Ascending primes
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Generate and show all primes with strictly ascending decimal digits.
Aside: Try solving without peeking at existing solutions. I had a weird idea for generating a prime sieve faster, which needless to say didn't pan out. The solution may be p(r)etty trivial but generating them quickly is at least mildly interesting. Tip: filtering all 7,027,260 primes below 123,456,789 probably won't kill you, but there is at least one significantly better and much faster way, needing a mere 511 odd/prime tests.
- See also
- Related
- Primes with digits in nondecreasing order (infinite series allowing duplicate digits, whereas this isn't and doesn't)
- Pandigital prime (whereas this is the smallest, with gaps in the used digits being permitted)
ALGOL 68
Uses Pete's hint to enumerate the 512 possible numbers.
The numbers are generated in order of the first digit, so we have to sort them.
As there are only 512 possible numbers to consider, it doesn't attempt the optimisation that the final digit can't be 4, 6 or 8 and can only be 2 or 5 if it is the only digit (also, I always forget that can't be even thing...).
<lang algol68>BEGIN # find all primes with strictly increasing digits #
PR read "primes.incl.a68" PR # include prime utilities # PR read "rows.incl.a68" PR # include array utilities # [ 1 : 512 ]INT primes; # there will be at most 512 (2^9) primes # INT p count := 0; # number of primes found so far # FOR d1 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n1 = d1; FOR d2 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n2 = IF d2 = 1 THEN ( n1 * 10 ) + 2 ELSE n1 FI; FOR d3 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n3 = IF d3 = 1 THEN ( n2 * 10 ) + 3 ELSE n2 FI; FOR d4 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n4 = IF d4 = 1 THEN ( n3 * 10 ) + 4 ELSE n3 FI; FOR d5 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n5 = IF d5 = 1 THEN ( n4 * 10 ) + 5 ELSE n4 FI; FOR d6 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n6 = IF d6 = 1 THEN ( n5 * 10 ) + 6 ELSE n5 FI; FOR d7 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n7 = IF d7 = 1 THEN ( n6 * 10 ) + 7 ELSE n6 FI; FOR d8 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n8 = IF d8 = 1 THEN ( n7 * 10 ) + 8 ELSE n7 FI; FOR d9 FROM 0 TO 1 DO INT n9 = IF d9 = 1 THEN ( n8 * 10 ) + 9 ELSE n8 FI; IF n9 > 0 THEN IF is probably prime( n9 ) THEN # have a prime with strictly ascending digits # primes[ p count +:= 1 ] := n9 FI FI OD OD OD OD OD OD OD OD OD; QUICKSORT primes FROMELEMENT 1 TOELEMENT p count; # sort the primes # FOR i TO p count DO # display the primes # print( ( " ", whole( primes[ i ], -8 ) ) ); IF i MOD 10 = 0 THEN print( ( newline ) ) FI OD
END</lang>
- Output:
2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789
AWK
<lang AWK>
- syntax: GAWK -f ASCENDING_PRIMES.AWK
BEGIN {
start = 1 stop = 23456789 for (i=start; i<=stop; i++) { if (is_prime(i)) { primes++ leng = length(i) flag = 1 for (j=1; j<leng; j++) { if (substr(i,j,1) >= substr(i,j+1,1)) { flag = 0 break } } if (flag) { printf("%9d%1s",i,++count%10?"":"\n") } } } printf("\n%d-%d: %d primes, %d ascending primes\n",start,stop,primes,count) exit(0)
} function is_prime(n, d) {
d = 5 if (n < 2) { return(0) } if (n % 2 == 0) { return(n == 2) } if (n % 3 == 0) { return(n == 3) } while (d*d <= n) { if (n % d == 0) { return(0) } d += 2 if (n % d == 0) { return(0) } d += 4 } return(1)
} </lang>
- Output:
2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789 1-23456789: 1475171 primes, 100 ascending primes
Factor
The approach taken is to check the members of the powerset of [1..9] (of which there are only 512 if you include the empty set) for primality.
<lang factor>USING: grouping math math.combinatorics math.functions math.primes math.ranges prettyprint sequences sequences.extras ;
9 [1,b] all-subsets [ reverse 0 [ 10^ * + ] reduce-index ] [ prime? ] map-filter 10 group simple-table.</lang>
- Output:
2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789
J
Compare with Descending primes.
<lang J> extend=: {{ y;(1+each i._1+{.y),L:0 y }}
$(#~ 1 p: ])10#.&>([:~.@;extend each)^:# >:i.9
100
10 10$(#~ 1 p: ])10#.&>([:~.@;extend each)^:# >:i.9 2 3 13 23 5 7 17 37 47 67 127 137 347 157 257 457 167 367 467 1237 2347 2357 3457 1367 2467 3467 1567 4567 12347 12457 13457 13567 23567 123457 124567 19 29 59 79 89 139 239 149 349 359 269 569 179 379 479 389 1249 1259 1459 2459 3469 1279 1579 2579 4679 1289 2389 1489 2689 5689 1789 2789 4789 23459 13469 12569 12379 12479 13679 34679 15679 25679 12589 34589 12689 23689 13789 23789 123479 124679 235679 145679 345679 234589 345689
134789 125789 235789 245789 1245689 1234789 1235789 1456789 12356789 23456789
timex'(#~ 1 p: ])10#.&>([:~.@;extend each)^:# >:i.9' NB. seconds (take with grain of salt)
0.003818 </lang>
cpu here was a 1.2ghz i3-1005g1
jq
Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq
See Erdős-primes#jq for a suitable definition of `is_prime` as used here.
<lang jq>
- Output: the stream of ascending primes, in order
def ascendingPrimes:
# Generate the stream of primes beginning with the digit . # and with strictly ascending digits, without regard to order def generate: # strings def g: . as $first | tonumber as $n | select($n <= 9) | $first, ((range($n + 1;10) | tostring | g) as $x | $first + $x ); tostring | g | tonumber | select(is_prime);
[range(1;10) | generate] | sort[];
def task:
def lpad($len): tostring | ($len - length) as $l | (" " * $l)[:$l] + .; [ascendingPrimes] | "There are \(length) ascending primes, namely:", ( _nwise(10) | map(lpad(10)) | join(" ") );
task</lang>
- Output:
There are 100 ascending primes, namely: 2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789
Julia
<lang julia>using Combinatorics using Primes
function ascendingprimes()
return filter(isprime, [evalpoly(10, reverse(x)) for x in powerset([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]) if !isempty(x)])
end
foreach(p -> print(rpad(p[2], 10), p[1] % 10 == 0 ? "\n" : ""), enumerate(ascendingprimes()))
@time ascendingprimes()
</lang>
- Output:
2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789 0.000150 seconds (2.19 k allocations: 159.078 KiB
Perl
<lang perl>#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; # https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ascending_primes use warnings; use ntheory qw( is_prime );
print join(, map { sprintf "%10d", $_ } sort { $a <=> $b }
grep /./ && is_prime($_), glob join , map "{$_,}", 1 .. 9) =~ s/.{50}\K/\n/gr;</lang>
- Output:
2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789
Phix
with javascript_semantics function ascending_primes(sequence res, atom p=0) for d=remainder(p,10)+1 to 9 do integer np = p*10+d if odd(d) and is_prime(np) then res &= np end if res = ascending_primes(res,np) end for return res end function sequence r = apply(true,sprintf,{{"%8d"},sort(ascending_primes({2}))}) printf(1,"There are %,d ascending primes:\n%s\n",{length(r),join_by(r,1,10," ")})
- Output:
There are 100 ascending primes: 2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789
powerset
Using a powerset, the basic idea of which was taken from the Factor entry above, here incrementally built, does not need either recursion or a sort, same output
with javascript_semantics function ascending_primes() sequence res = {}, powerset = {0} while length(powerset) do sequence next = {} for i=1 to length(powerset) do for d=remainder(powerset[i],10)+1 to 9 do next &= powerset[i]*10+d end for end for powerset = next res &= filter(powerset,is_prime) end while return res end function sequence r = apply(true,sprintf,{{"%8d"},ascending_primes()}) printf(1,"There are %,d ascending primes:\n%s\n",{length(r),join_by(r,1,10," ")})
By way of explanation, specifically "no sort rqd", if you pp(shorten(powerset,"entries",3))
at the end of each iteration then you get:
{1,2,3, `...`, 7,8,9, ` (9 entries)`} {12,13,14, `...`, 78,79,89, ` (36 entries)`} {123,124,125, `...`, 679,689,789, ` (84 entries)`} {1234,1235,1236, `...`, 5689,5789,6789, ` (126 entries)`} {12345,12346,12347, `...`, 45789,46789,56789, ` (126 entries)`} {123456,123457,123458, `...`, 346789,356789,456789, ` (84 entries)`} {1234567,1234568,1234569, `...`, 2356789,2456789,3456789, ` (36 entries)`} {12345678,12345679,12345689, `...`, 12456789,13456789,23456789, ` (9 entries)`} {123456789} {}
Quackery
powerset
is defined at Power set#Quackery, and isprime
is defined at Primality by trial division#Quackery.
<lang Quackery> [ 0 swap witheach
[ swap 10 * + ] ] is digits->n ( [ --> n )
[] ' [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] powerset witheach [ digits->n dup isprime iff join else drop ] sort echo</lang>
- Output:
[ 2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789 ]
Raku
<lang perl6>put (flat 2, 3, 5, 7, sort +*, gather (1..8).map: &recurse ).batch(10)».fmt("%8d").join: "\n";
sub recurse ($str) {
.take for ($str X~ (3, 7, 9)).grep: { .is-prime && [<] .comb }; recurse $str × 10 + $_ for $str % 10 ^.. 9;
}
printf "%.3f seconds", now - INIT now;</lang>
- Output:
2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789 0.075 seconds
Ring
<lang ring> load "stdlibcore.ring"
limit = 1000 row = 0
for n = 1 to limit
flag = 0 strn = string(n) if isprime(n) = 1 for m = 1 to len(strn)-1 if number(substr(strn,m)) > number(substr(strn,m+1)) flag = 1 ok next if flag = 1 row++ see "" + n + " " ok if row % 10 = 0 see nl ok ok
next </lang> Output:
11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227 229 233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277 281 283 293 307 311 313 317 331 337 347 349 353 359 367 373 379 383 389 397 401 409 419 421 431 433 439 443 449 457 461 463 467 479 487 491 499 503 509 521 523 541 547 557 563 569 571 577 587 593 599 601 607 613 617 619 631 641 643 647 653 659 661 673 677 683 691 701 709 719 727 733 739 743 751 757 761 769 773 787 797 809 811 821 823 827 829 839 853 857 859 863 877 881 883 887 907 911 919 929 937 941 947 953 967 971 977 983 991 997
Sidef
<lang ruby>func primes_with_ascending_digits(base = 10) {
var list = [] var digits = @(1..^base -> flip)
var end_digits = digits.grep { .is_coprime(base) } list << digits.grep { .is_prime && !.is_coprime(base) }...
for k in (0 .. digits.end) { digits.combinations(k, {|*a| var v = a.digits2num(base) end_digits.each {|d| var n = (v*base + d) next if ((n >= base) && (a[0] >= d)) list << n if (n.is_prime) } }) }
list.sort
}
var arr = primes_with_ascending_digits()
say "There are #{arr.len} ascending primes.\n"
arr.each_slice(10, {|*a|
say a.map { '%8s' % _ }.join(' ')
})</lang>
- Output:
There are 100 ascending primes. 2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789
Wren
Version 1 (Sieve)
Although they use a lot of memory, sieves usually produce good results in Wren and here we only need to sieve for primes up to 3456789 as there are just 9 possible candidates with 8 digits and 1 possible candidate with 9 digits which we can test for primality individually. The following runs in around 0.43 seconds. <lang ecmascript>import "./math" for Int import "./seq" for Lst import "./fmt" for Fmt
var isAscending = Fn.new { |n|
if (n < 10) return true var digits = Int.digits(n) for (i in 1...digits.count) { if (digits[i] <= digits[i-1]) return false } return true
}
var higherPrimes = [] var candidates = [
12345678, 12345679, 12345689, 12345789, 12346789, 12356789, 12456789, 13456789, 23456789, 123456789
] for (cand in candidates) if (Int.isPrime(cand)) higherPrimes.add(cand)
var primes = Int.primeSieve(3456789) var ascPrimes = [] for (p in primes) if (isAscending.call(p)) ascPrimes.add(p) ascPrimes.addAll(higherPrimes) System.print("There are %(ascPrimes.count) ascending primes, namely:") for (chunk in Lst.chunks(ascPrimes, 10)) Fmt.print("$8d", chunk)</lang>
- Output:
There are 100 ascending primes, namely: 2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789
Version 2 (Generator)
Here we generate all possible positive integers with ascending non-zero digits and filter out those that are prime.
Much quicker than the 'sieve' approach at 0.013 seconds. I also tried using a powerset but that was slightly slower at 0.015 seconds. <lang ecmascript>import "./set" for Set import "./math" for Int import "./seq" for Lst import "./fmt" for Fmt
var ascPrimes = Set.new() // avoids duplicates
var generate // recursive function generate = Fn.new { |first, cand, digits|
if (digits == 0) { if (Int.isPrime(cand)) ascPrimes.add(cand) return } var i = first while (i <= 9) { var next = cand * 10 + i generate.call(i + 1, next, digits - 1) i = i + 1 }
}
for (digits in 1..9) generate.call(1, 0, digits) ascPrimes = ascPrimes.toList ascPrimes.sort() System.print("There are %(ascPrimes.count) ascending primes, namely:") for (chunk in Lst.chunks(ascPrimes, 10)) Fmt.print("$8s", chunk)</lang>
- Output:
Same as before.
XPL0
Brute force solution: 4.3 seconds on Pi4. <lang XPL0>func IsPrime(N); \Return 'true' if N is prime int N, I; [if N <= 2 then return N = 2; if (N&1) = 0 then \even >2\ return false; for I:= 3 to sqrt(N) do
[if rem(N/I) = 0 then return false; I:= I+1; ];
return true; ];
func Ascending(N); \Return 'true' if digits are ascending int N, D; [N:= N/10; D:= rem(0); while N do
[N:= N/10; if rem(0) >= D then return false; D:= rem(0); ];
return true; ];
int Cnt, N; [Cnt:= 0; Format(9, 0); for N:= 2 to 123_456_789 do
if Ascending(N) then if IsPrime(N) then [RlOut(0, float(N)); Cnt:= Cnt+1; if rem(Cnt/10) = 0 then CrLf(0); ];
]</lang>
- Output:
2 3 5 7 13 17 19 23 29 37 47 59 67 79 89 127 137 139 149 157 167 179 239 257 269 347 349 359 367 379 389 457 467 479 569 1237 1249 1259 1279 1289 1367 1459 1489 1567 1579 1789 2347 2357 2389 2459 2467 2579 2689 2789 3457 3467 3469 4567 4679 4789 5689 12347 12379 12457 12479 12569 12589 12689 13457 13469 13567 13679 13789 15679 23459 23567 23689 23789 25679 34589 34679 123457 123479 124567 124679 125789 134789 145679 234589 235679 235789 245789 345679 345689 1234789 1235789 1245689 1456789 12356789 23456789
powerset
Aaah! Power set, from Factor. Runs in less than 1 millisecond. A better way of measuring duration than using Linux's time utility gave a more credible 35 milliseconds. <lang XPL0>include xpllib; \provides IsPrime and Sort
int I, N, Mask, Digit, A(512), Cnt; [for I:= 0 to 511 do
[N:= 0; Mask:= I; Digit:= 1; while Mask do [if Mask&1 then N:= N*10 + Digit; Mask:= Mask>>1; Digit:= Digit+1; ]; A(I):= N; ];
Sort(A, 512); Cnt:= 0; Format(9, 0); for I:= 1 to 511 do \skip empty set
[N:= A(I); if IsPrime(N) then [RlOut(0, float(N)); Cnt:= Cnt+1; if rem(Cnt/10) = 0 then CrLf(0); ]; ];
]</lang>
- Output:
Same as before.