Simple windowed application: Difference between revisions
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SYS "SetDlgItemText", !window%, 100, "Number of clicks = " + STR$(clicks%) |
SYS "SetDlgItemText", !window%, 100, "Number of clicks = " + STR$(clicks%) |
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ENDPROC</lang> |
ENDPROC</lang> |
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=={{header|Beads}}== |
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<lang Beads>beads 1 program simple title:'Simple windowed application' // written by CodingFiend |
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var g : record // global tracked mutable state |
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label : str |
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nclicks : num |
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======================== |
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calc main_init // our one time initialization for the program |
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g.label = "There have been no clicks yet" |
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g.nclicks = 0 |
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======================== |
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// In beads you subdivide the screen by slicing it horizontally or vertically |
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// so as to gradually break it down into pieces, some of which are drawn |
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horz slice main_draw // our main drawing function |
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under |
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draw_rect(fill:DARK_SLATE_GRAY) // fill entire screen |
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// slice the screen into 3 horz pieces, leaving 200 pt for our body |
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skip 10 al |
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add 200 pt main_draw2 |
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skip 10 al |
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vert slice main_draw2 // now take the middle horz slice, and slice it vertically |
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skip 10 al |
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add 50 pt draw_click_count |
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skip 2 al |
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add 80 px draw_button |
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skip 10 al |
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======================== |
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draw draw_click_count |
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draw_str(g.label, size:0.7, color:WHITE) |
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======================== |
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draw draw_button |
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draw_rect(fill:ORANGE, corner:20 pt, thick:2 pt, color:BROWN) |
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draw_str("Click me", size:40, indent:8 pt, color:BLACK) |
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------------------- |
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track EV_TAP |
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// update our click count |
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inc g.nclicks |
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g.label = to_str(g.nclicks)</lang> |
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=={{header|C}}== |
=={{header|C}}== |
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Revision as of 08:59, 8 March 2021
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- Task
Create a window that has:
- a label that says "There have been no clicks yet"
- a button that says "click me"
Upon clicking the button with the mouse, the label should change and show the number of times the button has been clicked.
AArch64 Assembly
<lang AArch64 Assembly> /* ARM assembly AARCH64 Raspberry PI 3B */ /* program simpleWin64.s link with X11 library */
/*******************************************/ /* Constantes file */ /*******************************************/ /* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly*/ .include "../includeConstantesARM64.inc"
/* constantes X11 */ .equ KeyPressed, 2 .equ ButtonPress, 4 .equ ClientMessage, 33 .equ KeyPressMask, 1 .equ ButtonPressMask, 4 .equ ButtonReleaseMask, 8 .equ ExposureMask, 1<<15 .equ StructureNotifyMask, 1<<17 .equ EnterWindowMask, 1<<4 .equ LeaveWindowMask, 1<<5
/*******************************************/ /* Structures */ /********************************************/ /* Button structure */
.struct 0
BT_cbdata:
.struct BT_cbdata + 8
BT_adresse:
.struct BT_adresse + 8
BT_GC:
.struct BT_GC + 8
BT_Font:
.struct BT_Font + 8
BT_fin: /***************************************************/ /* structure XButtonEvent */
.struct 0
XBE_type: //event type
.struct XBE_type + 8
XBE_serial: // No last request processed server */
.struct XBE_serial + 8
XBE_send_event: // true if this came from a SendEvent request */
.struct XBE_send_event + 8
XBE_display: // Display the event was read from
.struct XBE_display + 8
XBE_window: // "event" window it is reported relative to
.struct XBE_window + 8
XBE_root: // root window that the event occurred on
.struct XBE_root + 8
XBE_subwindow: // child window
.struct XBE_subwindow + 8
XBE_time: // milliseconds
.struct XBE_time + 8
XBE_x: // pointer x, y coordinates in event window
.struct XBE_x + 8
XBE_y:
.struct XBE_y + 8
XBE_x_root: // coordinates relative to root
.struct XBE_x_root + 8
XBE_y_root:
.struct XBE_y_root + 8
XBE_state: // key or button mask
.struct XBE_state + 8
XBE_button: // detail
.struct XBE_button + 8
XBE_same_screen: // same screen flag
.struct XBE_same_screen + 8
XBE_fin: /*******************************************/ /* Initialized data */ /*******************************************/ .data szRetourligne: .asciz "\n" szMessErreur: .asciz "Server X11 not found.\n" szMessErrfen: .asciz "Error create X11 window.\n" szMessErrGC: .asciz "Error create Graphic Context.\n" szMessErrButton: .asciz "Error create button.\n" szMessErrButtonGC: .asciz "Error create button Graphic Context.\n" szMessGoodBye: .asciz "There have been no clicks yet"
szTextButton: .asciz "Click me" szMessResult: .asciz "You clicked me @ times "
szLibDW: .asciz "WM_DELETE_WINDOW" // message close window
/*******************************************/ /* UnInitialized data */ /*******************************************/ .bss .align 4 qDisplay: .skip 8 // Display address qDefScreen: .skip 8 // Default screen address identWin: .skip 8 // window ident qCounterClic: .skip 8 // counter clic button sZoneConv: .skip 24 wmDeleteMessage: .skip 16 // ident close message stEvent: .skip 400 // provisional size
stButton: .skip BT_fin buffer: .skip 500
/**********************************************/ /* -- Code section */ /**********************************************/ .text .global main // program entry main:
mov x0,#0 // open server X
bl XOpenDisplay
cmp x0,#0
beq erreur
// Ok return Display address
ldr x1,qAdrqDisplay
str x0,[x1] // store Display address for future use
mov x28,x0 // and in register 28
// load default screen
ldr x2,[x0,#264] // at location 264
ldr x1,qAdrqDefScreen
str x2,[x1] //store default_screen
mov x2,x0
ldr x0,[x2,#232] // screen list
//screen areas
ldr x5,[x0,#+88] // white pixel
ldr x3,[x0,#+96] // black pixel
ldr x4,[x0,#+56] // bits par pixel
ldr x1,[x0,#+16] // root windows
// create window x11
mov x0,x28 //display
mov x2,#0 // position X
mov x3,#0 // position Y
mov x4,600 // weight
mov x5,400 // height
mov x6,0 // bordure ???
ldr x7,0 // ?
ldr x8,qBlanc // background
str x8,[sp,-16]! // argument fot stack
bl XCreateSimpleWindow
add sp,sp,16 // for stack alignement
cmp x0,#0 // error ?
beq erreurF
ldr x1,qAdridentWin
str x0,[x1] // store window ident for future use
mov x27,x0 // and in register 27
// Correction of window closing error
mov x0,x28 // Display address
ldr x1,qAdrszLibDW // atom name address
mov x2,#1 // False create atom if not exist
bl XInternAtom
cmp x0,#0
ble erreurF
ldr x1,qAdrwmDeleteMessage // address message
str x0,[x1]
mov x2,x1 // address atom create
mov x0,x28 // display address
mov x1,x27 // window ident
mov x3,#1 // number of protocoles
bl XSetWMProtocols
cmp x0,#0
ble erreurF
// authorization of seizures
mov x0,x28 // display address
mov x1,x27 // window ident
ldr x2,qFenetreMask // mask
bl XSelectInput
cmp x0,#0
ble 99f
// create Graphic Context
mov x0,x28 // display address
mov x1,x27 // window ident
bl createGC // GC address -> x26
cbz x0,erreurF
// create Graphic Context 1
mov x0,x28 // display address
mov x1,x27 // window ident
bl createGC1 // GC address -> x25
cbz x0,erreurF
// Display window
mov x1,x27 // ident window
mov x0,x28 // Display address
bl XMapWindow
ldr x0,qAdrszMessGoodBye // display text bl displayText
bl createButton // create button on screen
1: // events loop
mov x0,x28 // Display address
ldr x1,qAdrstEvent // events structure address
bl XNextEvent
ldr x0,qAdrstEvent // events structure address
ldr w0,[x0] // type in 4 first bytes
cmp w0,#ClientMessage // message for close window
beq 2f // yes -> end
cmp w0,#ButtonPress // clic mouse button
beq 3f
// other events
b 1b // and loop
2:
ldr x0,qAdrstEvent // events structure address ldr x1,[x0,56] // location message code ldr x2,qAdrwmDeleteMessage // equal ? ldr x2,[x2] cmp x1,x2 bne 1b // no loop mov x0,0 // end Ok b 100f //TODO: close ??
3:
ldr x0,qAdrstEvent // events structure address bl evtButtonMouse b 1b
erreurF: // error create window
ldr x0,qAdrszMessErrfen bl affichageMess mov x0,1 b 100f
erreur: // error no server x11 active
ldr x0,qAdrszMessErreur bl affichageMess mov x0,1
100: // program standard end
mov x8,EXIT svc 0
qBlanc: .quad 0xF0F0F0F0 qAdrqDisplay: .quad qDisplay qAdrqDefScreen: .quad qDefScreen qAdridentWin: .quad identWin qAdrstEvent: .quad stEvent qAdrszMessErrfen: .quad szMessErrfen qAdrszMessErreur: .quad szMessErreur qAdrwmDeleteMessage: .quad wmDeleteMessage qAdrszLibDW: .quad szLibDW qAdrszMessGoodBye: .quad szMessGoodBye qFenetreMask: .quad KeyPressMask|ButtonPressMask|StructureNotifyMask|ExposureMask|EnterWindowMask /******************************************************************/ /* create Graphic Context */ /******************************************************************/ /* x0 contains the Display address */ /* x1 contains the ident Window */ createGC:
stp x20,lr,[sp,-16]! // save registers mov x20,x0 // save display address mov x2,#0 mov x3,#0 bl XCreateGC cbz x0,99f mov x26,x0 // save GC mov x0,x20 // display address mov x1,x26 ldr x2,qRed // code RGB color bl XSetForeground cbz x0,99f mov x0,x26 // return GC b 100f
99:
ldr x0,qAdrszMessErrGC bl affichageMess mov x0,0
100:
ldp x20,lr,[sp],16 // restaur 2 registers ret // return to address lr x30
qAdrszMessErrGC: .quad szMessErrGC qRed: .quad 0xFF0000 qGreen: .quad 0xFF00 qBlue: .quad 0xFF qBlack: .quad 0x0 /******************************************************************/ /* create Graphic Context 1 */ /******************************************************************/ /* x0 contains the Display address */ /* x1 contains the ident Window */ createGC1:
stp x20,lr,[sp,-16]! // save registers mov x20,x0 // save display address mov x2,#0 mov x3,#0 bl XCreateGC cbz x0,99f mov x25,x0 // save GC mov x0,x20 // display address mov x1,x25 ldr x2,qBlanc // code RGB color bl XSetForeground cbz x0,99f mov x0,x25 // return GC1 b 100f
99:
ldr x0,qAdrszMessErrGC bl affichageMess mov x0,0
100:
ldp x20,lr,[sp],16 // restaur 2 registers ret // return to address lr x30
/******************************************************************/ /* create button on screen */ /******************************************************************/ createButton:
stp x21,lr,[sp,-16]! // save registers
// create button window
mov x0,x28 // display address
mov x1,x27 // ident window
mov x2,80 // X position
mov x3,150 // Y position
mov x4,60 // weight
mov x5,30 // height
mov x6,2 // border
ldr x7,qBlack
ldr x8,qBlanc // background
str x8,[sp,-16]! // argument fot stack
bl XCreateSimpleWindow
add sp,sp,16 // for stack alignement
cmp x0,#0 // error ?
beq 99f
ldr x21,qAdrstButton
str x0,[x21,BT_adresse] // save ident button
str xzr,[x21,BT_cbdata] // for next use
// autorisation des saisies
mov x0,x28 // display address
ldr x1,[x21,BT_adresse] // button address
ldr x2,qButtonMask // mask
bl XSelectInput
// create Graphic Contexte of button
mov x0,x28 // display address
ldr x1,[x21,BT_adresse] // button ident
mov x2,#0
mov x3,#0
bl XCreateGC
cmp x0,#0
beq 98f
str x0,[x21,BT_GC] // store GC
// display button
mov x0,x28 // display address
ldr x1,[x21,BT_adresse] // button address
bl XMapWindow
ldr x5,qAdrszTextButton // text address
mov x6,0 // text size
1: // loop compute text size
ldrb w10,[x5,x6] // load text byte cbz x10,2f // zero -> end add x6,x6,1 // increment size b 1b // and loop
2:
mov x0,x28 // display address ldr x1,[x21,BT_adresse] // button address ldr x2,[x21,BT_GC] // GC address mov x3,#8 // position x mov x4,#15 // position y bl XDrawString b 100f
98:
ldr x0,qAdrszMessErrButtonGC bl affichageMess b 100f
99:
ldr x0,qAdrszMessErrButton bl affichageMess
100:
ldp x1,lr,[sp],16 // restaur 2 registers ret // return to address lr x30
qAdrstButton: .quad stButton qAdrszTextButton: .quad szTextButton qAdrszMessErrButtonGC: .quad szMessErrButtonGC qAdrszMessErrButton: .quad szMessErrButton qButtonMask: .quad ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask|StructureNotifyMask|ExposureMask|LeaveWindowMask|EnterWindowMask
/******************************************************************/ /* display text on screen */ /******************************************************************/ /* x0 contains the address of text */ displayText:
stp x1,lr,[sp,-16]! // save registers mov x5,x0 // text address mov x6,0 // text size
1: // loop compute text size
ldrb w10,[x5,x6] // load text byte cbz x10,2f // zero -> end add x6,x6,1 // increment size b 1b // and loop
2:
mov x0,x28 // display address mov x1,x27 // ident window mov x2,x26 // GC address mov x3,#50 // position x mov x4,#100 // position y bl XDrawString
100:
ldp x1,lr,[sp],16 // restaur 2 registers ret // return to address lr x30
/******************************************************************/ /* events clic mouse button */ /******************************************************************/ /* x0 contains the address of event */ evtButtonMouse:
stp x1,lr,[sp,-16]! // save registers ldr x10,[x0,XBE_window] // windows of event ldr x11,qAdrstButton // load button ident ldr x12,[x11,BT_adresse] cmp x10,x12 // equal ? bne 100f // no bl eraseText // yes erase the text ldr x10,qAdrqCounterClic // load counter clic ldr x0,[x10] add x0,x0,1 // and increment str x0,[x10] ldr x1,qAdrsZoneConv // and decimal conversion bl conversion10 ldr x0,qAdrszMessResult ldr x1,qAdrsZoneConv bl strInsertAtCharInc // and insert result at @ character bl displayText // and display new text
100:
ldp x1,lr,[sp],16 // restaur 2 registers ret // return to address lr x30
qAdrqCounterClic: .quad qCounterClic qAdrsZoneConv: .quad sZoneConv qAdrszMessResult: .quad szMessResult /******************************************************************/ /* erase text */ /******************************************************************/ eraseText:
stp x1,lr,[sp,-16]! // save registers mov x0,x28 // display address mov x1,x27 // ident window mov x2,x25 // GC1 address mov x3,20 // position x mov x4,70 // position y mov x5,400 mov x6,50 bl XFillRectangle
100:
ldp x1,lr,[sp],16 // restaur 2 registers ret // return to address lr x30
/********************************************************/ /* File Include fonctions */ /********************************************************/ /* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly */ .include "../includeARM64.inc" </lang>
Ada
The following solution is based on bindings to GTK+. Ada as a language does not provide standard GUI. Apart from GtkAda, there exist numerous other GUI bindings and libraries: CLAW, AdaGLUT, GWindow, JEWL, win32ada, QtAda etc. <lang ada>with Gdk.Event; use Gdk.Event; with Gtk.Button; use Gtk.Button; with Gtk.Label; use Gtk.Label; with Gtk.Window; use Gtk.Window; with Gtk.Widget; use Gtk.Widget; with Gtk.Table; use Gtk.Table;
with Gtk.Handlers; with Gtk.Main;
procedure Simple_Windowed_Application is
Window : Gtk_Window; Grid : Gtk_Table; Button : Gtk_Button; Label : Gtk_Label; Count : Natural := 0;
package Handlers is new Gtk.Handlers.Callback (Gtk_Widget_Record);
package Return_Handlers is
new Gtk.Handlers.Return_Callback (Gtk_Widget_Record, Boolean);
function Delete_Event (Widget : access Gtk_Widget_Record'Class)
return Boolean is
begin
return False;
end Delete_Event;
procedure Destroy (Widget : access Gtk_Widget_Record'Class) is
begin
Gtk.Main.Main_Quit;
end Destroy;
procedure Clicked (Widget : access Gtk_Widget_Record'Class) is
begin
Count := Count + 1;
Set_Text (Label, "The button clicks:" & Natural'Image (Count));
end Clicked;
begin
Gtk.Main.Init;
Gtk.Window.Gtk_New (Window);
Gtk_New (Grid, 1, 2, False);
Add (Window, Grid);
Gtk_New (Label, "There have been no clicks yet");
Attach (Grid, Label, 0, 1, 0, 1);
Gtk_New (Button, "Click me");
Attach (Grid, Button, 0, 1, 1, 2);
Return_Handlers.Connect
( Window,
"delete_event",
Return_Handlers.To_Marshaller (Delete_Event'Access)
);
Handlers.Connect
( Window,
"destroy",
Handlers.To_Marshaller (Destroy'Access)
);
Handlers.Connect
( Button,
"clicked",
Handlers.To_Marshaller (Clicked'Access)
);
Show_All (Grid);
Show (Window);
Gtk.Main.Main;
end Simple_Windowed_Application;</lang>
APL
<lang APL>∇ WindowedApplication
⍝ define a form with a label and a button 'Frm'⎕WC'Form' 'Clicks' (40 35) (10 15) 'Lbl'Frm.⎕WC'Label' 'There have been no clicks yet.' (10 10) 'Btn'Frm.⎕WC'Button' 'Click Me' (35 35) (25 25) ('Event' 'Select' 'Click')
⍝ callback function Frm.Clicks←0 Frm.Click←{
Clicks+←1 p0←(1+Clicks=1)⊃'have' 'has' p1←(1+Clicks=1)⊃'clicks' 'click' Lbl.Value←'There ',p0,' been ',(⍕Clicks),' ',p1,'.'
}
∇</lang>
AutoHotkey
<lang Autohotkey>; Create simple windowed application
Gui, Add, Text, vTextCtl, There have been no clicks yet ; add a Text-Control Gui, Add, Button, gButtonClick xm, click me ; add a Button-Control Gui, Show, , Simple windowed application ; show the Window
Return ; end of the auto-execute section
ButtonClick: ; the subroutine executed each time the Button-Control is clicked
count++ ; increment the click-counting var GuiControl, , TextCtl, %count% ; update the Text-Control with the click-counting var
Return ; end of the subroutine
GuiClose: ; the subroutine executed when the Window is closed
ExitApp ; exit this process
Return</lang>
AutoIt
<lang AutoIt>
- include <ButtonConstants.au3>
- include <GUIConstantsEx.au3>
- include <StaticConstants.au3>
- include <WindowsConstants.au3>
- Region ### START Koda GUI section ###
Local $GUI = GUICreate("Clicks", 280, 50, (@DesktopWidth - 280) / 2, (@DesktopHeight - 50) / 2) Local $lblClicks = GUICtrlCreateLabel("There have been no clicks yet", 0, 0, 278, 20, $SS_CENTER) Local $btnClicks = GUICtrlCreateButton("CLICK ME", 104, 25, 75, 25) GUISetState(@SW_SHOW)
- EndRegion ### END Koda GUI section ###
Local $counter = 0
While 1 $nMsg = GUIGetMsg() Switch $nMsg Case $GUI_EVENT_CLOSE Exit
Case $btnClicks $counter += 1 GUICtrlSetData($lblClicks, "Times clicked: " & $counter) EndSwitch WEnd </lang>
B4J
<lang freebasic>
- Region Project Attributes
#MainFormWidth: 593 #MainFormHeight: 179
- End Region
Sub Process_Globals Private fx As JFX Private MainForm As Form Private btnClickMe As Button Private lblClickCounter As Label Private nClicks As Int = 0 Private aPlurals() As Object = Array As Object(Array As String("has","click"),Array As String("have","clicks")) End Sub
Sub AppStart (Form1 As Form, Args() As String) MainForm = Form1 MainForm.RootPane.LoadLayout("Layout1") 'Load the layout file. MainForm.Show End Sub
Sub btnClickMe_Action nClicks = nClicks + 1 Dim aPlural() As Object = aPlurals(IIF(nClicks=1,0,1)) lblClickCounter.Text = "There " & aPlural(0) & " been " & (nClicks) & " " & aPlural(1) & " so far." End Sub
Sub IIF(test As Boolean, trueVal As Object, falseVal As Object) As Object If test Then Return trueVal Else Return falseVal End If End Sub</lang>
Layout1.fxml (as B4J uses JavaFX's Scene Builder) <lang cfm> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import javafx.scene.text.*?> <?import java.lang.*?> <?import java.util.*?> <?import javafx.collections.*?> <?import javafx.scene.control.*?> <?import javafx.scene.image.*?> <?import javafx.scene.layout.*?> <?import javafx.scene.paint.*?> <?import javafx.scene.web.*?>
<AnchorPane id="paneMain" maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="179.0" prefWidth="593.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1">
<children>
<Button id="btnClickMe" layoutX="254.0" layoutY="90.0" mnemonicParsing="false" text="Click Me">
</Button>
<Label id="lblClickCounter" layoutX="162.0" layoutY="31.0" text="There have been no clicks as yet.">
</Label>
</children>
</AnchorPane> </lang>
BaCon
Requires BaCon version 4.0.1 or higher, using GTK3. <lang bacon>OPTION GUI TRUE PRAGMA GUI gtk3
gui = GUIDEFINE(" \
{ type=WINDOW name=window callback=delete-event title=\"Rosetta Code\" width-request=300 } \
{ type=BOX name=box parent=window orientation=GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL } \
{ type=LABEL name=label parent=box height-request=50 label=\"There have been no clicks yet\" } \
{ type=BUTTON name=button parent=box callback=clicked label=\"Click Me\" }")
WHILE TRUE
SELECT GUIEVENT$(gui)
CASE "window"
BREAK
CASE "button"
INCR clicked
CALL GUISET(gui, "label", "label", "Button clicks: " & STR$(clicked))
ENDSELECT
WEND</lang>
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> INSTALL @lib$+"WINLIB2"
INSTALL @lib$+"WINLIB5"
window% = FN_newdialog("Rosetta Code", 100, 100, 120, 52, 8, 1000)
PROC_static(window%, "There have been no clicks yet", 100, 10, 10, 100, 14, 0)
PROC_pushbutton(window%, "Click me", FN_setproc(PROCclick), 40, 30, 40, 16, 0)
PROC_showdialog(window%)
REPEAT
WAIT 1
UNTIL !window% = 0
QUIT
DEF PROCclick
PRIVATE clicks%
clicks% += 1
SYS "SetDlgItemText", !window%, 100, "Number of clicks = " + STR$(clicks%)
ENDPROC</lang>
Beads
<lang Beads>beads 1 program simple title:'Simple windowed application' // written by CodingFiend
var g : record // global tracked mutable state label : str nclicks : num
============
calc main_init // our one time initialization for the program g.label = "There have been no clicks yet" g.nclicks = 0
============
// In beads you subdivide the screen by slicing it horizontally or vertically // so as to gradually break it down into pieces, some of which are drawn horz slice main_draw // our main drawing function under draw_rect(fill:DARK_SLATE_GRAY) // fill entire screen
// slice the screen into 3 horz pieces, leaving 200 pt for our body skip 10 al add 200 pt main_draw2 skip 10 al
vert slice main_draw2 // now take the middle horz slice, and slice it vertically skip 10 al add 50 pt draw_click_count skip 2 al add 80 px draw_button skip 10 al
============
draw draw_click_count draw_str(g.label, size:0.7, color:WHITE)
============
draw draw_button draw_rect(fill:ORANGE, corner:20 pt, thick:2 pt, color:BROWN) draw_str("Click me", size:40, indent:8 pt, color:BLACK)
track EV_TAP // update our click count inc g.nclicks g.label = to_str(g.nclicks)</lang>
C
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
- include <gtk/gtk.h>
const gchar *clickme = "Click Me"; guint counter = 0;
- define MAXLEN 64
void clickedme(GtkButton *o, gpointer d) {
GtkLabel *l = GTK_LABEL(d); char nt[MAXLEN]; counter++; snprintf(nt, MAXLEN, "You clicked me %d times", counter); gtk_label_set_text(l, nt);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
GtkWindow *win; GtkButton *button; GtkLabel *label; GtkVBox *vbox;
gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
win = (GtkWindow*)gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_window_set_title(win, clickme);
button = (GtkButton*)gtk_button_new_with_label(clickme);
label = (GtkLabel*)gtk_label_new("There have been no clicks yet");
gtk_label_set_single_line_mode(label, TRUE);
vbox = (GtkVBox*)gtk_vbox_new(TRUE, 1);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox), GTK_WIDGET(label));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox), GTK_WIDGET(button));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(win), GTK_WIDGET(vbox));
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(win), "delete-event", (GCallback)gtk_main_quit, NULL);
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button), "clicked", (GCallback)clickedme, label);
gtk_widget_show_all(GTK_WIDGET(win));
gtk_main();
return 0;
}</lang>
C#
<lang csharp>using System.Windows.Forms;
class RosettaForm : Form {
RosettaForm()
{
var clickCount = 0;
var label = new Label();
label.Text = "There have been no clicks yet.";
label.Dock = DockStyle.Top;
Controls.Add(label);
var button = new Button();
button.Text = "Click Me";
button.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom;
button.Click += delegate
{
clickCount++;
label.Text = "Number of clicks: " + clickCount + ".";
};
Controls.Add(button);
}
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new RosettaForm());
}
} </lang>
C++
4.4 with source files as shown , built from a Makefile generated by the Qt tool qmake
clickcounter.h
<lang cpp>#ifndef CLICKCOUNTER_H
- define CLICKCOUNTER_H
- include <QWidget>
class QLabel ; class QPushButton ; class QVBoxLayout ;
class Counter : public QWidget {
Q_OBJECT
public :
Counter( QWidget * parent = 0 ) ;
private :
int number ; QLabel *countLabel ; QPushButton *clicker ; QVBoxLayout *myLayout ;
private slots :
void countClicks( ) ;
} ;
- endif</lang>
clickcounter.cpp
<lang cpp>#include <QPushButton>
- include <QLabel>
- include <QVBoxLayout>
- include "clickcounter.h"
Counter::Counter( QWidget * parent ) : QWidget( parent ) {
number = 0 ; countLabel = new QLabel( "There have been no clicks yet!" ) ; clicker = new QPushButton( "click me" ) ; connect ( clicker , SIGNAL( clicked( ) ) , this , SLOT( countClicks( ) ) ) ; myLayout = new QVBoxLayout ; myLayout->addWidget( countLabel ) ; myLayout->addWidget( clicker ) ; setLayout( myLayout ) ;
}
void Counter::countClicks( ) {
number++ ; countLabel->setText( QString( "The button has been clicked %1 times!").arg( number ) ) ;
}</lang>
main.cpp
<lang Cpp>#include <QApplication>
- include "clickcounter.h"
int main( int argc , char *argv[ ] ) {
QApplication app( argc , argv ) ; Counter counter ; counter.show( ) ; return app.exec( ) ;
}</lang>
Clojure
<lang clojure>(ns counter-window
(:import (javax.swing JFrame JLabel JButton)))
(defmacro on-action [component event & body]
`(. ~component addActionListener
(proxy [java.awt.event.ActionListener] []
(actionPerformed [~event] ~@body))))
(defn counter-app []
(let [counter (atom 0)
label (JLabel. "There have been no clicks yet")
button (doto (JButton. "Click me!")
(on-action evnt
(.setText label
(str "Counter: " (swap! counter inc)))))
panel (doto (JPanel.)
(.setOpaque true)
(.add label)
(.add button))]
(doto (JFrame. "Counter App")
(.setContentPane panel)
(.setSize 300 100)
(.setDefaultCloseOperation JFrame/EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
(.setVisible true))))
</lang>
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(defpackage #:rcswa
(:use #:clim #:clim-lisp))
(in-package #:rcswa)</lang>
This version uses CLIM's command system:
<lang lisp>(define-application-frame simple-windowed-application ()
((clicks :initform 0
:accessor clicks-of))
(:menu-bar t)
(:pane
(make-pane 'application-pane
:width '(40 :character)
:height '(3 :character)
:display-time :command-loop
:display-function
(lambda (pane stream)
(declare (ignore pane))
(format stream "~[There have been no clicks yet.~
~:;~:*There ~[have~;has~:;have~]~:* been ~R click~:P.~]"
(clicks-of *application-frame*))))))
(define-simple-windowed-application-command (com-click-me :menu t)
() (incf (clicks-of *application-frame*)))</lang>
This version uses an explicit pushbutton gadget, and may be used if more direct control over the UI layout and behavior is needed:
<lang lisp>(define-application-frame simple-windowed-application ()
((clicks :initform 0
:accessor clicks-of))
(:panes
(the-label :application
:width '(40 :character)
:height '(3 :character)
:display-time t
:display-function
(lambda (pane stream)
(declare (ignore pane))
(format stream "~[There have been no clicks yet.~
~:;~:*There ~[have~;has~:;have~]~:* been ~R click~:P.~]"
(clicks-of *application-frame*))))
(the-button :push-button
:label "Click Me"
:activate-callback
(lambda (button)
(declare (ignore button))
(incf (clicks-of *application-frame*))
(redisplay-frame-pane *application-frame*
(find-pane-named *application-frame* 'the-label)
:force-p t))))
(:layouts (default
(vertically (:equalize-width nil :align-x :center)
the-label
(spacing (:thickness 10) the-button)))))</lang>
In either case, the window is opened with:
<lang lisp>(run-frame-top-level (make-application-frame 'simple-windowed-application))</lang>
D
DFL
<lang d>module winapp ; import dfl.all ; import std.string ;
class MainForm: Form {
Label label ;
Button button ;
this() {
width = 240 ;
with(label = new Label) {
text = "There have been no clicks yet" ;
dock = DockStyle.TOP ;
parent = this ;
}
with(button = new Button) {
dock = DockStyle.BOTTOM ;
text = "Click Me" ;
parent = this ;
click ~= &onClickButton ;
}
height = label.height + button.height + 36 ;
}
private void onClickButton(Object sender, EventArgs ea) {
static int count = 0 ;
label.text = "You had been clicked me " ~ std.string.toString(++count) ~ " times." ;
}
}
void main() {
Application.run(new MainForm);
}</lang>
Hybrid
Hybrid uses config files to describe GUI layout. SimpleWindow.cfg:
import "themes/default.cfg"
new FramedTopLevelWindow main {
frame.text = "Simple Window";
new Label label {
text = "There have been no clicks yet";
}
new Button button {
text = "Click me";
size = 201 20;
}
}
SimpleWindow.d: <lang d>module SimpleWindow; import tango.text.convert.Integer; import tango.core.Thread; // For Thread.yield
import xf.hybrid.Hybrid; //For widgets and general API import xf.hybrid.backend.GL; // For OpenGL Renderer
void main() { //load config file scope cfg = loadHybridConfig(`./SimpleWindow.cfg`); scope renderer = new Renderer; auto counter = 0;
bool programRunning = true; while (programRunning) { // Tell Hybrid what config to use gui.begin(cfg); // Exit program if user clicks the Close button if (gui().getProperty!(bool)("main.frame.closeClicked")) { programRunning = false; } // Update text on the label if (counter != 0) Label("main.label").text = toString(counter); // Increment counter if the button has been clicked if (Button("main.button").clicked) { counter++; } // Finalize. Prepare to render gui.end(); // Render window using OpenGL Renderer gui.render(renderer);
Thread.yield(); } }</lang>
Delphi
Creating a "basic windowed application" in Delphi is quite simple. Start up the IDE and the default application is a single windowed app. This will have two files, the main project file "project1" and a unit file, "unit1". What I a going to do here is going to be somewhat different. I will do it all dynamically from the main "program file". Create this in any text editor and you can then either open it in the IDE to build it, or invoke the command line compiler. There is quite a bit going on behind the scenes with the VCL and the RTL.
Filename = SingleWinApp.dpr
NOTE: The project name here must match the name of the file.
<lang delphi>-- begin file --
Program SingleWinApp ; // This is the equivalent of the C #include Uses Forms, Windows, Messages, Classes, Graphics, Controls, StdCtrls ;
type
// The only reason for this declaration is to allow the connection of the
// on click method to the forms button object. This class declaration adds
// a procedure.
TMainForm class(tform)
Procedure AddClicks(sender : tObject);
end;
// Use these globals.
var
MainForm : tForm ;
aLabel : tLabel ;
aButton : tButton ;
i : integer = 0 ;
// This is the Method call that we connect to the button object
// to start counting the clicks.
Procedure tMainForm.AddClicks(sender :tObject)
begin
inc(i);
aLabel.Caption := IntToStr(i) + ' Clicks since startup' ;
end;
Begin
// Do all the behind the scenes stuff that sets up the Windows environment
Application.Initialize ;
// Create the form
// Forms can either be created with an owner, like I have done here, or with
// the owner set to Nil. In pascal (all versions of Borland) NIL is a
// reserved, (the equivalent of NULL in Ansi C) word and un-sets any pointer
// variable. Setting the owner to the application object will ensure that the form is
// freed by the application object when the application shuts down. If I had set
// the owner to NIL then i would have had to make sure I freed the form explicitly
// or it would have been orphaned, thus creating a memory leak.
// I must direct your attention to the CreateNew constructor. This is
// a non standard usage. Normally the constructor Create() will call this
// as part of the initialization routine for the form. Normally as you drop
// various components on a form in deign mode, a DFM file is created with
// all the various initial states of the controls. This bypasses the
// DFM file altogether although all components AND the form are created
// with default values. (see the Delphi help file).
MainForm := tMainForm.CreateNew(Application);
MainForm.Parent := Application ;
MainForm.Position := poScreenCenter ;
MainForm.Caption := 'Single Window Application' ;
// Create the Label, set its owner as MaiaForm
aLabel := tLabel.Create(mainForm);
aLabel.Parent := MainForm;
aLabel.Caption := IntToStr(i) + ' Clicks since startup' ;
aLabel.Left := 20 ;
aLabel.Top := MainForm.ClientRect.Bottom div 2 ;
// Create the button, set its owner to MainForm
aButton := tButton.Create(MainForm);
aButton.Parent := MainForm ;
aButton.Caption := 'Click Me!';
aButton.Left := (MainForm.ClientRect.Right div 2)-(aButton.Width div 2 );
aButton.Top := MainForm.ClientRect.Bottom - aButton.Height - 10 ;
aButton.OnClick := AddClicks ;
// Show the main form, Modaly. The ONLY reason to do this is because in this
// demonstration if you only call the SHOW method, the form will appear and
// disappear in a split second.
MainForm.ShowModal ;
Application.Run ;
end. // Program</lang>
E
<lang e>when (currentVat.morphInto("awt")) -> {
var clicks := 0
def w := <swing:makeJFrame>("Rosetta Code 'Simple Windowed Application'")
w.setContentPane(JPanel`
${def l := <swing:makeJLabel>("There have been no clicks yet.")} $\
${def b := <swing:makeJButton>("Click Me")}
`)
b.addActionListener(def _ {
to actionPerformed(_) {
clicks += 1
l.setText(`Number of clicks: $clicks`)
}
})
w.pack()
w.show()
}</lang>
EchoLisp
UI elements are HTML DOM Nodes. ui-add adds an element to the UI. ui-on-event adds a (Lisp) event handler to an element. <lang scheme> (define (ui-add-button text) ;; helper
(define b (ui-create-element "button" '((type "button")))) (ui-set-html b text) (ui-add b))
(define (panel )
(ui-clear) (define *clicks* 0) (define text (ui-create-element "span" '((style "font-weight:bold")))) (ui-add text) (ui-set-html text "No click yet")
(define btn (ui-add-button "Click-me"))
(define (count-clicks elem)
(++ *clicks*)
(ui-set-html text *clicks*))
(ui-on-click btn count-clicks)
(stdout-hide #t) (stdin-hide #t)) ;; end panel definition
(panel) </lang>
Elena
ELENA 5.0: <lang elena>import forms; import extensions;
public class MainWindow : SDIDialog {
Label lblClicks;
Button btmClickMe;
//Store how much clicks the user doed
int clicksCount;
constructor new()
<= new()
{
lblClicks := Label.new();
btmClickMe := Button.new();
clicksCount := 0;
self
.appendControl(lblClicks)
.appendControl(btmClickMe);
self.Caption := "Rosseta Code";
self.setRegion(100, 100, 160, 80);
lblClicks.Caption := "Clicks: 0";
lblClicks.setRegion(10, 2, 160, 20);
btmClickMe.Caption := "Click me";
btmClickMe.setRegion(7, 20, 140, 30);
btmClickMe.onClick := (args){ self.onButtonClick(); };
}
private onButtonClick()
{
clicksCount := clicksCount + 1;
lblClicks.Caption := "Clicks: " + clicksCount.toString();
}
}</lang>
Euphoria
EuWinGUI
<lang euphoria>include EuWinGUI.ew
Window("EuWinGUI - Simple windowed application",100,100,360,100) constant Button1 = Control(Button,"Click me",250,20,80,25) constant Label1 = Control(Label,"There have been no clicks yet",10,25,200,18)
integer clicks clicks = 0
-- Event loop while 1 do
WaitEvent()
if EventOwner = Button1 and Event = Click then
clicks += 1
SetText(Label1,sprintf("You clicked me %d times",clicks))
end if
end while
CloseApp(0)</lang>
F#
<lang fsharp>open System.Windows.Forms
let mutable clickCount = 0
let form = new Form()
let label = new Label(Text = "There have been no clicks yet.", Dock = DockStyle.Top) form.Controls.Add(label)
let button = new Button(Text = "Click me", Dock = DockStyle.Bottom) button.Click.Add(fun _ ->
clickCount <- clickCount+1 label.Text <- sprintf "Number of clicks: %i." clickCount)
form.Controls.Add(button)
Application.Run(form)</lang>
Factor
<lang factor>USING: accessors arrays kernel math math.parser namespaces sequences ui ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.borders ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.grids ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.worlds ; IN: rosetta-code.simple-windowed-application
SYMBOL: n
CONSTANT: on-btn-press [
parents second n get number>string <label> { 0 1 }
grid-add drop n inc
]
- build-ui ( -- ) [
f
T{ world-attributes { title "Simple windowed application" } }
clone
"click me" on-btn-press <border-button> 1array
"There have been no clicks yet" <label> 1array
2array <grid>
{ 100 100 } <border>
>>gadgets
open-window
] with-ui ;
- main ( -- ) 1 n set build-ui ;
MAIN: main</lang>
Fantom
<lang fantom> using fwt using gfx
class SimpleApplication {
public static Void main ()
{
Window
{
title = "Simple Window Application"
size = Size(350, 50)
clicked := 0
label := Label
{
text = "There have been no clicks yet"
}
Button
{
text = "Click me"
onAction.add |Event e|
{
clicked += 1
label.text = "There have been $clicked clicks"
}
},
label,
}.open
}
} </lang>
Forth
<lang forth>also minos text-label ptr click-label Variable click# click# off
- click-win ( -- ) screen self window new window with
X" There have been no clicks yet" text-label new
dup F bind click-label
^ S[ 1 click# +!
click# @ 0 <# #S s" Number of clicks: " holds #>
click-label assign ]S X" Click me" button new
&2 vabox new panel s" Clicks" assign show endwith ;
click-win</lang>
The same with Theseus
<lang forth>#! xbigforth \ automatic generated code \ do not edit
also editor also minos also forth
component class ccount public:
early widget early open early dialog early open-app text-label ptr click# ( [varstart] ) cell var clicks ( [varend] )
how:
: open new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Click counter" open-component ; : dialog new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Click counter" open-dialog ; : open-app new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Click counter" open-application ;
class;
ccount implements
( [methodstart] ) ( [methodend] )
: widget ( [dumpstart] )
X" There have been no clicks yet" text-label new ^^bind click#
^^ S[ 1 clicks +!
clicks @ 0 <# #S s" Number of clicks: " holds #> click# assign ]S ( MINOS ) X" Click me" button new
&2 vabox new panel ( [dumpend] ) ; : init ^>^^ assign widget 1 :: init ;
class;
- main
ccount open-app $1 0 ?DO stop LOOP bye ;
script? [IF] main [THEN] previous previous previous</lang>
FreeBASIC
<lang FreeBasic>
- Include "windows.bi"
Dim As HWND Window_Main, Static_Text, Button_Click Dim As MSG msg Dim As Integer Num_Click Dim As String Text
'Create a window with a static text control and a button: Window_Main = CreateWindow("#32770", "Simple Windowed Application", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW Or WS_VISIBLE, 100, 100, 350, 200, 0, 0, 0, 0) Static_Text = CreateWindow("STATIC", "There have been no clicks yet", WS_VISIBLE Or WS_CHILD Or WS_BORDER, 10, 30, 300, 20, Window_Main, 0, 0, 0) Button_Click = CreateWindow("BUTTON", "Click me", WS_VISIBLE Or WS_CHILD, 100, 70, 100, 20, Window_Main, 0, 0, 0)
'Windows message loop: Num_Click = 0 While GetMessage(@msg, Window_Main, 0, 0)
TranslateMessage(@msg)
DispatchMessage(@msg)
Select Case msg.hwnd
Case Button_Click
If msg.message = WM_LBUTTONDOWN Then
Num_Click = Num_Click + 1
If Num_Click = 1 Then
Text = "Button has been clicked once"
Else
Text = "Button has been clicked " + Str(Num_Click) + " times"
End If
SetWindowText(Static_Text, Text)
End If
Case Window_Main
If msg.message = WM_COMMAND Then End
End Select
Wend
End </lang>
Gambas
<lang gambas>iCount As Integer 'Counter of clicks! hLabel As Label 'We need a Label
Public Sub Form_Open() Dim hButton As Button 'We need a Button
With Me 'Set the Form's Properties..
.height = 75 'Set the Height .Width = 300 'Set the Width .Arrangement = Arrange.Vertical 'Arrange items vertically .Padding = 5 'Border area .Title = "Click counter!" 'Title displayed on the Form
End With
hlabel = New Label(Me) 'Add a Label to the form
With hlabel 'Set the Label's Properties..
.expand = True 'Expand the Label to fit the Form .Text = "There have been no clicks yet" 'Add Text to the Label .Alignment = Align.Center 'Center the Text
End With
hButton = New Button(Me) As "Button1" 'Add a Button to the form as Event "Button1"
With hButton 'Set the Button's Properties..
.Height = 28 'Set the Height .Text = "&Click me" 'Add Text (The '&' adds a keyboard shortcut)
End With
End
Public Sub Button1_Click() 'When the Button is clicked..
Inc iCount 'Increase the value of iCount hLabel.text = "The button has been clicked " & iCount & " times" 'Display the amount of clicks"
End</lang>
Gastona
<lang gastona>#javaj#
<frames> main, Simple click counter
<layout of main>
PANEL, X
bClick me, lClicks
- data#
<NN> 0 <lClicks> //There have been no clicks yet
- listix#
<-- bClick me>
NUM=, NN, NN+1
-->, lClicks data!,, //@<NN> clicks so far
</lang>
Go
<lang go>package main
import (
"fmt" "github.com/mattn/go-gtk/gtk"
)
func main() {
gtk.Init(nil)
window := gtk.NewWindow(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
window.SetTitle("Click me")
label := gtk.NewLabel("There have been no clicks yet")
var clicks int
button := gtk.NewButtonWithLabel("click me")
button.Clicked(func() {
clicks++
if clicks == 1 {
label.SetLabel("Button clicked 1 time")
} else {
label.SetLabel(fmt.Sprintf("Button clicked %d times",
clicks))
}
})
vbox := gtk.NewVBox(false, 1)
vbox.Add(label)
vbox.Add(button)
window.Add(vbox)
window.Connect("destroy", func() {
gtk.MainQuit()
})
window.ShowAll()
gtk.Main()
}</lang>
Groovy
<lang groovy>import groovy.swing.SwingBuilder
count = 0 new SwingBuilder().edt {
frame(title:'Click frame', pack: true, show: true) {
vbox {
countLabel = label("There have been no clicks yet.")
button('Click Me', actionPerformed: {count++; countLabel.text = "Clicked ${count} time(s)."})
}
}
}</lang>
with binding: <lang groovy>import groovy.swing.SwingBuilder import groovy.beans.Bindable
@Bindable class Model {
Integer count = 0
} model = new Model() new SwingBuilder().edt {
frame(title:'Click frame', pack: true, show: true) {
vbox {
label(text: bind(source: model, sourceProperty: 'count',
converter: { v -> !v ? "There have been no clicks yet." : "Clicked ${v} time(s)."}))
button('Click Me', actionPerformed: {model.count++})
}
}
}</lang>
Haskell
from HackageDB
<lang haskell>import Graphics.UI.Gtk import Data.IORef
main :: IO () main = do
initGUI window <- windowNew window `onDestroy` mainQuit windowSetTitle window "Simple Windowed App" set window [ containerBorderWidth := 10 ]
hbox <- hBoxNew True 5
set window [ containerChild := hbox ] lab <- labelNew (Just "There have been no clicks yet") button <- buttonNewWithLabel "Click me" set hbox [ containerChild := lab ] set hbox [ containerChild := button ] m <- newIORef 0
onClicked button $ do v <- readIORef m writeIORef m (v+1) set lab [ labelText := "There have been " ++ show (v+1) ++ " clicks" ]
widgetShowAll window
mainGUI</lang>
HicEst
<lang hicest> CHARACTER label="There have been no clicks yet"
DO count = 1, 1E100 ! "forever"
DLG(Button="Click me", Width=3, TItle=label) ! Width=3 to display full length label
label = "Clicked " // count // "time(s)"
ENDDO
END</lang>
Icon and Unicon
This version is Unicon-specific: <lang unicon>import gui $include "guih.icn"
procedure main()
SimpleWindow().show_modal()
end
class SimpleWindow : Dialog(label, button, count)
method component_setup()
self.set_attribs("size=222,139")
label := Label()
label.set_pos("24", "24")
label.set_internal_alignment("l")
label.set_label("There have been no clicks yet.")
self.add(label)
button := TextButton()
button.set_pos(24, 53)
button.set_label("click me")
button.set_internal_alignment("c")
button.connect(self, "incr", ACTION_EVENT)
self.add(button)
end
method incr()
/count := 0
label.set_label("There have been "||(count+:=1)||" clicks.")
end
initially
self.Dialog.initially()
end</lang>
IDL
<lang idl>pro counter, ev
widget_control, ev.top, get_uvalue=tst tst[1] = tst[1]+1 widget_control, tst[0], set_value="Number of clicks: "+string(tst[1],format='(i0)') widget_control, ev.top, set_uvalue=tst
end
id = widget_base(title = 'Window Title',column=1) ld = widget_label(id, value = 'There have been no clicks yet.') widget_control, /realize, id, set_uvalue=[ld,0] dummy = widget_button(id,value=' Click Me ',event_pro='counter') xmanager, "Simple", Id
end</lang>
J
J 8.x <lang j>SIMPLEAPP=: noun define pc simpleApp; cc inc button;cn "Click me"; cc shownText static;cn "There have been no clicks yet."; )
simpleApp_run=: verb define
wd SIMPLEAPP simpleApp_accum=: 0 NB. initialize accumulator wd 'pshow;'
)
simpleApp_inc_button=: verb define
wd 'set shownText text ','Button-use count: ',": simpleApp_accum=: >: simpleApp_accum
)
simpleApp_close=: wd bind 'pclose' simpleApp_cancel=: simpleApp_close
simpleApp_run</lang>
J 6.x <lang j>SIMPLEAPP=: noun define pc simpleApp; xywh 131 11 44 12;cc inc button;cn "Click me"; xywh 7 10 115 11;cc shownText static;cn "There have been no clicks yet."; pas 6 6;pcenter; rem form end; )
simpleApp_run=: verb define
wd SIMPLEAPP simpleApp_accum=: 0 NB. initialize accumulator wd 'pshow;'
)
simpleApp_inc_button=: verb define
wd 'set shownText *','Button-use count: ',": simpleApp_accum=: >: simpleApp_accum
)
simpleApp_close=: wd bind 'pclose' simpleApp_cancel=: simpleApp_close
simpleApp_run</lang>
Java
<lang java>import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.SwingUtilities; public class Clicks extends JFrame{ private long clicks = 0;
public Clicks(){ super("Clicks");//set window title JLabel label = new JLabel("There have been no clicks yet"); JButton clicker = new JButton("click me"); clicker.addActionListener(//listen to the button new ActionListener(){ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { label.setText("There have been " + (++clicks) + " clicks");//change the text } } ); setLayout(new BorderLayout());//handles placement of components add(label,BorderLayout.CENTER);//add the label to the biggest section add(clicker,BorderLayout.SOUTH);//put the button underneath it label.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300,100));//nice big label label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);//text not up against the side pack();//fix layout setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//stop the program on "X" setVisible(true);//show it } public static void main(String[] args){ SwingUtilities.invokeLater( //Swing UI updates should not happen on the main thread () -> new Clicks() //call the constructor where all the magic happens ); } }</lang>
JavaFX Script
<lang javafx>import javafx.stage.*; import javafx.scene.*; import javafx.scene.layout.*; import javafx.scene.control.*;
Stage {
scene: Scene {
width: 300 height: 200
content: VBox {
var clicks: Integer;
spacing: 10
content: [
Label {
def varText = bind if (clicks == 0) then "no clicks yet" else "{clicks} clicks"
text : bind "There have been {varText}"
}
Button {
text: "click me"
onMouseClicked: function(e) { clicks++; }
}
]
}
}
}</lang>
Julia
Uses the Gtk library. <lang julia> using Gtk.ShortNames
function clickwindow()
clicks = 0
win = Window("Click Counter", 300, 100) |> (Frame() |> (vbox = Box(:v)))
lab = Label("There have been no clicks yet.")
but = Button("click me")
push!(vbox, lab)
push!(vbox, but)
setproperty!(vbox, :expand, lab, true)
setproperty!(vbox, :spacing, 20)
callback(w) = (clicks += 1; setproperty!(lab, :label, "There have been $clicks button clicks."))
id = signal_connect(callback, but, "clicked")
c = Condition()
endit(w) = notify(c)
signal_connect(endit, win, :destroy)
showall(win)
wait(c)
end
clickwindow()
</lang>
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.0.6
import java.awt.BorderLayout import java.awt.event.ActionEvent import java.awt.event.ActionListener import javax.swing.*
class Clicks : JFrame(), ActionListener {
private var clicks = 0 private val label: JLabel private val clicker: JButton private var text: String
init {
text = "There have been no clicks yet"
label = JLabel(text)
clicker = JButton("click me")
clicker.addActionListener(this) // listen to the button
layout = BorderLayout() // handles placement of components
add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER) // add the label to the biggest section
add(clicker, BorderLayout.SOUTH) // put the button underneath it
setSize(300, 200) // stretch out the window
defaultCloseOperation = EXIT_ON_CLOSE // stop the program on "X"
isVisible = true // show it
}
override fun actionPerformed(arg0: ActionEvent) {
if (arg0.source == clicker) { // if they clicked the button
if (clicks == 0) text = "There has been " + (++clicks) + " click"
else text = "There have been " + (++clicks) + " clicks"
label.text = text // change the text
}
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
Clicks() // call the constructor where all the magic happens
}</lang>
<lang scala> import tornadofx.*
class ClicksView: View("Clicks example") {
var clicks = 0
override val root = vbox(5) {
var label1 = label("There have been no clicks yet")
button("Click me!") { action { label1.text = "Clicked ${++clicks} times." } }
}
}
class ClicksApp: App(ClicksView::class)
fun main(args: Array<String>) = launch<ClicksApp>(args) </lang>
Lambdatalk
The environment is a small wiki: http://epsilonwiki.free.fr/lambdaway/
The code is tested in this page: http://epsilonwiki.free.fr/lambdaway/?view=popup <lang Scheme> 1) the label: {div {@ id="label"} There have been no clicks yet } 2) the button: {input {@ type="button" value="click me" onclick="CLICKAPP.inc()" }} 3) the script: {script °° code °°} where code is a single function:
var CLICKAPP = (function() {
var counter = 0;
var inc = function() {
counter++;
getId('label').innerHTML =
'There are ' + counter + ' clicks now';
};
return {inc:inc}
})(); </lang>
Liberty BASIC
<lang lb>nomainwin
button #demo.btn, "Click Me", [btnClick], UL, 20, 50 statictext #demo.num, "There have been no clicks yet.", 20, 100, 240, 30 open "Rosetta Task: Simple windowed application" for window as #demo #demo "trapclose [quit]" nClicks = 0
wait
[quit]
close #demo
end
[btnClick]
nClicks = nClicks + 1 #demo.num "The button has been clicked ";nClicks;" times."
wait</lang>
Lingo
The standard approach in Lingo for creating GUIs and assigning scripts for handling user interaction is to use the graphical IDE/GUI-Builder "Director". But windows and sprites (visual elements) can also be created and scripted programmatically only: <lang lingo>on startMovie
-- window settings _movie.stage.title = "Hello World!" _movie.stage.titlebarOptions.visible = TRUE _movie.stage.rect = rect(0,0,320, 240) _movie.centerStage = 1
-- create a label (called "field" in Director)
m = new(#field)
m.name = "label"
m.rect = rect(0,0,320,0)
m.text = "There have been no clicks yet"
m.alignment = "center"
-- create sprite, assign field
_movie.puppetSprite(1, TRUE)
sprite(1).member = m
sprite(1).loc = point(0,80)
-- create a button
m = new(#button)
m.rect = rect(0,0,220,0)
m.text = "click me"
m.alignment = "center"
-- create sprite, assign button
_movie.puppetSprite(2, TRUE)
sprite(2).member = m
sprite(2).loc = point(50,105)
-- create new script at runtime, assign it to button sprite
m = new(#script)
m.scriptType = #score
m.scriptText = "on mouseDown"&RETURN&\
" m=member(""E&"label""E&")"&RETURN&\
" m.text=string(integer(m.text)+1)"&RETURN&\
"end"
sprite(2).scriptInstanceList.add(m.script.new())
-- force immediate update _movie.updateStage() -- show the window _movie.stage.visible = 1
end</lang>
Logo
<lang logo>to clickwindow windowCreate "root "clickWin [Click that button!!!] 0 0 100 100 [] Make "i 0 staticCreate "clickWin "clickSt [There have been no clicks yet] 0 0 100 20 buttonCreate "clickWin "clickBtn [click me] 10 20 80 20 ~ [Make "i :i+1 ~ ifelse :i=1 [staticUpdate "clickSt (list "clicked :i "time)] ~ [staticUpdate "clickSt (list "clicked :i "times)]] end</lang>
The window is opened with: <lang logo>clickwindow</lang>
Lua
<lang lua>require"iuplua" l = iup.label{title="There have been no clicks yet."} b = iup.button{title="Click me!"} clicks = 0 function b:button_cb()
clicks = clicks + 1 l.title = "There have been " .. clicks/2 .. " clicks so far." --yes, this is correct.
end dlg = iup.dialog{iup.vbox{l, b}, title="Simple Windowed Application"} dlg:show()
if (not iup.MainLoopLevel or iup.MainLoopLevel()==0) then
iup.MainLoop()
end</lang>
M2000 Interpreter
For labels M2000 window manager use Buttons with locked property to true. We can press enter because when the form open, default control is the Button1 (the second button we make). edit
For label1 we make a linked property, named Caption$ (we can use dot, so we can use label1.caption$). See that we make as second linked property for the same property but with a number (cap). How this is possible?
Μ2000 controls are internal COM objects and as those they can use Variant type properties and these properties can convert as they need. So if need a string and we pass a number then the number change to string.
<lang M2000 Interpreter>
Module CheckIt {
Declare Form1 Form
Declare Label1 Button Form Form1
Declare Button1 Button Form Form1
Method Label1,"move", 2000, 2000, 4000, 600
Method Button1,"move", 2000, 3000, 4000, 600
With Label1, "Caption" as caption$, "Locked", true, "Caption" as cap
With Button1, "Caption", "click me", "Default", True ' make this the default control
caption$="There have been no clicks yet"
m=0
Function Button1.Click {
m++
cap=m
}
Method Form1, "Show",1
Declare Form1 Nothing
} Checkit </lang>
Mathematica
<lang Mathematica>DynamicModule[{n = 0},
CreateDialog[{Dynamic@
TextCell@If[n == 0, "There have been no clicks yet", n],
Button["click me", n++]}]]</lang>
MAXScript
<lang maxscript>rollout buttonClick "Button Click" (
label l "There have been no clicks yet" button clickMe "Click me" local clickCount = 0
on clickMe pressed do
(
clickCount += 1
l.text = ("Number of clicks: " + clickCount as string)
)
) createDialog buttonClick</lang>
Modula-3
This code uses Trestle, a windowing toolkit developed for Modula-3. <lang modula3>MODULE Click EXPORTS Main;
IMPORT Fmt, TextVBT, ButtonVBT, VBT, Axis, HVSplit, TrestleComm, Trestle;
VAR label := TextVBT.New("There have been no clicks yet.");
button := ButtonVBT.New(TextVBT.New("Click me!"), Clicked);
main := HVSplit.Cons(Axis.T.Ver, label, button, adjustable := FALSE);
count := 0;
PROCEDURE Clicked(<*UNUSED*>button: ButtonVBT.T; <*UNUSED*>READONLY cd: VBT.MouseRec) =
BEGIN INC(count); TextVBT.Put(label, "Button pressed: " & Fmt.Int(count)); END Clicked;
<*FATAL TrestleComm.Failure*> BEGIN
Trestle.Install(main); Trestle.AwaitDelete(main);
END Click.</lang>
To compile the above code, you need to create a file called m3makefile which contains:
import("ui")
import("libm3")
implementation("Click")
program("Click")
Nanoquery
<lang nanoquery>import Nanoquery.Util.Windows
// define the necessary objects $w = new("Window") $b = new("Button") $l = new("Label")
$b.setParent($w) $l.setParent($w)
// define the amount of clicks $clicks = 0
// a function to update the label def updateLabel($caller, $event)
global $clicks
global $l
$clicks = $clicks+1
$l.setText(str($clicks))
global $clicks = $clicks
end
// prepare the components to be displayed $w.setSize(200,200) $b.setText("click me") $b.setPosition(0,100) $l.setText("There have been no clicks yet")
// set the button's event handler to the function updateLabel $b.setHandler($updateLabel)
// show the window $w.show()</lang>
Nim
<lang nim> import gtk2
var
win = windowNew WINDOW_TOPLEVEL button = buttonNew "Click me" label = labelNew "There have been no clicks yet" vbox = vboxNew(true, 1) counter = 0
proc clickedMe(o: var PButton, l: PLabel) =
inc counter l.setText "You clicked me " & $counter & " times"
nim_init() win.setTitle "Click me" vbox.add label vbox.add button win.add vbox discard win.signal_connect("delete-event", SignalFunc mainQuit, nil) discard button.signal_connect("clicked", SignalFunc clickedMe, label) win.showAll() main()</lang>
Objective-C
<lang objc>#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- include <AppKit/AppKit.h>
@interface ClickMe : NSWindow {
NSButton *_button; NSTextField *_text; int _counter;
} - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification *)notification; - (BOOL)applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed: (NSNotification *)notification; - (void)advanceCounter: (id)sender; @end</lang>
<lang objc>@implementation ClickMe : NSWindow -(instancetype) init {
NSButton *button = [[NSButton alloc] init]; [button setButtonType: NSToggleButton]; [button setTitle: @"Click Me"]; [button sizeToFit]; [button setTarget: self]; [button setAction: @selector(advanceCounter:)]; NSRect buttonRect = [button frame];
NSTextField *text = [[NSTextField alloc]
initWithFrame: NSMakeRect(buttonRect.origin.x, buttonRect.size.height, buttonRect.size.width, buttonRect.size.height)];
[text setAlignment: NSCenterTextAlignment]; [text setEditable: NO]; [text setStringValue: @"There have been no clicks yet"]; [text sizeToFit];
// reset size of button according to size of (larger...?) text [button setFrameSize: NSMakeSize( [text frame].size.width, buttonRect.size.height ) ];
int totalWindowHeight = buttonRect.size.height + [text frame].size.height; if ((self = [super initWithContentRect: NSMakeRect(100, 100,
[text frame].size.width, totalWindowHeight)
styleMask: (NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask)
backing: NSBackingStoreBuffered
defer: NO])) {
_counter = 0;
_button = button;
_text = text;
[[self contentView] addSubview: _text]; [[self contentView] addSubview: _button];
[self setTitle: @"Click Me!"]; [self center]; } return self;
}
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification *)notification
{
[self orderFront: self];
}
- (BOOL)applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed: (NSNotification *)notification {
return YES;
}
- (void)advanceCounter: (id)sender {
[_text setStringValue: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"Clicked %d times", ++_counter]];
} @end
int main()
{
@autoreleasepool {
NSApplication *app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
ClickMe *clickme = [[ClickMe alloc] init];
[app setDelegate: clickme];
[app run];
}
return 0;
}</lang>
OCaml
- with Labltk, the Tk OCaml binding:
<lang ocaml>#directory "+labltk"
- load "labltk.cma"
let () =
let top = Tk.openTk() in
Wm.title_set top "Tk-OCaml Example";
let label = Label.create ~text:"There have been no clicks yet" top in
let b =
Button.create
~text:"click me"
~command:(fun () -> Tk.closeTk (); exit 0)
top
in
Tk.pack [Tk.coe label; Tk.coe b];
Tk.mainLoop ();
- </lang>
- with LablGTK2, the GTK2 OCaml binding:
<lang ocaml>open GMain
let window = GWindow.window ~border_width:2 () let vbox = GPack.vbox ~packing:window#add () let label = GMisc.label ~text:"There have been no clicks yet" ~packing:vbox#pack () let button = GButton.button ~label:"click me" ~packing:vbox#pack ()
let () =
window#event#connect#delete ~callback:(fun _ -> true); window#connect#destroy ~callback:Main.quit; button#connect#clicked ~callback:window#destroy; window#show (); Main.main ()</lang>
ooRexx
<lang oorexx>/* REXX ***************************************************************************************
- 18.06.2014 Walter Pachl shortened from Rony Flatscher's bsf4oorexx (see sourceforge) samples
- Look there for ShowCount.rxj
- bsf4oorexx lets the ooRexx program use Java classes
- /
userData=.directory~new -- a directory which will be passed to Rexx with the event
-- create a framed Java window, set a title text
win=.bsf~new("java.awt.Frame", "Show Count")
-- Create a Java RexxProxy for controlling the closing of the application
rexxCloseEH =.RexxCloseAppEventHandler~new -- Rexx event handler
-- Create Java RexxProxy for the Rexx event handler
rpCloseEH=BsfCreateRexxProxy(rexxCloseEH,,"java.awt.event.WindowListener" ) win~addWindowListener(rpCloseEH) -- add RexxProxy event handler
-- create a Java push button
but=.bsf~new("java.awt.Button","Press me!")
-- Create a RexxProxy for the button Rexx event handler
rp=BsfCreateRexxProxy(.RexxShowCountEventHandler~new,userData,"java.awt.event.ActionListener") but~addActionListener(rp) -- add RexxProxy event handler
lab=.bsf~new("java.awt.Label") -- create a Java label,set it to show the text centered userData~label=lab -- save label object for later use in event handler lab~setAlignment(lab~center) -- set alignment to center lab~setText("Button was not yet pressed") -- assign initial text to the label
win ~~add("Center",lab) ~~add("South",but) -- add the label and the button to the frame win ~~pack -- now calculate all widget dimensions call enlargeWidth win,but,120 -- enlarge the width of the frame and the button
win ~~setVisible(.true) ~~toFront -- make frame visible and move it to the front
userData~i=0 -- set counter to 0
rexxCloseEH~waitForExit -- wait until we are allowed to end the program
-- if Java was loaded by Rexx,then terminate Java's RexxEngine to inhibit callbacks from Java call BSF.terminateRexxEngine
- requires BSF.CLS -- get Java support
/* enlarge the width of the frame and of the button without using a layout manager */
- routine enlargeWidth
use arg win,but,addToWidth winDim=win~getSize -- get frame's dimension winDim~width+=addToWidth -- increase width win~setSize(winDim) -- set frame's dimension
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* Rexx event handler to set "close app" indicator */
- class RexxCloseAppEventHandler
- method init -- constructor
expose closeApp closeApp = .false -- if set to .true, then it is safe to close the app
- attribute closeApp -- indicates whether app should be closed
- method unknown -- intercept unhandled events,do nothing
- method windowClosing -- event method (from WindowListener)
expose closeApp closeApp=.true -- indicate that the app should close
- method waitForExit -- method blocks until attribute is set to .true
expose closeApp guard on when closeApp=.true
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* Rexx event handler to process tab changes */
- class RexxShowCountEventHandler
- method actionPerformed
use arg eventObject,slotDir call showCount slotDir~userData
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
- routine ShowCount -- increment counter and show text
use arg userData
userData~i+=1 -- increment counter in directory object
Select -- construct text part
When userData~i=1 Then how_often='once'
When userData~i=2 Then how_often='twice'
When userData~i=3 Then how_often='three times'
Otherwise how_often=userData~i 'times'
End
userData~label~setText("Button was pressed" how_often) -- display text</lang>
Oz
<lang oz>functor import
Application QTk at 'x-oz://system/wp/QTk.ozf'
define
Count = {NewCell 0}
Label
GUI = td(action:proc {$} {Application.exit 0} end %% exit on close
label(text:"There have been no clicks yet." handle:Label) button(text:"Click Me" action:proc {$} Count := @Count + 1 {Label set(text:"Number of clicks: "#@Count#".")} end ))
Window = {QTk.build GUI}
{Window show}
end </lang>
Pascal
Ported from the C example. <lang pascal>Program SimpleWindowApplication;
uses
SysUtils, glib2, Gtk2;
const
clickme = 'Click Me'; MAXLEN = 64;
var
counter: integer = 0;
procedure clickedme(o: PGtkButton; d: pointer); cdecl;
var
nt: Pchar;
l: PGtkLabel;
begin
l := Gtk_LABEL(d);
inc(counter);
nt := Pchar('You clicked me ' + inttostr(counter) + ' times');
Gtk_label_set_text(l, nt);
end;
var
win: PGtkWindow; button: PGtkButton; Mylabel: PGtkLabel; vbox: PGtkVBox;
begin
Gtk_init(@argc, @argv);
win := PGtkWindow(Gtk_window_new(Gtk_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL));
Gtk_window_set_title(win, clickme);
button := PGtkButton(Gtk_button_new_with_label(clickme));
Mylabel := PGtkLabel(Gtk_label_new('There have been no clicks yet'));
Gtk_label_set_single_line_mode(Mylabel, TRUE);
vbox := PGtkVBox(Gtk_vbox_new(TRUE, 1));
Gtk_container_add(Gtk_CONTAINER(vbox), Gtk_WIDGET(Mylabel));
Gtk_container_add(Gtk_CONTAINER(vbox), Gtk_WIDGET(button));
Gtk_container_add(Gtk_CONTAINER(win), Gtk_WIDGET(vbox));
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(win), 'delete-event', TGCallBack(@Gtk_main_quit), NULL);
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button), 'clicked', TGCallBack(@clickedme), Mylabel);
Gtk_widget_show_all(Gtk_WIDGET(win));
Gtk_main();
end.</lang>
Perl
<lang perl>use Tk;
$main = MainWindow->new; $l = $main->Label('-text' => 'There have been no clicks yet.')->pack; $count = 0; $main->Button(
-text => ' Click Me ',
-command => sub { $l->configure(-text => 'Number of clicks: '.(++$count).'.'); },
)->pack; MainLoop();</lang>
<lang perl>use Gtk '-init';
- Window.
$window = Gtk::Window->new; $window->signal_connect('destroy' => sub { Gtk->main_quit; });
- VBox.
$vbox = Gtk::VBox->new(0, 0); $window->add($vbox);
- Label.
$label = Gtk::Label->new('There have been no clicks yet.'); $vbox->add($label);
- Button.
$count = 0; $button = Gtk::Button->new(' Click Me '); $vbox->add($button); $button->signal_connect('clicked', sub {
$label->set_text(++$count);
});
- Show.
$window->show_all;
- Main loop.
Gtk->main;</lang>
Phix
<lang Phix>-- demo\rosetta\Simple_window.exw include pGUI.e
Ihandle dlg, lbl, btn, vbox integer clicks = 0
function click_cb(Ihandle /*btn*/)
clicks += 1
IupSetStrAttribute(lbl,"TITLE","clicked %d times",{clicks})
return IUP_DEFAULT;
end function
IupOpen()
lbl = IupLabel("There have been no clicks yet")
btn = IupButton("Click me", Icallback("click_cb"))
vbox = IupVbox({lbl, IupHbox({IupFill(),btn,IupFill()})})
dlg = IupDialog(vbox,"MARGIN=10x10, GAP=10, RASTERSIZE=400x0")
IupSetAttribute(dlg, "TITLE", "Simple windowed application")
IupShow(dlg)
IupMainLoop()
IupClose()</lang>
The above is cross platform (win/lnx), 32/64 bit. On request, I have restored the following arwen version (win32-only).
The included demo\edita contains a window painter that lets you reposition/resize this very easily (alas the equivalent for the above is progressing rather leisurely).
<lang Phix>include arwen.ew
constant main = create(Window,"Simple windowed application",0,0,100,100,300,200, 0) constant label = create(Label, "There have been no clicks yet",0,main,10,10,250,30,0) constant btn = create(Button,"Click me",0,main,100,50,100,30,0) integer count = 0
function mainHandler(integer id, integer msg, atom /*wParam*/, object /*lParam*/)
if id=btn and msg=WM_COMMAND then
count += 1
setText(label,sprintf("clicked %d times",count))
end if
return 0
end function setHandler(btn,routine_id("mainHandler"))
WinMain(main,SW_NORMAL)</lang>
PicoLisp
The standard PicoLisp GUI is HTTP based. Connect your browser to http://localhost:8080 after starting the following script. <lang PicoLisp>#!/usr/bin/picolisp /usr/lib/picolisp/lib.l
(load "@ext.l" "@lib/http.l" "@lib/xhtml.l" "@lib/form.l")
(zero *Count)
(de start ()
(app)
(action
(html 0 "Clicks" NIL NIL
(form NIL
(gui '(+Init +TextField) "There have been no clicks yet")
(----)
(gui '(+JS +Button) "click me"
'(set> (field -1)
(pack "Clicked " (inc '*Count) " times") ) ) ) ) ) )
(server 8080 "!start") (wait)</lang>
Pike
<lang Pike>GTK2.Widget mainwindow,clickcnt,clicker; int clicks;
void click() {
clickcnt->set_text("Clicks: "+(++clicks));
}
int main() {
GTK2.setup_gtk();
mainwindow=GTK2.Window(GTK2.WindowToplevel);
mainwindow->set_title("Click counter");
mainwindow->add(GTK2.Vbox(0,10)
->add(clickcnt=GTK2.Label("There have been no clicks yet"))
->add(clicker=GTK2.Button("Click me"))
)->show_all();
mainwindow->signal_connect("delete_event",lambda() {exit(0);});
clicker->signal_connect("clicked",click);
return -1;
} </lang>
PowerShell
Windows Forms
<lang PowerShell> $Label1 = [System.Windows.Forms.Label]@{
Text = 'There have been no clicks yet'
Size = '200, 20' }
$Button1 = [System.Windows.Forms.Button]@{
Text = 'Click me'
Location = '0, 20' }
$Button1.Add_Click(
{
$Script:Clicks++
If ( $Clicks -eq 1 ) { $Label1.Text = "There has been 1 click" }
Else { $Label1.Text = "There have been $Clicks clicks" }
} )
$Form1 = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form $Form1.Controls.AddRange( @( $Label1, $Button1 ) )
$Clicks = 0
$Result = $Form1.ShowDialog() </lang>
<lang PowerShell> Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
$Label1 = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label $Label1.Text = 'There have been no clicks yet' $Label1.Size = '200, 20'
$Button1 = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button $Button1.Text = 'Click me' $Button1.Location = '0, 20'
$Button1.Add_Click(
{
$Script:Clicks++
If ( $Clicks -eq 1 ) { $Label1.Text = "There has been 1 click" }
Else { $Label1.Text = "There have been $Clicks clicks" }
} )
$Form1 = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form $Form1.Controls.AddRange( @( $Label1, $Button1 ) )
$Clicks = 0
$Result = $Form1.ShowDialog() </lang>
WPF
<lang PowerShell> [xml]$Xaml = @" <Window
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" x:Name = "Window1" Width = "200" Height = "120" ShowInTaskbar = "True"> <StackPanel> <Label x:Name = "Label1" Height = "40" Width = "200" Content = "There have been no clicks"/> <Button x:Name = "Button1" Height = "25" Width = "60" Content = "Click me"/> </StackPanel>
</Window> "@
$Window1 = [Windows.Markup.XamlReader]::Load( [System.Xml.XmlNodeReader]$Xaml )
$Label1 = $Window1.FindName( "Label1" ) $Button1 = $Window1.FindName( "Button1" )
$Button1.Add_Click(
{
$Script:Clicks++
If ( $Clicks -eq 1 ) { $Label1.Content = "There has been 1 click" }
Else { $Label1.Content = "There have been $Clicks clicks" }
} )
$Clicks = 0
$Result = $Window1.ShowDialog() </lang>
Prolog
Works with SWI-Prolog and XPCE. <lang Prolog>:- dynamic click/1.
dialog('Simple windowed application',
[ object :=
Simple_windowed_application, parts := [ Simple_windowed_application := dialog('Simple windowed application'), Name := label(name, 'There have been no clicks yet'), BtnClick := button(button) ], modifications := [ BtnClick := [ label := 'Click me !' ] ], layout := [ area(Name, area(40, 20, 200, 18)), area(BtnClick, area(90, 60, 80, 24)) ], behaviour := [ BtnClick := [message := message(@prolog, btnclick, Name)] ]
]).
btnclick(Label) :- retract(click(V)), V1 is V+1, assert(click(V1)), sformat(A, '~w click(s)', [V1]), send(Label, selection, A).
simple_windowed :- retractall(click(_)), assert(click(0)), make_dialog(D, 'Simple windowed application'), send(D, open).
</lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>Define window_0 Define window_0_Text_0, window_0_Button_1 Define clicks, txt$, flags
flags = #PB_Window_SystemMenu | #PB_Window_SizeGadget | #PB_Window_ScreenCentered window_0 = OpenWindow(#PB_Any, 408, 104, 280, 45, "Simple windowed application", flags) If window_0
SmartWindowRefresh(window_0, #True) window_0_Text_0 = TextGadget(#PB_Any, 5, 5, 165, 20, "There have been no clicks yet") window_0_Button_1 = ButtonGadget(#PB_Any, 190, 10, 85, 30, "Click me")
Repeat
Select WaitWindowEvent()
Case #PB_Event_Gadget
Select EventGadget()
Case window_0_Text_0
Case window_0_Button_1
clicks + 1
txt$ = "You Clicked " + Str(clicks) + " time"
If clicks > 1: txt$ + "s": EndIf
SetGadgetText(window_0_Text_0, txt$)
EndSelect
Case #PB_Event_CloseWindow
End
EndSelect
ForEver
EndIf</lang>
Python
<lang python>from functools import partial import tkinter as tk
def on_click(label: tk.Label,
counter: tk.IntVar) -> None:
counter.set(counter.get() + 1)
label["text"] = f"Number of clicks: {counter.get()}"
def main():
window = tk.Tk()
window.geometry("200x50+100+100")
label = tk.Label(master=window,
text="There have been no clicks yet")
label.pack()
counter = tk.IntVar()
update_counter = partial(on_click,
label=label,
counter=counter)
button = tk.Button(master=window,
text="click me",
command=update_counter)
button.pack()
window.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
</lang>
The same in OO manner: <lang python>import tkinter as tk
class ClickCounter(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
super().__init__(master)
tk.Pack.config(self)
self.label = tk.Label(self, text='There have been no clicks yet')
self.label.pack()
self.button = tk.Button(self,
text='click me',
command=self.click)
self.button.pack()
self.count = 0
def click(self):
self.count += 1
self.label['text'] = f'Number of clicks: {self.count}'
if __name__ == "__main__":
ClickCounter().mainloop()
</lang>
<lang python>from functools import partial from itertools import count
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication,
QLabel,
QPushButton,
QWidget)
from PyQt5.QtCore import QRect
LABEL_GEOMETRY = QRect(0, 15, 200, 25) BUTTON_GEOMETRY = QRect(50, 50, 100, 25)
def on_click(_, label, counter=count(1)):
label.setText(f"Number of clicks: {next(counter)}")
def main():
application = QApplication([])
window = QWidget()
label = QLabel(text="There have been no clicks yet",
parent=window)
label.setGeometry(LABEL_GEOMETRY)
button = QPushButton(text="click me",
parent=window)
button.setGeometry(BUTTON_GEOMETRY)
update_counter = partial(on_click,
label=label)
button.clicked.connect(update_counter)
window.show()
application.lastWindowClosed.connect(window.close)
application.exec_()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
</lang>
<lang python>import wx
class ClickCounter(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(parent=None)
self.count = 0
self.button = wx.Button(parent=self,
label="Click me!")
self.label = wx.StaticText(parent=self,
label="There have been no clicks yet")
self.Bind(event=wx.EVT_BUTTON,
handler=self.click,
source=self.button)
self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
self.sizer.Add(window=self.button,
proportion=1,
flag=wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer.Add(window=self.label,
proportion=1,
flag=wx.EXPAND)
self.SetSizer(self.sizer)
self.sizer.Fit(self)
def click(self, _):
self.count += 1
self.label.SetLabel(f"Count: {self.count}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = wx.App() frame = ClickCounter() frame.Show() app.MainLoop()
</lang>
R
gWidgetsRGtk2 or gWidgetsrJava can be used as an alternative to gWidgetstcltk. <lang r>library(gWidgets) library(gWidgetstcltk) win <- gwindow() lab <- glabel("There have been no clicks yet", container=win) btn <- gbutton("click me", container=win, handle=function(h, ...)
{
val <- as.numeric(svalue(lab))
svalue(lab) <- ifelse(is.na(val) ,"1", as.character(val + 1))
}
)</lang>
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket/gui
(define frame (new frame% [label "There have been no clicks yet"]))
(define num-clicks 0) (define (cb obj me)
(set! num-clicks (add1 num-clicks)) (send frame set-label (format "~a" num-clicks)))
(new button% [parent frame] [label "Click me"] [callback cb]) (send frame show #t) </lang>
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
<lang perl6>use GTK::Simple; use GTK::Simple::App;
my GTK::Simple::App $app .= new(title => 'Simple Windowed Application');
$app.size-request(350, 100);
$app.set-content(
GTK::Simple::VBox.new(
my $label = GTK::Simple::Label.new( text => 'There have been no clicks yet'),
my $button = GTK::Simple::Button.new(label => 'click me'),
)
);
$app.border-width = 40;
$button.clicked.tap: {
state $clicks += 1;
$label.text = "There has been $clicks click{ 's' if $clicks != 1 }";
}
$app.run;</lang>
RapidQ
RapidQ has form designer that produces RapidQ Basic source code. You can get the same result by writing the code yourself with a text editor. Then compile it either from within IDE or by using the command line compiler.
<lang rapidq>DECLARE SUB buttonClick
CREATE form AS QForm
Center Height = 120 Width = 300
CREATE text AS QLabel
Caption = "There have been no clicks yet."
Left = 30: Top = 20
END CREATE
CREATE button1 AS QButton
Caption = "Click me"
Left = 100: Top = 50: Height = 25: Width = 100
OnClick = buttonClick
END CREATE
END CREATE
SUB buttonClick
STATIC count AS Integer count = count+1 text.Caption = "Clicked " + STR$(count) + " times."
END SUB
form.ShowModal</lang>
REBOL
<lang REBOL>REBOL [ Title: "Simple Windowed Application" URL: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Simple_Windowed_Application ]
clicks: 0
- Simple GUI's in REBOL can be defined with 'layout', a
- special-purpose language (dialect, in REBOL-speak) for specifying
- interfaces. In the example below, I describe a gradient background
- with a text label and a button. The block in the button section
- details what should happen when it's clicked on -- increment the
- number of clicks and update the label text.
- The 'view' function paints the layout on the screen and listens for
- events.
view layout [ backdrop effect [gradient 0x1 black coal]
label: vtext "There have been no clicks yet."
button maroon "click me" [ clicks: clicks + 1 set-face label reform ["clicks:" clicks] ] ]</lang>
Ring
<lang ring> Load "guilib.ring"
MyApp = New qApp {
num = 0
win1 = new qWidget() {
setwindowtitle("Hello World")
setGeometry(100,100,370,250)
btn1 = new qpushbutton(win1) {
setGeometry(150,200,100,30)
settext("click me")
setclickevent("clickme()")}
Lineedit1 = new qlineedit(win1) {
setGeometry(10,100,350,30)}
show()}
Exec()}
func clickme
num += 1
lineedit1.settext( "you clicked me " + num + " times")
</lang> Output:
Ruby
<lang ruby>require 'tk' str = TkVariable.new("no clicks yet") count = 0 root = TkRoot.new TkLabel.new(root, "textvariable" => str).pack TkButton.new(root) do
text "click me"
command {str.value = count += 1}
pack
end Tk.mainloop</lang>
<lang ruby>Shoes.app do
stack do
@count = 0
@label = para "no clicks yet"
button "click me" do
@count += 1
@label.text = "click: #@count"
end
end
end</lang>
Run BASIC
<lang runbasic>msg$ = "There have been no clicks yet" [loop] cls ' clear screen print msg$ button #c, "Click Me", [clickMe] 'create a button with handle and goto [tag] wait
[clickMe] clicks = clicks + 1 msg$ = "Button has been clicked ";clicks;" times" goto [loop]</lang>
Rust
<lang Rust>use iced::{ // 0.2.0
button, Button, Column, Element, Length, Text, Sandbox, Settings, Space,
};
- [derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
struct Pressed; struct Simple {
value: i32, button: button::State,
}
impl Sandbox for Simple {
type Message = Pressed;
fn new() -> Simple {
Simple {
value: 0,
button: button::State::new(),
}
}
fn title(&self) -> String {
"Simple Windowed Application".into()
}
fn view(&mut self) -> Element<Self::Message> {
Column::new()
.padding(20)
.push({
let text = match self.value {
0 => "there have been no clicks yet".into(),
1 => "there has been 1 click".into(),
n => format!("there have been {} clicks", n),
};
Text::new(text).size(24)
}).push(
Space::with_height(Length::Fill)
).push(
Button::new(&mut self.button, Text::new("Click Me!"))
.on_press(Pressed)
).into()
}
fn update(&mut self, _: Self::Message) {
self.value += 1;
}
}
fn main() {
let mut settings = Settings::default(); settings.window.size = (600, 400); Simple::run(settings).unwrap();
}</lang>
Scala
<lang Scala>import scala.swing.{ BorderPanel, Button, Label, MainFrame, SimpleSwingApplication } import scala.swing.event.ButtonClicked
object SimpleApp extends SimpleSwingApplication {
def top = new MainFrame {
contents = new BorderPanel {
var nClicks = 0
val (button, label) = (new Button { text = "click me" },
new Label { text = "There have been no clicks yet" })
layout(button) = BorderPanel.Position.South
layout(label) = BorderPanel.Position.Center
listenTo(button)
reactions += {
case ButtonClicked(_) =>
nClicks += 1
label.text = s"There have been ${nClicks} clicks"
}
}
}
}</lang>
Sidef
<lang ruby>require('Gtk2') -> init
- Window.
var window = %s<Gtk2::Window>.new window.signal_connect('destroy' => { %s<Gtk2>.main_quit })
- VBox.
var vbox = %s<Gtk2::VBox>.new(0, 0) window.add(vbox)
- Label.
var label = %s<Gtk2::Label>.new('There have been no clicks yet.') vbox.add(label)
- Button.
var count = 0 var button = %s<Gtk2::Button>.new(' Click Me ') vbox.add(button) button.signal_connect('clicked' => {
label.set_text(++count)
})
- Show.
window.show_all
- Main loop.
%s<Gtk2>.main</lang>
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>|top clickCount lh button|
clickCount := 0. lh := ValueHolder with:'There have been no clicks yet'.
top := StandardSystemView label:'Rosetta Simple Window'. top extent:300@100. top add:((Label new labelChannel:lh) origin: 0 @ 10 corner: 1.0 @ 40). top add:((button := Button label:'Eat Me') origin: 10 @ 50 corner: 100 @ 80).
button action:[
clickCount := clickCount + 1.
lh value: ('number of clicks: %1' bindWith:clickCount)
].
top open</lang>
Standard ML
Works with PolyML <lang Standard ML>open XWindows ; open Motif ;
val countWindow = fn () =>
let
val ctr = ref 0;
val shell = XtAppInitialise "" "demo" "top" [] [XmNwidth 300, XmNheight 150 ] ;
val main = XmCreateMainWindow shell "main" [XmNmappedWhenManaged true ] ;
val frame = XmCreateForm main "frame" [XmNwidth 390, XmNheight 290 ] ;
val text = XmCreateLabel frame "show" [XmNlabelString "No clicks yet" ] ;
val buttn = XmCreateDrawnButton frame "press" [XmNwidth 75 , XmNheight 30 ,
XmNlabelString "Click me" ,
XmNbottomAttachment XmATTACH_POSITION,XmNbottomPosition 98 ] ;
val report = fn (w,c,t) =>
(XtSetValues text [XmNlabelString (Int.toString (ctr:= !ctr +1; !ctr)) ] ; t )
in
(
XtSetCallbacks buttn [ (XmNactivateCallback , report) ] XmNarmCallback ;
XtManageChildren [ text,buttn ] ;
XtManageChildren [ frame ] ;
XtManageChild main ;
XtRealizeWidget shell
)
end; </lang> call
countWindow () ;
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tk pack [label .l -text "There have been no clicks yet"] set count 0 pack [button .b -text "click me" -command upd] proc upd {} {
.l configure -text "Number of clicks: [incr ::count]"
}</lang>
TI-89 BASIC
The Ti-89 does not have general onscreen buttons; this program uses the OK/Cancel choice of a dialog box to implement the UI.
<lang ti89b>Prgm
Local clicks
0 → clicks
1 → ok © System variable also set by Dialog statement
While ok = 1
Dialog
Title "Rosetta Code"
Text "There have been " & string(clicks) & " OKs"
EndDlog
clicks + 1 → clicks
EndWhile
EndPrgm</lang>
Unicon
<lang unicon> import gui $include "guih.icn"
class SimpleApp : Dialog (label)
# -- automatically called when the dialog is created
method component_setup()
# create and add the label
label := Label("label=There have been no clicks yet","pos=50%,33%", "align=c,c")
add (label)
# create and add the button
button := TextButton("label=Click me", "pos=50%,66%", "align=c,c")
button.connect(self, "clicked", ACTION_EVENT)
add (button)
# some cosmetic settings for the window
attrib("size=180,70", "bg=light gray")
end
method clicked ()
static count := 0
count +:= 1
label.set_label ("Clicked " || count || " times")
end
end
procedure main()
local d := SimpleApp () d.show_modal()
end </lang>
Vedit macro language
<lang vedit>Reg_Set(10, "There have been no clicks yet")
- 1 = 0
repeat (ALL) {
#2 = Dialog_Input_1(3, "`Simple Windowed Application`,
`|@(10)`,
`[&Click me]`,`[&Exit]`",
APP+CENTER, 0, 0)
if (#2 != 1) { break } // ESC or Exit
#1++
Num_Str(#1, 10)
Reg_Set(10, "Clicked", INSERT)
Reg_Set(10, " times", APPEND)
}</lang>
Visual Basic
In VB, windows are usually created in the IDE. The generated code is hidden from the user unless viewed outside of VB. For the sake of this task, I have included that code, but normally it is hidden from the programmer.
<lang vb>VERSION 5.00 Begin VB.Form Form2
Caption = "There have been no clicks yet"
ClientHeight = 2940
ClientLeft = 60
ClientTop = 600
ClientWidth = 8340
LinkTopic = "Form1"
ScaleHeight = 2940
ScaleWidth = 8340
StartUpPosition = 3 'Windows Default
Begin VB.CommandButton Command1
Caption = "Click me!"
Height = 495
Left = 3600
TabIndex = 0
Top = 1200
Width = 1215
End
End Attribute VB_Name = "Form1" Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False Attribute VB_Creatable = False Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True Attribute VB_Exposed = False '-----user-written code begins here; everything above this line is hidden in the GUI----- Private clicked As Long
Private Sub Command1_Click()
clicked = clicked + 1 Me.Caption = clicked & " clicks."
End Sub </lang>
Web 68
<lang web68>@1Introduction. This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the Licence, or (at your option) any later version.
Copyright (c) 2012 Sian Mountbatten.
@m cvs simpleapp = "$Id: $"
@a@<Prelude@> BEGIN @<Included declarations@> @<Plain values in the outer reach@> @<Names in the outer reach@> @<Procedures in the outer reach@> @<Logic in the outer reach@> END @<Postlude@>
@ The local compiler requires a special prelude.@^system dependencies@>
@<Prel...@>= PROGRAM simpleapp CONTEXT VOID USE @<Library preludes@>
@ And a special postlude.@^system dependencies@>
@<Post...@>= FINISH
@ The program requires the predefined forms and the standard prelude.
@<Library...@>= simpleapp fd,standard
@ This Web 68 file provides the Xforms prelude.
@iforms.w@>
@1Initialisation. The initial processing consists of initialising the Xforms library.
@<Logic...@>= open(argf,"",arg channel); fl initialize(argc,argv,"simpleapp",NIL,0);
@ Declare the !REF FILE!.
@<Names...@>= FILE @!argf;
@1Main processing. The form is created in !simpleapp fd! the source code of which is 108 lines long. Firstly, define the callback for the button.
@<Proc...@>= button cb:=(REF FLOBJECT obj,INT data)VOID: ( clicks +:= 1; fl set object label(text box OF click form,whole(clicks,0)+" click"+ (clicks=1|""|"s")+" on the button") );
@ Declare !clicks!.
@<Plain...@>= INT clicks:=0;
@ Create the form, show it and hand control to the Xforms library.
@<Logic...@>= click form:=create form click; fl show form(click OF click form,fl place center,fl full border,"SimpleApp"); fl do forms
@ Declare the form.
@<Names...@>= REF FDCLICK click form;
@1Macro declarations. All the macros used in the program are declared here.
@<Include...@>= macro fl do forms; macro fl initialize; macro fl set object label; macro fl show form;
@ To compile the program, use this command:
ca -l mod -l forms simpleapp.w68
The predefined form will have been compiled with this command:
ca -m mod simpleappfd.w68
The predefined form was created by the fdesign program for the Xforms library, and the resulting form definition file was converted to Web 68 by the program fdtow68.</lang>
XPL0
<lang XPL0>include c:\cxpl\stdlib; \standard library provides mouse routines, etc. def Ww=40, Wh=12, Wx=(80-Ww)/2, Wy=(25-Wh)/2; \window width, etc. def Bw=11, Bh=4, Bx=Wx+(Ww-Bw)/2, By=Wy+3*(Wh-Bh)/4; \button size & position int Clicks, Mx, My; \number of clicks and mouse coordinates
[ShowCursor(false); \turn off flashing cursor Attrib($1F); \bright white characters on blue SetWind(Wx, Wy, Wx+Ww, Wy+Wh, 2, true); \blue window with no scroll DrawBox(Wx, Wy, Wx+Ww, Wy+Wh, 3); \draw borders Cursor(Wx+5, Wy+3); Text(6, "There have been no clicks yet."); DrawBox(Bx, By, Bx+Bw, By+Bh, 0); \draw button Cursor(Bx+2, By+2); Text(6, "Click me");
OpenMouse; ShowMouse(true); Clicks:= 0; repeat if GetMouseButton(0) then \left button down
[while GetMouseButton(0) do []; \wait for release
Mx:= GetMousePosition(0) / 8; \character coordinates
My:= GetMousePosition(1) / 8;
if Mx>=Bx & Mx<=Bx+Bw & My>=By & My<=By+Bh then
[Clicks:= Clicks+1; \mouse pointer is on the button
Cursor(Wx+4, Wy+3);
Text(6, "Times button has been clicked: ");
IntOut(6, Clicks);
];
];
until ChkKey; \keystroke terminates program SetVid(3); \turn off mouse and turn on flashing cursor ]</lang>
Yorick
Yorick does not include a GUI toolkit. However, it does provide a plotting system that can emulate some basic GUI features, such as buttons and labels. The above sample uses a built-in library "button.i", which is itself written in Yorick.
<lang yorick>#include "button.i"
window, 0; btn_click = Button(text="click me", x=.395, y=.65, dx=0.04368, dy=0.0091); btn_quit = Button(text="quit", x=.395, y=.6, dx=0.02184, dy=0.0091); count = 0; msg = "There have been no clicks yet"; finished = 0; do {
fma;
plt, msg, .395, .7, justify="CH";
button_plot, btn_click;
button_plot, btn_quit;
xy = mouse(0, 0, "");
if(button_test(btn_click, xy(1), xy(2))) {
count++;
msg = swrite(format="Number of clicks: %d", count);
} else if(button_test(btn_quit, xy(1), xy(2))) {
finished = 1;
winkill, 0;
}
} while(!finished);</lang>
- Programming Tasks
- GUI
- Basic language learning
- Simple
- AArch64 Assembly
- Ada
- GTK
- GtkAda
- APL
- AutoHotkey
- AutoIt
- B4J
- BaCon
- BBC BASIC
- Beads
- C
- C sharp
- C++
- Qt
- Clojure
- Common Lisp
- CLIM
- D
- DFL
- Hybrid
- Delphi
- E
- Swing
- EchoLisp
- Elena
- Euphoria
- EuWinGUI
- F Sharp
- Factor
- Fantom
- Forth
- MINOS
- Theseus
- FreeBASIC
- Gambas
- Gastona
- Go
- Go-gtk
- Groovy
- Haskell
- Gtk
- HicEst
- Unicon
- IDL
- J
- Java
- AWT
- JavaFX Script
- JavaFX 1.2
- Julia
- Kotlin
- TornadoFX
- Lambdatalk
- Liberty BASIC
- Lingo
- Logo
- Lua
- M2000 Interpreter
- Mathematica
- MAXScript
- Modula-3
- Trestle
- Nanoquery
- Nim
- Objective-C
- OCaml
- OoRexx
- Oz
- Pascal
- SysUtils
- Glib2
- Gtk2
- Perl
- Perl/Tk
- Phix
- Phix/pGUI
- PicoLisp
- Pike
- PowerShell
- Prolog
- PureBasic
- Python
- Tkinter
- PyQt
- WxPython
- R
- GWidgets
- GWidgetstcltk
- Racket
- Raku
- RapidQ
- REBOL
- Ring
- Ruby
- Ruby/Tk
- Shoes
- Run BASIC
- Rust
- Iced
- Scala
- Sidef
- Smalltalk
- Standard ML
- Tcl
- Tk
- TI-89 BASIC
- Vedit macro language
- Visual Basic
- Web 68
- XPL0
- Yorick
- ACL2/Omit
- AWK/Omit
- Batch File/Omit
- GUISS/Omit
- Logtalk/Omit
- Maxima/Omit
- Metafont/Omit
- ML/I/Omit
- PARI/GP/Omit
- PHP/Omit
- Retro/Omit
- SQL PL/Omit
- ZX Spectrum Basic/Omit