$T.HEL
$T.HEL
The $T.HEL is the HELp (documentation) for the $T.REX (REXX) program.
The $T command is used to display text to the console with various options,
some of which are: clearing the screen, specifing all (or parts of) text in hex,
showing the text in a box, writing the text to any line on the screen, sounding
the bell (alarm), typing blank lines before and/or after the text, showing
parenthesized portions in a brite white (or any color), or showing the text and
waiting for any key to be pressed (in CMS, the ENTER key must be used).
Note that colors and highlighting are supported under DOS (and/or under the
various Windows) if and only if the ANSI.SYS driver is installed.
╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ ║
║ $T yyy yyy yyy {.OOO=yyy} yyy yyy yyy ... ║
║ ║
║ ? ║
║ ?AUTHOR ║
║ ?FLOW R ║
║ ?SAMPLES ║
║ ║
╟──────────────── where .OOO is any or all of (note the uppercase): ────────╢
║ ║
║# blank lines typed after message .A=nn ║
║character used as a blank for .A .AB=c │ hh ║
║# of beeps (using the PC speaker) .B=nn ║
║char used for blockchr background .BB=c │ hh ║
║character(s) to use when blocking .BC=ccc │ 'hhhh'x ║
║duration in seconds for the beeps .BD=nnn │ nnn,nnn,nnn,... ║
║bin strings ───> char used in msg .BIN=bbbbbbbb │ bbbbbbbb,bbbbbbbb, ... ║
║frequency of the sound for beeps .BF=nnn │ nnn,nnn,nnn,... ║
║# lines used for blocked chars .BLOCK=nn ║
║draws a box around the message .BOX= │ cccccccc │ *NONE* ║
║# blanks between each blocked char .BS=nn ║
║specifies the color of the msg .C=color ║
║highlights, reverses, blinks, ... .D=disposition ║
║dec strings ───> char used in msg .DEC=nnn │ nnn,nnn,nnn,... ║
║# empty lines (also inside boxes) .E=nn ║
║character used as a blank for .E .EB=c │ hh ║
║like .F but doesn't build DIR tree .EF=fff │ fn,ft │ fn,ft,fm ║
║following .OOO opts to be in msg .END=1 ║
║also writes msg to a (disk) file .F=fff │ fn,ft │ fn,ft,fm ║
║highlight color of text inside () .H=color ║
║highlight color of text inside [] .H[]=color ║
║highlight color of text inside {} .H{}=color ║
║hex strings ───> char used in msg .HEX=hh │ hhhh │ hh,hh,hh,,,, ║
║indentation used by all messages .I=nn ║
║character used as a blank for .I .IB=c │ hh ║
║invert bits for ccc characters .INV=ccc ║
║left/center/right justification .J=A | L │ R │ C │ J │ N ║
║karate chop msg into smaller mgs .K=ccc │ 'hhhh'x ║
║destructive karate chops (delete) .KD=ccc │ 'hhhh'x ║
║# blank lines between chopped msgs .KS=nn ║
║character used as a blank for .KS .KSB=c │ hh ║
║which line on screen to write msg .L=nn │ M │ M+nn │ M-nn │ * │ *+nn │ *-nn║
║only write some lines or a line .O=nnn ║
║# blank lines preceeding message .P=nn ║
║character used as a blank for .P .PB=c │ hh ║
║supress typing, but not to disk .Q=1 ║
║a method of commenting $T options .REM=ccc ║
║# of times the msg is replicated .R=nnn ║
║show 1,2,3─line ruler bef│aft msg .RULER=* │ nnn │ -nnn │ +nnn ║
║char used as a blank in the ruler .RULERB=c │ hh ║
║supress writing of some/a line(s) .S=nnn ║
║show 1,2,3─line scale bef│aft msg .SCALE=* │ nnn │ -nnn │ +nnn ║
║char used as a blank in the scale .SCALEB=c │ hh ║
║char used as a dot in the scale .SCALED=c │ hh ║
║char used as a plus in tge scale .SCALEP=c │ hh ║
║# of times the message is written .T=nnn ║
║# blank lines between .T= writing .TS=nn ║
║character used as a blank for .TS .TSB=c │ hh ║
║uses the case specified for msg .U=A │ L │ M │ U ║
║character used as a blank in msg .UB =c │ hh ║
║use char as the dot for .OOO opts .USE=c │ hh ║
║translate all chars cc─>CC in msg .UT=ccCC │ 'hhhhhhhh'x ║
║how the msg is viewed (written) .V=Normal │ Reverse ║
║writes waitmsg and waits for input .W=waitmsg ║
║character used as a blank for .W .WB=c │ hh ║
║add eXtra blanks to the msg line .X=nn ║
║character used as a blank for .X .XB=c │ hh ║
║# seconds delay after writing msg .Z=nn ║
╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
───where all arguments are optional, and the .OPTION options must be
capitalized and prefixed by a period (.)
? shows this help file (press ESC to quit when viewing).
?AUTHOR shows the author of this program.
The author is shown in a yellow box (if color is supported), along
with the author's phone number and E-mail address.
?FLOW shows the external execution flow of this program.
?SAMPLES shows some sample uses (press ESC to quit when viewing).
yyy is a character string or strings that are to be displayed. It may be
ommitted (blank), in which case nothing is displayed. Imbedded
blanks are retained, but leading and trailing blanks are stripped (a
function of the operating system). Leading blanks can be "changed"
into imbedded blanks by prefixing the text with an superfous option.
I.E.: $T .A=0 yowsa!
Another way to specify leading blanks is to use the indent (.I=)
option, and trailing blanks can be specified via the .X= option.
Any characters of the value '00'x are translated to blanks.
───note that any .OOO letters before the equal sign (=) must be in uppercase.
.A=nn specifies the number of blank lines written after the message text is
displayed.
If nn is negative, the positive value of it is used to cause blank
lines to be written before the message also (this is in addition to
the .P value). nn can be from -99 ──> 99 (default is 0).
nn can also be specified as: * (screen depth)
*+nn (screen depth + nn)
*-nn (screen depth - nn)
M+nn (half screen +nn)
M-nn (half screen -nn)
*/nn (screen depth / nn), rounded
down
.AB=c
.AB=hh the character used as a blank for the .A option (displaying blank
lines after the text). It can be specified as a single character or
as a hexadecimal pair. The default is a blank.
.B=nn sounds the bell (beep) nn times before the text is shown.
There is a one─tenth second delay between multiple beeps.
nnn can be from -99 ──> 99, the default is 0.
If nn is negative, the bell is sounded nn times before and
after the message (the positive value of nn is used). There is
a one second delay after the text is displayed and before the "after"
beeps are sounded.
.BB=c
.BB=hh the character used for the background when the text is blocked (via
the .BLOCK= option). The default is a blank.
.BC=ccc
.BC='hhhh'x the character(s) to be used if the text is blocked (via the .BLOCK=
option). The default is to use the character that is being blocked.
The .BC character(s) are concatenated to itself to yield a string
long enough to match the (message) text specified.
.BD=nnn,nnn,nnn,...
.BD=nnn specifies the duration in seconds for the beep (sound).
nnn can be from .1 ──> 9 The default is .2 (seconds).
Multiple durations may be specified (for multiple frequencies.)
.BF=nnn,nnn,nnn,...
.BF=nnn specifies the frequency (of the sound) of the beep.
nnn can be from 1 ──> 20000 The default is 800 (hertz).
Multiple frequencies may be specified (with multiple durations).
.BIN=bbbbbbbb
.BIN=bbbbbbbb,bbbbbbbb,bbbbbbbb,...
.BIN=bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb is a binary string and bbbbbbbb should be binary
digits (only zeroes and ones). No leading, trailing, or imbedded
blanks are allowed within the binary string(s). Commas (,) may be
used for readability. The binary string is converted to a character
string.
Any number of .BIN= options may be specified.
.BLOCK=-nnn
.BLOCK=nnn if nnn is positive, it indicates the number of blocked lines to be
generated of the blocked (message) text.
If nnn is negative, it indicates to only display the (positive)
nth block text line. nnn can range from -1 to 12
The default is 0 (don't block the text).
.BOX=(none)
.BOX=(NONE) indicates that no box is to be used.
.BOX='HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH'X
.BOX="hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh"x
.BOX=cccccccc
.BOX= indicates the text is to be boxed (the text will have a leading and
trailing blank prefixed and appended to it to make the text easier to
read within the box). If the boxchars (cccccccc) are omitted, the
boxchars used are the ones used in this documention (see the first
part of this file). The number of boxchars can be from one to
eight (or sixteen, if specified in hexadecimal).
'hhhh...'x or "HHHH..."X are the boxcharacters specified in hex
where hh are pairs of hexadecimal digits (0──>9, a──>f, or A──>F)
the X suffix may be upper/lower case, hh can be in mixed case.
Note that either a paired single (') or double quote (") may be used.
If boxchars (cccccccc) are specified, the order of selection is:
1st character is the top left corner
2nd " " " top side
3rd " " " top right corner
4th " " " right side
5th " " " bottom right corner
6th " " " bottom side
7th " " " bottom right corner
8th " " " left side
If there are less than eight boxchars (cccccccc) specified, the last
character specified is used for the remainder of the boxchars. Thus,
a single plus sign (+) would be used for all eight sides of the box.
If there are leading blanks specified before the actual body of the
text, these blanks are paired on the right (end) of the text so as to
make the text in the box balanced.
.BS=nn spacing between each blocked character (of the message text, if the
text is blocked via the .BLOCK option). The default is 2.
nn can be from -11 to screenwidth, a negative value will cause
overlapping of blocked characters.
nn can also be specified as: * (screen width)
*+nn (screen width + nn)
*-nn (screen width - nn)
M+nn (half of width +nn)
M-nn (half of width -nn)
*/nn (screen width / nn), rounded
down
.C=color shows the text in color; the color specified must be capitalized and
be one of:
RED PINK GREEN TURQUOISE BLUE WHITE YELLOW GREY
DARKRED DARKPINK DARKGREEN DARKTURQUOISE DARKBLUE BRITE BROWN GRAY
CYAN can be used instead of TURQUOISE, and MAGENTA instead of PINK.
Note that some DOS color drivers don't support GRAY (shown in black).
If under CMS, all dark colors are shown as regular colors, and the
following colors are translated: brown ──> yellow
black ──> white
grey ──> white
Only the first 3 characters of any color need be specified, except
for the DARK colors, which need seven, and GREY which can't be
abbreviated (it would conflict with GREen).
Under DOS, $T expects the DOS EnvVar (environmental variable) SCREEN
to be set with up to three values (with blanks between the values):
foreground─color─code background─color─code text─attribute─code
These values are used to restore the screen colors after $T finishes
executing. If no SCREEN variables are set, then 37 40 0 is
assummed. Under CMS, screen colors are automatically restored.
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ fore─ back─ │
│ground ground color text attributes │
├──────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────┤
│ 30 40 black │ │
│ 31 41 dark red │ │
│ 32 42 dark green │ │
│ 33 43 dark yellow (brown) │ 0 reset (all attributes off) │
│ 34 44 dark blue │ │
│ 35 45 dark magenta │ 1 bold (or high─intensity color)│
│ 36 46 dark cyan │ │
│ 37 47 dark white (grey) │ 4 underscore (monochrome only) │
│ 1,31 1,41 red │ │
│ 1,32 1,42 green │ 5 blink │
│ 1,33 1,43 yellow │ │
│ 1,34 1,44 blue │ 7 reverse video │
│ 1,35 1,45 magenta │ │
│ 1,36 1,46 cyan │ 8 concealed (invisible) │
│ 1,37 1,47 white │ │
└──────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
.D=disposition where disposition is one of the capitalized following:
NONE ─── shows normal text.
REVVIDEO ─── shows reverse vidio text.
UNDERLIN ─── shows underlined text.
BLINK ─── shows blinking text.
BRITE ─── shows text in high intensity white.
HIGHL ─── shows parenthesized text in highlight (default is
BRITE (or high intensity white), or whatever
color is specified via the .H=color option). The
parenthesis used () are translated to blanks via this
process. Specifying any of the .H .H[] .H{}
options enables the .D=HIGHL option by default.
.DEC=ddd,ddd,ddd
.DEC=ddd is a decimal string (number) and ddd should be only decimal
digits. No leading, trailing, or imbedded blanks are allowed within
within the decimal number(s). Commas (,) may be used for
readability. The decimal string is converted to a character string.
Any number of .DEC= options may be specified.
.E=nn number of blank lines to be added before and after the text. The
lines will be "inside" the box if a box is generated. These blank
lines are in addition to (if any) the .A and .P lines.
nn can be from 0 ──> 99 (default is 0).
/hex=
nn can also be specified as: * (screen depth)
*+nn (screen depth + nn)
*-nn (screen depth - nn)
M+nn (half screen +nn)
M-nn (half screen -nn)
*/nn (screen depth / nn), rounded
down
.EB=c
.EB=hh the character used as a blank for the .E option (displaying blank
lines before and after the text. It can be specified as a single
character or as a hexadecimal pair. The default is a blank.
.EF=fff same as the .F=fff option, but if running under DOS, doesn't build
the directory structure (tree) if it doesn't exist.
.END=1 any .OOO= options following the .END=1 option are to be
treated as data, that is, they will appear as is in the message text.
.F=fff writes the text to the file specified (fff), in addition to typing.
Under CMS, the filename, filetype, and filemode (the ft and fm are
optional) should be seperated by commas (,).
The default for filetype is $T (for CMS).
The default for filemode is A1 (for CMS).
Error messages (if any) aren't written to the specified file.
Under DOS, the directory structure (tree) for the file is built if it
doesn't exist. All levels are created in need be.
.H=color specifies the color to be used when () highlighting is in effect (via
the .D=HIGHL option). If not specified, the default is BRITE.
Color for this highlighting is effected by placing some text within
parenthesis (). The .H= option enables the .D=HIGHL option.
.H[]=color specifies the color to be used when [] highlighting is in effect (via
the .D=HIGHL option). If not specified, the default is BRITE.
Color for this highlighting is effected by placing some text within
brackets []. The .H[]= option enables the .D=HIGHL option.
.H{}=color specifies the color to be used when {} highlighting is in effect (via
the .D=HIGHL option). If not specified, the default is BRITE.
Color for this highlighting is effected by placing some text within
braces {}. The .H{}= option enables the .D=HIGHL option.
.HEX=hh
.HEX=hh,hh,hh ...
.HEX=hhhh is a hexadecimal string and hh should be hexadecimal pair(s). The
hexadecimal characters may be in mixed case. No leading, trailing,
or imbedded blanks are allowed within the hexstring. Commas (,) may
be used for readability. The hexadecimal string is converted to a
character string.
Any number of .HEX= options may be specified.
.I=nn number of spaces all text is to be indented (this includes the box
(if a box is generated).
nn can be from 0 ──> 99, the default is 0.
nn can also be specified as: * (screen width)
*+nn (screen width + nn)
*-nn (screen width - nn)
M+nn (half of width +nn)
M-nn (half of width -nn)
*/nn (screen width / nn), rounded
down
.IB=c
.IB=hh the character used as a blank for the .I option (indentation). It
can be specified as a single character or as a hexadecimal pair.
The default is a blank.
.INV=ccc where ccc is any number of characters whose bit values are to be
inverted (that is, turn all 1's into 0's, and all 0's into 1's.
Any number of .INV= options may be specified.
.J=Any
.J=Left
.J=Right
.J=Center
.J=Justify
.J=None specifies the kind of justification. The default is .J=N (none)
In all cases of justification, indentation is performed (added) after
the justification process (this may cause truncation or croping).
All justifications are made within the screen width. Any text longer
or equal to the screen width isn't justified and left intact (asis).
In call cases below, the actual screen width (or length) is the
screen width minus one. The value may be in any case.
what blanks
.J= are stripped what the justification does
─── ──────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
A depends randomly chooses one of L, R, or C.
L leading abuts the text against the leftmost column
R trailing abuts the text against the rightmost column
C both places the text in the center of the line
J both inserts blanks between words so they fill the line
N none nothing, no justification is performed
.K='HHHH'X
.K='hhhh'x
.K=ccc where ccc is a character or characters which are used as chop the
text into smaller (multiple) text lines. The character(s) can be
thought of as line seperators or line feeds. The character string
is kept as part of the previous string. If a blank is desired
as the line sepeator, it must be specified in hexadecimal.
The string can also be specified as a hexadecimal character string.
This option can't be specified if the .KD= option is used.
.KD='HHHH'X
.KD='hhhh'x
.KD=ccc same as the .K= option, but the character(s) are removed from the
text.
This option can't be specified if the .KD= option is used.
.KS=nn number of "blank" lines displayed between lines of chopped message
text(s) (via the .K or .KD option).
nn can be from 0 ──> 99 (default is 0).
nn can also be specified as: * (screen depth)
*+nn (screen depth + nn)
*-nn (screen depth - nn)
M+nn (half screen +nn)
M-nn (half screen -nn)
*/nn (screen depth / nn), rounded
down
.KSB=c
.KSB=hh the character used as a blank for the .KS option (displaying blank
lines between chopped message texts. It can be specified as a single
character or as a hexadecimal pair. The default is a blank.
.L=nn where nn is the line on the screen that the text is to be shown,
and must be one of (capitalized if alphabetic):
nn line on screen, from 1 to the screen depth size.
* (same as LAST)
LAST indicates the last line on the screen.
CMSG indicates the CMS command line. The text is written to
the command line and then can be modified by the user and
the ENTER key can be pressed to enter the text as a command.
M indicates the middle of the screen (rounded down).
M+nn " " " " " " plus nn lines.
M-nn " " " " " " minus " "
*-nn " " last line " " minus " "
*/nn " " last line " " divided by nn (rounded
down)
A value of zero indicates to write the message normally.
.O=nnn type only nnn lines of text, even if more lines exist (or have been
generated), including blank lines. A value of 0 suppresses all
If nnn is negative, only the positive nnnTH line is typed.
Writting to disk (if any) is similarly affected.
nnn can be from -999 ──> 999, the default is * (same as 999).
.P=nn specifies the number of blank lines written previous to the
message text being displayed.
nn can be from -99 ──> 99 (default is 0).
nn can also be specified as: * (screen depth)
*+nn (screen depth + nn)
*-nn (screen depth - nn)
M+nn (half screen +nn)
M-nn (half screen -nn)
*/nn (screen depth / nn), rounded
down
.Q=1 suppress all typing (writing to the screen), but doesn't suppress
writing to a disk file (via the .F=fff option, see above).
The default is 0 (don't suppress typing).
.R=nn number of times the text is repeated (on one line). Each
nn can be from 0 ──> 99, the default is 0.
.REM=ccc string ccc is treated as a comment (remark). The string can't
have any blanks.
.RULER=*
.RULER=-nnn
.RULER=+nnn
.RULER=nnn width of a ruler line to be shown (typed) after the message.
A leading minus sign indicates the ruler is shown before the message.
A leading plus sign indicates the ruler is shown before and after
the message.
nnn can be from 0 ──> screenwidth, the default is 0, or it can
be specified as an asterisk (*) which indicates the screenwidth.
A value of 0 indicates no ruler is to be shown (the default is 0).
The ruler can be 1, 2, or 3 lines, depending upon how many digits
there are in the length of the ruler. The ruler generated isn't
indented, boxed, nor justified as with the other text messages.
The ruler may look like (say, for a width of 57):
1 2 3 4 5
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567
.RULERB=c
.RULERB=hh the character used as a blank for the ruler. It can be specified as
single character or as a hexadecimal pair.
The default is a blank.
.S=nnn number of lines that $T will suppress typing to the screen,
nnn can be from 0 or any positive or negative integer. The
default is zero.
If nnn is negative, it indicates that $T will only suppress
(positive) nnnTH line, all others aren't suppressed.
Writting to disk (if any) is similarly affected.
.SCALE=*
.SCALE=-nnn
.SCALE=+nnn
.SCALE=nnn width of a scale line to be shown (typed) after the message.
A leading minus sign indicates the scale is shown before the message.
A leading plus sign indicates the scale is shown before and after
the message.
nnn can be from 0 ──> screenwidth, the default is 0, or it can
be specified as an asterisk (*) which indicates the screenwidth.
A value of 0 indicates no scale is to be shown (the default is 0).
The scale can be 1, 2, or 3 lines, depending upon how many digits
there are in the length of the scale. The scale generated isn't
indented, boxed, nor justified as with the other text messages.
The scale may look like (say, for a width of 57):
1 2 3 4 5
....+....0....+....0....+....0....+....0....+....0....+..
.SCALEB=c
.SCALEB=hh the character used as a blank for the scale. It can be specified as
single character or as a hexadecimal pair.
The default is a blank.
.SCALED=c
.SCALED=hh the character used as a dot for the scale. It can be specified as
single character or as a hexadecimal pair.
The default is a dot (.) [period or decimal point].
.SCALEP=c
.SCALEP=hh the character used as a plus for the scale. It can be specified as
single character or as a hexadecimal pair.
The default is a plus sign (+) [period or decimal point].
.T=nn number of times the text is shown (typed).
nnn can be from 0 ──> screenwidth, the default is 1.
.TS=nn number of "blank" lines displayed between lines of text when .T is
greater than 1. The .EB character is used for a blank.
These lines are in addition to (if any) the .A .P and .E
blank lines.
nn can be from 0 ──> 99 (default is 0).
nn can also be specified as: * (screen depth)
*+nn (screen depth + nn)
*-nn (screen depth - nn)
M+nn (half screen +nn)
M-nn (half screen -nn)
*/nn (screen depth / nn), rounded
down
.TSB=c
.TSB=hh the character used as a blank for the .TS option (displaying blank
lines between "times" message texts. It can be specified as a single
character or as a hexadecimal pair. The default is a blank.
.V=N
.V=R views the msg (but not the box if one is drawn) in Normal or Reverse.
The default is .V=n ─ ─
.U=A uses the msg asis (no translation). The default is .U=A
.U=L uses the msg after translating it to lowercase.
.U=U uses the msg after translating it to uppercase.
.U=F uses the msg after translating the 1st character to uppercase, and
all other characters to lowercase.
.U=W uses the msg after translating the 1st character of every word to
uppercase, all other characters to lowercase.
.UB=c
.UB=hh the character used as a blank in the text. All blanks in the text
are translated to this character. It can be specified as a single
character or as a hexadecimal pair. The default is a blank.
.USE=c
.USE=hh the character to be used in subseqent .OOO= options.
It can be specified as a single character or as a hexadecimal pair.
The default is a decimal point (.) or dot.
.UT='hhhhhhh'x
.UT='HHHHHHH'x
.UT=ccCC are pairs of hexadecimal pairs or pairs of characters, the first part
of the pair is a character of the text that is to be translated to
the 2nd part of the pair. If any part of the pair(s) is a blank
(character), all characters must be specified in hex. Also, in DOS,
any console redirection characters should also be specified in hex,
such as the <, >, and | characters, as well as the usual terminal
control characters such as backspace, rub, line feed, tab, carriage
return, bell, escape, etc. (These are characters below '20'x).
.W= where waitmsg is the text to be shown and then waits for:
──>on DOS: any key to be pressed (cxcept for SHIFT, CTRL, ALT)
──>on CMS: the ENTER key to be pressed, or any PF or PA key pressed
If waitmsg is the character ▌ ('DD'x) then the following
text is shown: please press any key to continue ...
If waitmsg is the character ▐ ('DE'x) then the following
text is shown: please press the ENTER key to continue ...
.WB=c
.WB=hh the character used as a blank for the .W option (displaying a wait
message after the text is displayed. It can be specified as a
single character or as a hexadecimal pair. The default is a blank.
.X=nn number of extra blanks to append to the message (if positive), or
if negative, extra blanks are prefixed and appended to the text.
nn can be from -screenwidth ──> screenwidth, the default is 0.
nn can also be specified as: * (screen width)
*+nn (screen width + nn)
*-nn (screen width - nn)
M+nn (half width + nn)
M-nn (half width - nn)
*/nn (screen width / nn), rounded
down
.XB=c
.XB=hh the character used as a blank for the .X option (displaying blanks
after and/or before the text. It can be specified as a single
character or as a hexadecimal pair. The default is a blank.
.Z=nn number of seconds delay after the message text is typed.
nn can be from 0.0 ──> 99, the default is 0.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
One quirk with REXX/PC: if the last line written to the screen from a REXX
program is greater then the screen width, the 2nd part
of the text {i.e., the wrapped line(s)} is overwritten
by the REXX manager as part of its clean-up. Therefore,
to insure visual integrity of $T displayed text, if
the last line of $T's screen output is greater then
the screen width, an extra blank line is displayed.
Ω