplc r
}}
 
rot_timer=: {{
try.
gl_sel HD
gl_paint''
catch.
echo 'error in rot_timer',LF,13!:12''
wd'ptimer 0'
end.
}}
 
zeroVAttr=: {{
glEnableVertexAttribArray y
glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER; x{vbo
glVertexAttribPointer y; 3; GL_FLOAT; 0; 0; 0
}}
 
mp=: +/ .*
ref=: (gl_Translate 0 0 _10) mp glu_LookAt 0 0 1,0 0 0,1 0 0
rot_cube_paint=: {{
try.
if.nc<'sprog' do.return.end.
wh=. gl_qwh''
glClear GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT+GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT [glClearColor 0 0 0 0+%3
glUseProgram sprog
glEnable each GL_DEPTH_TEST, GL_CULL_FACE, GL_BLEND
glBlendFunc GL_SRC_ALPHA; GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA
mvp=. (gl_Rotate (360|60*6!:1''),1 0 0)mp ref mp gl_Perspective 30, (%/wh),1 20
glUniformMatrix4fv mvpUni; 1; GL_FALSE; mvp
if. GLSL>120 do. glBindVertexArray {.vao end.
0 zeroVAttr vertexAttr
1 zeroVAttr colorAttr
glDrawArrays GL_TRIANGLES; 0; 36
glUseProgram 0
catch.
echo 'error in rot_cube_paint',LF,13!:12''
wd'ptimer 0'
end.
}}
 
NB. oriented triangle representation of unit cube
unitCube=: #:(0 1 2, 2 1 3)&{@".;._2 {{)n
2 3 0 1 NB. unit cube corner indices
3 7 1 5 NB. 0: origin
4 0 5 1 NB. 1, 2, 4: unit distance along each axis
6 2 4 0 NB. 3, 5, 6, 7: combinations of axes
7 6 5 4
7 3 6 2
}}
 
NB. orient cube so diagonal is along first axis
daxis=: (_1^5 6 e.~i.3 3)*%:6%~2 0 4,2 3 1,:2 3 1
vertexData=:(_1^unitCube)mp daxis NB. cube with center at origin
colorData=: unitCube NB. corresponding colors
 
rotcube''</syntaxhighlight>
 
A variation which did not use opengl would probably be much more concise.
 
=={{header|Java}}==
[[File:rotating_cube_java.png|200px|thumb|right]]
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="java">import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import static java.lang.Math.*;
Line 351 ⟶ 1,788:
});
}
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|JavaScript}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<style>
canvas {
background-color: black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.querySelector("canvas");
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
 
var g = canvas.getContext("2d");
 
var nodes = [[-1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, 1], [-1, 1, -1], [-1, 1, 1],
[1, -1, -1], [1, -1, 1], [1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1]];
 
var edges = [[0, 1], [1, 3], [3, 2], [2, 0], [4, 5], [5, 7], [7, 6],
[6, 4], [0, 4], [1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7]];
 
function scale(factor0, factor1, factor2) {
nodes.forEach(function (node) {
node[0] *= factor0;
node[1] *= factor1;
node[2] *= factor2;
});
}
 
function rotateCuboid(angleX, angleY) {
 
var sinX = Math.sin(angleX);
var cosX = Math.cos(angleX);
 
var sinY = Math.sin(angleY);
var cosY = Math.cos(angleY);
 
nodes.forEach(function (node) {
var x = node[0];
var y = node[1];
var z = node[2];
 
node[0] = x * cosX - z * sinX;
node[2] = z * cosX + x * sinX;
 
z = node[2];
 
node[1] = y * cosY - z * sinY;
node[2] = z * cosY + y * sinY;
});
}
 
function drawCuboid() {
g.save();
g.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
g.translate(canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2);
g.strokeStyle = "#FFFFFF";
g.beginPath();
 
edges.forEach(function (edge) {
var p1 = nodes[edge[0]];
var p2 = nodes[edge[1]];
g.moveTo(p1[0], p1[1]);
g.lineTo(p2[0], p2[1]);
});
g.closePath();
g.stroke();
 
g.restore();
}
 
scale(200, 200, 200);
rotateCuboid(Math.PI / 4, Math.atan(Math.sqrt(2)));
 
setInterval(function() {
rotateCuboid(Math.PI / 180, 0);
drawCuboid();
}, 17);
 
</script>
 
</body>
</html></syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Julia}}==
Run at the Julia REPL command line.
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia">using Makie, LinearAlgebra
 
N = 40
interval = 0.10
 
scene = mesh(FRect3D(Vec3f0(-0.5), Vec3f0(1)), color = :skyblue2)
rect = scene[end]
 
for rad in 0.5:1/N:8.5
arr = normalize([cospi(rad/2), 0, sinpi(rad/2), -sinpi(rad/2)])
Makie.rotate!(rect, Quaternionf0(arr[1], arr[2], arr[3], arr[4]))
sleep(interval)
end</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">// version 1.1
 
import java.awt.*
import javax.swing.*
 
class RotatingCube : JPanel() {
private val nodes = arrayOf(
doubleArrayOf(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0),
doubleArrayOf(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0),
doubleArrayOf(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0),
doubleArrayOf(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
doubleArrayOf( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0),
doubleArrayOf( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0),
doubleArrayOf( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0),
doubleArrayOf( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
)
private val edges = arrayOf(
intArrayOf(0, 1),
intArrayOf(1, 3),
intArrayOf(3, 2),
intArrayOf(2, 0),
intArrayOf(4, 5),
intArrayOf(5, 7),
intArrayOf(7, 6),
intArrayOf(6, 4),
intArrayOf(0, 4),
intArrayOf(1, 5),
intArrayOf(2, 6),
intArrayOf(3, 7)
)
 
init {
preferredSize = Dimension(640, 640)
background = Color.white
scale(100.0)
rotateCube(Math.PI / 4.0, Math.atan(Math.sqrt(2.0)))
Timer(17) {
rotateCube(Math.PI / 180.0, 0.0)
repaint()
}.start()
}
 
private fun scale(s: Double) {
for (node in nodes) {
node[0] *= s
node[1] *= s
node[2] *= s
}
}
 
private fun rotateCube(angleX: Double, angleY: Double) {
val sinX = Math.sin(angleX)
val cosX = Math.cos(angleX)
val sinY = Math.sin(angleY)
val cosY = Math.cos(angleY)
for (node in nodes) {
val x = node[0]
val y = node[1]
var z = node[2]
node[0] = x * cosX - z * sinX
node[2] = z * cosX + x * sinX
z = node[2]
node[1] = y * cosY - z * sinY
node[2] = z * cosY + y * sinY
}
}
 
private fun drawCube(g: Graphics2D) {
g.translate(width / 2, height / 2)
for (edge in edges) {
val xy1 = nodes[edge[0]]
val xy2 = nodes[edge[1]]
g.drawLine(Math.round(xy1[0]).toInt(), Math.round(xy1[1]).toInt(),
Math.round(xy2[0]).toInt(), Math.round(xy2[1]).toInt())
}
for (node in nodes) {
g.fillOval(Math.round(node[0]).toInt() - 4, Math.round(node[1]).toInt() - 4, 8, 8)
}
}
 
override public fun paintComponent(gg: Graphics) {
super.paintComponent(gg)
val g = gg as Graphics2D
g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON)
g.color = Color.blue
drawCube(g)
}
}
 
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater {
val f = JFrame()
f.defaultCloseOperation = JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE
f.title = "Rotating cube"
f.isResizable = false
f.add(RotatingCube(), BorderLayout.CENTER)
f.pack()
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null)
f.isVisible = true
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Lua}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">local abs,atan,cos,floor,pi,sin,sqrt = math.abs,math.atan,math.cos,math.floor,math.pi,math.sin,math.sqrt
local bitmap = {
init = function(self, w, h, value)
self.w, self.h, self.pixels = w, h, {}
for y=1,h do self.pixels[y]={} end
self:clear(value)
end,
clear = function(self, value)
for y=1,self.h do
for x=1,self.w do
self.pixels[y][x] = value or " "
end
end
end,
set = function(self, x, y, value)
x,y = floor(x),floor(y)
if x>0 and y>0 and x<=self.w and y<=self.h then
self.pixels[y][x] = value or "#"
end
end,
line = function(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, c)
x1,y1,x2,y2 = floor(x1),floor(y1),floor(x2),floor(y2)
local dx, sx = abs(x2-x1), x1<x2 and 1 or -1
local dy, sy = abs(y2-y1), y1<y2 and 1 or -1
local err = floor((dx>dy and dx or -dy)/2)
while(true) do
self:set(x1, y1, c)
if (x1==x2 and y1==y2) then break end
if (err > -dx) then
err, x1 = err-dy, x1+sx
if (x1==x2 and y1==y2) then
self:set(x1, y1, c)
break
end
end
if (err < dy) then
err, y1 = err+dx, y1+sy
end
end
end,
render = function(self)
for y=1,self.h do
print(table.concat(self.pixels[y]))
end
end,
}
screen = {
clear = function()
os.execute("cls") -- or? os.execute("clear"), or? io.write("\027[2J\027[H"), or etc?
end,
}
local camera = { fl = 2.5 }
local L = 0.5
local cube = {
verts = { {L,L,L}, {L,-L,L}, {-L,-L,L}, {-L,L,L}, {L,L,-L}, {L,-L,-L}, {-L,-L,-L}, {-L,L,-L} },
edges = { {1,2}, {2,3}, {3,4}, {4,1}, {5,6}, {6,7}, {7,8}, {8,5}, {1,5}, {2,6}, {3,7}, {4,8} },
rotate = function(self, rx, ry)
local cx,sx = cos(rx),sin(rx)
local cy,sy = cos(ry),sin(ry)
for i,v in ipairs(self.verts) do
local x,y,z = v[1],v[2],v[3]
v[1], v[2], v[3] = x*cx-z*sx, y*cy-x*sx*sy-z*cx*sy, x*sx*cy+y*sy+z*cx*cy
end
end,
}
local renderer = {
render = function(self, shape, camera, bitmap)
local fl = camera.fl
local ox, oy = bitmap.w/2, bitmap.h/2
local mx, my = bitmap.w/2, bitmap.h/2
local rpverts = {}
for i,v in ipairs(shape.verts) do
local x,y,z = v[1],v[2],v[3]
local px = ox + mx * (fl*x)/(fl-z)
local py = oy + my * (fl*y)/(fl-z)
rpverts[i] = { px,py }
end
for i,e in ipairs(shape.edges) do
local v1, v2 = rpverts[e[1]], rpverts[e[2]]
bitmap:line( v1[1], v1[2], v2[1], v2[2], "██" )
end
end
}
--
bitmap:init(40,40)
cube:rotate(pi/4, atan(sqrt(2)))
for i=1,60 do
cube:rotate(pi/60,0)
bitmap:clear("··")
renderer:render(cube, camera, bitmap)
screen:clear()
bitmap:render()
end</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
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=={{header|M2000 Interpreter}}==
[[File:Cube.png|thumb|Cube Example]]
Draw on M2000 console. Using of GDI+ for smooth lines. Using Every {} structure and Refresh 100 to immediate refresh double buffer, and set 100ms for the next auto refresh. So we erase the screen without refresh and draw again after dt time. Cube has 6 more lines for fancy drawing. Also time displayed. We can move the cube (and accelarate the rotation as we press a mouse button).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="m2000 interpreter">
Module Cube3D {
form 80, 32
smooth on // enable GDI+ smooth lines
zoff=0.5773502691896257645091487805019574556@
cylr=1.6329931618554520654648560498039275946@
oX=scale.x div 2 : oY=scale.y div 2
SCALE=min.data(oX, oY)/2*.6
gradient 0
theta = 0.0 : dtheta = 1.5 : dt = 1000/60
ScZof=SCALE/zoff
ScZofM=SCALE*zoff
dim cylphi(), x()
c =(PI/6, 5*PI/6, 3*PI/2, 11*PI/6, PI/2, 7*PI/6) : c*=180/Pi : cylphi()=c // cos() take Degree
every DT {
if mouse then (oX, oY)=(mouse.x,mouse.y) : dtheta*=1.05 else dtheta = 1.5
dim x(6)=oX : for i=0 to 5: x(i) += SCALE*cylr*cos(cylphi(i)+theta):next
drawcube() : refresh 100 : IF keypress(32) then exit
theta += dtheta : gradient 0, 5: cursor 0,0
Print "Press space to exit",,"Press any mouse button to move cube",,Time$(Now)
}
sub drawcube()
for i= 0 to 2
move x(i), oY-ScZofM:draw to oX,oY-ScZof, 11
move oX,ScZof+oY:draw to x(i),oY-ScZofM, 9
move oX,oY+ ScZof:draw to x(5-i),ScZofM+oY
move x(i),oY-ScZofM:draw to x(i mod 3 + 3),oY+ScZofM, 15
move oX,oY-ScZof:draw to x(i mod 3 + 3), oY+ScZofM, 7
move x(i),oY-ScZofM:draw to x((i+1) mod 3 + 3),oY+ScZofM, 13
next
end sub
}
Cube3D
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Maple}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="maple">plots:-display(
seq(
plots:-display(
Line 360 ⟶ 2,241:
axes=none, scaling=constrained, orientation=[0,45,i] ),
i = 0..360, 20 ),
insequence=true );</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|PhixMathematica}}/{{header|Wolfram Language}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="mathematica">Dynamic[
Included in the distribution as demo\pGUI\iup3Dgl.exw
Graphics3D[
<lang Phix>--
GeometricTransformation[
-- iup3Dgl.exw
GeometricTransformation[Cuboid[], RotationTransform[Pi/4, {1, 1, 0}]],
--
RotationTransform[Clock[2 Pi], {0, 0, 1}]
-- Simple example of use of 3D OpenGL and IUP.
],
--
Boxed -> False]]</syntaxhighlight>
-- Creates a dialog with one canvas and draws a rotating cube in it.
--
-- Author: Marcelo Gattass, Nov 9 2009.
-- Translated to Phix by Pete Lomax, May 25 2016
--
 
=={{header|MiniScript}}==
include pGUI.e
{{works with|Mini Micro}}
include opengl.e
include glu.e
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="MiniScript">import "mathUtil"
--#withtype Ihandle
scale = 250
radius = sqrt(scale^2)
 
Face = new Sprite
Ihandle canvas; /* canvas handle */
Face.image = file.loadImage("/sys/pics/shapes/SquareThin.png")
integer width = 640, /* width and height of the canvas */
height = 480;
atom t = 0; /* animation time */
 
clear; gfx.clear color.gray
/*------------------------------------------*/
sprites = display(4).sprites
/* Auxiliary functions to draw a color cube */
/*------------------------------------------*/
 
// build a sprite for each side
constant vertices = {{-1,-1, 1}, {-1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {1,-1, 1},
for i in range(0, 3)
{-1,-1,-1}, {-1, 1,-1}, {1, 1,-1}, {1,-1,-1}};
sp = new Face
sp.x = 480; sp.y = 320
yBot = -sin(pi/4)
yTop = sin(pi/4)
cosAngL = cos(i*pi/2); sinAngL = sin(i*pi/2)
cosAngR = cos((i+1)*pi/2); sinAngR = sin((i+1)*pi/2)
sp.corners3d = [
[cosAngL, yBot, sinAngL], [cosAngR, yBot, sinAngR],
[cosAngR, yTop, sinAngR], [cosAngL, yTop, sinAngL] ]
sp.color = [color.yellow, color.aqua, color.pink, color.lime][i]
sprites.push sp
end for
// ...and one for the top
top = new Face
top.x = 480; top.y = 320
top.corners3d = []
for i in range(0, 3)
top.corners3d.push [cos(i*pi/2), sin(pi/4), sin(i*pi/2)]
end for
sprites.push top
 
// Rotate the given [x,y,z] point by some number of degrees
procedure polygon(integer a, integer b, integer c, integer d)
// around the Y axis, then project to the screen.
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
rotateAndProject = function(point3d, rotDegrees)
glVertex3d(vertices[a+1]);
radians = rotDegrees * pi/180
glVertex3d(vertices[b+1]);
cosAng = cos(radians); sinAng = sin(radians)
glVertex3d(vertices[c+1]);
// First, rotate around the Y axis in 3D space
glVertex3d(vertices[d+1]);
x = point3d[0] * cosAng - point3d[2] * sinAng
glEnd();
y = point3d[1]
end procedure
z = point3d[0] * sinAng + point3d[2] * cosAng
// Then, project this to the screen
result = [480 + x * scale, 320 + y * scale + z*0]
p = (8 - z) / 8 // (perspective factor)
return mathUtil.lerp2d(result, [480,800], 1-p)
end function
 
// Position all the sprites where they should be on screen for the given rotation.
procedure colorCube()
positionSprites = function(rotDegrees)
for sp in sprites
corners = []
for i in range(0,3)
corners.push rotateAndProject(sp.corners3d[i], rotDegrees)
end for
sp.setCorners corners
if sp == top then continue
if corners[1][0] > corners[0][0] then
sp.tint = sp.color
else
sp.tint = color.clear
end if
end for
end function
 
// Main program
glColor3f({1,0,0});
rot = 0
glNormal(1,0,0);
while not key.pressed("escape") and not key.pressed("q")
polygon(2,3,7,6);
yield
positionSprites rot
rot = rot + 1
end while
key.clear</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{output}}
glColor3f({0,1,0});
[[File:MiniScript-spnning-cube.gif|alt=MiniScript spinning cube solution|MiniScript spinning cube solution]]
glNormal(0,1,0);
polygon(1,2,6,5);
 
=={{header|Nim}}==
glColor3f({0,0,1});
{{trans|Ada}}
glNormal(0,0,1);
{{libheader|SDL2}}
polygon(0,3,2,1);
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">import math
import sdl2
 
const
Width = 500
Height = 500
Offset = 500 / 2
 
var nodes = [(x: -100.0, y: -100.0, z: -100.0),
glColor3f({1,0,1});
glNormal (x: -100.0, y: -1100.0, z: 100.0);,
(x: -100.0, y: 100.0, z: -100.0),
polygon(3,0,4,7);
(x: -100.0, y: 100.0, z: 100.0),
(x: 100.0, y: -100.0, z: -100.0),
(x: 100.0, y: -100.0, z: 100.0),
(x: 100.0, y: 100.0, z: -100.0),
(x: 100.0, y: 100.0, z: 100.0)]
 
const Edges = [(a: 0, b: 1), (a: 1, b: 3), (a: 3, b: 2), (a: 2, b: 0),
(a: 4, b: 5), (a: 5, b: 7), (a: 7, b: 6), (a: 6, b: 4),
(a: 0, b: 4), (a: 1, b: 5), (a: 2, b: 6), (a: 3, b: 7)]
 
var
glColor3f({1,1,0});
window: WindowPtr
glNormal(0,0,-1);
renderer: RendererPtr
polygon(4,5,6,7);
event: Event
endSimulation = false
 
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glColor3f({0,1,1});
glNormal(-1,0,0);
polygon(5,4,0,1);
 
proc rotateCube(angleX, angleY: float) =
end procedure
let
sinX = sin(angleX)
cosX = cos(angleX)
sinY = sin(angleY)
cosY = cos(angleY)
 
for node in nodes.mitems:
/* function called when the canvas is exposed in the screen */
var (x, y, z) = node
function repaint_cb(Ihandle self)
node.x = x * cosX - z * sinX
node.z = z * cosX + x * sinX
z = node.z
node.y = y * cosY - z * sinY
node.z = z * cosY + y * sinY
 
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IupGLMakeCurrent(self);
glClearColor(0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 1.0); /* White */
glClear(or_bits(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT,GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT));
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 
proc pollQuit(): bool =
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
while pollEvent(event):
glPushMatrix(); /* saves current model view in a stack */
if event.kind == QuitEvent:
glTranslate(0.0, 0.0 , 0.0);
return true
glScalef({1.0, 1.0, 1.0});
glRotate(t,1,0,1);
colorCube();
 
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glPopMatrix();
 
proc drawCube(): bool =
IupGLSwapBuffers(self); /* change the back buffer with the front buffer */
var rect: Rect = (cint(0), cint(0), cint(Width), cint(Height))
rotateCube(PI / 4, arctan(sqrt(2.0)))
for frame in 0..359:
renderer.setDrawColor((0u8, 0u8, 0u8, 255u8))
renderer.fillRect(addr(rect))
renderer.setDrawColor((0u8, 220u8, 0u8, 255u8))
for edge in Edges:
let xy1 = nodes[edge.a]
let xy2 = nodes[edge.b]
renderer.drawLine(cint(xy1.x + Offset), cint(xy1.y + Offset),
cint(xy2.x + Offset), cint(xy2.y + Offset))
rotateCube(PI / 180, 0)
renderer.present()
if pollQuit(): return true
delay 10
 
#———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
return IUP_DEFAULT; /* returns the control to the main loop */
end function
 
if sdl2.init(INIT_EVERYTHING) == SdlError:
/* function called in the event of changes in the width or in the height of the canvas */
quit(QuitFailure)
function resize_cb(Ihandle self, integer new_width, integer new_height)
 
window = createWindow("Rotating cube", 10, 10, 500, 500, 0)
IupGLMakeCurrent(self); /* Make the canvas current in OpenGL */
renderer = createRenderer(window, -1, Renderer_Accelerated)
 
while not endSimulation:
/* define the entire canvas as the viewport */
endSimulation = drawCube()
glViewport(0,0,new_width,new_height);
window.destroy()</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Objeck}}==
/* transformation applied to each vertex */
{{libheader|SDL2}}
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
{{trans|Ada}}
glLoadIdentity(); /* identity, i. e. no transformation */
<syntaxhighlight lang="objeck">#~
Rotating Cube
~#
 
use Collection.Generic;
/* projection transformation (orthographic in the xy plane) */
use Game.SDL2;
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
use Game.Framework;
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(60,4/3,1,15);
gluLookAt({3,3,3}, {0,0,0}, {0,0,1});
 
class RotatingCube {
/* update canvas size and repaint */
# game framework
width = new_width;
@framework : GameFramework;
height = new_height;
@initialized : Bool;
return repaint_cb(canvas);
end function
 
@nodes : Float[,];
function idle_cd()
@edges : t += 1Int[,];
return repaint_cb(canvas);
end function
 
New() {
function exit_cb()
@initialized := true;
printf(1,"Function to free memory and do finalizations...\n");
@framework := GameFramework->New(GameConsts->SCREEN_WIDTH, GameConsts->SCREEN_HEIGHT, "Rotating Cube");
return IUP_CLOSE;
end function
 
@nodes := [[-100.0, -100.0, -100.0], [-100.0, -100.0, 100.0], [-100.0, 100.0, -100.0],
function esc_close(Ihandle /*ih*/, atom c)
[-100.0, 100.0, 100.0], [100.0, -100.0, -100.0], [100.0, -100.0, 100.0],
-- (I like all my demos to close when escape is keyed)
[100.0, 100.0, -100.0], [100.0, 100.0, 100.0]];
if c=K_ESC then return IUP_CLOSE end if
return IUP_CONTINUE
end function
 
@edges := [[0, 1], [1, 3], [3, 2], [2, 0], [4, 5], [5, 7],
function initDialog()
[7, 6], [6, 4], [0, 4], [1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7]];
 
}
Ihandle dialog; /* dialog containing the canvas */
 
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
canvas = IupGLCanvas("repaint_cb", Icallback("repaint_cb")); /* create _canvas and define its repaint callback */
RotatingCube->New()->Play();
}
 
method : Play() ~ Nil {
IupSetAttribute(canvas,"IUP_RASTERSIZE","640x480"); /* define the size in pixels */
if(@initialized) {
IupSetAttribute(canvas,"IUP_BUFFER","IUP_DOUBLE"); /* define that this OpenGL _canvas has double buffer (front and back) */
# initialization
@framework->SetClearColor(Color->New(0, 0, 0));
RotateCube(Float->Pi(), 2.0->SquareRoot()->ArcTan());
 
quit := false;
/* bind callback actions with callback functions */
e := @framework->GetEvent();
IupSetCallback(canvas, "RESIZE_CB",Icallback("resize_cb"));
while(<>quit) {
@framework->FrameStart();
@framework->Clear();
# process input
while(e->Poll() <> 0) {
if(e->GetType() = EventType->SDL_QUIT) {
quit := true;
};
};
 
#draw
/* create the dialog and set its attributes */
DrawCube();
dialog = IupDialog(canvas, "SIZE=640x480");
IupSetAttribute(dialog, "TITLE", "IUP_3D_OpenGL");
 
@framework->FrameEnd();
IupSetCallback(dialog, "CLOSE_CB", Icallback("exit_cb"));
IupSetGlobalFunction("IDLE_ACTION", Icallback("idle_cd"));
IupSetCallback(dialog, "K_ANY", Icallback("esc_close"))
 
return dialog; # render
@framework->Show();
end function
 
Timer->Delay(200);
procedure main()
Ihandle dialog;
 
RotateCube (Float->Pi() / 180.0, 0.0);
IupOpen(); /* opens the IUP lib */
};
}
else {
"--- Error Initializing Environment ---"->ErrorLine();
return;
};
 
leaving {
IupGLCanvasOpen(); /* enable use of OpenGL to draw in canvas */
@framework->FreeShapes();
};
}
 
method : RotateCube(angleX : Float, angleY : Float) ~ Nil {
dialog = initDialog(); /* create the dialog and canvas */
sinX := angleX->Sin();
IupShowXY(dialog, IUP_CENTER, IUP_CENTER); /* show in the center of screen */
cosX := angleX->Cos();
sinY := angleY->Sin();
cosY := angleY->Cos();
node_sizes := @nodes->Size();
size := node_sizes[0];
 
for(i := 0; i < size; i += 1;) {
IupMainLoop(); /* give program control to IUP until a return IUP_CLOSE */
x := @nodes[i, 0];
y := @nodes[i, 1];
z := @nodes[i, 2];
@nodes[i, 0] := x * cosX - z * sinX;
@nodes[i, 2] := z * cosX + x * sinX;
z := @nodes[i, 2];
@nodes[i, 1] := y * cosY - z * sinY;
@nodes[i, 2] := z * cosY + y * sinY;
};
}
 
method : DrawCube() ~ Nil {
IupClose(); /* closes the IUP lib */
edge_sizes := @edges->Size();
end procedure
size := edge_sizes[0];
 
@framework->GetRenderer()->SetDrawColor(0, 220, 0, 0);
main()</lang>
for(i := 0; i < size; i += 1;) {
x0y0 := @nodes[@edges[i, 0], 0];
x0y1 := @nodes[@edges[i, 0], 1];
 
x1y0 := @nodes[@edges[i, 1], 0];
x1y1 := @nodes[@edges[i, 1], 1];
 
@framework->GetRenderer()->DrawLine(x0y0 + GameConsts->DRAW_OFFSET, x0y1 + GameConsts->DRAW_OFFSET, x1y0 + GameConsts->DRAW_OFFSET, x1y1 + GameConsts->DRAW_OFFSET);
};
}
}
 
consts GameConsts {
SCREEN_WIDTH := 600,
SCREEN_HEIGHT := 600,
DRAW_OFFSET := 300
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|OxygenBasic}}==
Using An OpenGl-based console
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
% Title "Rotating Cube"
% Animated
% PlaceCentral
uses ConsoleG
 
sub main
========
cls 0.0, 0.5, 0.7
shading
scale 7
pushstate
GoldMaterial.act
static float ang
rotateX ang
rotateY ang
go cube
popstate
ang+=.5 : if ang>=360 then ang-=360
end sub
 
EndScript
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|PascalABC.NET}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="delphi">
uses Graph3D;
 
begin
var Cube := Box(Origin,Sz3D(3,3,3),Colors.Green);
Cube.AnimRotate(OrtZ,180).Forever.Begin
end.
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
=={{header|Perl}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">#!/usr/bin/perl
 
use strict; # http://www.rosettacode.org/wiki/Draw_a_rotating_cube
use warnings;
use Tk;
use Time::HiRes qw( time );
 
my $size = 600;
my $wait = int 1000 / 30;
my ($height, $width) = ($size, $size * sqrt 8/9);
my $mid = $width / 2;
my $rot = atan2(0, -1) / 3; # middle corners every 60 degrees
 
my $mw = MainWindow->new;
my $c = $mw->Canvas(-width => $width, -height => $height)->pack;
$c->Tk::bind('<ButtonRelease>' => sub {$mw->destroy}); # click to exit
draw();
MainLoop;
 
sub draw
{
my $angle = time - $^T; # full rotation every 2*PI seconds
my @points = map { $mid + $mid * cos $angle + $_ * $rot,
$height * ($_ % 2 + 1) / 3 } 0 .. 5;
$c->delete('all');
$c->createLine( @points[-12 .. 1], $mid, 0, -width => 5,);
$c->createLine( @points[4, 5], $mid, 0, @points[8, 9], -width => 5,);
$c->createLine( @points[2, 3], $mid, $height, @points[6, 7], -width => 5,);
$c->createLine( $mid, $height, @points[10, 11], -width => 5,);
$mw->after($wait, \&draw);
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Phix}}==
{{libheader|Phix/pGUI}}
{{libheader|Phix/online}}
You can run this online [http://phix.x10.mx/p2js/drawrotatingcube.htm here].
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(phixonline)-->
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--
-- demo\rosetta\DrawRotatingCube.exw
-- =================================
--
-- credits: http://petercollingridge.appspot.com/3D-tutorial/rotating-objects
-- https://github.com/ssloy/tinyrenderer/wiki/Lesson-4:-Perspective-projection
--
-- Aside: low CPU usage, at least when using a 30ms timer (33 FPS, which is plenty).
--</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #000000;">pGUI</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">title</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"Draw a Rotating Cube"</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">cdCanvas</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--
-- First, define 8 corners equidistant from {0,0,0}:
--
-- 6-----2
-- 5-----1 3
-- 8-----4
--
-- ie the right face is 1-2-3-4 clockwise, and the left face
-- is 5-6-7-8 counter-clockwise (unless using x-ray vision).
-- (since this is not drawing textures, clockwise-ness does
-- not matter, as shown by the corrected orange face, but
-- it will if you (figure out how to) apply any textures.)
-- (a quick (online) study of opengl texture documentation
-- should convince you that stuff is best left to opengl.)
--</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">enum</span> <span style="color: #000000;">X</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">Y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">Z</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">l</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">100</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">corners</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{{+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 1 (front top right)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 2 (back top "right")</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 3 (back btm "right")</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 4 (front btm right)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 5 (front top left)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 6 (back top "left")</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 7 (back btm "left")</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,+</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}}</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 8 (front btm left)
-- I put left/right in quotes for the back face as a reminder
-- those match the above diagram, but of course they would be
-- swapped were you looking "at" the face/rotated it by 180.</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">faces</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{{</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_RED</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- right</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_YELLOW</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">6</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- top</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_DARK_GREEN</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- front</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_BLUE</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">7</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">6</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- back</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_WHITE</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">7</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- bottom
-- {CD_ORANGE, 5,6,7,8}} -- left</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_ORANGE</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">7</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">6</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}}</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- left
-- rotation angles, 0..359, on a timer</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rx</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">45</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- initially makes cube like a H</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">ry</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">35</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- " " " italic H</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">rz</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">naxes</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{{</span><span style="color: #000000;">Y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">Z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- (rotate about the X-axis)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">X</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">Z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- (rotate about the Y-axis)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">X</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">Y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}}</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- (rotate about the Z-axis)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rotate</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">angle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">axis</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--
-- rotate points by the specified angle about the given axis
--</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">radians</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">angle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_DEG2RAD</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">sin_t</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">sin</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">radians</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">cos_t</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cos</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">radians</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">nx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">ny</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">naxes</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">axis</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">nx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">y</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">ny</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">nx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">cos_t</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">sin_t</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">ny</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">cos_t</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">sin_t</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">projection</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">d</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--
-- project points from {0,0,d} onto the perpendicular plane through {0,0,0}
--</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">denom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">d</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">X</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">denom</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">Y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">denom</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">nearest</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--
-- return the index of the nearest point (highest z value)
--</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">largest</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">vslice</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">Z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #004600;">true</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">draw_cube</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cy</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- {cx,cy} is the centre point of the canvas</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">deep_copy</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">corners</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">points</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rotate</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">rx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">X</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">points</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rotate</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">ry</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">Y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">points</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rotate</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">rz</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">Z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">points</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">projection</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">1000</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">np</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">nearest</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--
-- find the three faces that contain the nearest point,
-- then for each of those faces let diag be the point
-- that is diagonally opposite said nearest point, and
-- order by/draw those faces furthest diag away first.
-- (one or two of them may be completely obscured due
-- to the effects of the perspective projection.)
-- (you could of course draw all six faces, as long as
-- the 3 furthest are draw first/obliterated, which
-- is what that commented-out "else" would achieve.)
--</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">faceset</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">faces</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">fi</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">faces</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">k</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">find</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">np</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">fi</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- k:=2..5, or 0</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">k</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">diag</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mod</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">k</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- {2,3,4,5} --&gt; {4,5,2,3}
-- aka swap 2&lt;=&gt;4 & 3&lt;=&gt;5</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">diag</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">fi</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">diag</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 1..8, diagonally opp. np</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">faceset</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">faceset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">diag</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">Z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- else
-- faceset = append(faceset,{-9999,i})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">faceset</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">sort</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">faceset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">faceset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">face</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">faces</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">faceset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]]</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasSetForeground</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">face</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- first fill sides (with bresenham edges), then
-- redraw edges, but anti-aliased aka smoother</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">modes</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_FILL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_CLOSED_LINES</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">m</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">modes</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasBegin</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">modes</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">m</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">fdx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">5</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">pt</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">points</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">face</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">fdx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]]</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasVertex</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">cx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">pt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">X</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">cy</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">pt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">Y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasEnd</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas_action_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasActivate</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasClear</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">w</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">h</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupGetIntInt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"DRAWSIZE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">draw_cube</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">w</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">h</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasFlush</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_DEFAULT</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas_map_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupGLMakeCurrent</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">platform</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()=</span><span style="color: #004600;">JS</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCreateCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_IUP</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">else</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupGetDouble</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">NULL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"SCREENDPI"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)/</span><span style="color: #000000;">25.4</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCreateCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_GL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"10x10 %g"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">res</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasSetBackground</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004600;">CD_PARCHMENT</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_DEFAULT</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas_resize_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*canvas*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas_width</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas_height</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupGetIntInt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"DRAWSIZE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupGetDouble</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">NULL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"SCREENDPI"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)/</span><span style="color: #000000;">25.4</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cd_canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"SIZE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"%dx%d %g"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas_width</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas_height</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_DEFAULT</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">timer_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandln</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*ih*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- (feel free to add a bit more randomness here, maybe)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">rx</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mod</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">rx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">359</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">360</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">ry</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mod</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">ry</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">359</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">360</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">rz</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mod</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">rz</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">359</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">360</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupRedraw</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_IGNORE</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupOpen</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupGLCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"RASTERSIZE=640x480"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetCallbacks</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"ACTION"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"canvas_action_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">"MAP_CB"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"canvas_map_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">"RESIZE_CB"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"canvas_resize_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)})</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupDialog</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">`TITLE="%s"`</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">title</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupShow</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"RASTERSIZE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004600;">NULL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hTimer</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupTimer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"timer_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span> <span style="color: #000000;">30</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">platform</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()!=</span><span style="color: #004600;">JS</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupMainLoop</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupClose</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
 
=={{header|PostScript}}==
'''Don't send this to your printer!'''
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="postscript">%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 400 400
 
Line 572 ⟶ 2,861:
 
0 {3.2 add dup page } loop
%%EOF</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Processing}}==
Create a cube in Processing with box(), rotate the scene with rotate(), and drive the rotation with either the built-in millis() or frameCount timers.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="processing">void setup() {
size(500, 500, P3D);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
// position
translate(width/2, height/2, -width/2);
// optional fill and lighting colors
noStroke();
strokeWeight(4);
fill(192, 255, 192);
pointLight(255, 255, 255, 0, -500, 500);
// rotation driven by built-in timer
rotateY(millis()/1000.0);
// draw box
box(300, 300, 300);
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Python}}==
Line 581 ⟶ 2,891:
 
====Short version====
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="python">from visual import *
scene.title = "VPython: Draw a rotating cube"
 
Line 599 ⟶ 2,909:
rate(50)
cube.rotate( angle=0.005, axis=(0,1,0) )
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
 
<!--
Line 606 ⟶ 2,916:
 
=={{header|Racket}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="racket">#lang racket/gui
(require math/matrix math/array)
 
Line 675 ⟶ 2,985:
(send c refresh))
 
(define t (new timer% [notify-callback refresh] [interval 35] [just-once? #f]))</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
{{works with|Rakudo|2018.12}}
Raku has no native graphics libraries built in, but makes it fairly easy to bind to third party libraries. Here we'll use bindings to [[wp:Libcaca|Libcaca]], the '''C'''olor '''A'''S'''C'''II '''A'''rt library to generate a rotating cube in an ASCII terminal.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>use Terminal::Caca;
given my $canvas = Terminal::Caca.new {
.title('Rosetta Code - Rotating cube - Press any key to exit');
 
sub scale-and-translate($x, $y, $z) {
$x * 5 / ( 5 + $z ) * 15 + 40,
$y * 5 / ( 5 + $z ) * 7 + 15,
$z;
}
 
sub rotate3d-x( $x, $y, $z, $angle ) {
my ($cosθ, $sinθ) = cis( $angle * π / 180.0 ).reals;
$x,
$y * $cosθ - $z * $sinθ,
$y * $sinθ + $z * $cosθ;
}
 
sub rotate3d-y( $x, $y, $z, $angle ) {
my ($cosθ, $sinθ) = cis( $angle * π / 180.0 ).reals;
$x * $cosθ - $z * $sinθ,
$y,
$x * $sinθ + $z * $cosθ;
}
 
sub rotate3d-z( $x, $y, $z, $angle ) {
my ($cosθ, $sinθ) = cis( $angle * π / 180.0 ).reals;
$x * $cosθ - $y * $sinθ,
$x * $cosθ + $y * $sinθ,
$z;
}
 
# Unit cube from polygon mesh, aligned to axes
my @mesh =
[ [1, 1, -1], [-1, -1, -1], [-1, 1, -1] ], # far face
[ [1, 1, -1], [-1, -1, -1], [ 1, -1, -1] ],
[ [1, 1, 1], [-1, -1, 1], [-1, 1, 1] ], # near face
[ [1, 1, 1], [-1, -1, 1], [ 1, -1, 1] ];
@mesh.push: [$_».rotate( 1)».Array] for @mesh[^4]; # positive and
@mesh.push: [$_».rotate(-1)».Array] for @mesh[^4]; # negative rotations
 
# Rotate to correct orientation for task
for ^@mesh X ^@mesh[0] -> ($i, $j) {
@(@mesh[$i;$j]) = rotate3d-x |@mesh[$i;$j], 45;
@(@mesh[$i;$j]) = rotate3d-z |@mesh[$i;$j], 40;
}
 
my @colors = red, blue, green, cyan, magenta, yellow;
 
loop {
for ^359 -> $angle {
.color( white, white );
.clear;
 
# Flatten 3D into 2D and rotate for all faces
my @faces-z;
my $c-index = 0;
for @mesh -> @triangle {
my @points;
my $sum-z = 0;
for @triangle -> @node {
my ($px, $py, $z) = scale-and-translate |rotate3d-y |@node, $angle;
@points.append: $px.Int, $py.Int;
$sum-z += $z;
}
 
@faces-z.push: %(
color => @colors[$c-index++ div 2],
points => @points,
avg-z => $sum-z / +@points;
);
}
 
# Draw all faces
# Sort by z to draw farthest first
for @faces-z.sort( -*.<avg-z> ) -> %face {
# Draw filled triangle
.color( %face<color>, %face<color> );
.fill-triangle( |%face<points> );
# And frame
.color( black, black );
.thin-triangle( |%face<points> );
}
 
.refresh;
exit if .wait-for-event(key-press);
}
}
 
# Cleanup on scope exit
LEAVE {
.cleanup;
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Ring}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ring">
#===================================================================#
# Based on Original Sample from RayLib (https://www.raylib.com/)
# Ported to RingRayLib by Ring Team
#===================================================================#
 
load "raylib.ring"
 
screenWidth = 800
screenHeight = 450
 
InitWindow(screenWidth, screenHeight, "raylib [core] example - 3d picking")
 
camera = Camera3D(
10, 10, 10,
0, 0, 0 ,
0, 1, 0 ,
45,
CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE
)
 
cubePosition = Vector3( 0, 1, 0 )
cubeSize = Vector3( 2, 2, 2 )
 
ray = Ray(0,0,0,0,0,0)
 
collision = false
 
SetCameraMode(camera, CAMERA_FREE)
 
SetTargetFPS(60)
 
while !WindowShouldClose()
 
UpdateCamera(camera)
 
if IsMouseButtonPressed(MOUSE_LEFT_BUTTON)
if !collision
ray = GetMouseRay(GetMousePosition(), camera)
 
collision = CheckCollisionRayBox(ray,
BoundingBox( cubePosition.x - cubeSize.x/2, cubePosition.y - cubeSize.y/2, cubePosition.z - cubeSize.z/2,
cubePosition.x + cubeSize.x/2, cubePosition.y + cubeSize.y/2, cubePosition.z + cubeSize.z/2 ) )
else collision = false
ok
ok
 
BeginDrawing()
 
ClearBackground(RAYWHITE)
 
BeginMode3D(camera)
 
if collision
DrawCube(cubePosition, cubeSize.x, cubeSize.y, cubeSize.z, RED)
DrawCubeWires(cubePosition, cubeSize.x, cubeSize.y, cubeSize.z, MAROON)
 
DrawCubeWires(cubePosition, cubeSize.x + 0.2f, cubeSize.y + 0.2f, cubeSize.z + 0.2f, GREEN)
else
DrawCube(cubePosition, cubeSize.x, cubeSize.y, cubeSize.z, GRAY)
DrawCubeWires(cubePosition, cubeSize.x, cubeSize.y, cubeSize.z, DARKGRAY)
ok
 
DrawRay(ray, MAROON)
DrawGrid(10, 1)
 
EndMode3D()
 
DrawText("Try selecting the box with mouse!", 240, 10, 20, DARKGRAY)
 
if collision DrawText("BOX SELECTED", (screenWidth - MeasureText("BOX SELECTED", 30)) / 2, screenHeight * 0.1f, 30, GREEN) ok
 
DrawFPS(10, 10)
 
EndDrawing()
end
 
CloseWindow()
</syntaxhighlight>
[https://www.mediafire.com/view/xjimb82x8lvfwd9/RotatingCube.jpg/file Rotating a Cube]
 
=={{header|Scala}}==
===Java Swing Interoperability===
{{libheader|Scala Java Swing interoperability}}
{{libheader|Scala GUI Animation}}
{{works with|Scala|2.13}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">import java.awt.event.ActionEvent
import java.awt._
 
import javax.swing.{JFrame, JPanel, Timer}
 
import scala.math.{Pi, atan, cos, sin, sqrt}
 
object RotatingCube extends App {
 
class RotatingCube extends JPanel {
private val vertices: Vector[Array[Double]] =
Vector(Array(-1, -1, -1), Array(-1, -1, 1), Array(-1, 1, -1),
Array(-1, 1, 1), Array(1, -1, -1), Array(1, -1, 1), Array(1, 1, -1), Array(1, 1, 1))
 
private val edges: Vector[(Int, Int)] =
Vector((0, 1), (1, 3), (3, 2), (2, 0), (4, 5), (5, 7),
(7, 6), (6, 4), (0, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7))
 
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640))
setBackground(Color.white)
scale(100)
rotateCube(Pi / 4, atan(sqrt(2)))
 
new Timer(17, (_: ActionEvent) => {
rotateCube(Pi / 180, 0)
repaint()
}).start()
 
override def paintComponent(gg: Graphics): Unit = {
def drawCube(g: Graphics2D): Unit = {
g.translate(getWidth / 2, getHeight / 2)
for {edge <- edges
xy1: Array[Double] = vertices(edge._1)
xy2: Array[Double] = vertices(edge._2)
} {
g.drawLine(xy1(0).toInt, xy1(1).toInt, xy2(0).toInt, xy2(1).toInt)
g.fillOval(xy1(0).toInt -4, xy1(1).toInt - 4, 8, 8)
g.setColor(Color.black)
}
}
 
super.paintComponent(gg)
val g: Graphics2D = gg.asInstanceOf[Graphics2D]
g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON)
drawCube(g)
}
 
private def scale(s: Double): Unit = {
for {node <- vertices
i <- node.indices
} node(i) *= s
}
 
private def rotateCube(angleX: Double, angleY: Double): Unit = {
def sinCos(x: Double) = (sin(x), cos(x))
 
val ((sinX, cosX), (sinY, cosY)) = (sinCos(angleX), sinCos(angleY))
 
for {
node <- vertices
x: Double = node(0)
y: Double = node(1)
} {
def f(p: Double, q: Double)(a: Double, b: Double) = a * p + b * q
 
def fx(a: Double, b: Double) = f(cosX, sinX)(a, b)
 
def fy(a: Double, b: Double) = f(cosY, sinY)(a, b)
 
node(0) = fx(x, -node(2))
val z = fx(node(2), x)
node(1) = fy(y, -z)
node(2) = fy(z, y)
}
}
 
}
 
new JFrame("Rotating Cube") {
add(new RotatingCube(), BorderLayout.CENTER)
pack()
setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
setLocationRelativeTo(null)
setResizable(false)
setVisible(true)
}
 
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Tcl}}==
Line 686 ⟶ 3,271:
See [http://wiki.tcl.tk/14283 this wiki page] (and others linked from it) for many similar examples.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="tcl"># matrix operation support:
<lang Tcl>
# matrix operation support:
package require math::linearalgebra
namespace import ::math::linearalgebra::matmul
Line 819 ⟶ 3,403:
}
set ::world [make_cube 100]
tick</syntaxhighlight>
tick
</lang>
 
=={{header|TI-83 BASIC}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="ti83b">:-1→Xmin:1→Xmax
:-1→Ymin:1→Ymax
:AxesOff
Line 845 ⟶ 3,428:
:Line(.3,FV,-.3,-PV
:End
:End</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
I%, PV, and FV are all finance variables that can be found in the finance menu (inside the APPS menu on TI-83+ and up).
Finance variables are much faster than normal variables.
 
=={{header|Wren}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
{{libheader|DOME}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">import "graphics" for Canvas, Color
import "dome" for Window
import "math" for Math
 
var Nodes = [
[-1, -1, -1],
[-1, -1, 1],
[-1, 1, -1],
[-1, 1, 1],
[ 1, -1, -1],
[ 1, -1, 1],
[ 1, 1, -1],
[ 1, 1, 1]
]
 
var Edges = [
[0, 1],
[1, 3],
[3, 2],
[2, 0],
[4, 5],
[5, 7],
[7, 6],
[6, 4],
[0, 4],
[1, 5],
[2, 6],
[3, 7]
]
 
class RotatingCube {
construct new(width, height) {
Window.title = "Rotating cube"
Window.resize(width, height)
Canvas.resize(width, height)
_width = width
_height = height
_fore = Color.blue
}
 
init() {
scale(100)
rotateCube(Num.pi / 4, Math.atan(2.sqrt))
drawCube()
}
 
update() {
rotateCube(Num.pi / 180, 0)
}
 
draw(alpha) {
drawCube()
}
 
scale(s) {
for (node in Nodes) {
node[0] = node[0] * s
node[1] = node[1] * s
node[2] = node[2] * s
}
}
 
drawCube() {
Canvas.cls(Color.white)
Canvas.offset(_width / 2, _height / 2)
for (edge in Edges) {
var xy1 = Nodes[edge[0]]
var xy2 = Nodes[edge[1]]
Canvas.line(Math.round(xy1[0]), Math.round(xy1[1]),
Math.round(xy2[0]), Math.round(xy2[1]), _fore)
}
for (node in Nodes) {
Canvas.rectfill(Math.round(node[0]) - 4, Math.round(node[1]) - 4, 8, 8, _fore)
}
}
 
rotateCube(angleX, angleY) {
var sinX = Math.sin(angleX)
var cosX = Math.cos(angleX)
var sinY = Math.sin(angleY)
var cosY = Math.cos(angleY)
for (node in Nodes) {
var x = node[0]
var y = node[1]
var z = node[2]
node[0] = x * cosX - z * sinX
node[2] = z * cosX + x * sinX
z = node[2]
node[1] = y * cosY - z * sinY
node[2] = z * cosY + y * sinY
}
}
}
 
var Game = RotatingCube.new(640, 640)</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|XPL0}}==
The main challenge was figuring out the initial coordinates of the cube.
Zometool came to the rescue. The program runs much smoother than the animated gif.
<syntaxhighlight lang="xpl0">def Size=100., Speed=0.05; \drawing size and rotation speed
real X, Y, Z, Farthest; \arrays: 3D coordinates of vertices
int I, J, K, ZI, Edge;
def R2=sqrt(2.), R3=sqrt(3.), R13=sqrt(1./3.), R23=sqrt(2./3.), R232=R23*2.;
\vertex:0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
[X:= [ 0., R2, 0., -R2, 0., R2, 0., -R2];
Y:= [ -R3, -R13, R13, -R13, -R13, R13, R3, R13];
Z:= [ 0., -R23, -R232, -R23, R232, R23, 0., R23];
Edge:= [0,1, 1,2, 2,3, 3,0, 4,5, 5,6, 6,7, 7,4, 0,4, 1,5, 2,6, 3,7];
SetVid($101); \set 640x480x8 graphics
repeat Farthest:= 0.0; \find the farthest vertex
for I:= 0 to 8-1 do
if Z(I) > Farthest then [Farthest:= Z(I); ZI:= I];
Clear; \erase screen
for I:= 0 to 2*12-1 do \for all the vertices...
[J:= Edge(I); I:= I+1; \get vertex numbers for edge
Move(Fix(X(J)*Size)+640/2, Fix(Y(J)*Size)+480/2);
K:= Edge(I);
Line(Fix(X(K)*Size)+640/2, Fix(Y(K)*Size)+480/2,
if J=ZI ! K=ZI then $F001 \dashed blue\ else $0C \red\);
];
DelayUS(55000);
for I:= 0 to 8-1 do
[X(I):= X(I) + Z(I)*Speed; \rotate vertices about Y axis
Z(I):= Z(I) - X(I)*Speed; \ (which rotates in X-Z plane)
];
until KeyHit; \run until a key is struck
SetVid(3); \restore normal text mode
]</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
http://www.xpl0.org/rotcube2.gif
 
=={{header|Yabasic}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="yabasic">// Rosetta Code problem: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Draw_a_rotating_cube
// adapted to Yabasic by Galileo, 05/2022
 
// GFA Punch (code from tigen.ti-fr.com/)
// Carré 3D en rotation
 
open window 50, 70
backcolor 0,0,0
clear window
color 255,255,255
 
do
clear window
x = COS(T) * 20
y = SIN(T) * 18
r = SIN(T + T)
line (x + 40), (y + 40 - r), (-y + 40), (x + 40 - r)
line (-y + 40), (x + 40 - r), (-x + 40), (-y + 40 - r)
line (-x + 40), (-y + 40 - r), (y + 40), (-x + 40 - r)
line (y + 40), (-x + 40 - r), (x + 40), (y + 40 - r)
line (x + 40), (y + 20 + r), (-y + 40), (x + 20 + r)
line (-y + 40), (x + 20 + r), (-x + 40), (-y + 20 + r)
line (-x + 40), (-y + 20 + r), (y + 40), (-x + 20 + r)
line (y + 40), (-x + 20 + r), (x + 40), (y + 20 + r)
line (x + 40), (y + 40 - r), (x + 40), (y + 20 + r)
line (-y + 40), (x + 40 - r), (-y + 40), (x + 20 + r)
line (-x + 40), (-y + 40 - r), (-x + 40), (-y + 20 + r)
line (y + 40), (-x + 40 - r), (y + 40), (-x + 20 + r)
 
pause 0.02
T = T + 0.15
loop</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Zig}}==
{{libheader|Raylib}}
{{works with|Zig|0.11.0}} {{works with|Raylib|4.6}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="zig">const std = @import("std");
const c = @cImport({
@cInclude("raylib.h");
@cInclude("rlgl.h");
});
 
const dark_mode = true;
const show_grid = false;
 
pub fn main() !void {
const screen_width = 640;
const screen_height = 360;
 
const cube_side = 1;
const size = c.Vector3{ .x = cube_side, .y = cube_side, .z = cube_side };
const position = c.Vector3{ .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0 };
const x_rot = 45;
const y_center: f32 = std.math.sqrt(3.0) * cube_side / 2.0;
const z_rot = std.math.radiansToDegrees(f32, std.math.atan(@as(f32, std.math.sqrt1_2)));
 
c.SetConfigFlags(c.FLAG_WINDOW_RESIZABLE | c.FLAG_VSYNC_HINT);
c.InitWindow(screen_width, screen_height, "Draw a Rotating Cube");
defer c.CloseWindow();
 
var camera = c.Camera{
.position = .{ .x = 3, .y = 3, .z = 3 },
.target = .{ .x = 0, .y = y_center, .z = 0 }, // Center of cube
.up = .{ .x = 0, .y = 1, .z = 0 },
.fovy = 45, // Camera field-of-view Y
.projection = c.CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE,
};
 
c.SetTargetFPS(60);
 
while (!c.WindowShouldClose()) // Detect window close button or ESC key
{
c.UpdateCamera(&camera, c.CAMERA_ORBITAL);
 
c.BeginDrawing();
defer c.EndDrawing();
 
c.ClearBackground(if (dark_mode) c.BLACK else c.RAYWHITE);
{
c.BeginMode3D(camera);
defer c.EndMode3D();
{
c.rlPushMatrix();
defer c.rlPopMatrix();
c.rlTranslatef(0, y_center, 0);
c.rlRotatef(z_rot, 0, 0, 1);
c.rlRotatef(x_rot, 1, 0, 0);
c.DrawCubeWiresV(position, size, if (dark_mode) c.LIME else c.BLACK);
}
if (show_grid) c.DrawGrid(12, 0.75);
}
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
[[Category:Geometry]]