Bulls and cows: Difference between revisions
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{{works with|ALGOL 68|Standard - no extensions to language used}} |
{{works with|ALGOL 68|Standard - no extensions to language used}} |
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{{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release mk15-0.8b.fc9.i386}} |
{{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release mk15-0.8b.fc9.i386}} |
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{{works with|ELLA ALGOL 68|Any (with appropriate job cards) - tested with release 1.8.8d.fc9.i386}} |
{{works with|ELLA ALGOL 68|Any (with appropriate job cards) - tested with release 1.8.8d.fc9.i386}} |
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<lang algol>STRING digits = "123456789"; |
<lang algol>STRING digits = "123456789"; |
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Revision as of 10:36, 20 May 2009
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
This is an old game played with pencil and paper that was later implemented on computer.
The task is for the program to create a four digit random number from the digits 1 to 9, without duplication. The program should ask for guesses to this number, reject guesses that are malformed, then print the score for the guess.
The score is computed as:
- The player wins if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number, and the program ends.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in the guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in the guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
ALGOL 68
<lang algol>STRING digits = "123456789";
[4]CHAR chosen; STRING available := digits; FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
INT c = ENTIER(random*UPB available)+1; chosen[i] := available[c]; available := available[:c-1]+available[c+1:]
OD;
COMMENT print((chosen, new line)); # Debug # END COMMENT
OP D = (INT d)STRING: whole(d,0); # for formatting an integer #
print (("I have chosen a number from ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.", new line, "You need to input a ",D UPB chosen," digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen", new line));
PRIO WITHIN = 5, NOTWITHIN = 5; OP WITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: char in string(c,LOC INT,s); OP NOTWITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: NOT ( c WITHIN s );
INT guesses := 0, bulls, cows; WHILE
STRING guess;
guesses +:= 1;
WHILE
# get a good guess #
print((new line,"Next guess [",D guesses,"]: "));
read((guess, new line));
IF UPB guess NE UPB chosen THEN
FALSE
ELSE
BOOL ok;
FOR i TO UPB guess WHILE
ok := guess[i] WITHIN digits AND guess[i] NOTWITHIN guess[i+1:]
DO SKIP OD;
NOT ok
FI
DO
print(("Problem, try again. You need to enter ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9", new line))
OD;
- WHILE #
guess NE chosen
DO
bulls := cows := 0;
FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
IF guess[i] = chosen[i] THEN
bulls +:= 1
ELIF guess[i] WITHIN chosen THEN
cows +:= 1
FI
OD;
print((" ",D bulls," Bulls",new line," ",D cows," Cows"));
OD; print((new line, "Congratulations you guessed correctly in ",D guesses," attempts.",new line))</lang>
BASIC
<lang freebasic> DIM secret AS String DIM guess AS String DIM c AS String DIM AS Integer bulls, cows, guesses, i
RANDOMIZE DO WHILE LEN(secret) < 4
c = CHR$(INT(RND*10) + 48) IF INSTR(secret, c) = 0 THEN secret = secret+c
LOOP
guesses = 0 DO
INPUT "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "; guess IF LEN(guess) = 0 THEN EXIT DO
IF LEN(guess) <> 4 OR VAL(guess) = 0 THEN
PRINT "** You should enter 4 numeric digits!"
CONTINUE DO
END IF
bulls=0: cows=0: guesses = guesses+1
FOR i = 1 TO 4
c = MID$(secret, i, 1)
IF MID$(guess, i, 1) = c THEN bulls = bulls+1 ELSEIF INSTR(guess, c) THEN cows = cows+1 END IF
NEXT i PRINT bulls; " bulls, "; cows; " cows"
IF guess = secret THEN
PRINT "You won after "; guesses; " guesses!"
EXIT DO
END IF
LOOP </lang>
C
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdarg.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <stdbool.h>
- include <curses.h>
- include <string.h>
- define MAX_NUM_TRIES 72
- define LINE_BEGIN 7
- define LAST_LINE 18
int yp=LINE_BEGIN, xp=0;
char number[5]; char guess[5];
- define MAX_STR 256
void mvaddstrf(int y, int x, char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args; char buf[MAX_STR]; va_start(args, fmt); vsprintf(buf, fmt, args); move(y, x); clrtoeol(); addstr(buf); va_end(args);
}
void ask_for_a_number() {
int i=0; char symbols[] = "123456789";
move(5,0); clrtoeol();
addstr("Enter four digits: ");
while(i<4) {
int c = getch();
if ( (c >= '1') && (c <= '9') && (symbols[c-'1']!=0) ) {
addch(c);
symbols[c-'1'] = 0;
guess[i++] = c;
}
}
}
void choose_the_number() {
int i=0, j; char symbols[] = "123456789";
while(i<4) {
j = rand() % 9;
if ( symbols[j] != 0 ) {
number[i++] = symbols[j];
symbols[j] = 0;
}
}
}</lang>
The following function contains the code to check how many bulls and cows there are.
<lang c>bool take_it_or_not() {
int i; int cows=0, bulls=0;
for(i=0; i < 4; i++) {
if ( number[i] == guess[i] ) {
bulls++;
} else if ( strchr(number, guess[i]) != NULL ) {
cows++;
}
}
move(yp, xp);
addstr(guess); addch(' ');
if ( bulls == 4 ) { yp++; return true; }
if ( (cows==0) && (bulls==0) ) addch('-');
while( cows-- > 0 ) addstr("O");
while( bulls-- > 0 ) addstr("X");
yp++;
if ( yp > LAST_LINE ) {
yp = LINE_BEGIN;
xp += 10;
}
return false;
}
bool ask_play_again() {
int i;
while(yp-- >= LINE_BEGIN) {
move(yp, 0); clrtoeol();
}
yp = LINE_BEGIN; xp = 0;
move(21,0); clrtoeol();
addstr("Do you want to play again? [y/n]");
while(true) {
int a = getch();
switch(a) {
case 'y':
case 'Y':
return true;
case 'n':
case 'N':
return false;
}
}
}
int main()
{
bool bingo, again; int tries = 0;
initscr(); cbreak(); noecho(); clear();
number[4] = guess[4] = 0;
mvaddstr(0,0, "I choose a number made of 4 digits (from 1 to 9) without repetitions\n"
"You enter a number of 4 digits, and I say you how many of them are\n"
"in my secret number but in wrong position (cows or O), and how many\n"
"are in the right position (bulls or X)");
do {
move(20,0); clrtoeol(); move(21, 0); clrtoeol();
srand(time(NULL));
choose_the_number();
do {
ask_for_a_number();
bingo = take_it_or_not();
tries++;
} while(!bingo && (tries < MAX_NUM_TRIES));
if ( bingo )
mvaddstrf(20, 0, "You guessed %s correctly in %d attempts!", number, tries);
else
mvaddstrf(20,0, "Sorry, you had only %d tries...; the number was %s",
MAX_NUM_TRIES, number);
again = ask_play_again(); tries = 0; } while(again); nocbreak(); echo(); endwin(); return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>
- include <iostream>
- include <string>
- include <algorithm>
- include <cstdlib>
bool contains_duplicates(std::string s) {
std::sort(s.begin(), s.end()); return std::adjacent_find(s.begin(), s.end()) != s.end();
}
void game() {
typedef std::string::size_type index;
std::string symbols = "0123456789"; int const selection_length = 4;
std::random_shuffle(symbols.begin(), symbols.end());
std::string selection = symbols.substr(0, selection_length);
std::string guess;
while (std::cout << "Your guess? ", std::getline(std::cin, guess))
{
if (guess.length() != selection_length
|| guess.find_first_not_of(symbols) != std::string::npos
|| contains_duplicates(s))
{
std::cout << guess << " is not a valid guess!";
continue;
}
int bulls = 0;
int cows = 0;
for (index i = 0; i != selection_length; ++i)
{
index pos = selection.find(guess[i]);
if (pos == i)
++bulls;
else if (pos != std::string::npos)
++cows;
}
std::cout << bulls << " bulls, " << cows << " cows.\n";
if (bulls == selection_length)
{
std::cout << "Congratulations! You have won!\n";
return:
}
}
std::cerr << "Oops! Something went wrong with input, or you've entered end-of-file!\nExiting ...\n";
std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int main() {
std::cout << "Welcome to bulls and cows!\nDo you want to play? ";
std::string answer;
while (true)
{
while (true)
{
if (!std::getline(std::cin, answer))
{
std::cout << "I can't get an answer. Exiting.\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
if (answer == "yes" || answer == "Yes" || answer == "y" || answer == "Y")
break;
if (answer == "no" || answer == "No" || answer == "n" || answer == "N")
{
std::cout << "Ok. Goodbye.\n";
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
std::cout << "Please answer yes or no: ";
}
game();
std::cout << "Another game? ";
}
} </lang>
Fan
<lang Fan>
- Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
class BullsAndCows {
Void main()
{
digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
size := 4
chosen := [,]
size.times { chosen.add(digits.removeAt(Int.random(0..<digits.size))) }
echo("I've chosen $size unique digits from 1 to 9 at random.
Try to guess my number!")
guesses := 0
while (true) // game loop
{
guesses += 1
guess := Int[,]
while (true) // input loop
{
// get a good guess
Sys.out.print("\nNext guess [$guesses]: ")
Sys.out.flush
inString := Sys.in.readLine?.trim ?: ""
inString.each |ch|
{ if (ch >= '1' && ch <= '9' && !guess.contains(ch)) guess.add(ch-'0') }
if (guess.size == 4)
break // input loop
echo("Oops, try again. You need to enter $size unique digits from 1 to 9")
}
if (guess.all |v, i->Bool| { return v == chosen[i] })
{
echo("\nCongratulations! You guessed correctly in $guesses guesses")
break // game loop
}
bulls := 0
cows := 0
(0 ..< size).each |i|
{
if (guess[i] == chosen[i])
bulls += 1
else if (chosen.contains(guess[i]))
cows += 1
}
echo("\n $bulls Bulls\n $cows Cows")
}
}
} </lang>
Forth
<lang forth> include random.fs
create hidden 4 allot
- ok? ( str -- ? )
dup 4 <> if 2drop false exit then 1 9 lshift 1- -rot bounds do i c@ '1 - dup 0 9 within 0= if 2drop false leave then 1 swap lshift over and dup 0= if nip leave then xor loop 0<> ;
- init
begin hidden 4 bounds do 9 random '1 + i c! loop hidden 4 ok? until ;
- check? ( addr -- solved? )
0
4 0 do
over i + c@
4 0 do
dup hidden i + c@ = if swap
i j = if 8 else 1 then + swap
then
loop drop
loop nip
8 /mod tuck . ." bulls, " . ." cows"
4 = ;
- guess: ( "1234" -- )
bl parse 2dup ok? 0= if 2drop ." Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" exit then drop check? if cr ." You guessed it!" then ;
</lang>
init ok guess: 1234 1 bulls, 0 cows ok guess: 1567 1 bulls, 1 cows ok guess: 1895 2 bulls, 1 cows ok guess: 1879 4 bulls, 0 cows You guessed it! ok
Java
<lang java5>import java.util.InputMismatchException; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner;
public class BullsAndCows{ public static void main(String[] args){ Random gen= new Random(); int target= 0; while(hasDupes(target= (gen.nextInt(9000) + 1000))); String targetStr = target +""; boolean guessed = false; Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); int guesses = 0; do{ int bulls = 0; int cows = 0; System.out.print( "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "); int guess; try{ guess = input.nextInt(); if(hasDupes(guess)) continue; }catch(InputMismatchException e){ continue; } guesses++; String guessStr = guess + ""; for(int i= 0;i < 4;i++){ if(guessStr.charAt(i) == targetStr.charAt(i)){ bulls++; }else if(targetStr.contains(guessStr.charAt(i)+"")){ cows++; } } if(bulls == 4){ guessed = true; }else{ System.out.println(cows+" Cows and "+bulls+" Bulls."); } }while(!guessed); System.out.println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!"); }
public static boolean hasDupes(int num){ boolean[] digs = new boolean[10]; while(num > 0){ if(digs[num%10]) return true; digs[num%10] = true; num/= 10; } return false; } }</lang> Output:
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 5834 2 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 1234 1 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 4321 1 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3421 0 Cows and 1 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 8412 0 Cows and 0 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3560 1 Cows and 1 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3650 0 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3759 2 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3975 2 Cows and 2 Bulls. Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3957 You won after 10 guesses!
Perl
<lang perl>use strict; use Data::Random qw(rand_set);
my $size = 4; my $chosen = join("", rand_set( set => ["1".."9"], size => $size));
print "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n";
my $guesses = 0; my $guess; while(1) {
$guesses++;
while(1) {
print "\nNext guess [$guesses]: ";
$guess = <STDIN>;
chomp $guess;
if ( !checkguess($guess) ) {
print "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n";
} else { last; }
}
if ( $guess eq $chosen ) {
print "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n"; last;
} else {
my $bulls=0; my $cows=0; for my $i (0 .. $size-1) { if ( substr($guess, $i, 1) eq substr($chosen, $i, 1) ) { $bulls++; } elsif ( index($chosen, substr($guess, $i, 1)) >= 0 ) { $cows++; } } print "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n";
}
}
sub checkguess($) {
my $g = shift;
my %h = ();
for my $k ( split(//, $g) ) {
return 0 if exists $h{$k}; $h{$k} = 1;
}
return ( $g =~ /^[1-9]{4}$/ );
}</lang>
Python
<lang python>
Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
import random
digits = '123456789' size = 4 chosen = .join(random.sample(digits,size))
- print chosen # Debug
print I have chosen a number from %s unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a %i digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen % (size, size) guesses = 0 while True:
guesses += 1
while True:
# get a good guess
guess = raw_input('\nNext guess [%i]: ' % guesses).strip()
if len(guess) == size and \
all(char in digits for char in guess) \
and len(set(guess)) == size:
break
print "Problem, try again. You need to enter %i unique digits from 1 to 9" % size
if guess == chosen:
print '\nCongratulations you guessed correctly in',guesses,'attempts'
break
bulls = cows = 0
for i in range(size):
if guess[i] == chosen[i]:
bulls += 1
elif guess[i] in chosen:
cows += 1
print ' %i Bulls\n %i Cows' % (bulls, cows)</lang>
Sample output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen Next guess [1]: 79 Problem, try again. You need to enter 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 Next guess [1]: 7983 2 Bulls 2 Cows Next guess [2]: 7938 Congratulations you guessed correctly in 2 attempts
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>Object subclass: BullsCows [
|number|
BullsCows class >> new: secretNum [ |i|
i := self basicNew.
(self isValid: secretNum)
ifFalse: [ SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument
signalOn: secretNum
reason: 'You need 4 unique digits from 1 to 9' ].
i setNumber: secretNum.
^ i
]
BullsCows class >> new [ |b| b := Set new.
[ b size < 4 ]
whileTrue: [ b add: ((Random between: 1 and: 9) displayString first) ].
^ self new: (b asString)
]
BullsCows class >> isValid: num [
^ (num asSet size = 4) & ((num asSet includes: $0) not)
]
setNumber: num [ number := num ]
check: guess [ |bc| bc := Bag new.
1 to: 4 do: [ :i |
(number at: i) = (guess at: i)
ifTrue: [ bc add: 'bulls' ]
ifFalse: [
(number includes: (guess at: i))
ifTrue: [ bc add: 'cows' ]
]
].
^ bc
]
].
'Guess the 4-digits number (digits from 1 to 9, no repetition)' displayNl.
|guessMe d r tries| [
tries := 0.
guessMe := BullsCows new.
[
[
'Write 4 digits: ' display.
d := stdin nextLine.
(BullsCows isValid: d)
] whileFalse: [
'Insert 4 digits, no repetition, exclude the digit 0' displayNl
].
r := guessMe check: d.
tries := tries + 1.
(r occurrencesOf: 'bulls') = 4
] whileFalse: [
('%1 cows, %2 bulls' % { r occurrencesOf: 'cows'. r occurrencesOf: 'bulls' })
displayNl.
].
('Good, you guessed it in %1 tries!' % { tries }) displayNl.
'Do you want to play again? [y/n]' display.
( (stdin nextLine) = 'y' )
] whileTrue: [ Character nl displayNl ].</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>proc main {} {
fconfigure stdout -buffering none set length 4 puts "I have chosen a number from $length unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a $length digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
"
while true {
set word [generateWord $length]
set count 1
while {[set guess [getGuess $length]] ne $word} {
printScore $length $word $guess
incr count
}
puts "You guessed correctly in $count tries."
if {[yn "Play again?"] eq "n"} break
}
}
proc generateWord {length} {
set chars 123456789
for {set i 1} {$i <= $length} {incr i} {
set idx [expr {int(rand() * [string length $chars])}]
append word [string index $chars $idx]
set chars [string replace $chars $idx $idx]
}
return $word
# here's another way to generate word with no duplications
set word ""
while {[string length $word] < $length} {
set char [expr {int(1 + 9*rand())}]
if {[string first $char $word] == -1} {
append word $char
}
}
}
proc getGuess {length} {
puts -nonewline "Enter your guess: "
while true {
gets stdin guess
if {[string match [string repeat {[1-9]} $length] $guess]} {
return $guess
}
if {[string tolower [string trim $guess]] eq "quit"} {
puts Bye
exit
}
puts "The word must be $length digits between 1 and 9 inclusive. Try again."
}
}
proc printScore {length word guess} {
set bulls 0
set cows 0
for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} {
if {[string index $word $i] eq [string index $guess $i]} {
incr bulls
set word [string replace $word $i $i +]
}
}
puts " $bulls bulls"
for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} {
if {[set j [string first [string index $guess $i] $word]] != -1} {
incr cows
set word [string replace $word $j $j -]
}
}
puts " $cows cows"
}
proc yn {msg} {
while true {
puts -nonewline "$msg \[y/n] "
gets stdin ans
set char [string tolower [string index [string trim $ans] 0]]
if {$char eq "y" || $char eq "n"} {
return $char
}
}
}
main</lang>
Vedit macro language
<lang vedit> Buf_Switch(Buf_Free)
- 90 = Time_Tick // seed for random number generator
- 91 = 10 // random numbers in range 0 to 9
while (EOB_pos < 4) { // 4 digits needed
Call("RANDOM")
BOF Ins_Char(Return_Value + '0')
Replace("(.)(.*)\1", "\1\2", REGEXP+BEGIN+NOERR) // remove any duplicate
}
- 3 = 0
repeat (99) {
Get_Input(10, "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ", NOCR)
if (Reg_Size(10) == 0) { Break } // empty string = exit
Num_Eval_Reg(10) // check for numeric digits
if (Chars_Matched != 4) {
M("You should enter 4 numeric digits\n")
Continue
}
Goto_Pos(4) // count bulls
Reg_Ins(10, OVERWRITE)
#1 = Search("(.)...\1", REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR)
RS(10, "[", INSERT) // count cows RS(10, "]", APPEND) #2 = Search_Block(@10, 0, 4, REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR) - #1
#3++
NT(#1, NOCR) M(" bulls,") NT(#2, NOCR) M(" cows\n")
if (#1 == 4) {
M("You won after") NT(#3, NOCR) M(" guesses!\n")
Break
}
} Buf_Quit(OK) Return
//-------------------------------------------------------------- // Generate random numbers in range 0 <= Return_Value < #91 // #90 = Seed (0 to 0x7fffffff) // #91 = Scaling (0 to 0x10000)
- RANDOM:
- 92 = 0x7fffffff / 48271
- 93 = 0x7fffffff % 48271
- 90 = (48271 * (#90 % #92) - #93 * (#90 / #92)) & 0x7fffffff
Return ((#90 & 0xffff) * #91 / 0x10000) </lang>