Delegates

A delegate is a helper object used by another object. The delegator may send the delegate certain messages, and provide a default implementation when there is not delegate or the delegate does not respond to a message. This pattern is heavily used in Cocoa framework on Mac OS X

Objects responsibilities:

Delegator:

Keep an optional delegate instance.
Implement "operation" method, returning the delegate "thing" if the delegate respond to "thing", or the string "default implementation".

Delegate:

Implement "thing" and return the string "delegate implementaion"

Show how objets are created and used. First, without a delegate, then with a delegate.

Objective-C

@interface Delegator : NSObject
{
    id delegate;
}
- (id)delegate;
- (void)setDelegate:(id)obj;
- (NSString *)operation;
@end

@implementation Delegator
- (id)delegate;
{
    return delegate;
}
- (void)setDelegate:(id)obj;
{
    delegate = obj; // Weak reference
}
- (NSString *)operation;
{
    if ([delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(thing)])
        return [delegate thing];
    return @"default implementation";
}
@end

// Any object may implement these
@interface NSObject (DelegatorDelegating)
- (NSString *)thing;
@end

@interface Delegate : NSObject
// Don't need to declare -thing because any NSObject has this method
@end

@implementation Delegate
- (NSString *)thing;
{
    return @"delegate implementation";
}
@end

// Example usage
// Memory management ignored for simplification
int main()
{
    // Without a delegate
    Delegator *a = [[Delegator alloc] init];
    assert([[a operation] isEqualToString:@"default implementation"]);

    // With a delegate
    Delegate *d = [[Delegate alloc] init];
    [a setDelegate:d];
    assert([isEqualToString:@"delegate implementation"]);

    return 0;
}

==[[Python]]==
[[Category:Python]]

<pre>
class Delegator:
    def __init__(self, delegate=None):
        self.delegate = delegate
    def thing(self):
         if hasattr(self.delegate, 'thing'):
             return self.delegate.thing()
         return 42
    def other(self):
         if hasattr(self.delegate, 'other'):
             return self.delegate.thing()
         return 5

class Delegate:
    def thing(self):
        return 37

if __name__ == '__main__':

    # No delegate
    a = Delegator()
    assert a.thing() == 42
    assert a.other() == 5

    # With delegate
    a.delegate = Delegate()
    assert a.thing() == 37
    assert a.other() == 5