99 bottles of beer
In this puzzle, write code to print out the entire "99 bottles of beer on the wall" song. For those who do not know the song, the lyrics follow this form:
X bottles of beer on the wall X bottles of beer Take one down, pass it around X-1 bottles of beer on the wall X-1 bottles of beer on the wall ... Take one down, pass it around 0 bottles of beer on the wall
Where X and X-1 are replaced by numbers of course. Grammatical support for "1 bottle of beer" is optional. As with any puzzle, try to do it in as creative/concise/comical a way as possible (simple, obvious solutions allowed, too).
See also: http://99-bottles-of-beer.net/
Ada
<ada>with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
procedure Bottles is begin for X in reverse 1..99 loop Put_Line(Integer'Image(X) & " bottles of beer on the wall"); Put_Line(Integer'Image(X) & " bottles of beer"); Put_Line("Take one down, pass it around"); Put_Line(Integer'Image(X - 1) & " bottles of beer on the wall"); New_Line; end loop; end Bottles;</ada>
BASIC
Sound
This version plays the tune 100 times while printing out the number of beers on the wall. <qbasic>PLAY "<" FOR i = 99 TO 0 STEP -1
PRINT i PLAY "e-8e-8e-8<b8b8b8>e-8e-8e-8e-4"'X bottles of beer on the wall PLAY "f8f8f8c8c8c8f4"'X bottles of beer PLAY "d4d8d8 N0 d8d8d8d4"'take one down, pass it around PLAY "<a+8a+8a+8>c8c8d8d+8d+8d+8d+4"'X-1 bottles of beer on the wall
NEXT i</qbasic>
Text
<qbasic>FOR x = 99 TO 1 STEP -1
PRINT x; "bottles of beer on the wall" PRINT x; "bottles of beer" PRINT "Take one down, pass it around" PRINT x-1; "bottles of beer on the wall" PRINT
NEXT x</qbasic>
C++
The simple solution
<c>#include<iostream>
- include <ostream>
using namespace std; int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
for(int x = 99;x>=1; --x){ cout<<x<<" bottles of beer on the wall\n"<<x<<" bottles of beer\n"; cout<<"Take one down, pass it around\n"<<x-1<<" bottles of beer on the wall\n\n"; }
}</c>
An object-oriented solution
Another solution, which in addition correctly handles the grammar. This solution is object-oiented. Of course that's completely overkill for this problem, but then, some people demand that code must be OO to be good. Oh, and the used OO itself may seem bloated as well, but then, OO is all about abstraction, isn't it? Therefore this is obviously the better solution! :-)
<c>#include <iostream>
- include <ostream>
- include <string>
- include <sstream>
namespace bottle_song {
// =================================================================
// *********************************** // * Abstract base class for things. * // ***********************************
class thing { public: // return the singular of the thing virtual std::string singular() const = 0;
// return the plural of the thing virtual std::string plural() const = 0;
// we need a virtual destructor, too virtual ~thing() {} };
// =================================================================
// *************** // * Containers. * // ***************
// Containers are things which can contain other things. The // following class makes any thing into a container. The container // class is actually a decorator which makes any thing into a // container. Note that the contained thing is actually mutable, // even if the container is not. Note that the container can only // contain a single thing; if it shall contain several things, make // it contain a collection instead.
class container: public thing { public: // The format gives the name. %self% is replaced by the containing // object's name (in proper pluralization), %contained% is // replaced by the contained object's name. container(std::string fmt, thing const& what, thing const& contained); std::string singular() const; std::string plural() const; private: std::string format; thing const& self; thing const& contained_thing; // helper function to replace strings static void replace(std::string& str, std::string from, std::string to); };
container::container(std::string fmt, thing const& what, thing const& contained): format(fmt), self(what), contained_thing(contained) { }
std::string container::singular() const { std::string result = format; replace(result, "%self%", self.singular()); replace(result, "%contained%", contained_thing.singular()); return result; }
std::string container::plural() const { std::string result = format; replace(result, "%self%", self.plural()); replace(result, "%contained%", contained_thing.singular()); return result; }
void container::replace(std::string& str, std::string from, std::string to) { std::string::size_type pos = str.find(from); if (pos != std::string::npos) str.replace(pos, from.length(), to); } // =================================================================
// ********************************* // * A collection of equal things. * // *********************************
// In the context of this program, a collection of things is again // considered a single thing. // This is a concrete class. class equal_collection: public thing { public: // constructor equal_collection(int count, thing const& what);
// get singular std::string singular() const;
// get plural. This has to be implemented, even if it isn't used, // because the inherited version is pure virtual, and not // implementing this would make the class abstract. std::string plural() const;
// this just returns whether thwere are still things left to take away. bool there_is_some_left();
// this takes one thing away from the collection. Taking a thing // away from an empty collection is undefined behaviour (i.e. not // explicitly checked). void take_one_away(); private: int count_of_things; thing const& type_of_thing; };
// equal_collection constructor equal_collection::equal_collection(int count, thing const& what): count_of_things(count), type_of_thing(what) { }
// get singular. The singular of the collection is just the number // followed by the thing, proper pluralized. The fact that it's // grammatically still a plural form doesn't matter for the problem // at hand. std::string equal_collection::singular() const { std::ostringstream oss; oss << count_of_things << " "; if (count_of_things == 1) oss << type_of_thing.singular(); else oss << type_of_thing.plural(); return oss.str(); }
// get plural. For collections, the plural is just "times " followed // by the singular. That is 3 collections of 4 bottles each give 3 // times 4 bottles. std::string equal_collection::plural() const { return "times " + singular(); }
// tell if there are still things to take away. There are things to // take away if there are more than 0 things. bool equal_collection::there_is_some_left() { return count_of_things > 0; }
// take one thing away from the collection. That is, just decrement // the count of things. void equal_collection::take_one_away() { --count_of_things; }
// =================================================================
// ************ // * The beer * // ************
class beer: public thing { public: std::string singular() const { return "beer"; } std::string plural() const { return "beers"; } };
// =================================================================
// ************** // * The bottle * // **************
class bottle: public thing { public: std::string singular() const { return "bottle"; } std::string plural() const { return "bottles"; } };
// =================================================================
// ************ // * The wall * // ************
class wall: public thing { public: std::string singular() const { return "wall"; } std::string plural() const { return "walls"; } };
// =================================================================
// this is the class for the song. class song { public: song(int bottle_count); void sing(std::ostream& where); // note: singing the song modifies it! private: beer beverage; bottle drink_source; container bottle_of_beer; equal_collection collection_of_bottles; wall bottle_storage; container wall_of_bottles; };
song::song(int bottle_count): bottle_of_beer("%self% of %contained%", drink_source, beverage), collection_of_bottles(bottle_count, bottle_of_beer), wall_of_bottles("%contained% on the %self%", bottle_storage, collection_of_bottles) { }
void song::sing(std::ostream& where) { while (collection_of_bottles.there_is_some_left()) { where << wall_of_bottles.singular() << ".\n" << collection_of_bottles.singular() << ".\n" << "Take one down, pass it around.\n"; collection_of_bottles.take_one_away(); where << wall_of_bottles.singular() << ".\n\n"; } }
}
int main() {
bottle_song::song song(100); song.sing(std::cout);
}</c>
Common Lisp
<lisp>(defun bottles (x)
(format t "~a bottles of beer on the wall~%" x) (format t "~a bottles of beer~%" x) (format t "Take one down, pass it around,~%") (format t "~a bottles of beer on the wall~%" (- x 1)) (if (> (- x 1) 0)
(bottles (- x 1))))</lisp>
and then just call
<lisp>(bottles 99)</lisp>
D
Uses a non-commutative operator to construct a narrative expression of 99-bottles song. <d>module nbottles ; import std.string ; import std.stdio ;
alias Exception NoMoreBottlesLeft ;
enum { // role
None = 0x0, // normal for OP and Term Taker = 0x1, // for OP that minus one bottlesLeft Viewer = 0x2, // for Term display bottlesLeft NewLine = 0x4, // for Term that sending a newline to IO
} class XP {
static string[] ones = ["","one","two","three","four", "five","six","seven","eight","nine"] ; static string[] tens = ["", "ten", "twenty","thirty","fourty", "fifty","sixty","seventy","eighty","ninty"] ; static string[] teens = ["","eleven","twelve","thirteen","fourteen", "fifteen","sixteen","seventeen","eighteen","nineteen"] ; static private int bottlesLeft = 99 ; static bool opCall() { if (bottlesLeft == 0) throw new NoMoreBottlesLeft("") ; return true ; } static string Cap(string s) { return toupper(s[0..1]) ~ s[1..$] ; } static string num2word(int i) { if (i == 0) return "No more" ; //return std.string.toString(i) ; string[2] digits ; int numTen = i / 10 ; int numOne = i % 10 ; if(i == 10) digits[1] = tens[1] ; else if(numTen == 0) digits[1] = ones[numOne] ; else if(numTen == 1) digits[1] = teens[numOne] ; else { digits[0] = tens[numTen] ; digits[1] = ones[numOne] ; } return Cap(strip(join(digits," "))) ; } static string getBottles() { string num = num2word(bottlesLeft) ; string pural = (bottlesLeft != 1) ? "s" : ""; return num ~ " bottle" ~ pural ; } string words ; int role ; this (string w, int r) { words = w, role = r ; } string getWord() { string postfix = " "; string word ; if (words is null) return "" ; else word = words ; if (role & Viewer) word = getBottles ; if (role & NewLine) postfix = "\n" ; return word ~ postfix ; }
} alias XP A_drunker_sings_a_song ;
class Term : XP {
this (string w = null, int r = None) { super(w, r) ; }
} class OP : XP {
this (string w = null, int r = None) { super(w, r) ; } OP opDiv_r(Term t) { if(role & Taker) A_drunker_sings_a_song.bottlesLeft-- ; writef(t.getWord) ; writef(getWord) ; return this ; } Term opDiv(Term t) { writef(t.getWord) ; return new Term ; }
}
void main() {
Term N_bottles = new Term("", Viewer) ; OP of = new OP("of") ; Term beer = new Term("beer") ; OP on = new OP("on") ; Term the_wall = new Term("the wall", NewLine) ; Term beer_ = new Term("beer", NewLine) ; Term Take = new Term("Take") ; OP one = new OP("one", Taker) ; Term down = new Term("down,") ; Term pass = new Term("pass") ; OP it = new OP("it") ; Term around = new Term("around", NewLine) ; Term the_wall_ = new Term("the wall\n", NewLine) ; try{ for(; A_drunker_sings_a_song(); N_bottles/of/beer/on/the_wall, N_bottles/of/beer_ , Take/one/down, pass/it/around, N_bottles/of/beer/on/the_wall_
) {} } catch (NoMoreBottlesLeft e) { writefln("Go buy more beer!") ; }
}</d>
Java
Console
<java>public class Beer{
public static void main(String[] args){ for(int x = 99;x>=1; --x) System.out.println(x+"bottles of beer on the wall\n"+x+"bottles of beer\n"+"Take one down, pass it around\n"+ (x-1)+"bottles of beer on the wall\n"); }
}</java>
GUI
This version requires user interaction. The first two lines are shown in a text area on a window. The third line is shown on a button which you need to click to see the fourth line in a message box. The numbers update and the process repeats until "0 bottles of beer on the wall" is shown in a message box, when the program ends. <java>import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; import javax.swing.JTextArea; public class Beer extends JFrame implements ActionListener{ private int x; private JButton take; private JTextArea text; public static void main(String[] args){ new Beer();//build and show the GUI }
public Beer(){ x= 99; take= new JButton("Take one down, pass it around"); text= new JTextArea(4,30);//size the area to 4 lines, 30 chars each text.setText(x + " bottles of beer on the wall\n" + x + " bottles of beer"); take.addActionListener(this);//listen to the button setLayout(new BorderLayout());//handle placement of components add(text, BorderLayout.CENTER);//put the text area in the largest section add(take, BorderLayout.SOUTH);//put the button underneath it pack();//auto-size the window setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//exit on "X" (I hate System.exit...) setVisible(true);//show it }
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0){ if(arg0.getSource() == take){//if they clicked the button --x; JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, x + " bottles of beer on the wall");//show a popup message text.setText(x + " bottles of beer on the wall\n" + x + " bottles of beer");//change the text } if(x == 0){//if it's the end dispose();//end } } }</java>
Python
<python>a, b, c, s = " bottles of beer", " on the wall\n", "Take one down, pass it around\n", str for i in [s(x)+a+b+s(x)+a+"\n"+c+s(x-1)+a+b for x in xrange(99, 0, -1)]: print i</python>